OptiX RTN 910950

PWE3 Introduction for OptiX RTN 910/950
P-0
Content
1. PWE3 Overview...............................................................................Page 4
2. TDM Service to PWE3....................................................................Page
14
3. ATM Service to PWE3................................................................ ...Page 23
4. Ethernet Service to PWE3..............................................................Page
27
5. PWE3 Application Scenarios..........................................................Page
29
Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission
Reference
RTN 950(V100R001C00_01) Feature Description
RFC 4553
P-1
P-2
P-3
Chapter one is the PWE3 principles overview, it is focus on the content which related to
OptiX RTN 910/950 product application.
Chapter 2,3 and 4 will describe the encapsulation for the typical services, they are the
emphasis for this course.
And the last chapter three introduces the application of the PWE3 in OptiX RTN910/950.
P-4
Understanding the PWE3 position in the OptiX RTN 910/950 network and its basic
concepts is the emphasis of this chapter.
P-5
In the OptiX RTN 910/950, the different services are all be transmitted in the MPLS
tunnel by packets. To encapsulate the different service frames such as the ATM, IMA E1,
TDM E1, Channel STM-1 or Ethernet into MPLS tunnel, we use the PWE3 protocol.
Encapsulation
The packets transmitted on PWs use the standard PW encapsulation type and
technology. The RFC 4446 defines multiple encapsulation types of PWE3
packets on PWs.
Tunnel
A mechanism to transparently bear the information on the network. It is used to

bear PWs. A tunnel can bear multiple PWs. In most cases, a tunnel is an MPLS
tunnel. The tunnel is a channel that directly connects a local PE to a peer PE. In
the tunnel, the data is transmitted transparently between PEs.
Tunnel: Carries one or multiple pseudo wires (PW)
PWs are transparently transmitted in the core network
PWs are created through signaling (LDP)
P-6
AC: Attachment Circuit
It is the physical or virtual circuit that connects a CE to a PE. For example, an

AC can be an FR DLCI, an ATM VPI/VCI, an Ethernet port, a VLAN, a PPP
connection on a physical interface, a PPP session from an L2TP tunnel, or an
MPLS LSP.
Forwarder
A PE sub-system that selects a PW to transmit the payload received on the AC.

PW signaling
The basis on which PWE3 is implemented. It is used for creating and maintaining
PWs. Currently, the primary PW signaling is LDP.
PW: Pseudo Wire.
It is a mechanism that carries the essential elements of an emulated circuit

between PEs over a PSN.
CE: Customer Edge.
It is a device that originates or terminates a service. The CE cannot be aware

whether an emulated service or a local service is in use.
PE: Provider Edge.
It is a device that provides PWE3 to a CE. It is usually the edge router that is
connected to a CE on a backbone network. A PE is responsible for processing
the VPN service. A PE performs the mapping and forwarding of the packets from
the private network to the public-network tunnels and that in the reverse order.
CW: Control Word.
A control word is a 4-byte encapsulated packet header. It is used to transmit

packets in an MPLS PSN.
VCCV: Virtual Circuit Connectivity Verification.
The VCCV is a tool used to manually test the virtual circuit connectivity. It is
Confidentialthrough
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Without Permission
implemented
theof
extended
ping.
P-7
Concept of PW
The Mechanism that bears the simulated layer 2 services between clients to the
packet switch network (PSN).
The following takes the flow direction of Virtual Private Network 2 (VPN2) packets from
CE2 to CE4 as an example to show how PWE3 works:
1. CE2 sends the service flow to be Emulated to PE1 through an AC.
2. After PE1 receives the packets, the forwarder selects a PW for forwarding the
packets.
3. PE1 generates double MPLS labels according to the forwarding entry of the PW
(the private network label is used to identify the PW; the public network label is
used to forward packets to PE2 through the tunnel).
4. After emulated service packets arrive at PE2 through the public network tunnel,
the system removes the label.
5. The forwarder of PE2 selects an AC for forwarding the original service flow to
CE4.
PW control plane: Create and remove PWs and monitor the status
PW forwarding plane: Convert the L1/2 header information and transmit PDUs in
sequence
MIB: Management Information Base, storage configuration information.
P-8
P-9
The CW is negotiated at the control plane, and is used for packet sequence detection,
packet fragmentation, and packet reassembly at the forwarding plane. In the PWE3
protocols, ATM Adaptation Layer Type 5 (AAL5) and FR require the support for the CW.
The CW has the following functions:
Carries the sequence number for forwarding packets
Fills the packet to prevent the packet from being too short.
If the control plane supports the CW, a 32-bit CW is added before the data
packet to indicate the packet sequence. When the load balancing is
supported, the packets may be out of sequence. The CW can be used to
number the packets so that the peer can reassemble the packets.
For example, if Ethernet is between PEs and PPP is between PEs and
CEs, the size of the PPP control packet is smaller than the smallest MTU
supported by the Ethernet. Then the PPP negotiation fails. You can avoid
this by adding the CW, that is, by adding the fill bit.
Carries the control information of the Layer 2 frame header.
In certain cases, the frame does not need to be transmitted completely in

the L2VPN packets on the network. The frame header is stripped at the
ingress and added at the egress. This method, however, cannot be used
if the information in the frame header needs to be carried. You can use
the CW to solve this problem. The CW can carry the negotiated
information between the ingress PE and the egress PE.
P-10
P-11
Common label, which provides a uniform multi-service network data transport platform
and reduces the operating cost
The PSN supports the network traffic of a random length, and it has the capability
of executing the optimized network traffic engineering. In addition, it classifies the
network service traffic, controls the traffic management, and provides the
protection mechanism according to QoS priorities.
The operator hopes that different services can be aggregated in a uniform mode
to decrease the number of networks, complexity of configuration maintenance
and cost on the link. The PW can aggregate multiple services to a uniform PSN.
Investment protection, which provides the backward and forward compatibility of network
services
The PSN requires that the PWs be backward compatible with the current nonIP/MPLS equipment of great capacity.
The PWE3 can flexibly support new services, and the PWE3s are basic units for
service aggregation between Layer 2 and Layer 3.
Private line emulation, which provides operators with network services of great return.
The quality and security of the private line service are accepted by the customer.
In PSN, traditional Layer 1 and Layer 2 private line services, such as emulation
FR, Ethernet, ATM, and TDM, are uniformly adapted.
P-12
P-13
P-14
Unframed E1
Using all the time slots as a whole to transmit user data.
So, the total bandwidth for one unframed E1 connection is 2.048Mbps, just like
the bandwidth provided by a serial interface.
Framed E1
Time slot 0 used for signaling or other purpose.
Time slot 1-31 can be used for transmit service data for different users.
For example: Time slot 1 can be used for user1 to provide 64 Kbps bandwidth,
and time slot 11 to 12 can be used for user 2 to provide 128 Kbps bandwidth.
To use a PW to emulate the transmission of TDM service over a PSN, the following
elements must be carried to the other end of the PW.
TDM data
Frame format of TDM data
TDM alarm and signaling at the AC side
Synchronous timing information of TDM
P-15
In the SAToP mode:
The equipment regards TDM signals as constant rate bit flows, instead of
sensing structures in the TDM signals. The entire bandwidth of TDM signals is
emulated.
The overhead and payload in the TDM signal are transparently transmitted.
The Ethernet frame carries the CES service. Usually the loading time is 1 ms.
In the CESoPSN mode:
The RTN 910/950 equipment senses frame structures, frame alignment modes
and timeslots in the TDM circuit.
The RTN 910/950 equipment processes the overhead and extracts the payload
in TDM frames. Then, the PTN equipment delivers the timeslot of each channel
to the packet payload according to certain sequence. As a result, the service in
each channel in the packet is fixed and visible.
Each Ethernet frame that carries the CES service loads TDM frames of a fixed
number. Usually the loading time is 1 to 5 ms.
P-16
Principle
The SAToP mode does not detect any structure in the TDM circuit. It treats the
TDM circuit as a bit stream of a constant rate. One unit contains 8 bits. Cut a
certain length (reflected as loading time for the customer) from the TDM bit
stream and then load it to the emulation packet. The framing information and
channel information are not considered. Hence, the TDM service is transparently
transmitted.
P-17
Tunnel label: MPLS label, generally distributed by RSVP-TE or manually configured in

PTN equipments.
PW label: distributed by LDP or manually configured.
Control Word: optional, can choose use CW or not, if not, CW header is not required.
RTP (Real Time Protocol) Header/ Time Stamp/ SSRC Identifier: if RTP used, these
encapsulations are required; if not, not required.
We can encapsulate one E1 frame into one PW encapsulation, or we can encapsulate
more E1 frames into one PW header.
If one E1 frame encapsulated into one PW header, more bandwidth will be used
but the encapsulation time is short.
If more E1 frames encapsulated into one PW header, can improve the bandwidth
efficiency but need more time to encapsulate all the frames.
P-18
Principle
The CESoPSN mode detects the frame structure, framing mode, timeslot
information in the TDM circuit. The payload of the TDM frame is extracted first
and the timeslot of each channel is added into the packet payload according to a
certain sequence.
P-19
Tunnel label: MPLS label, generally distributed by RSVP-TE or manually configured in

PTN equipments.
PW label: distributed by LDP or manually configured.
Control Word: optional, can choose use CW or not, if not, CW header is not required.
RTP Header/ Time Stamp/ SSRC Identifier: if RTP used, these encapsulations are
required; if not, not required.
The CESoPSN different from SAToP is:
The CESoPSN protocol can identify frame structure of TDM service. It may not
transmit idle timeslot channels, but only extracts useful timeslots of CE devices
from the E1 traffic stream and then encapsulates them into PW packets for
transmission.
For example: only time slot 1-5 have data, all the other time slots are idle,
CESoPSN can choose only transmit time slot 1-5s data to another PE, the
opposite PE can reconstruct the original E1 frame, and then send it to
appropriate CE.
P-20
Between BTS and BSC, the CES service is transported through the PTN equipment. A
CES service is available between BTS and BSC that are connected to NE1. Two CES
services are available between BTS and BSC that are connected to NE2.
BTS1 use one E1 connection connected to PE1, BTS2 use two E1 connections
connected to PE2. PE3 use one channelized STM-1 connection connected to BSC.
So, we need create one PW between PE1 and PE3, and two PWs between PE2 and
PE3.
P-21
In the SAToP mode:
The equipment regards TDM signals as constant rate bit flows, instead of
sensing structures in the TDM signals. The entire bandwidth of TDM signals is
emulated.
The overhead and payload in the TDM signal are transparently transmitted.
The Ethernet frame carries the CES service. Usually the loading time is 1 ms.
In the CESoPSN mode:
The PTN equipment senses frame structures, frame alignment modes and
timeslots in the TDM circuit.
The PTN equipment processes the overhead and extracts the payload in TDM
frames. Then, the PTN equipment delivers the timeslot of each channel to the
packet payload according to certain sequence. As a result, the service in each
channel in the packet is fixed and visible.
Each Ethernet frame that carries the CES service loads TDM frames of a fixed
number. Usually the loading time is 1 to 5 ms.
P-22
P-23
PSN Transport Header
It depends on the used tunnel technology and performs the packet switching in
the PSN network.
Pseudo Wire Header
It identifies the ATM service in a tunnel and it is the bottom of the label stack in
the MPLS.
ATM Control Word
It can be a length or sequence number and it is the control bit of the transmitted
service.
One-to-one (1-to-1)
A VCC or VPC is mapped to one PW

, supports all the AAL types.
The VPI/VCI is not encapsulated.

N-to-one (N-to-1)
Multiple VCCs or VPCs are mapped to one PW.
N >= 1. Supports all the AAL types.
The VPI/VCI is encapsulated.
P-24
The encapsulation format of a single cell is required (fast encapsulation), the

encapsulation format of multiple cells is optional. The control character is optional.
The number of cells can be encapsulated is restrained by the management capability of
MTU and Egress PE (router). The number of encapsulated cells can be controlled by
setting the number of concatenated cells and concatenation time on the T2000.
VPI/VCI: The value of Ingress PE can not be changed, but the value of Egress PE can
be changed into a new value.
PTI/CLP: Retain the original cell value.
N-to-One Cell ATM Mode Description
One PW can carry one or more VPCs/VCCs. The format can be the single cell
format, or multiple cell encapsulation, which can enhance the bandwidth
utilization.
The multiple cell encapsulation can enhance the bandwidth utilization, but it
causes network delay variation. In addition, the number of cells to be
encapsulated is determined by the MTU and CTD and CDV requirements of the
ATM connections multiplexed into the PW. Hence, the network environment and
service customization should be considered together.
The multiple VPCs/VCCs encapsulated in the PW may of different service types,

which are of different QoS requirements. Hence, the PSN packets should support
the highest level of the ATM service carried. To ensure the QoS of the PW, it is
recommended that one PW carry one VPC/VCC, or one PW carry the
VPCs/VCCs of the same QoS requirement.
P-25
The CW, which is mandatory, is inserted before the Pseudowire Header. The ATM
Specific Header is inserted before the ATM Cell Payload.
For a common ATM VPC, the egress PE cannot change the VCI field in a packet. In
VPC cell transport, the egress PE can set a VCI value that is different from the VCI value
on the ingress. The VCI set by the egress PE is determined only by the PW Header.
The following describes the meaning of each field in the ATM Specific Header:
M: It is of one bit. It indicates the transmission mode. That is, a packet contains
an ATM cell or a frame payload. The value of 0 indicates that the packet contains
an ATM cell; the value of 1 indicates that the packet contains a frame payload.
V: It refers to the VCI flag, which is of one bit. It indicates whether a packet
contains the VCI field or not. The value of 0 indicates that the packet does not
contain the VCI; the value of 1 indicates that the packet contains the VCI. The
VPC is an ATM connection that is switched by the VPI value in the ATM cell
header. Therefore, the VCI is needed for a VPC, and is transmitted in each cell.
VCI: It is of 16 bits. This filed indicates that VCI value after the ATM cell is
encapsulated.
One-to-One Cell ATM Mode Description
The number of ATM cells to be encapsulated is negotiated between the ingress

device and the egress device. Each encapsulated ATM cell has the 1-byte ATM
Specific Header. Therefore, the ATM cell information of 53 bytes can be regarded
as being encapsulated in 51 bytes.
The multiple cell encapsulation can enhance the bandwidth utilization, but it
causes network delay variation.
The number of cells to be encapsulated is determined by the MTU and CTD and
CDV requirements of the ATM connections multiplexed into the PW.
P-26
P-27
Normally, the Ethernet service need not be transmitted according to strict sequence. In
ITU-T G. 802.3, however, it is required that frames from the same session should be
transmitted according to the sequence. It cannot be assumed that the PSN can realize
the frame sorting. If strict sorting is required, the serial number need be used.
The following describes the meaning of each field in the CW:
The first four bits must be 0, which indicates that the data is the PW data. The
packet must be ignored by the PE that receives the packet.
Reserved: It is of 12 bits. It is the reserved field and is often set to 0.
Sequence Number: It is of 16 bits. It is used to guarantee the packet order. This

field is optional. If the Sequence Number is 0, it means the packet order check is
disabled.
P-28
P-29
The PTN V1R1 supports the TDM PWE3 over MPLS. In other words, the PSN network
must be the MPLS network.
The PTN V1R1 only supports PTN V1R1 non-channelized E1, and an E1 link
corresponds to a certain PW service.
TDM PWE3 supports the compression of 64k idle timeslots, and supports the
specification of timeslot restoration value.
The packet loading time can be set from 0.125 ms to 5 ms.
The jitter buffer can be set from 0.375 ms to 16ms.
The CESoPSN and SAToP modes can be set.
The restoration of 16-channel clocks is supported.
The OptiX PTN V1R1 supports the mapping of the TDM service to the MPLS of the
highest priority (exp: 5; scheduling priority: EF).
P-30
Each IMA sub-board supports the PWE3 of a maximum of 32 IMA groups. Each IMA
group supports 32 E1 members.
The ATM PWE3 supports two encapsulation modes, that is, one-to-one and N-to-one
(maximum value of N: 32).
The ATM PWE3 supports the ATM cell concatenation, with a maximum of 31
concatenation cells.
The ATM PWE3 supports the setting of packet loading time from 0.100 ms to 50 ms.
The ATM PWE3 supports the dynamic mapping from ATM priorities to PWs.
The ATM PWE3 supports the VPC/VCC connection. The IMA sub-board supports 512
connections, and the AD1 sub-board supports 1024 ATM connections.
Note
The highest capacity of the AD1 sub-board for the PTN 3900&1900 V1R1C01
version is 1024, and 2048 for the PTN 3900&1900 V1R1C02 version.
Note
The PTN 3900&1900 V1R1C01 supports 1024 connections, and the PTN 3900
V1R1C02 supports 4096 connections.
The ATM OAM function is supported.
P-31
P-32
P-33

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PWE3 Introduction for OptiX RTN 910/950

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

PWE3 Introduction for OptiX RTN 910/950

RTN 950(V100R001C00_01) Feature Description

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

PWE3 Introduction for OptiX RTN 910/950

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

PWE3 Introduction for OptiX RTN 910/950

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

PWE3 Introduction for OptiX RTN 910/950

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

PWE3 Introduction for OptiX RTN 910/950

A mechanism to transparently bear the information on the network. It is used to

Tunnel: Carries one or multiple pseudo wires (PW)

PWs are transparently transmitted in the core network

PWs are created through signaling (LDP)

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

PWE3 Introduction for OptiX RTN 910/950

AC: Attachment Circuit

It is the physical or virtual circuit that connects a CE to a PE. For example, an

A PE sub-system that selects a PW to transmit the payload received on the AC.

It is a mechanism that carries the essential elements of an emulated circuit

It is a device that originates or terminates a service. The CE cannot be aware

A control word is a 4-byte encapsulated packet header. It is used to transmit

PWE3 Introduction for OptiX RTN 910/950

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

PWE3 Introduction for OptiX RTN 910/950

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

PWE3 Introduction for OptiX RTN 910/950

Carries the sequence number for forwarding packets

Carries the control information of the Layer 2 frame header.

In certain cases, the frame does not need to be transmitted completely in

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

PWE3 Introduction for OptiX RTN 910/950

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

PWE3 Introduction for OptiX RTN 910/950

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

PWE3 Introduction for OptiX RTN 910/950

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

PWE3 Introduction for OptiX RTN 910/950

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

PWE3 Introduction for OptiX RTN 910/950

Using all the time slots as a whole to transmit user data.

Time slot 0 used for signaling or other purpose.

Frame format of TDM data

TDM alarm and signaling at the AC side

Synchronous timing information of TDM

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PWE3 Introduction for OptiX RTN 910/950

In the SAToP mode:

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PWE3 Introduction for OptiX RTN 910/950

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PWE3 Introduction for OptiX RTN 910/950

Tunnel label: MPLS label, generally distributed by RSVP-TE or manually configured in

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

PWE3 Introduction for OptiX RTN 910/950

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

PWE3 Introduction for OptiX RTN 910/950

Tunnel label: MPLS label, generally distributed by RSVP-TE or manually configured in

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

PWE3 Introduction for OptiX RTN 910/950

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

PWE3 Introduction for OptiX RTN 910/950