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1-1.
Gii:
S dng cng thc lc tng tc gia hai in tch ca nh lut Culng (vi in tch ca
electron v ht nhn hyr qe = - qp = -1,6.10-19C, khong cch r = 0,5.10-10m):
F=
1-2.
k q 1 q 2 9.10 9.(1,6.10 19 ) 2
=
9,23.10 8 N
r2
(0,5.10 10 ) 2
Gii:
Theo cng thc ca nh lut Culng v nh lut vn vt hp dn, ta c:
F1 =
1-3.
kq 2
;
r2
F2 =
Gm 2
r2
F1
kq 2
9.10 9.(1,6.10 19 ) 2
=
=
1,25.10 36 (ln )
2
11
27 2
F2 Gm
6,67.10 .(1,67.10 )
Hai qu cu t trong chn khng c cng bn knh v cng khi lng c treo
hai u si dy sao cho mt ngoi ca chng tip xc vi nhau. Sau khi truyn cho
cc qu cu mt in tch q0 = 4.10-7C, chng y nhau v gc gia hai si dy by
gi bng 600. Tnh khi lng ca cc qu cu nu khong cch t im treo n tm
qu cu bng l = 20 cm.
Gii:
Do cc qu cu l ging nhau nn in tch mi qu cu nhn c l:
T
2
F
q1 = q 2 =
q0
= 2.10 7 C
2
P = mg
Fd =
tg =
Fd
P
kq1 q 2
kq 02
=
2
r2
4(2l. sin )
q 02
q 02
kq 02
tg =
P=
=
4 0 .16l 2 sin 2 .P
64 0 l 2 sin 2 .tg 16l 2 . sin 2 .tg
Thay s:
(
)
( ) ( )
2
1.9.10 9. 4.10 7
P=
= 0,157( N )
16.0,2 2. sin 2 30 0 .tg 30 0
1-4.
m=
P 0,157
=
= 0,016(kg ) = 16( g )
g
9,81
Tnh khi lng ring ca cht lm qu cu trong bi 1-3. Bit rng khi nhng cc qu
cu ny vo du ha, gc gia hai si dy by gi ch bng 540 ( = 2 i vi du
ha).
Gii:
Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn
(1)
(2)
Mt khc:
P = mg = Vg ; P1 = 0Vg
(3)
2 . sin 2 2 .tg 2
= 0 .
2 . sin 2 2 .tg 2 1.sin 2 1.tg1
Thay s vi: 1 = 1; 2 = 2; 1 = 30 0 ; 2 = 27 0 ; 0 = 800(kg / m 3 )
=
1-5.
2. sin 2 27 0.tg 27 0
.800 = 2550(kg / m 3 )
2. sin 2 27 0.tg 27 0 sin 2 30 0.tg 30 0
Gii:
Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn
.sin 2 2 .tg 2
= 1
.sin 2 2 .tg 2 sin 2 1 .tg1
sin 2 1 .tg
sin 2 2 .tg 2
1-6.
Gii:
lctrn chuyn ng xung quanh ht nhn theo qu o trn di tc dng ca lc hng
tm chnh l lc Culng.
Fht = FCoulomb
v2
e2
m
=
r
4 0 r 2
v2 =
r.e 2
e2
=
m.4 0 r 2 4 0 mr
v=
e2
4 0 mr
e
2 0 mr
Thay s, ta c:
v=
1,6.10 19
12
31
10
= 1,6.10 6 (m / s )
1-7.
F
F2
Gii:
Ta c:
+ Lc F1 ca q2 tc dng ln q1:
q1q 2
3.10 8.5.10 8
=
= 8,4.10 3 ( N )
2
12
2 2
4 0 rAB 4 .1.8,86.10 .(4.10 )
+ Lc F2 ca q3 tc dng ln q1:
F1 =
F2 =
q1q3
3.10 8.10.10 8
=
= 30.10 3 ( N )
2
4 0 rAC
4 .1.8,86.10 12.(3.10 2 ) 2
BC 2 = AB 2 + AC 2
F1 8,4.10 3
=
0,28 = 15 0 42'
3
F2 30.10
- Chiu ca F nh hnh v.
- ln ca lc c tnh bng:
Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn
1-8.
C hai in tch bng nhau v tri du. Chng minh rng ti mi im cch u hai
in tch , phng ca lc tc dng ln in tch th q0 song song vi ng thng
ni hai in tch .
Gii:
Gi l ng trung trc ca on thng AB ni hai in tch q1 v q2 bng nhau v tri
du. Xt in tch th q0 (cng du vi in tch t ti B) t ti C nm trn . Ta c:
F1 =
q1q0
4 0 (B C ) 2
q 2 q0
= F2
4 0 ( AC ) 2
F1
F2
A
Vy, F ch c thnh phn hng theo phng vung gc vi , hay F song song vi
ng thng ni hai in tch q1 v q2.
F = F1 sin + F2 sin =
1-9.
2 q1q0
sin
4 0 l AB 2
2 sin
2 q1q0 sin 3
2
0l AB
Gii:
Ta chia na vng xuyn thnh nhng phn t dl mang in
tch dQ. Chng tc dng ln in tch q lc dF. p dng nguyn
l chng cht lc, ta c:
Fx = dF sin ;
y
dl
Fy = dF cos
q dFx
ro
Ta c:
vi
dF =
dQ.q
4 0 r02
dQ =
Q
dl ;
r0
dF =
Qq
2
4 0 r02
dF
dl = r0 .d
d
F = Fx =
Qq
2
2
0 0
cos .d =
Qq
2
2 0 r02
Thay s:
F=
q1
q2
Hnh 1-1
Gii:
1. p dng nguyn l chng cht in trng:
+ in trng do q1 v q2 gy ra ti A cng phng cng chiu:
EC1
C
EB
B
E A = E A1 + E A2 =
EA =
q1
4 0 ( AM )
EC2
q1
EA
EC
q2
N
q2
4 0 ( AN ) 2
8.108
1
3.10 8
+
4 .1.8,86.10 12 (4.10 2 ) 2 (6.10 2 ) 2
= 52,5.10 4 (V / m)
EB =
q1
4 0 ( BM )
q2
4 0 ( BN ) 2
8.10 8
1
3.10 8
= 27,6.10 4 (V / m)
12
2 2
2 2
4 .1.8,86.10 (5.10 )
(15.10 )
Ta cng c:
MC 2 + NC 2 MN 2 9 2 + 7 2 10 2
=
= 0,23
MN = MC + NC 2 MC.NC. cos cos =
2 MC.NC
2 .9 .7
2
8.10 8
=
=
= 8,87.10 4 (V / m)
12
2 2
2
4 0 (CM )
4 .8,86.10 .(9.10 )
q1
EC
EC =
2
q2
3.108
=
= 5,50.10 4 (V / m)
12
2 2
2
4 0 (CN )
4 .8,86.10 .(7.10 )
Vy:
EC = (8,87.10 4 ) 2 + (5,50.10 4 ) 2 2.8,87.10 4.5,50.10 4.0,23 = 9,34.10 4 (V / m)
EC
sin
EC
sin
E C sin
sin =
EC
8,87.104. 1 (0,23) 2
sin =
= 0,92 = 67 009'
4
9,34.10
2. Ta c: FC = q.EC = 5.10 10.9,34.10 4 = 0,467.10 4 ( N )
Chiu ca lc FC ngc vi chiu ca in trng EC trn hnh v.
1-11. Cho hai in tch q v 2q t cch nhau 10 cm. Hi ti im no trn ng ni hai
in tch y in trng trit tiu.
Gii:
Trn ng ni hai in tch, in trng do chng gy ra lun cng phng ngc chiu
nn ta c:
E = E1 E2 =
q
2
0 1
4 r
2q
2
0 2
4 r
1 2
4 0 r12 r22
q
E=
1
2
2
=0
4 0 r
(l r ) 2
q
1
2
=0
2
r
(l r ) 2
l r = 2r
r=
l
1+ 2
(l r ) 2 = 2 r 2
10
4,14(cm)
1+ 2
Gii:
1. Nu ta t ti su nh ca lc gic u cc in tch bng nhau v cng du, th cc cp
in tch cc nh i din s to ra ti tm cc in trng bng nhau nhng ngc chiu,
nn chng trit tiu ln nhau. Do vy, in trng tng cng ti tm lc gic bng khng.
E0 = 0 (do tnh i xng)
2. t ba in tch dng v ba in tch m cng ln vo su nh ca lc gic u,
ta c ba cch xp nh sau:
a) Cc in tch m v dng c t xen k vi nhau:
Ta nhn thy: cc cp in trng (E1, E4), (E2, E5) v (E3, E6) cng phng cng chiu v
cc in trng c cng ln.
E25
q
4 0 a
0 a
E14
4
q
E36
2 0 a 2
3
5
E25
E14
E36
1200
E14
q
2 0 a 2
Hnh 1-2
Gii:
Ti v tr cn bng:
T +F+P=0
Trong :
P = mg ;
F = Eq =
q
2 0
T hnh v ta thy:
tg =
F
4.10 5.10 9
q
=
=
= 0,2309
P 2 0 mg 2.1.8,86.10 12.10 3.9,81
= 130
A
T
F
A
P
3. Chng minh rng nu b a th biu thc thu c chuyn thnh biu thc tnh cng
in trng gy bi mt in tch im.
Gii:
dE
dE2
A
dE1
dq
1. Chia a thnh tng di vnh khn c b rng dr. Xt di vnh khn c bn knh r (r<a).
Vnh khn c in tch tng cng:
dQ = .2r.dr
in trng dE c th phn thnh hai thnh phn dE1 v dE 2 . Do tnh i xng nn tng
dEr =
dq
b
b
.
=
2
2
2
2
4 0 r + b
4 0 r 2 + b 2
r +b
3/ 2
.dQ =
b .r.dr
2 0 r 2 + b 2
in trng do c a gy ra ti A l:
b
E = dEr =
2 0
(r
0
r.dr
2
+b
2 3/ 2
b
1
1
1
=
2
=
2
2 0
2 0
r +b
1 + a 2 / b2
0
3/ 2
10 8
1
1
E=
12
2
2
2.8,86.10
1 + (8.10 2 ) / (6.10 2 )
226 (V / m )
2. Nu cho b 0, ta c:
1
1
b 0 2
1 + a2 / b2
0
E = lim
=
2 0
Vy: E =
a 2 .a 2
q
.(a 2 )
1
1
=
=
=
2
2
2
2 0 2b 4 0b
4 0b
4 0b 2
Gii:
dE
h
O
dh
2
h
4 0 r + h
2 3/ 2
.dQ =
h.2R.dh
4 0 R 3
.h.
h2
E = dE =
dh
=
=
2
2
2 0 R
2 0 R 2
4 0
0
R
Coi = 1 , ta c:
E=
10 9
= 28,2 (V / m)
4.1.8,86.10 12
1-16. Mt thanh kim loi mnh mang in tch q = 2.10-7C. Xc nh cng in trng
ti mt im nm cch hai u thanh R = 300cm v cch trung im thanh R0 =
10cm. Coi nh in tch c phn b u trn thanh.
Gii:
q
l
q
2 R 2 R02
dx
dE
dE2
dE1
0
R
R0
l/2
dE2 =
=
dq
4 0 r
. cos =
qR0
4 0l R02 + x 2
E = dE 2 =
l/2
l / 2
q
4 0lR 0
Thay s:
3/ 2
R0
q
1
.
. dx
2
2
2
2
4 0 R0 + x
R0 + x l
dx
0
qR 0
4 0 l(R 02 + x 2 )
3/ 2
qR 0
R0
dx =
d
2
2
2
2
3/ 2
x = R tg 4 l
cos
.(
R
+
R
tg
)
0
0
0
0
q
cos .d = 4 lR [sin ]
0
E=
=
0
2q sin 0
q
l
q
=
.
=
4 0lR 0 2 0lR 0 2R 4 0 RR 0
2.10 7
6.103 (V / m)
4 .1.8,86.10 12.3.0,1
Gii:
Ta c th coi mt phng tch in c l hng khng tch in nh mt mt phng tch in
u mt v mt a bn knh a nm ti v tr l tch in u vi mt -.
+ in trng do mt phng tch in u gy ra ti im ang xt l:
E1 =
2 0
1
1
2 0
1 + a 2 / b2
2 0 1 + a 2 / b 2
Gii:
Xt mt Gaox l mt tr y trn bn knh R0 c trc trng vi si dy, chiu cao h (h l)
vng gia si dy v cch si dy mt khong R0 l, ta c th coi in trng trn mt tr
l u. S dng nh l Otxtrgratxki-Gaox, ta c:
E.2R0 .h =
E=
q0
1 q1h
.
0 l
q1
2 0 R0l
Lc in tc dng ln ht bi l:
q1q2
1,7.10 16.2.10 7
F = Eq2 =
=
1010 ( N )
12
3
2 0 R0l 2 .1.8,86.10 .4.10 .1,5
Gii:
Lc tc dng ln thanh nm song song l:
F1 = Fi = q Ei
F1 = F2
Gii:
Ta thy, lc tc dng ln dy khng ph thuc vo cch t dy trong in trng. Ta c:
2 0
+ in trng do mt phng gy ra l:
E=
+ in tch ca dy l:
q = L
Gii:
Vct cng in trng ti mt im M bt k bng
E = E1 + E2
E = 0, th ta phi c:
x
q1
E1 = E2
q2
E1 = E 2
q1
4 0 x 2
4 0 (l x )
q
x
= 1
lx
q2
l
x=
1
q1
q2
q
x
= 1
q2
lx
q2
q1
(l x )
q2
x=
q1
q2
q1
q1
q2
x=
q1
q1 + q2
x=
q1
q1
l
q2
1-22. Gia hai dy dn hnh tr song song cch nhau mt khong l = 15cm ngi ta t mt
hiu in th U = 1500V. Bn knh tit din mi dy l r = 0,1cm. Hdy xc nh
cng in trng ti trung im ca khong cch gia hai si dy bit rng cc
dy dn t trong khng kh.
Gii:
Ta i xt trng hp tng qut: nu gi khong cch t im M n trc dy dn th nht
l x th cng in trng ti M l:
E=
+
=
2 0 x l x 2 0 x(l x)
1
U = Edx =
lr
1
l r 1
[ln x ln(l x )] = ln l r
+
dx =
2 0 r x l x
2 0
r
0 r
0U
l r
ln
Thay s:
0U
l l r
2 0 l
. l ln
2 2 r
E=
2U
l r
l. ln
2.1500
4.103 (V / m )
0,149
0,15. ln
0,001
1-23. Cho hai in tch im q1 = 2.10-6C, q2 = -10-6C t cch nhau 10cm. Tnh cng ca
lc tnh in khi in tch q2 dch chuyn trn ng thng ni hai in tch xa
thm mt on 90cm.
Gii:
Ta c: Cng ca lc tnh in khi dch chuyn in tch q2 t im A n im B l:
A = q2.(VA VB)
Vy:
q1
q2
l.q1q2
=
A = q2
4 0 r 4 0 (l + r ) 4 0 r (l + r )
Thay s:
A=
0,9. 10 6 .2.10 6
0,162( J )
4 .1.8,86.10 12.0,1.1
Gii:
Cng ca lc tnh in khi dch chuyn in tch l:
A = q.(VA VB)
Vy:
Q
Q
qQ
=
A = q.
(do R2 = )
4 0 R1 4 0 R2 4 0 R1
=
Thay s:
A=
q.4 .r 2 .
qr 2
=
4 0 (r + R ) 0 (r + R )
10 7.(1 / 3).10 7. 10 2
3,42.10 7 (J )
12
2
1.8,86.10 .11.10
Gii:
Chia vng dy thnh nhng on v cng nh dl mang in tch dq. in th do in tch
dq gy ra ti im M trn trc vng dy, cch tm ca vng dy mt on h l:
dV =
dq
4 0 R 2 + h 2
in th do c vng gy ra ti M l:
V = dV =
dq
2
4 0 R + h
Q
4 0 R 2 + h 2
1. in th ti tm vng (h =0):
VO =
Q
4 0 R
(1 / 9).108
4 .1.8,86.10 12.4.10 2
= 250(V )
2. in th ti M (h = 3cm):
VH =
Q
4 0 R 2 + h 2
(1 / 9).108
4 .1.8,86.10 12
= 200(V )
(4.10 ) + (3.10 )
2 2
2 2
Gii:
Ta c:
Vy:
dA = q.dV
dA = q.( Edr ) = q.
A = dA =
q
2 0
dr
2 0 r
r2
dr
r
r1
q
2 0
(ln r2 ln r1 ) =
q
2 0
ln
r1
r2
2 0 A
r
q. ln 1
r2
2. .1.8,86.10 12.50.10 7
6.10 7 (C / m )
4
9
(2 / 3).10 . ln
2
1-27. Trong chn khng liu c th c mt trng tnh in m phng ca cc vct cng
in trng trong c khong khng gian c in trng th khng i nhng gi tr
li thay i, v d nh thay i theo phng vung gc vi cc vct in trng
(hnh 1-3) c khng?
E
Hnh 1-3
Gii:
A
E
D
VA VA =
E
.dl
ABCDA
= E.dl + E.dl + E.dl + E.dl
BC
CD
DA
AB
Gii:
Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn
R
h
q
. in tch ca vng dy l:
4R 2
2r.dh
cos
r
R
dq =
q
q.dh
.2R.dh =
2
4R
2R
dq
4 0 r 2 + (h + x )
q.dh
8 0 R r 2 + h 2 + x 2 + 2hx
qdh
8 0 R R 2 + x 2 + 2hx
Vy, in th do c mt cu gy ra l:
V = dV =
q.dh
2
2
t=R
0 R R + x + 2hx
q
=
( R + x R x ) = 4q 0 R
8 0 xR
4 0 x
=2
+ x + 2 hx
(R+ x)2
16 0 xR ( R x ) 2
( R + x) 2
dt
q
=
.2 t
t 16 0 xR
(R x )2
[ ]
(x R )
(x > R )
1. in th ti tm qu cu (x = 0) v trn mt cu (x = R):
V=
q
4 0 R
q
4 0 (R + a )
Gii:
Chia a thnh nhng phn t hnh vnh khn bn knh x, b rng dx. Phn t vnh khn
mang in tch dq = .dS = .2xdx . Theo bi 1-25, in th do hnh vnh khn gy l:
dq
dV =
4 0 x 2 + h 2
2xdx
4 0 x 2 + h 2
xdx
2 0 x 2 + h 2
in th do c a gy ra:
R
V = dV =
0
Vy: V =
2 0
xdx
2 0 x 2 + h 2
(R
+ h2 h
=2
t = x +h2
4 0
R2 +h2
R 2 + h2
dt
=
2 t
t 4 0
h2
[ ]
1-30. Khong cch gia hai bn t in l d = 5cm, cng in trng gia hai bn
khng i v bng 6.104V/m. Mt electron bay dc theo ng sc ca in trng t
bn ny sang bn kia ca t in vi vn tc ban u bng khng. Tm vn tc ca
electron khi n bay ti bn th hai ca t in. Gi thit b qua nh hng ca trng
trng.
Gii:
Cng ca lc in trng gia tc cho electron l: A = eU = eEd.
Mt khc:
A=
v2 =
1
1
1
mv 22 mv12 = mv 22
2
2
2
(do v1 = 0)
2A
2eEd
2.1,6.10 19.6.10 4.5.10 2
=
=
3,26.107 (m / s )
31
m
m
9,1.10
1-31. Cho hai mt phng song song v hn mang in u, mt bng nhau v tri du,
t cch nhau 5mm. Cng in trng gia chng l 104V/m. Tnh hiu in th
gia hai mt phng v mt in mt ca chng.
Gii:
Hiu in th gia hai bn:
U = Ed = 10 4.5.103 = 50(V )
Gii:
Trong hnh ch nht ABCD c AB = 4m, BC = 3m, nn:
AC = BD =
AB 2 + BC 2 = 4 2 + 32 = 5(m )
in th ti A v B l tng in th do hai in th gy ra ti :
VA =
VB =
q1
q2
3.10 8
3.10 8
+
=
+
36(V )
4 0 . AC 4 0 . AD 4. .8,86.10 12.5 4 .8,86.10 12.3
q1
4 0 .BC
q2
3.108
3.10 8
=
+
36(V )
4 0 .BD 4. .8,86.10 12.3 4 .8,86.10 12.5
Vy: U = VA VB = 72(V )
1-33. Tnh cng ca lc in trng khi chuyn dch in tch q = 10-9C t im C n im
D nu a = 6cm, Q1 = (10/3).10-9C, Q2 = -2.10-9C (Hnh 1-4).
D
a
A
Q1
C
q
B
Q2
Hnh 1-4
Gii:
in th ti C v D bng tng in th do Q1 v Q2 gy ra:
VC =
Q1
Q2
+
4 0 . AC 4 0 .BC
200(V )
=
+
4 .1.8,86.10 12 6.10 2
6.10 2
VD =
Q1
Q2
+
4 0 . AD 4 0 .BD
(10 / 3).10 9
1
2.10 9
141(V )
=
+
4 .1.8,86.10 12 6. 2 .10 2 6. 2 .10 2
1-34. Gia hai mt phng song song v hn mang in u mt bng nhau nhng tri
du, cch nhau mt khong d = 1cm t nm ngang, c mt ht mang in khi lng
m = 5.10-14kg. Khi khng c in trng, do sc cn ca khng kh, ht ri vi vn
tc khng i v1. Khi gia hai mt phng ny c hiu in th U = 600V th ht ri
chm i vi vn tc v2 =
v1
. Tm in tch ca ht.
2
Gii:
Sc cn ca khng kh t l vi vn tc chuyn ng ca ht trong khng kh: Fc = kv.
+ Khi khng c in trng:
mg = kv1
Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn
q=
mg( v1 v 2 ) mgd v 2
1
=
Ev1
U v1
q=
5.10 14.9,81.10 2
(1 0,5) 4,1.10 18 (C)
600
O
q
A B
Hnh 1-5
Gii:
Ta d dng nhn thy:
VB = VC =
q
4 0 r
VA = VD =
q
4 0 R
Gii:
Lc cn ca khng kh t l vi vn tc ca ht bi: Fc = kv.
+ Theo phng thng ng, ht bi c vn tc n nh v1:
mg = kv1
k=
mg
v1
Uq
Uq Uqv1
= kv2 v2 =
=
d
kd mgd
d
mgd 2
2.10 12.9,81. 2.10 2
t=
=
=
10(s )
2v2 2Uqv1 2.300.6,5.10 17.2.10 2
Gii:
Hiu in th gia hai mt tr ng trc c tnh theo cng thc:
Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn
R2
V1 V2 = Edr =
R1
ln 2
2 0 R 1
2 0 (V1 V2 )
R
ln 2
R1
2. .1.8,86.10 12.50
0,23.10 8 (C / m )
10
ln
3
0,23.10 8
E=
=
635(V / m )
2 0 rtb 2 .1.8,86.10 12.6,5.10 2
Gii:
Xt mt Gaox ng tm vi khi cu bn knh r (r < a). Do tnh i xng nn in trng
trn mt ny l nh nhau v vung gc vi mt cu. Theo nh l Otstrogratxki-Gaox:
E.4r 2 =
q
0
.
=
4 3
r
3
E=
r
3 0
T , ta c:
a
Va / 2 Va =
Edr =
a/2
r
r2 a
3a 2 a 2
dr
=
=
=
.
a / 2 3 0
3 0 2 a / 2 3 0 8
8 0
a
1-39. Ngi ta t mt hiu in th U = 450V gia hai hnh tr di ng trc bng kim
loi mng bn knh r1 = 3cm, r2 = 10cm. Tnh:
1. in tch trn mt n v chiu di ca hnh tr.
2. Mt in mt trn mi hnh tr.
3. Cng in trng gn st mt hnh tr trong, trung im ca khong cch gia
hai hnh tr v gn st mt hnh tr ngoi.
Gii:
1. Hiu in th gia hai hnh tr c tnh theo cng thc:
U=
R
ln 2
2 0 R1
2 0U
2. .1.8,86.1012.450
=
0,207.10 7 (C / m )
ln (R2 / R1 )
ln (10 / 3)
q = L = .S = .2r.L
0,207.10 7
=
1,1.10 7 (C / m 2 ) ;
2
2r1 2 .3.10
2 =
2r
0,207.107
=
3,3.10 8` (C / m 2 )
2
2r2 2 .10.10
U
=
2 0 r r ln (R2 / R1 )
+ gn st mt tr trong:
E=
450
12500(V / m )
3.10 . ln (10 / 3)
E=
450
5750(V / m )
6,5.10 . ln (10 / 3)
+ gn st mt tr ngoi:
E=
450
3750(V / m )
0,1. ln (10 / 3)
Chng 2: Vt dn T in
2-1. Cho hai mt cu kim loi ng tm bn knh R1 = 4cm, R2 = 2cm mang in tch
Q1 = -(2/3).10-9 C, Q2 = 3.10-9C. Tnh cng in trng v in th ti nhng im
cch tm mt cu nhng khong bng 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm.
Gii:
Cng in trng bn trong mt cu kim loi tch in q bng khng cn bn ngoi
ging nh cng in trng do mt in tch im q t ti tm cu gy ra:
Etrong = 0;
Engoai =
q
4 0 r 2
q
4 0 R
Vngoai =
q
4 0 r
1cm
2cm
3cm
4cm
5cm
E1 (V/m)
-3742
-2395
E2 (V/m)
67362
29938
16841
10778
E (V/m)
67362
29938
13099
8383
1cm
2cm
3cm
4cm
5cm
V1 (V)
-150
-150
-150
-150
-120
V2 (V)
1350
1350
900
675
540
V (V)
1200
1200
750
525
420
Gii:
in th ca qu cu kim loi bn knh R c tnh theo cng thc:
V=
vi:
q
4 0 R
q = S = .4R 2
V=
.4R 2 R
=
4 0 R 0
0 V 1.8,86.10 12.300
=
2,66.10 8 C / m 2
R
0,1
2-3. Hai qu cu kim loi bn knh r bng nhau v bng 2,5cm t cch nhau 1m, in th
ca mt qu cu l 1200V, ca qu cu kia l -1200V. Tnh in tch ca mi qu cu.
Gii:
p dng nguyn l cng in th, ta c:
V1 = V11 + V21 =
V2 = V21 + V22 =
q1
4 0 r
q2
4 0 (a r )
q1
q2
+
4 0 (a r ) 4 0 r
1
4 o
9.10 9 ta nhn c:
q1=3,42.10-9C; q2=-3,42.10-9C
2-4. Hai qu cu kim loi c bn knh v khi lng nh nhau: R = 1cm, m = 4.10-5kg c
treo u hai si dy c chiu di bng nhau sao cho mt ngoi ca chng tip xc vi
nhau. Sau khi truyn in tch cho cc qu cu, chng y nhau v cc dy treo lch mt
gc no so vi phng thng ng. Sc cng ca si dy khi l T = 4,9.10-4N.
Gii:
T
2
F
Sau khi truyn in tch cho hai qu cu, chng s nhn c in tch q nh nhau no .
T hnh v, ta c:
P mg 4.10 5.9,8
cos = =
=
= 0,8
T
T
4,9.10 4
36,90
Mt khc:
F = T . sin =
q2
4 0 x
q = 4 0Tx 2 sin
V1 = V11 + V12 =
V1
q
4 0 R
q
q.x
=
4 0 (x R ) 4 0 R (x R )
2,1.10 8.0,12
=
21300(V )
4. .1.8,86.10 12.10 2.11.10 2
Gii:
V hai qu cu c ni vi nhau bng mt si dy dn in nn chng c cng in th V:
q1 = C1V = 4 0 r1V ;
Mt khc:
q2 = C2V = 4 0 r2V
Q = q1 + q2 = 4 0 (r1 + r2 )V
V=
Q
13.10 8
=
9000(V )
4 0 (r1 + r2 ) 4 .1.8,86.1012.(8 + 5).10 2
q1 =
Q.r1
13.10 8.8
=
= 8.10 8 (C );
r1 + r2
5+8
q2 =
Qr2
13.10 8.5
=
= 5.10 8 (C )
r1 + r2
5+8
Gii:
Do hin tng hng ng in, nn trn qu cu xut hin cc in tch: in tch q1 cng
du vi q xut hin trn phn mt cu gn in tch q v in tch q2 tri du q xut hin trn
phn mt cu bn kia. Do qu cu trung ho in nn ln ca cc in tch ny l nh
nhau. Nhng do khong cch t q n q1 nh hn ti q2 nn lc ht c ln mnh hn lc
y. V vy, q b ht li gn qu cu.
Nu qu cu c ni vi t, in th trn mt cu tr thnh bng 0. Do q gy ra mt
in th V trn mt cu nn trn mt cu phi c mt in tch q3 tri du vi q in th
tng cng trn mt cu bng 0. Do , khi qu cu c ni t, q cng b ht li gn qu
cu.
Gii:
E1
E2
Do tnh cht ca kim loi, khi t trc tm kim loi mt in tch q, trn mt tm s xut
hin cc in tch cm ng sao cho in trng bn trong tm kim loi bng 0. Xt ti
mt im cch q mt khong r nm trn mt tm.
+ in trng E1 do q gy ra ti A:
E1 =
q
4 0 r 2
q
4 0 r
a
r
E 2 .2S =
Vy: =
E2 =
0
2 0
aq
2r 3
max =
q
2a 2
Gii:
in dung ca qu cu:
C = 4 0 R = 4. .1.8,86.10 12.1 1,1.10 10 (F )
in th ca qu cu:
q = CV
q
10 6
V = =
9.103 (V )
10
C 1,1.10
4,5.10 3 ( J )
2-9. Tnh in dung ca Tri t, bit bn knh Tri t l R = 6400km. Tnh bin thin
in th ca Tri t nu tch thm cho n 1C.
Gii:
in dung ca Tri t l:
C = 4 0 R = 4 .1.8,86.10 12.6,4.106 7,1.10 4 (F )
Ta c:
Q = CV
V =
Q
C
V =
Q
1
=
1400(V )
C
7,1.10 4
Gii:
Cng ca lc in trng d chuyn thnh ng nng ca electron:
A=
Ta c:
mv 2
2
dA = qdU = qEdx
vi E =
U0
(Xem bi 1-39)
x. ln (R / r )
l2
qU 0
qU 0 . ln (l2 / l1 ) mv 2
A=
dx =
=
x ln (R / r )
ln (R / r )
2
l1
v=
2qU 0 ln (l2 / l1 )
=
m ln (R / r )
2.1,6.1019.2300. ln (3 / 2,5)
1,3.107 (m / s )
31
9,1.10 . ln (3,5 / 1,5)
Gii:
in trng sinh ra gia hai bn t ch do bn t trong gy ra:
Mt khc:
E=
q = CU =
E=
q
4 0 x 2
4 0 rR
U
(R r )
4 0 rR
UrR
3000.10 2.4.10 2
U= 2
=
4,45.10 4 (V / m )
2
2
4 0 x (R r )
x (R r )
3.10 .3.10
1
.
2
Gii:
Cng ca lc in trng d chuyn thnh ng nng ca electron:
A=
Ta c:
mv 2
2
dA = qdU = qEdx
vi E =
U 0 R1R2
(Xem bi 2-11)
x (R2 R1 )
2
r2
qU 0 R 1 R 2
qU 0 R 1R 2 1 1 mv 2
A = 2
dx =
. =
(R 2 R 1 ) r2 r1 2
x (R 2 R 1 )
r
1
v=
2qU 0 R 1 R 2 r1 r2
.
m(R 2 R 1 ) r1r2
Gii:
q2
W1 =
Gm1m2 G.P 2
W2 =
=
(m1=m2)
r
r .g 2
4 0 r
Theo u bi, ta c:
k=
q=
W1
q2
rg 2
q2 g 2
=
.
=
W2 4 0 r GP 2 4 0GP 2
4 0 kGP 2
=
g2
4 .1.8,86.1012.106.6,67.10 11.0,04
1,76.10 9 (C )
2
9,81
2-14. Tnh in dung tng ng ca h cc t in C1, C2, C3. Cho bit in dung ca mi
t in bng 0,5F trong hai trng hp: 1) Mc theo hnh 2-3; 2) Mc theo hnh 2-4.
D
C2
C1
C1
D
C3
C3
C2
Hnh 2-3
Hnh 2-4
Gii:
+ in dung tng ng ca h hai t in mc ni tip: C =
C1C2
C1 + C2
C=
C1C2
0,5.0,5
+ C3 =
+ 0,5 = 0,75(F )
C1 + C2
0,5 + 0,5
C=
(C1 + C2 )C3
(0,5 + 0,5)0,5
=
0,33(F )
(C1 + C2 ) + C3 (0,5 + 0,5) + 0,5
D
C1
B
C2
Hnh 2-5
Gii:
Gi q l in tch trn cc t in, ta c:
q = CU =
C1C2
U
C1 + C2
Mt khc:
q = C1U1;
C1 U 1 =
U1 =
Tng t:
q2 = C2U 2
C1C 2
U
C1 + C 2
C2 U
4.6
=
= 4(V )
C1 + C 2 2 + 4
C1U
2 .6
=
= 2(V )
C1 + C2 2 + 4
U2 =
Gii:
Trong cch mc th 1: (C1 // C3) nt (C2 // C4)
(C1 + C3 )(C2 + C4 )
C '1 =
C1 + C2 + C3 + C4
C '2 =
C1C2
CC
+ 3 4
C1 + C2 C3 + C4
t k1 =
(C1 + C3 )(C2 + C4 ) =
C1 + C2 + C3 + C4
C1C2
CC
+ 3 4
C1 + C2 C3 + C4
C1
C
; k2 = 3 , ta c:
C2
C4
k1
k
C2 + 2 C4
k1 + 1
k2 + 1
k +1
k +1
k 1C 22 + (k 1 + k 2 )C 2 C 4 + k 2 C 24 = k 1C 22 + 2
k1 + 1
k 2 C 2 C 4 + k 2 C 24
k2 +1
k1 + 1
k1
k 12 + k 1 = k 22 + k 2
k1 = k 2
C1 C3
=
C2 C4
k2 +1
k +1
k1 = 1
k2 k2
k1 + 1
k2 +1
k1 k 2
k k2
k1 = 1
k2
k2 +1
k1 + 1
(k 1 k 2 )(k 1 + k 2 + 1) = 0
(do k 1 > 0, k 2 > 0)
Gii:
in tch trn cc t in trc khi ni vi nhau l:
q1 = C1U1;
q2 = C2U 2
C1 (U1 U ) = C 2 (U U 2 )
C2 =
U1 U
100 80
C1 =
20 = 10(F)
U U2
80 40
Gii:
Hiu in th gia hai bn ca t in trc khi phng in:
U=
q
10 3
=
= 500(V )
C 2.10 6
( )
q2
10 3
Q =W =
=
= 0,25( J )
2C 2.2.10 6
Gii:
M
U2
U1
C1
C2
O
Hnh 2-8
q2 = C2U 2
U=
C1U1 + C2U 2
C1 + C2
W1 =
C1U12 C2U 22
+
2
2
v sau khi ni l:
W2 =
C1 U12 C 2 U 22 (C1 U1 + C 2 U 2 )
C C (U U 2 )
+
= 1 2 1
2
2
2(C1 + C 2 )
2(C1 + C 2 )
2
Q = W1 W2 =
Chng 3: in mi
3-1. Xc nh mt in tch lin kt trn mt mt tm mica dy 0,02cm t vo gia v p
vo hai bn ca mt t in phng c tch n hiu in th U = 400V.
Gii:
Ta c: = Pn trong Pn = Dn 0 En .
Trong khong khng gian gia hai bn t in phng, in trng l u v vung gc vi
hai bn t. Ta c:
En = E =
U
;
d
Dn = D = 0 E
= D 0 E = ( 1) 0 E = ( 1) 0
= (7,5 1)8,86.10 12
U
d
400
= 1,15.10 4 (C / m 2 )
4
2.10
Gii:
E
= Pn = ( 1) 0 En = ( 1) 0 E. cos =
( 1) 0 Eh
R
2r.dh
= 2R.dh
sin
4 0 r 2 + h 2
dE h =
h
4 0 R
E = dE h
E=
E=
3/ 2
.dQ
.2 .( 1) 0 Eh.dh =
( 1)E
=
2R
( 1)E h 2 dh
2R 3
h dh
2
( 1)E h3
2R
R
3 R
( 1)E
3
Gii:
1. Cng in trng trong cht in mi:
E=
U
1200
=
= 3.105 (V / m )
3
d 4.10
2. Mt in mt trn hai bn t in
E=
3-4. Cho mt t in phng, mi trng gia hai bn ban u l khng kh (1 = 1), din tch
mi bn l 0,01m2, khong cch gia hai bn l 0,5cm, hai bn c ni vi hiu in
th 300V. Sau b ngun i ri lp y khong khng gian gia hai bn bng cht
in mi c 2 = 3.
1. Tnh hiu in th gia hai bn t in sau khi lp y in mi.
2. Tnh in tch trn mi bn.
Gii:
in dung ca t in c xc nh theo cng thc:
C=
0 S
d
Q = C1U1 =
1 0 S
d
U1 =
1.8,86.10 12.10 2
.300 5,3.10 9 (C )
2
0,5.10
Q 1 0 SU1 d
U 1.300
=
.
= 1 1=
= 100(V )
C2
d
2 0 S
2
3
3-5. Cho mt t in phng, khong cch gia hai bn l 0,01m. Gia hai bn y du c
hng s in mi = 4,5. Hi cn phi t vo cc bn mt hiu in th bng bao
nhiu mt in tch lin kt trn du bng 6,2.10-10C/cm2.
Gii:
Mt in tch lin kt:
Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn
' = ( 1) 0 E = ( 1) 0
U=
U
d
d '
0,01.6,2.10 6
=
2000(V )
( 1) 0 3,5.8,86.1012
Gii:
Gi lc tng tc gia hai bn t in l F. Cng dch chuyn hai bn t in li st nhau
v tr s ng bng nng lng ca t in:
Fd =
Q2 2S 2 d
=
.
2C
2 0 S
2 0 F
S
Mt khc, ta li c:
= 0 E;
' = ( 1) 0 E
1
1 2 0 F 5 2.6.8,86.1012.4,9.10 3
=
6.10 6 (C / m 2 )
'=
=
2
S
6
10
Hnh3-2
Gii:
Coi t in nh mt h hai t in mc song song m mi t in c cc bn l na mt
cu. in dung ca mi t c tnh theo cng thc:
C=
2 0 Rr
Rr
in dung ca h l:
C = C1 + C 2 =
2 0 Rr 2 0 Rr 2 ( + 1) 0 Rr
+
=
Rr
Rr
Rr
Gii:
Coi t in nh ba t in mc ni tip vi cc in dung:
C1 =
0 S
d1
C2 =
0S
d2
C3 =
0S
d3
1 1
1
1
1 d1
1 d1
=
+
+
=
+ d 2 + d3 =
+ d d1
C C1 C2 C3 0 S
0S
C=
0 S
d + (1 )d1
Gii:
in dung ca h trc khi lp l:
C1 =
C.C
C
=
C +C 2
C.(C )
.C
=
C + (C ) + 1
thay i in dung ca h l:
C = C2 C1 =
.C C
1
2 1
=
C=
.10 6 1,7.10 7 (F )
2(2 + 1)
+ 1 2 2( + 1)
+ Vi r < R: E.4r 2 =
+ Vi r > R: E.4r 2 =
qr
0
q
q
r
qr
.(4 / 3) .r 3
.
E =
=
3
0
(4 / 3)R 3 0 4 0 R 3
E =
q
4 0 r 2
1
w = 0 E 2
2
R
qr
1
q2
q2 r 5
2
4
W1 = 0 .
.
4
r
dr
=
r
dr
=
3
2
8 0 R 6 0
8 0 R 6 5
4 0 R
0
R
R
=
0
q2
40 0 R
1
q
q2
1
q2
2
W2 = 0 .
.
4
r
dr
=
dr
=
2
2
8 0 R r 2
8 0
4 0 r
R
1
r
=
R
q2
8 0 R
3-11. Vct cm ng in D qua mt phn cch gia hai cht in mi khc nhau, s i
hng (hnh 3-3). Tm quy lut ca s i hng .
N
D1
1
p
O
2 D
2
Hnh 3-3
Gii:
Chia vct cm ng in thnh hai thnh phn: thnh phn hng dc theo php tuyn
Dn v thnh phn hng dc theo mt ngn cch gia hai mi trng Dt .
+ Xt thnh phn tip tuyn Dt : Do theo phng ngang, in trng khng b nh hng
bi cc in tch cm ng, nn:
Et1 = Et 2
Dt1
1 0
Dt 2
2 0
Dt1 1
=
Dt 2 2
Khi ta c:
tg1 Dt1 Dn 2 1
=
.
=
tg 2 Dn1 Dt 2 2
Chng4: T trng
Gii:
S dng cng thc cng t trng cho dng in thng di v hn:
H=
I
2r
5
39,8( A / m )
2 .2.10 2
Hnh 4-7
Gii:
Dng I1 gy ra ti M t trng H1 hng t pha sau ra pha trc trang giy c ln l:
H1 =
I1
5
=
79,6( A / m )
2 .MA 2 .10 2
I2
5
=
26,5( A / m )
2 .MB 2 .3.10 2
(79,6)2 + (26,5)2
84( A / m )
H 2 26,5 1
=
= 180 25'
H1 79,6 3
4-3. Hnh 4-8 v mt ct vung gc ca hai dng in thng song song di v hn ngc
chiu nhau. Khong cch gia hai dng in AB = 10cm. Cng ca cc dng in
ln lt bng I1 = 20A, I2 = 30A. Xc nh vect cng t trng tng hp ti cc
im M1, M2, M3. Cho bit M1A = 2cm, AM2 = 4cm, BM3 = 3cm.
I1
M1 A
I2
M2
M3
Hnh 4-8
Gii:
T trng do I1 v I2 gy ra cng chiu ti M2 v ngc chiu ti M1 v M2.
+ Ti M1:
H1 =
I1
I2
20
30
120( A / m )
2
2 . AM 1 2 .BM 1 2 .2.10
2 .12.10 2
H2 =
I1
I2
20
30
+
=
+
160( A / m )
2
2 . AM 2 2 .BM 2 2 .4.10
2 .6.10 2
H3 =
I2
I1
30
20
135( A / m )
2
2 . AM 3 2 .BM 3 2 .3.10
2 .13.10 2
I1
I2
I3
Hnh 4-9
Gii:
Xt im M nm trn AC. Gi H1 , H 2 v H 3 l cc cng t trng do I1, I2 v I3 gy
ra ti M. D dng nhn thy chng cng phng cng chiu trn on BC, nn im M c
cng t trng tng hp bng khng ch c th nm trn AB (do ta ch xt M nm trn
AC). t x = AM. Ta c: H 2 ngc chiu vi H1 v H 3 nn:
H = H1 + H 3 H 2 =
I
2 .x
2I
I
+
=0
2 (l1 x) 2 (l2 x)
1
1
2
+
=0
x 5 x 10 x
(x 2 15x + 50) (10x x 2 ) + 2(5x x 2 ) = 0
x (x 5)(x 10 )
50 15x = 0
50
3,3(cm )
x=
15
I1
M2
M1
A
I2
Hnh 4-10
Gii:
Cc dng I1 v I2 gy ra ti M1 v M2 cc vect cng t trng hng theo phng
vung gc vi mt phng hnh v, cng chiu ti M2 v ngc chiu ti M1.
+ Ti M1:
H1 =
I1
I2
1 2
3
=
2
8( A / m )
2 . AM 1 2 .BM 1 2 10
2.10 2
I1
I2
1 2
3
+
=
2 +
56( A / m )
2 . AM 2 2 .CM 2 2 10
2.10 2
Vect cng t trng hng theo phng vung gc vi mt phng hnh v theo chiu
hng v pha trc.
4-6. Tm cng t trng gy ra ti im M bi mt on dy dn thng AB c dng in
I = 20A chy qua, bit rng im M nm trn trung trc ca AB, cch AB 5cm v nhn
AB di gc 600.
Gii:
) (
H=
(do 1 = ; 2 = 1800 )
4-7. Mt dy dn c un thnh hnh ch nht, c cc cnh a = 16cm, b= 30cm, c dng
in cng I = 6A chy qua. Xc nh vect cng t trng ti tm ca khung
dy.
Gii:
Bn phn dy dn to nn bn canh ca hnh ch nht to ra cc t trng cng phng,
a
+
b
4 .
2
I
a
.
2
b a + b 2
Tng t:
H2 = H4 =
Vy:
H = H1 + H 2 + H 3 + H 4 =
Thay s:
H=
2
2
a b 2I a + b
+
=
ab
a 2 + b2 b a
2I
Gii:
Ta nhn thy mi cnh tam gic to ra ti tm ca tam gic mt t trng cng ln,
cng phng chiu. Gi khong cch t ti tm tam gic ti mt cnh l x, ta d dng c
c:
1a 3 a 3
=
;
3 2
6
x=
cos 1 = cos 2 =
a/2
=
r
a
2 x2 +
a2
4
=
2
a2 a2
+
12 4
1
3
=
2
16
2.
12
)
)
4-9. Mt dy dn c un thnh hnh thang cn, c dng in cng I = 6,28A chy qua
(hnh 4-11). T s chiu di hai y bng 2. Tm cm ng t ti im A giao im ca
ng ko di 2 cnh bn. Cho bit: y b ca hnh thang l = 20cm, khong cch t A
ti y b b = 5cm.
E
B
l
C
A
b
Hnh 4-11
Gii:
Theo nh lut Bi-Xava-Laplatx:
0 I.dl r
dB =
.
4
r3
ta thy, in trng do phn t dng in khng gy ra ti im nm trn trc ca n (dB = 0
do dl r = 0 ).
Cc cnh CD v BE khng sinh ra t trng ti A. Cc cnh BC v DE sinh ra ti A cc t
trng hng theo phng vung gc vi mt phng hnh v nhng ngc chiu.
B = B BC B DE =
B=
4 .b
4 .2b
0 I.l 2
I.2 cos 0 I
l/2
=
. 2
=
4 .2b
4b l
4b l 2 + 4b 2
+ b2
4
Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn
B=
1.4 .107.6,28.0,2 2
4 .5.10
0,2 + 4.(5.10
2
2 2
2,24.10 6 (T )
Gii:
a) T trng trn trc dy dn bng 0, nn t trng ti A ch do mt cnh gc vung gy
ra:
I . cos 0 cos
2 20.(1 0 )
HA =
=
79,8( A / m )
4R
4 .2.10 2
I cos 0 cos
4
HB =
4R 1
I cos cos
4
+
4R 2
2
20.
20.1 +
2 + 1
2
77,3(A / m )
HB =
+
0,1
0,1
4
4
2
2
4-11. Mt dy dn di v hn c un thnh mt gc 560. Cng dng in chy qua
dy dn I = 30A. Tm cng t trng ti im A nm trn phn gic ca gc v cch
nh gc mt on a = 5cm (hnh 4-13).
Hnh 4-13
Gii:
T trng do hai cnh ca gc nhn gy ra ti A cng phng v cng chiu:
H=
H=
Gii:
Gi H0 l cng t trng do mt cnh a gic c dng in cng I chy qua gy ra
ti tm a gic. Do tnh i xng, nn t trng ti tm a gic s bng:
H = nH 0 ,
vi n l s cnh ca a gic.
p dng cng thc tnh cng t trng cho on dy dn thng hu hn, ta thu c:
H0 =
I (cos 1 cos 2 )
4a
D thy: a = R cos ; 1 = ; 2 = +
n
Vy:
I cos cos +
I .2 sin
2
n
2
n
=
n = I .tg
H0 =
2R n
4R cos
4R cos
n
n
B = 0 H =
0 nI
tg
2R
n
Khi cho n , ta c:
B = lim
( / n ) 0
0 I tg ( / n ) 0 I
.
=
2R
/n
2R
Gii:
dB1
A
dB
dB2
h
I
dl
0 IR
4 R 2 + h 2
3/ 2
.2R =
0 I .dl R 0 IR
. =
dl
4 r 2 r 4r 3
0 IR 2
2 R2 + h2
3/ 2
+ Cm ng t ti tm O (h = 0):
BO =
0 IR 2
2R3
0 I
2R
4. .10 7.1
6,3.10 6 (T )
2.0,1
0 IR 2
2
2 R +h
2 3/ 2
4. .10 7.1.0,12
2 3/ 2
2 0,1 + 0,1
2,3.10 6 (T )
M E
O
A
Hnh 4-14
Gii:
Ta thy, do cc dy ni hoc l rt xa hoc l nm theo phng i qua tm O nn t
trng tng hp do cc dy ni gy ra ti O l bng khng. Gi H1 v H2 ln lt l t trng
do hai on dy AMB v ANB gy ra ti O. Hai t trng ny cng phng ngc chiu. Do
:
H = H1 H 2 =
=
trong :
I1 l1
I l
l U
l
U
.
2. 2 = 12
22
r 2r r 2r 2r R 1 2r R 2
Ul1
Ul2
US
US
=0
2
2
2r .(l1 / S) 2r .(l 2 / S) 2r
2r 2
2
Gii:
Ta c:
H=
vi:
I
1 U
U
US
US
= . =
=
=
2r 2r R 2r.(l / S ) 2r. .2r 4r 2
Vy: Mun cng t trng H khng i khi bn knh vng dy r tng ln 2 ln th hiu
in th gia hai u dy phi tng ln 22 = 4 ln.
4-16. Hai vng dy dn trn c tm trng nhau v c t sao cho trc ca chng vung
gc vi nhau. Bn knh mi vng dy bng R = 2cm. Dng in chy qua chng c
cng I1 = I2 = 5A. Tm cng t trng ti tm ca chng.
Gii:
Do hai vng dy c cng bn knh vng dy, cng cng dng in nn chng gy ra
ti tm O cc t trng c ln nh nhau:
H1 = H 2 =
I
5
=
= 125( A / m )
2 R 2.2.10 2
4-17. Hai vng dy dn ging nhau bn knh R = 10cm c t song song, trc trng nhau
v mt phng ca chng cch nhau mt on a = 20cm. Tm cm ng t ti tm ca mi
vng dy v ti im gia ca on thng ni tm ca chng trong hai trng hp:
a) Cc dng in chy trn cc vng dy bng nhau (I1 = I2 = 3A) v cng chiu.
Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn
b) Cc dng in chy trn cc vng dy bng nhau (I1 = I2 = 3A) nhng ngc chiu.
Gii:
S dng kt qu ca bi 4-13, ta c, cm ng t do vng dy gy ra ti im nm trn trc
ca vng dy bn knh R cch tm vng mt on h c ln l:
B=
0 IR 2
2 R2 + h2
3/ 2
0 I 1
4 .10 7.3 1
0,12
=
+
=
+
2
2
2 R R 2 + a 2 3 / 2
2
0,1 0,1 + 0,2
R2
5
(T )
3 / 2 2,1.10
0 IR 2
a
2 R 2 +
4
3/ 2
4 .10 7.3.0,12
2 0,2
0,1 +
4
3/ 2
1,35.10 5 (T )
4 .10 7.3 1
0,12
5
=
BO1 = BO2 =
2
1,7.10 (T )
3
/
2
3
/
2
2
2
2
2 R R + a
2
nhng cc vect BO1 v BO2 ngc chiu nhau: BO1 cng chiu vi B1 ; BO2 cng chiu vi B2
R2
0 IR 2
a2
2 R 2 +
4
3/ 2
0 IR 2
a2
2 R 2 +
4
3/ 2
=0
Gii:
Chia ng xon c thnh nhng on dy rt nh. Xt mt on dl rt ngn trn vng dy
nm cch tm ng xon c mt on r v c ni vi tm ng xon c bng hai on
dy thng. Khi :
d .r 2
dpm = I .dS = I .
;
2
Mt khc:
dr = k .d =
r = k .
dpm =
dH =
NIr 2
R
dH =
dr ;
I .dl I .d
=
4r 2
4r
R
d
2 .N
NI
dr
2 Rr
Pm = dp m =
NIr 2
d/2
H = dH =
H=
dr =
NI r 3
R 3
d/2
NIR 2
3
.100.10 2.0,03 2
3
10 3 (A.m 2 )
R
NI
NI
NI R
[
]
dr
=
ln
r
d / 2 2Rr 2R d / 2 = 2R ln d / 2
100.10 2 0,03
ln
90(A / m )
2.0,03 1,5.10 4
Gii:
z
H r M
r dV
O
+ Mmen ng lng ca qu cu l:
L = I =
2
mR 2
5
trong :
+ =
. .dV .S
2
q
l mt in tch ca qu cu
4 3
R
3
+ dV = r 2 cos .dr.d .d
+ S = r '2 = r 2 cos 2
Do cc vect mmen t ca cc phn t khc nhau u nm trn trc quay nn mmen t
ca ton b qu cu bng:
R
/2
q
3q
Pm = dp m =
.
.r 2 cos 2 .dV =
. r 4 dr cos 3 .d d
3
4
2
8R 0
/ 2
0
R 3
3
/2
3q
=
. r 4 dr (1 sin 2 ).d(sin ) d
3
8R 0
/ 2
0
Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn
/2
R
2
3q r 5
sin 3
[
]
=
.
.
sin
.
0
8R 3 5
3
/2
0
3q R 5 4
qR 2
=
. . .2 =
8R 3 5 3
5
Suy ra t s:
3q R 5 4
qR 2
=
. . .2 =
8R 3 5 3
5
Pm qR 2
5
q
=
.
=
.
2
L
5 2mR 2m
I
r
B
Hnh 4-15
Gii:
Chia khung thnh cc di nh song song vi dng in thng. Xt di cch dng in mt
on x c din tch dS = l.dx. T ta tnh c t thng do dng in gi qua khung dy:
= B.dS = B.dS
abcd
abcd
r +l
r + l 0 Il r + l
0 I
0 Il
[
]
.
l
.
dx
=
ln
l
=
ln
r 2x
r
2
2 r
4 .10 7.30.0,02 1 + 2
7
=
ln
1,32.10 (Wb )
2
1
4-21. Cho mt khung dy phng din tch 16cm2 quay trong mt t trng u vi vn tc
2 vng/s. Trc quay nm trong mt phng ca khung v vung gc vi cc ng sc t
trng. Cng t trng bng 7,96.104 A/m. Tm:
a) S ph thuc ca t thng gi qua khung dy theo thi gian.
b) Gi tr ln nht ca t thng .
Gii:
Ta c:
= BS . cos
Vy:
vi tn s gc = 2n = 4 (rad / s )
Gi tr ln nht ca t thng:
0 = 0 HS = 4 .107.7,96.104.16.104 1,6.104 (Wb )
Gii:
Ta c t thng qut bi thanh sau mt vng quay l t thng gi qua din tch hnh trn
tm ti trc quay, bn knh l v vung gc vi ng sc t:
= BS . cos = B.l 2 . cos
= 0,05. .12. cos 0 0,16(Wb )
4-23. Cho mt dng in I = 5A chy qua mt dy dn c hnh tr, bn knh tit din
thng gc R = 2cm. Tnh cng t trng ti hai im M1 v M2 cch trc ca dy
ln lt l r1 = 1cm, r2 = 5cm.
Gii:
Chn ng cong kn l ng trn c tm nm trn trc dy dn, bn knh r. p dng
nh l v lu s ca t trng (nh l Ampe):
n
H
.dl = I i
i =1
H .2r = I i
tip tuyn vi C. Do :
i =1
I
Ir 2
2
.
r
=
R 2
R2
H=
Ir
2R 2
b) Vi cc im nm bn ngoi dy dn:
H .2r = I
+ Vi r1 = 1cm: H1 =
Vi r2 = 5cm: H 2 =
H=
5.102
2 . 2.10 2
I
2r
20( A / m )
5
16( A / m )
2 .5.10 2
Gii:
L lun tng t bi 4-23, ta c: B =
0 n
Ii
2r i =1
Vi r > R2 :
B=
0
.(I I ) = 0
2r
B=
4 .10 7.10
0
I=
= 10 4 (T )
2r
2 .2.10 2
= B.dS =
R2
0I
2r .l.dr =
R1
0 Il R 2
. ln
2
R
1
4 .107.10.1 50
ln 7,8.10 6 (Wb )
=
2
1
4-25. Cho mt ng dy in thng di 30cm, gm 1000 vng dy. Tm cng t trng
bn trong ng dy nu cng dng in chy qua ng dy bng 2A. Coi ng knh
ca ng dy rt nh so vi chiu di ca ng.
Gii:
Ta c th coi ng dy l di v hn, nn t trng bn trong ng dy l u v c tnh
theo cng thc:
H = nI =
NI 1000.2
=
6,7.103 ( A / m )
l
0,3
Gii:
Do cc vng dy c qun st nhau, nn chiu di ng dy c th tnh bng:
l = Nd
NI NI I
1
=
= =
= 1250( A / m )
l
Nd d 8.10 4
Gii:
d2
d1
0 IS
2 R 2 + x 2
3/ 2
0 ISn
2 R 2 + x 2
3/ 2
dx
B=
d 2
0 ISn
2 (R 2 + x 2 )
3/ 2
0 ISnx
dx =
2
2
2
2R R + x
d1
d1
B=
d 2
B=
d1
0 ISnx
dx =
3/ 2
2
2
2
2 (R 2 + x 2 )
2R R + x d
0 ISn
d1
d2
0 ISn
+
2
2
2
2R R + d1
R 2 + d 22
Do S = R 2 ;
d1
2
2
1
R +d
B=
= cos1;
d2
2
R + d 22
= cos 2 , ta c:
1
0 nI (cos 1 + cos 2 )
2
Ti tm ng dy (d1 = d2 = l/2):
B = 0 nI
D2
1 2
nI
0
1 + D2 / l 2
2l
1
do
D2
1
l2
+ Vi ng dy di v hn, cm ng t bn trong ng dy l:
B = 0 nI
Sai s mc phi l: B =
B B D 2
= 2
B
2l
B khng vt qu 1% th:
D2
l
1
1%
7,1
2
2l
D
0,02
Gii:
Theo cng thc ca lc t:
F = I .l B
Gii:
Chia dy dn thnh cc on dy c chiu di dl rt nh. Ta c:
dF = I .dl B
Lc tng hp tc dng ln dy dn l:
F = dF = I . dl B = I dl B = I .l B
) ( )
2s
sin = 0,1.20.2.
0,63
Gii:
Theo kt qu bi 4-29, lc tc dng ln na vng dy l:
F=
2 BIs
2 BP IR = 2
Pd 2
BP =
Pd 2
4 IR
2,3.108. . 0,1.10 3
1,8.10 4 (T )
3
3
4.10.10 .10.10
Hnh 4-16
Gii:
Khi cho dng in chy qua cun dy, cun dy tng ng vi mt nam chm c m
1
pm = NIS = NId 2
4
men t:
P=
0 NnI 2 d 2
4l
1,3.10 7 ( N )
b
a
Hnh 4-17
Gii:
Phn a nm dc theo bn knh ab c dng in chy qua s b t trng tc dng lc v
lm cho a quay. p dng quy tc bn tay tri, ta tm c chiu quay ca a hng theo
chiu kim ng h.
Xt mmen lc t tc dng ln mt on dl dc theo ab:
dM = dF .r = BIl.dl
R
= 12,5.10 4 (N .m )
4-33. Hai cun dy nh ging nhau c t sao cho trc ca chng nm trn cng mt
ng thng. Khong cch gia hai cun dy l = 200mm rt ln so vi kch thc di
ca cc cun dy. S vng trn mi cun dy u bng N = 200 vng, bn knh cc
vng dy R = 10mm. Hi lc tng tc f gia cc cun dy khi cho cng mt dng in
I = 0,1A chy qua chng.
Gii:
Cc cun dy c dng in chy qua s tng tc vi nhau nh cc nam chm. Th nng
ca cun dy 2 trong t trng ca cun 1 c tnh theo cng thc:
Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn
Wt = pm B
trong :
v
pm = NIS = NIR 2
B=
Do :
0 ISN
2 R 2 + l 2
Wt =
3/ 2
0 IN .R 2 0 INR 2
=
2l 3
2l 3
0 N 2 I 2 R 4
2l 3
Do tnh i xng, lc tng tc gia hai cun dy phi hng dc theo trc ca chng v
bng o hm ca th nng dc theo trc :
Gii:
h
I1
I2
0 I1
0 I1
II
a2
F = (B1 B 2 )I 2 a =
I 2 a = 0 1 2 . 2
2 b (a / 2 )2
2 (b a / 2) 2 (b + a / 2)
20 2
F = 2.10 .30.2. 2
= 6.106 (N )
2
30 10
7
0 I1a b + a / 2
. ln
2
b a/2
2.30 + 20
0 I1I 2 a 2b + a
7
ln
3,3.10 7 ( J )
= 4.10 .30.2.0,02. ln
2.30 20
2b a
Gii:
Xt cng cn ca lc t khi ta dch chuyn hai dy dn ang v tr cch nhau mt on r
i mt on nh dr theo phng vung gc vi dy:
0 I 2l
dA = F .dr = BIl.dr =
dr
2r
Vy, cng cn tn l:
A = dA =
2 r0
r0
I=
0 I 2l
I 2l 2r ln 2 2
dr = 0 ln 0 = 0
I l
2r
2
r0
2
2 A
. =
0 ln 2 l
2
5,5.10 5
.
20( A)
4 .10 7. ln 2
1
Gii:
Do t trng l u, cng dng in, vn tc chuyn ng ca dy khng i nn lc
t tc dng ln dy khng i. Cng cn ca lc t l:
A = F .s = BIl.vt = 0,5.2.0,1.0,2.10 = 0,2( J )
Gii:
Cng thc th nng ca khung dy trong t trng l:
Wt = pm .B = NISB cos pm , B = NIabB. cos
Ti v tr 1: = / 2 Wt1 = 0
Ti v tr 2: = / 3 Wt 2 = NIabB.(1 / 2 ) = 400.10 7.0,03.0,02.0,1.0,5 = 1,2.10 9 (J )
Cng ca lc t bng gim th nng:
A = Wt1 Wt 2 = 1,2.10 9 ( J )
4-38. Mt vng dy dn hnh trn bn knh R = 2cm trn c dng in I = 2A, c t sao
cho mt phng ca vng dy vung gc vi ng sc ca mt t trng c cm ng t
Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn
Gii:
Chng ta cn tn mt cng A thng li cng cn ca t trng:
Gii:
Ta c ng nng ca electron thu c l:
Wd =
1 2
mv = eU
2
v=
2eU
m
mv
R =
=
Be
2mU
2.9,1.10 31.1000
=
eB 2
1,6.10 19. 1,19.10 3
9.10 2 (m )
2R 2m
2 .9,1.10 31
=
=
3.10 8 (s )
3
19
v
Be 1,19.10 .1,6.10
L = I = mR 2 .
L=
v
m 2 v 2 2mU
= mvR =
=
R
Be
B
2.9,1.10 31.1000
1,53.10 24 (kg.m 2 / s )
3
1,19.10
4-40. Mt electron sau khi c gia tc bng hiu in th U = 300V th chuyn ng song
song vi mt dy dn thng di v cch dy dn mt khong a = 4mm. Tm lc tc dng
ln electron nu cho dng in I = 5A chy qua dy dn.
Gii:
Cng thc ca lc Loren tc dng ln electron:
F = Bve sin
vi v =
I
2eU
; B = 0 ; = v, B =
m
2r
2
( )
F=
0 Ie 2eU
5.1,6.10 19 2.1,6.10 19.300
= 2.10 7.
.
4,1.10 16 ( N )
2r
m
4.10 3
9,1.10 31
Gii:
Do lc Loren lun vung gc vi phng chuyn ng ca in tch nn gia tc tip tuyn
ca in tch trong t trng lun bng 0.
Gia tc php tuyn ca electron l:
an =
F Bve 10 3.4.107.1,6.10 19
=
=
7.1015 m / s 2
31
m
m
9,1.10
Gii:
Ta c:
1
Wd = mv 2 v =
2
2Wd
=
m
2.500.1,6.10 19
1,55.105 (m / s )
27
4.1,66.10
Lc tc dng ln ht:
F = Bvq = 0,1.1,55.105.2.1,6.10 19 5.10 15 ( N )
Bn knh qu o ca ht:
mv 6,64.10 27.1,55.105
R=
=
3,2.10 2 (m )
19
Bq
0,1.3,2.10
2m 2 .6,64.10 27
=
1,3.10 6 (s )
Bq
0,1.3,2.10 19
Gii:
Ta chia vct vn tc v thnh hai thnh phn: v1 hng dc theo phng t trng v vct
v2 hng vung gc vi phng t trng.
Bn knh ng inh c ch ph thuc vo thnh phn v2:
R=
mv2
BeR 2.103.1,6.10 19.0,02
v2 =
=
7.106 (m / s )
Be
m
9,1.10 31
Vn tc ca electron trn qu o:
v = v12 + v22 =
(7.10 ) + (2,8.10 )
6 2
6 2
7,6.106 (m / s )
Gii:
Vn tc ca eloctron sau khi c gia tc:
2eU
=
m
v=
2.1,6.10 19.6000
4,6.107 (m / s )
9,1.10 31
Bn knh ca ng inh c:
R=
mv mv sin
=
Be
Be
Gii:
Khi cc electron chy trong dy dn t trong t trng, do tc dng ca lc t chng b
ko v cc mt bn ca dy dn v to nn mt hiu in th. Hiu in th ny c chiu cn
cc electron dn tip tc chuyn v mt bn. Khi hiu in th t gi tr n nh, cc
electron khng tip tc chuyn v na, lc t v lc in cn bng ln nhau.
FC = eE =
eU
U 3,1.10 6
= FL = evB v =
=
= 3,1.10 3 (m / s )
3
b
bB
10 .1
n=
(q / e ) =
n=
20.1
8,1.10 28 (m 3 )
6
4
1,6.10 .3,1.10 .5.10
I.t
I
IB
=
=
eab.vt e.abv eUa
19
Gii:
v
B
FC
FL
E
Mun electron khng b lch phng, ta cn t mt t trng sao cho lc Loren tc dng
ln electron trit tiu lc in trng. Trc ht, lc Loren v lc Culng cng phng
ngc chiu, phng chiu ca cm ng t phi t nh hnh v.
ln ca lc Loren v lc Culng bng nhau:
Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn
FC = eE = Bve = FL
B=
E
m
=E
B
v
2W
9,1.10 31
B = 8.10 .
4,2.10 3 (T )
3
19
2.10 .1,6.10
4
Gii:
a) Khi electron chuyn ng dc theo phng chiu ca cc ng sc, lc Loren tc dng
ln n bng 0. in tch ch c thnh phn gia tc tip tuyn do lc in gy ra:
an = 0; a = at =
eE 1,6.10 19.1000
=
1,76.1014 m / s 2
31
m
9,1.10
a t = 0;
2
eE evB
a = an = a + a = +
m m
2
C
a=
2
L
2
1,6.10 19
1000 2 + (105.4 .10 7.8.103 ) 2,5.1014 (m / s 2 )
31
9,1.10
Gii:
Qu o ca electron trong t trng ph thuc vo phng ca cc ng sc t. y, ta
cho rng t trng c phng dc theo phng vn tc v0 ban u ca electron.
Khi bay qua t trng, electron c gia tc theo phng in trng v nhn c vn tc
v1 theo phng c xc nh nh sau:
v1 = at =
Bn knh qu o ca electron:
R=
mv 9,1.10 31.8,8.106
=
5.10 3 (m ) = 5(mm )
2
19
Be
10 .1,6.10
Bc xon ca ng inh c:
h=
Gii:
Ta c:
2
2
=
= 100 (rad / s )
T
0,02
E = ' = B 0S cos t
E max = B0S = 100 .2,5.10 5 7,85.10 3 (V )
E = 7,85.103 cos100t (V )
c) Khung hnh vung c din tch S = 25 cm2, nn cnh ca n di a = 5cm, chu vi ca khung
l = 20 cm.
in tr ca khung l:
R=
l
0,2
= 1,72.10 8 6 = 3,44.10 3 ( )
S0
10
I max =
I=
E max 7,85.10 3
=
2,3(A )
R
3,44.10 3
E
= I max cos t = 2,3 cos100t (A )
R
Gii:
Sut in ng trung bnh xut hin trong ng dy l:
E=
Gii:
T thng do khung dy trn gi qua khung dy nh l:
= N 2 BS . cos
vi B =
N10 I
; = n , B = t
2R
( )
N1 N 2 0 IS
cos t
2R
E = ' =
N1N 2 0 IS
sin t
2R
E max =
E max
5-4. Trong cng mt mt phng vi dng in thng di v hn, cng I = 20A ngi ta
t hai thanh trt (kim loi) song song vi dng in v cch dng in mt khong
x0 = 1cm. Hai thanh trt cch nhau l = 0,5m. Trn hai thanh trt ngi ta lng vo
mt on dy dn di l (hnh 5-2). Tm hiu in th xut hin gia hai u dy dn nu
dy dn trt tnh tin trn cc thanh vi vn tc khng i v = 3m/s.
I
Hnh 5-2
Gii:
Khi on dy chuyn ng trong t trng ca dy dn thng, n ct qua cc ng sc t.
Trn on dy s xut hin sut in ng cm ng E. V dy khng kn nn sut in ng
ny bng hiu in th gia hai u dy. Sau thi gian t, dy i c mt on l = vt, v qut
qua din tch S c t thng l (tnh tng t nh bi 4-20):
=
0 Ivt x0 + l
ln
2
x0
U = E = ' =
0 Iv x0 + l
51
= 2.10 7.20.3. ln 4,7.10 5 (V )
ln
2 x0
1
5-5. Mt my bay bay vi vn tc v = 1500 km/h. Khong cch gia hai u cnh mybay
l = 12m. Tm sut in ng cm ng xut hin gia hai u cnh my bay bit rng
cao ca my bay B = 0,5.10-4T.
Gii:
Coi cnh my bay nh mt on dy dn chuyn ng trong t trng vung gc:
Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn
15.105
= 0,25(V )
3600
Gii:
1
2
Trong khong thi gian dt, thanh qut c din tch l: dS = .dt.l 2
T thng qut bi thanh l:
d = B.dS =
1
Bl 2 .dt
2
1
Bl 2 = 0,5.5.10 2.20.12 = 0,5(V )
2
Gii:
Gi hai u thanh v giao im gia trc quay v thanh ln lt l A, B v O. Tng t bi
5-6, ta c:
U OA =
1
1
2
2
B (l l1 ) ; U OB = B 2l1
2
2
U = U OA U OB =
1
1
2
B (l l1 ) l12 = B. (l 2 2l.l1 )
2
2
B = ( / 2 )lB(l 2l1 )
B = 2 .1,2.10 3 (1,2 2.0,25) 5,3.103 (V )
5-8. Mt a bng ng bn knh r = 5cm c t vung gc vi ng sc ca mt t
trng u c cm ng t B = 0,2T. a quay vi vn tc gc = 3vng/s. Cc im a
v b l nhng ch tip xc trt dng in c th i qua a theo bn knh ab (Hnh
5-3).
a) Tm sut in ng xut hin trong mch.
b) Xc nh chiu ca dng in nu ng sc t trng i t pha trc ra pha sau hnh
v v a quay ngc chiu kim ng h.
b
a
A
R
Hnh 5-3
Gii:
Tng t nh bi 5-6 v 5-7, ta cng c biu thc cho sut in ng trong mch:
E=
1
Br 2 = 0,5.0,2.6 .0,052 4,7.10 3 (V )
2
S dng quy tc bn tay phi, ta tm c chiu dng in cm ng trong mch i theo chiu
t b n a.
Gii:
eEr = m 2 r
m 2
r
e
m 2
m 2 R 2
U = Edr =
r.dr =
e
2e
0
2
2000
2
9,1.10 .
.0,25
60
U=
2.10 9 (V )
19
2.1,6.10
31
1
2000
Br 2 = 0,5.10 2.
.0,252 3,3.10 2 (V )
2
60
Gii:
Ta c:
( )
Hnh 5-4
Gii:
Phn cht lng gia hai in cc khi chuyn ng ging nh mt on dy dn chuyn
ng vi vn tc v ng bng vn tc ca cht lng. V vy, gia cc in cc xut hin mt
sut in ng cm ng. Mt khc, vi cc gi tr ca cng t trng v kch thc ng
c nh, sut in ng cm ng ny t l thun vi vn tc chy ca dng cht lng. Nn
o vn tc dng chy, ngi ta ch cn dng mt vn k nhy o sut in ng cm ng
gia hai in cc ri quy i tng ng ra vn tc chy. Ta c:
EC = Blv
v=
EC
0,25.10 3
= 2
= 0,5(m / s )
Bl 10 .50.10 3
Gii:
Xt trong nhng khong thi gian dt ngn, t thng qua cun dy thay i mt lng
nh d, khi , trong khung xut hin sut in ng cm ng:
E=
d
dt
E
d NS
dB
dt =
=
R
R
R
Vy, in lng tng cng chy qua khung dy khi rt n ra khi t trng l:
q=
NS
B
R
qR 50.2.108.2.103
=
= 0,2T
NS
50.2.10 4
5-13. Gia hai cc ca mt nam chm in ngi ta t mt cun dy nh; trc ca cun
dy v ng ni cc cc nam chm trng nhau. Din tch tit din ngang ca cun dy
S = 3mm2, s vng N = 60. Cun dy c ni kn vi mt in k xung kch. in tr
ca cun dy, in k v cc dy ni R = 40. Khi quay cun dy 1800, in lng tng
cng chy qua cun dy l q = 4,5.10-6C. Xc nh cng t trng gia cc cc nam
chm .
Gii:
L lun tng t bi 5-12, ta c:
B =
qR
qR
20 H =
NS
NS
H=
qR
4,5.10 6.40
=
4.105 ( A / m )
2 0 NS 2.4. .10 7.60.3.10 6
R, L
A
B
R1
Hnh 5-5
Gii:
Ta c:
U AB = U C IR = IR1
R + R1
dI
dI
= I(R + R 1 )
=
dt
dt
I
L
L.
R + R1
t
ln I = ln I 0
L
Ti t = 0:
I = I0 =
I = I 0 .e
R + R1
t
L
U
R
U AB
R
= IR 1 = 1 U.e
R
U AB
1000
=
120.e
200
R + R1
t
L
200+1000
0 , 001
6
490(V )
K
1
R1
Hnh 5-6
Gii:
Ta c: Nhit lng to ra trn cc in tr t l thun vi gi tr in tr, suy ra:
I 2 R1 R1
= 2 =
PR
I R R
PR1
QR1
QR
R1
R
QR1
QR + QR1
R1
R + R1
Nhit lng tng cng to ra trn cc in tr chnh bng nng lng t trng ca cun dy:
1 2 LU 2
Q = QR + QR1 = LI 0 =
2
2R 2
Vy:
QR =
R1 LU 2
2 2.10 6.32
. 2 =
.
= 6.10 6 ( J )
R + R1 2 R
1 + 2 2.12
Gii:
i vi ng dy, ta c:
= BNS = 0
L=
= 0
N
INS
l
N 2S
l
a) ng dy khng c li st:
400 2.9.10 4
L0 = 4 .10 .
9.10 4 (H )
0,2
7
b) ng dy c li st:
L = L0 = 400.9.104 = 0,36(H )
Gii:
T cng thc ca h s t cm:
L = 0
N 2S
= 0 nNS
l
N=
L
=
0 nS
1
.
d
Ld
0,001.0,6.10 3
=
380 (vng)
d 2 2 .10 7.0,04 2
0
4
1
1 + 0,45d / l
Gii:
S dng cng thc d cho:
Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn
L=
1 + 0,45
L=
d
l
0 N 2S
l
0 N 2 d 2
4(l + 0,45d )
1,3.10 3 (H )
Gii:
T thng tng cng gi qua khung bng tng t thng do bn cnh ca khung gi qua din
tch gii hn bi khung. Do chiu rng ca khung nh hn rt nhiu so vi chiu di nn ta
c th b qua phn t thng do hai cnh nh gy ra v c th coi hai cnh cn li to ra t
trng ging nh dy dn thng di v hn.
Xt mt di hnh ch nht chiu di a, chiu rng dx rt nh nm cch dy 1 mt on x.
Do cc vct cm ng t do hai dy gy ra trong di ny l cng chiu nn, ta thu c:
I
0 I
d = (B1 + B2 )dS = 0 +
a.dx
2x 2 (b x )
= d =
br
1
0 Ia 1
0 Ia b r
ln
+
dx =
2 x b x
I
1
r
Gii:
Sut in ng h cm xut hin trong ng dy th hai l:
Eh =
trong :
d M .dI
=
= MI 0. cos t
dt
dt
2
2
=
= 100 (rad / s )
T
0,02
Eh = 15,7 cos100t (V )
Gii:
Khi hai ng dy c ni sao cho t trng do chng gy ra cng chiu, t thng ca
chng gi qua ln nhau c tc dng tng t thng qua khung:
= 1 + 2 + 12 + 21
LI = L1I + L2 I + MI + MI
L = L1 + L2 + 2 M
L ' = L1 + L 2 2 M
= 2(L1 + L 2 ) L
L = 2(3.10 3 + 5.10 3 ) 11.10 3 = 5.10 3 (H )
5-22. Mt dy dn di c ng knh d = 2mm c un thnh hai nhnh bng nhau (hnh
5-7) sao cho khong cch gia cc trc ca chng l a = 3cm. B qua t trng bn
trong dy dn. Cng dng in trn dy I = 3A. Tnh t cm v nng lng ng
vi mi n v di ca h.
Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn
d
a
Hnh 5-7
Gii:
Bng cch tnh tng t nh d s dng trong bi 5-19, chng ta tnh c, t cm ng
vi mi n v chiu di h:
2
d
Nng lng ng vi mi n v chiu di h:
W=
1 2
L.I = 0,5.10 6.32 4,7.10 6 (J )
2
Gii:
Mt nng lng t trng l nng lng trn mt n v th tch c xc nh theo
cng thc:
w=
I=
W (1 / 2 )LI 2
=
V
S .l
2 Slw
=
L
2.2.10 4.0,5.10 3
= 1( A)
2.10 7
5-24. Trn thnh ca mt trc bng ba cng di l = 50 cm, ng knh D = 3cm, ngi ta
qun hai lp dy ng c ng knh d = 1mm. Ni cun dy thu c vi mt ngun
in c sut in ng = 1,4V (hnh 5-8). Hi:
a) Sau thi gian t bng bao nhiu khi o kho t v tr 1 sang v tr 2, dng in trong
cun dy gim i 1000 ln.
b) Nhit lng Jun to ra trong ng dy (sau khi o kho).
c) Nng lng t trng ca ng dy dn trc khi o kho. Cho in tr sut ca ng
Cu = 1,7.10-8m.
1
Hnh 5-8
Gii:
Ta c:
2
N 2S
D2
D2
2
= 0 n 2 l.
= 0 l
L = 0
l
4
4
d
lD2
L = 0 2
d
L = .4 .10 7.
R=
0,5.0,032
1,78.10 3 (H )
2
0,001
ld
4 D 2l
=
.N.D = 2 .
2
d
S
d
d
R=
8Dl
d3
R=
8.1,7.108.0,03.0,5
2( )
0,0013
Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn
t=
R
t
L
L I
1,78.10 3
1
ln =
ln
6,2.10 3 (s )
R I0
2
1000
Q = I 2 Rdt = I 02 R.e
2R
t
L
dt =
1 2
LI 0 = W
2
1,4
Q = W = 0,5.1,78.10 . 4,4.10 4 ( J )
2
3
H. 103A/m
6
7
8
Hnh 6-1
Gii:
T th ta nhn thy cng t trng H = 800 A/m s ng vi gi tr ca cm ng t l
B = 1,4 T.
=
B
1,4
=
= 1400
0 H 4 .10 7.800
6-2. Mt ng dy thng c li st gm N = 500 vng, din tch tit din ngang S = 20cm2, h
s t cm L = 0,28H. Dng in chy qua ng dy I = 5A. Tm:
a) t thm ca li st.
b) Mt nng lng t trng bn trong ng dy.
Gii:
T thng qua ng dy c xc nh nh sau:
= BNS = LI
B=
LI
0,28.5
=
= 1,4(T )
NS 500.0,002
1,4
B
=
= 1400
0 H 4 .10 7.800
1
BH = 0,5.1,4.800 = 560 J / m3
2
N
1000
I=
.1 = 2000( A / m )
l
0,5
N
I
l
I=
Bl
1,6.0,5
=
640( A)
0 N 4 .10 7.1000
6-4. Mt ng dy thng di l = 50cm, din tch tit din ngang S = 10cm2, gm N= 200 vng
c dng in I = 5A chy qua. Trong ng dy c li st nhng cha bit mi quan h B
v H (tc cha bit B = f(H)). Tm:
a) t thm ca li st
b) H s t cm ca ng dy.
Bit rng t thng gi qua tit din ngang ca ng dy =1,6.10-3Wb.
Gii:
B,T
1,5
1,3
1,1
0,9
0,7
12
H, 100 A/m
16
20
Hnh 6-2
T cc biu thc:
0 = BS B =
Ta c:
0
S
H = nI =
NI
l
B
1,6.10 3.0,5
0l
=
=
640
0 H 0 NSI 4 .10 7.200.10.10 4.5
H s t cm ca ng dy:
L=
N0 200.1,6.10 3
=
= 6,4.10 2 (H )
I
5
6-5. Mt ng dy hnh xuyn mng c li st, gm N = 500 vng. Bn knh trung bnh ca
xuyn r = 8cm. Tm:
a) Cng t trng v cm ng t B bn trong xuyn;
b) t thm ca li st;
c) T J ca li st.
khi dng in chy trong ng dy ln lt bng:
I = 0,5A; 1A; 2A.
ng cong t ho ca li st cho bi hnh 6-2 (ng 1).
Gii:
a) S dng biu thc:
H=
NI
2r
B
0 H
6-6. Hai vng bng st mng, ging nhau cng c bn knh r = 10cm. Mt trong hai vng c
mt khe h khng kh dy l = 1mm. Cun dy ca vng kia c dng in I1 = 1,25A
chy qua. Hi cng dng in chy qua cun dy ca vng st c khe h phi bng
bao nhiu cm ng t bn trong khe h c cng gi tr vi cm ng t bn trong vng
st khng c khe h. B qua s r t trong khe h khng kh, mi cun dy c N = 100
vng. Dng ng cong t ho 1 trn hnh 6-2.
Gii:
i vi vng khng c khe h:
H=
NI1 100.1,25
=
200( A / m )
2r
2 .0,1
BC = BC ' = B
H C = H = 200( A / m )
HC' =
BC '
0,8
6,4.105 ( A / m )
4 .10 7
Hnh 6-3
Gii:
Gi B v H ln lt l cm ng t v cng t trng trong li st ca ng dy hnh
xuyn. Quan h gia B v H trong trng hp li st khng c khe h c biu din bng
ng cong 1 trn hnh 6-2.
Trong li st c khe h, t nh l Ampe v sut t ng:
NI = Hl +
B=
0 NI
l'
l'
0l
l'
v B = 0; H =
0 NI
l'
4 .10 7.200.2
1(T )
0,5.10 3
NI 200.2
=
= 2000( A / m )
l
0,2
6-8. o t thm ca mt thi st, ngi ra dng thi st lm thnh mt hnh xuyn
di l = 50cm, din tch tit din ngang S = 4cm2. Trn li c qun hai cun dy. Cun
th nht (gi l cun s cp) gm N1 = 500 vng, c ni vi mt ngun in mt
chiu (hnh 6-3). Cun th hai (gi l cun th cp) gm N2 = 1000 vng c ni vi
Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn
Gii:
N1I1
l
Cm ng t trong li st:
B = 0
= BN 2 S = 0
N1 N 2 I1S
l
Khi o chiu dng in, bin thin t thng qua cun th cp:
= 2
Vy: q =
EC
1
t =
t =
R
R t
R
qRl
2 0 N1 N 2 SI1
0,06.20.0,5
=
=
1200
7
Rl
2 0 N1 N 2 SI1 2.4 .10 .1000.500.4.10 4.1
***
Chng 7: Trng in t
7-1. Chng minh rng trong chn khng, vect cm ng t B tho mdn phng trnh sau:
2B
B 0 0 2 = 0
t
Gii:
Trc ht, ta i chng minh:
rot rot B = grad div B B (*)
Ta c:
[rot (rot B )]
rot B z
rot B
y
z
B y B x B x B z
y x
y z z
x
B y B z 2 B x 2 B x
x y
z y 2
z 2
B y B z B x
=
+
+
x y
z
x
=
2 Bx 2 Bx 2 Bx
+
+
2
z 2
x 2
y
(div B) Bx
x
grad div B = 0
D
D
= 0 rot j + 0 rot
= 0 rot 0 + 0
rot D = 0 + 0 0
rot E = 0 0
t
t
t t
2B
= 0 0 2
t
7-2. Chng minh rng in th tnh in tha mdn phng trnh Potxng sau y:
=
Gii:
Ta c:
= 0 +
+
i+
j+
k
y
x
x y z x
2 2 2
= 0 2 + 2 + 2 = 0
y
z
x
=
0
Gii:
Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn
B
.
d
s
=
H
.
d
s
=
j
+
.
d
s
=
0
(do
j
=
0
;
E
= 0)
0
0
Jd
max
<< J max
Gii:
Trng in t tun hon theo thi gian c th c biu din nh sauL
E = E0 cos t
max
j max
0 E0 E0
107
1,12.1018 (s 1 )
0 1.8,85.1012
7-5. Tnh gi tr cc i ca dng in dch xut hin trong dy ng ( = 6.107 -1m-1) khi
c dng in xoay chiu vi cng cc i I0 = 2A v chu k 0,01s chy qua dy.
Bit tit din ngang ca dy l 0,5 mm2.
Gii:
Vi cc tnh ton tng t nh bi 7-4, ta thu c biu thc cho dng in dch cc i:
jd
max
= 0E 0 = 0 .
jd max =
2 j max 2 0 I max
=
.
T
T
S
2 .1.8,85.10 12
2
.
3,7.1010 (A / m 2 )
7
6
6.10 .0,01 0,5.10
7-6. Khi phng dng in cao tn vo mt thanh natri c in dn sut 0,23.108 -1m-1, dng
in dn cc i c gi tr gp khong 40 triu ln dng in dch cc i. Xc nh chu
k bin i ca dng in.
Gii:
T s gia dng in dn cc i v dng in dch cc i l:
k=
T=
j max
jd
max
E0
=
0E0 0
0 k
2
2 0 k
2 .1.8,85.10 12.4.107
T=
10 10 (s )
8
0,23.10
Ch thch: = 2/T.
Gii:
Theo biu thc mt dng in dch:
U
2 0 U 0
2t
D
E 0 U
jd =
sin
= 0
=
= 0 0 sin t =
d t
d
Td
T
t
t
2 .6.8,85.1012.300
2t
jd =
sin
2,5.10 3 sin (200t + ) (A / m 2 )
2
0,01.0,4.10
0,01
Gii:
Gi tr cc i ca dng in dch l:
I d max = jd max .S = 0E0 S
Mt khc:
Vy:
C=
0 S
d
S=
Cd
Gii:
Khoa Vt L, trng H Khoa Hc, H Thi Nguyn
D
E
= 0
t
t
Ta cng c:
E=
U
q
qd
q
=
=
=
d Cd 0 Sd 0 S
d q 1 dq
=
=0
dt 0 S S dt
d U
d U
0Uu
=
= 0
dt d
dt d 0 + ut
(d0 + ut )2
Gii:
Hiu in th trn t in c th c xc nh nh sau:
Ngoi ra:
UC =
q
dI
= U L = L
C
dt
I =
dq
dt
q
d 2q
= L 2
C
dt
q +
q
=0
LC
trong =
1
1
=
6280 2000 (rad / s )
LC
0,025.10 6.1,015
S ph thuc ca nng lng in trng, t trng v nng lng ton phn theo thi gian:
Wd =
q2
= 12,5.10 3 cos 2 2000t ( J )
2C
Wt =
1 2
LI = 12,5.10 3 sin 2 2000t (J )
2
W = Wd + Wt = 12,5.103 (J )
7-11. Cho mt trng in t bin thin trong chn khng vi cc vect cng trng
E(0, 0, E) v H(H, 0, 0) trong H = H0cos(t ay) vi a = 0 0 . Chng minh rng
gia cc vect cng trng c mi quan h sau y:
0 E = 0 H .
Gii:
Theo phng trnh Mcxoen:
D D
E
rotH = j +
=
= 0
t
t
t
dE z
= rotH
dt
H y H x
y
x
dE
dH
=
= H 0 a sin (t ay )
dt
dy
H a
dE = 0 sin (t ay ).dt
E=
H 0a
cos (t ay ) =
0 0
H
0
0 E = 0 H
7-12. Chng minh rng mt nng lng ca trng in t bin thin c tnh cht nh
trong bi 7-11 c dng:
w = aEH.
Gii:
Mt nng lng trng in t l:
w=
1
0 E 2 + 0 H 2
2
w = 0 E 2 = 0 H 2 = 0 E 2 0 H 2
w = 0 0 E 2 H 2 = aEH
7-13. a) Hdy vit cc biu thc bin i Loren ca cng in trng v cng t
trng gy bi in tch im q v chuyn ng vi vn tc v khng i theo phng
trc y ca h quy chiu qun tnh O.
b) Xt trng hp q chuyn ng theo trc z.
Gii:
Thc hin php chuyn h to trong cc cng thc Loren cho in tch chuyn ng
theo trc x, ta tm c cc cng thc cn tm. (Php chuyn h to phi m bo cc h
trc to vn to thnh mt tam din thun)
a) in tch chuyn ng theo trc y: Thc hin php bin i h to x y, y z, z x
Ex =
Hx =
E ' x vB ' z
2
1 v /c
H ' x +vD' z
Ey = E 'y ;
Ez =
H y = H 'y ;
Hz =
1 v2 / c2
E ' z + vB ' x
1 v2 / c2
H ' z vD' x
1 v2 / c2
;
;
Ex =
Hx =
E ' x + vB' z
1 v2 / c2
H 'x vD'y
1 v2 / c2
Ey =
Hy =
E ' y vB' x
1 v2 / c2
H'y + vD'x
1 v 2 / c2
E z = E'z ;
H z = H 'z ;
(E ' // H ') Phi chng bi ton bao gi cng c nghim v nghim l duy nht? Bit
rng cc chuyn ng xy ra trong chn khng.
Gii:
Gi s d chn c h quy chiu O'x'y'z' tho mdn, vi mt cht c bit chuyn ng ca
h ny song song vi mt phng cha B v E v chuyn ng dc theo trc Ox. Sau c th
coi h O'x'y'z' ng yn cn h Oxyz chuyn ng vi chiu ngc li.
Theo trong h O'x'y'z' ta c
E'x = 0; B'x = 0
i
j
k
(*)
E 'H' = 0 0 E ' y E' z = 0 E ' y B' z E' z B' y = 0
0 B' y
B' z
Trong h to Oxyz chuyn ng vi vn tc v i vi O'x'y'z'
i
j
k
E H = 0 Ey
0 By
Ez
Bz
v
v
1
Vi =
v2
1 2
c
Ta nhn c
i
EB = 0
j
k
(E ' y + vB' z )
(E ' z vB' y )
v
v
v
v
Trong i , j, k l cc vc t n v theo cc trc Ox, Oy, Oz. S dng (*) ta c
2
v(E' 2y + E ' 2z )
2 2
E
'
2
2 2
(
)
EB =
+
v
B
'
+
B
'
i
B
' v i
=
+
y
z
2
c2
1
Vn tc nh sng trong chn khng c =
v v = v i
E B = o o E ' 2 + B' 2 2 v
o o
1 / 2
v2
v thay B = o H , = 1 2 , vo biu thc trn ta nhn c
c
2
2 2
E H = o E' + o H' v = o E 2 + o H 2 2 v
Hay
v
EH
=
1 v 2 / c2 o E 2 + o H 2
*** Ht ***