Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Confidentiality Level
Confidential
Document Issue
Total 48 Pages
V2.0
Prepared by
Date
Reviewed by
Date
Approved by
Date
Authorized by
Date
2012-07-27
Confidential
Change History
Date
Version
Change Description
Author
2012-05-25
V1.0
2012-07-31
V2.3
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 2 of 48
Confidential
Contents
Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................................................ 4
1 Overview......................................................................................................................................... 6
2 Link Budget for DBS+DAS Coverage ....................................................................................... 7
2.1 Design of Link Budget Algorithms .................................................................................................................. 7
2.1.1 Function .................................................................................................................................................. 7
2.1.2 Algorithm Design .................................................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Parameter Settings .......................................................................................................................................... 22
2.2.1 Scenario Parameter ............................................................................................................................... 22
2.2.2 Coverage Dimensioning Parameters ..................................................................................................... 25
2.2.3 RND Application .................................................................................................................................. 28
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 3 of 48
Confidential
Full Name
ACK/NACK
Acknowledgment/Not-acknowledgment
AMC
BBU
Baseband Unit
BHSA
BLER
BPSK
CCE
CINR
CP
Cyclic Prefix
CQI
D-BCH
Dynamic-Broadcast Channel
DCI
DMRS
EIRP
eNodeB
E-URTA Node B
EPRE
FDD
FSTD
FTP
GSM
HARQ
HTTP
IRC
LNA
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 4 of 48
Acronym or Abbreviation
Full Name
LTE
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Confidential
Page 5 of 48
Confidential
Overview
This document describes the link budget algorithms for the following systems:
1.
2.
Pico
This document provides guidelines for parameter settings in different scenarios as well as
usage and specifications of the commercial tool radio network dimensioning (RND).
This document applies to LTE FDD eRAN3.1 and is intended for in-building service (IBS)
and frontline personnel to make plans and designs. The prototype tool used is LTE eRAN3.1
FDD Pico & DAS Dimensioning Tool V1.1 (Coverage & Capacity).
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 6 of 48
Confidential
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 7 of 48
Confidential
Indoor coverage link budget involves wireless propagation and wired distribution system.
For wireless propagation, the antenna power must be properly planned. The antenna power is
determined based on the single-antenna coverage distance, designed coverage-edge reference
signal received power (RSRP), and estimated penetration loss. For wired distribution, the loss
from the signal source to the antenna input port must be calculated, including the feeder
transmission loss, distribution loss of the splitter and coupler, and dielectric loss (insertion
loss).
The eNodeB transmit power can be calculated based on the required antenna power and wired
distribution loss.
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 8 of 48
Confidential
After power calculation, the uplink and downlink coverage-edge data rate can be calculated
based on the coverage-edge RSRP and signal strength. The number of devices required can be
calculated based on the loss and deployment mode of the wired distribution system.
For detailed description of each calculation step, see section 2.1.2.2 "Calculation Procedure."
Meaning
Value Range
Default Value
Duplex Mode
Duplex mode
FDD/TDD
FDD
eNB Type
eNodeB type
Indoor macro
eNodeB/BBU+RRU
BBU + RRU
DL PB
0/1/2/3
The indoor distributed eNodeB system uses the following two networking modes:
1.
2.
The BBU and RRU are independently installed and are connected through optical cables
to form a distributed eNodeB system.
Based on the preceding two modes, the dimensioning tool builds different calculation models.
Among global parameters, the power control parameter PB needs to be configured to reduce
the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) power in an orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (OFDM) symbol and increase the reference signal (RS) power. At the same time,
the total power remains unchanged to expand the downlink pilot coverage of a cell. PB is a
cell-level parameter used to calculate the offset between the RS Resource Element (RE)
power and the PDSCH RE power. The offset can be calculated as follows: 10 x log (PB + 1)
The value of PB ranges from 1 to 3 and the default value is 1. In this case, the offset is 3 dB.
Scenario Parameter
Scenario parameters define the link-level propagation environment, link gains, and link loss.
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 9 of 48
Confidential
Value Range
Default
Value
Lounge of
an airport/
Exhibition
hall
Parameter
Meaning
Morphology
Building type
Number of Floor
Number of floors
in the planned
area
Building Length
Building length
150
Building Width
Building width
30
Height of Floor
Height of a floor
Sectorization
Number of
sectors
Propagation
Model
Propagation
model
Antenna Gain
Indoor antenna
gain
Mr Cable Type
Type of main
feeder
AVA5 7/8
Br Cable Type
Same-floor feeder
type
AVA5 7/8
eNB Location
eNodeB location
Edge/middle
Middle
Weak Current
Well Location
Location of weak
current well
Corner/MiddleLongSide/
MiddleWideSide/Center
Corner
Standard Power
Standard power
First-class: 15
15
20
Keenan-Motley/ITU-R
P.1238
dBi
dBm
ITU-R
P.1238
2
Second-class: 23
2014-12-19
Edge RSRP
Coverage-edge
RSRP
dBm
-105
Expected Radius
Expected antenna
coverage radius
20
Insert Loss
Insertion loss
dB
0.3
Band Width
System
bandwidth
MHz
UL Frequency
Uplink frequency
MHz
Huawei confidential
1.4/3/5/10/15/20
10
2600
Page 10 of 48
Parameter
Meaning
Unit
DL Frequency
Downlink
frequency
MHz
Area coverage
probability
Confidential
Default
Value
Value Range
2600
95%
In addition, the dimensioning tool builds models based on typical feeders possibly used in the
indoor distribution system.
Table 2-3 Cable loss in the DBS+DAS system
Cable
Size
EnbCabLoss100m (dB)
700
MHz
900
MHz
1700
MHz
1800
MHz
2.1
GHz
2.3
GHz
2.5
GHz
LDF4
1/2"
6.009
6.855
9.744
10.058
10.961
11.535
12.09
FSJ4
1/2"
9.683
11.101
16.027
16.57
18.137
19.138
20.11
AVA5
7/8"
3.093
3.533
5.04
5.205
5.678
5.979
6.27
AL5
7/8"
3.421
3.903
5.551
5.73
6.246
6.573
6.89
LDP6
5/4"
2.285
2.627
3.825
3.958
4.342
4.588
4.828
AL7
13/8"
2.037
2.333
3.36
3.472
3.798
4.006
4.208
EnbCabType
Device Parameter
Typical device parameters on the eNodeB and UE sides are designed as follows: Different
parameters are used for the uplink and downlink. Default values are typical values used for
Huawei or other vendors' devices. CS and PS services are supported and body loss of the UE
is considered for voice services.
Table 2-4 Device parameter in the DBS+DAS system (1)
2014-12-19
Meaning
Initial Sectorization
Number of initialized
sectors
dBi
Maximum power of
the eNodeB
dBm
46
Huawei confidential
Unit
Value Range
Default
Value
Parameter
Page 11 of 48
Confidential
Parameter
Meaning
Unit
Value Range
Default
Value
Body loss
dB
CS: 3
PS: 0
eNB Noise Figure
Noise coefficient of
the eNodeB
dB
Default
Value
Parameter
Meaning
Unit
UE Max Power
dBm
23
UE Antenna Gain
dBi
UE Body Loss
dB
CS: 3
PS: 0
UE Noise Figure
Noise coefficient of
the UE
dB
UE Cable Loss
dB
Standard Power: indicates the standard power (in dBm) of all bandwidths for the antenna.
The default value is 15. Expected Radius: indicates expected coverage radius (in m). The
default value is 15.
Expected RSRP: indicates the expected coverage-edge RSRP (in dBm). The default value
is 105.
UL/DL RBUsed: indicates the number of RBs used on the uplink and downlink. The
default value is 4 on the uplink and downlink, respectively.
Calculate the antenna power and determine the actual coverage radius.
For details about how to determine the antenna coverage radius, see the coverage radius in
typical scenarios. Indoor propagation loss is related t to the propagation environment and
frequency band, as shown in Table 2-6.
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 12 of 48
Confidential
Table 2-6 Relationship between the antenna coverage radius, scenario, and frequency band in the
indoor distributed system
Recreation
Ground
Office
Building
Supermarket
Hotel
Exhibition/Lounge
of an Airport
Parking
Lot
700
MHz
16
19
19
16
100
25
800
MHz
16
19
19
16
100
25
900
MHz
15
18
18
15
100
25
1500
MHz
13
16
16
14
80
20
1800
MHz
12
15
15
13
60
20
2100
MHz
10
14
14
12
50
20
AWS
10
14
14
12
50
20
2300
MHz
10
13
13
12
50
20
2600
MHz
12
12
11
50
18
Scenario
Antenna
coverage
radius
(m)
When LTE networks are deployed with existing GSM/UMTS networks, the antenna coverage
radius in LTE is set to be the same as that of 2G/3G.
You can use the dimensioning tool to check whether the input coverage radius (expected
radius) can cause the antenna power to exceed the maximum power allowed (indoor
electromagnetic radiation standards adopted in the region) based on coverage-edge RSRP
requirements. If yes, the tool automatically uses the maximum power to calculate the radius.
If no, the input antenna coverage radius is used in the plan.
RSEirp = Expected RSRP + PL + SFM + Dl Penetration Loss - UE Antenna Gain + UE Cable
Loss + UE Body Loss
//Calculate the antenna power of reference signal (RS) based on the coverage-edge RSRP
requirement, link gain, link loss, and link margin.
Eirp = RSEirp 10log (1+ DlPb) + 10log (Antenna Port)
//Antenna Port = 1 for a single antenna; Antenna Port = 2 for double antennas. Calculate the
antenna power for an RE-based bandwidth based on the power control parameter Pb and
number of antenna ports.
TotalPower = Eirp + 10log (TotalRB*12)
//TotalRB equals the number of RBs in 100% load. Calculate the antenna power for all
bandwidths based on the number of RBs corresponding to the system bandwidth.
If TotalPower<= Standard Power then
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 13 of 48
Confidential
After the antenna coverage radius is determined, the number of antennas required in a
coverage area can be calculated.
To calculate the antenna quantity, ensure that uniform coverage is used in indoor scenarios
and the antennas are also uniformly distributed. For the perspective of indoor coverage design,
most indoor buildings use standard square structures. Therefore, the number of antennas can
be calculated based on a two-dimensional rectangular structure (length and width). Figure 2-2
shows the antenna distribution model.
Figure 2-2 Antenna distribution model
2
r
2
In addition, to ensure the building edges are within the antenna coverage, two spaces of
are reserved along the length side and width side, respectively. r indicates the coverage
radius. In this way, the whole plane of the building is within the coverage area. The distance
between two antennas is R and the overlapped area between two antennas must be considered.
Considering the coverage along edges of a building, the dimensioning tool defines R as
follows: R
2r
The number of antennas for each floor can be calculated based on the single-antenna coverage
radius as follows:
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 14 of 48
Confidential
AntNumberperfloor a b
where, a and b indicates the number of antennas along the length side and width side,
respectively.
Assume that sectors are uniformly distributed among floors since the signal source power
used by each sector is the same. In this case, the number of antennas for each sector is
calculated as follows:
After determining the antenna quantity, you can calculate the required feeder length based on
the antenna distribution conditions. Feeders can be classified into same-floor feeder and main
feeder.
The total length of a same-floor feeder depends on the antenna distribution. After the antenna
distribution is determined, the feeder length on each floor can be determined. The length of
same-floor feeder is calculated for material statistics.
The length of same-floor feeder is calculated as follows:
2
BRCableLengthperFloor BuildLength int( BuildLength / R 1/ 2) * BuildWidth
r
2
The method for calculating the main feeder length in indoor macro networking mode is
different from that in the BBU+RRU networking mode.
In indoor macro networking mode, the BBU may be located on the building edge at the
bottom or between two floors. Therefore, the total main feeder length can be calculated based
on the total number of floors (TotNumOfFloors), floor height (FloorHeight), and signal source
location (eNBLocation).
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 15 of 48
Confidential
Figure 2-4 Main feeder length calculation in indoor macro networking mode
Figure 2-4 shows that the main feeder length is the total length of all colorful lines.
Select case eNBLocation
MrCableLength=0; MrCableLength_Down = 0; MrCableLength_Up= 0
Case 1:Edge (location)
For i=1 to SectorNum
Temp = MrCableLength + FloorHeight* FloorNumofSector (i)
MrCableLength = temp + FloorHeight* FloorNumofSector
Next i
Where, FloorNumofSector (i) indicates the number of floors within the coverage of sector
i.
Case 2:Middle (location)
SectorMid = RoundDown (SectorNum/2, 0)
For i = 1 to SectorMid - 1
Temp = MrCableLength_Down + FloorHeight * FloorNumofSector (i)
MrCableLength_Down = Temp + FloorHeight * FloorNumofSector (i)
Next i
For i = SectorMid to SectorIndex
Temp = MrCableLength_Up + FloorHeight* FloorNumofSector (i)
MrCableLength_Up = Temp + FloorHeight * FloorNumofSector (i)
Next i
MrCableLength = MrCableLength_Down + MrCableLength_Up
End select
In BBU+RRU networking mode, an RRU may use optical cables and the RRU is located in
the middle of a sector. Therefore, the BBU location and sector quantity do not affect the main
feeder length.
The formula for calculating the main feeder length in BBU+RRU networking mode is as
follows:
MrCableLength = TotNumOfFloors * FloorHeight
4.
After antenna distribution is determined, the device quantity required for networking and
other link loss, expect for cable loss, can also be determined. Insertion loss involves passive
devices, including heat loss and connector loss caused by a splitters and a coupler. As the heat
loss is small, the connector loss is generally less than 0.5 dB. The insertion loss is defined as
0.3 dB for each device during calculation.
The number of devices required for each floor (DeviceNumperFloor) can be calculated based
on the model shown in Figure 2-5.
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 16 of 48
Confidential
Considering the floor quantity and networking mode, the total number of devices required for
networking is calculated as follows:
TotalDeviceNum = DevieceNumperFloor * Build Floor + Build Floor Sector Num//in
indoor macro networking mode
TotalDeviceNum = DevieceNumperFloor * Build Floor + Build Floor 2*Sector Num//in
BBU+RRU networking mode
Points to consider in calculation are as follows:
The purpose of calculating the antenna quantity and device quantity is to estimate the link loss.
In engineering construction, the installation locations of antennas and devices may be
different from those designed in the model. Therefore, you need to reserve a certain margin
during engineering dimensioning.
5.
After the antenna power, antenna distribution, and loss are determined, the eNodeB transmit
power used to meet the coverage requirement can be calculated.
Power per Floor = FloorPowerCalc (location of the weak current well; actual antenna power
eNodeB antenna gain, 100-m cable loss, Sqr (2) x ActualRadius, insertion loss, a, b)
The dimensioning tool calculates the power per floor based on the following location of a
weak current well: corner, MiddleLongSide, MiddleWideSide, or center, as shown in Figure
2-6. This document does not describe the calculation formulas in details.
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 17 of 48
Confidential
The power per floor is the same and the power per sector is different. This is because the
number of floors covered by each sector is different. The sector power can also be affected by
the type of signal source and therefore can be calculated based on the type of signal source.
The sector power can be calculated based on the eNodeB location by referring to the model
for calculating the main feeder length in indoor macro networking mode.
a)
When the eNodeB is located at the bottom of a building, the sector power is calculated as
follows:
P1 Pfloor
For = 1 to NumFloorsofSector (1) 1 //Consider the number of floors in sector 1.
MaxPowerRequiredSector[1]InnerSector 10lg(10
2014-12-19
Pi MrCableLossPer100FloorHeight
10
Huawei confidential
10
Pfloor
10
) InsertLoss
Page 18 of 48
Confidential
End for
For = 1 to
NumFloorsofSector ( SectorNum ) 1
MaxPowerRequiredSector[SectorNum]InnerSector 10lg(10
Pi MrCableLossPer100FloorHeight
10
10
Pfloor
10
) InsertLoss
End for
For = 1 to
When the eNodeB is located between floors, the sector power is calculated as follows:
Pi MrCableLossPer100FloorHeight
10
10
Pfloor
10
) InsertLoss
End for
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 19 of 48
Confidential
Pi MrCableLossPer100FloorHeight
10
10
Pfloor
10
BBU+RRU:
In BBU+RRU networking mode, an RRU may use optical cables and the RRU is located in
the middle of a sector. Therefore, the BBU location and sector quantity do not affect the main
feeder length.
P1 Pfloor
P2 10lg(10
P1 MrCableLossPer100FloorHeight
10
10
Pfloor
10
) InsertLoss
PNumFloorsofSector ( i ) MrCableLossPer100FloorHeight
PNumFloorsofSector (i ) 10lg(10
10
10
Pfloor
10
) InsertLoss
MaxPowerRequiredSector[i ] 10 lg(2 10
10
//Calculate the power for the floor above the RRU and that below the RRU and calculate the total sector
power based on the cable loss.
6.
After power calculation, the uplink and downlink coverage-edge data rate can be calculated
based on the coverage-edge RSRP and signal strength.
a)
Uplink subcarrier EIRP = UE Max Power 10log (Number of RBs used on the uplink x 12) +
UE Antenna Gain UE Cable Loss UE Body Loss
Downlink subcarrier EIRP = RSEirp 10log (1+ DlPb) + 10log (Antenna Port)
b)
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 20 of 48
Confidential
BBU + RRU
MrCableLoss = 0//The BBU connects to the RRU through an optical cable and no loss is
considered.
Then, the maximum cable loss is calculated as follows:
CableLoss = BrCableLoss + MrCableLoss
d)
Based on the calculated Cable Loss, the receive sensitivity can be calculated for the uplink
and downlink as follows:
UL Receiver Sensitivity = UL Min Signal Reception + eNB Antenna Gain eNB Body Loss CableLoss UL
Interference Margin
DL Receiver Sensitivity = DL Min Signal Reception + UE Antenna Gain UE Body Loss UE CableLoss
DL Interference Margin
e)
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 21 of 48
Confidential
Meaning
Unit
dBm
BBU Numbers
Number of BBUs
pcs
RRU Numbers
pcs
MR Cable Length
BR Cable Length
Antenna Numbers
pcs
Device Numbers
pcs
Actual Coverage
dBm
kbit/s
2014-12-19
Recreation Ground
Office Building
Huawei confidential
Page 22 of 48
Supermarket
Hotel
Airport/Show
Park
Confidential
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the actual building type and is
Airport/Show by default. The building type affects the coverage-edge probability and
calculation result of fading margin.
Winner II-A1: This signal channel model applies to small office home office (SOHO)
scenarios having many rooms and small space, for example, small office, home office,
and hotel. The original definition in 3GPP specifications is as follows:
Winner II-B3: This signal channel model applies to hotspot scenarios having broad
indoor space. For example, exhibition center and airport. The original definition in 3GPP
specifications is as follows:
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set to
Winner II-A1 by default.
2014-12-19
Keenan-Motley
ITU-R P.1238
Huawei confidential
Page 23 of 48
Confidential
The preceding two propagation models are all based on free-space propagation model
correction. ITU-R P.1238 uses different values based on different Frequency and
Morphology. This can reflect the indoor environment in a true sense and is recommended in
a scenario where there is no special requirement.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set to
ITU-R P.1238 by default.
12
2x2 SFBC (diversity): Used in scenarios with poor signal conditions; diversity gains are
used to improve the coverage capability.
2x2 MCW (multiplexing): Used in scenarios with good signal conditions; multiplexing
gains are used to enhance the data rate.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set to
2x2 MCW by default because the environment for indoor transmission is good.
LOS
NLOS
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set to
NLOS by default because cross-wall coverage is required in most cases.
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 24 of 48
Confidential
2.2.1.9 UE Tx Power
This parameter indicates the maximum UE transmit power (in dB).
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual device specifications
and is set to 23 dBm by default.
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 25 of 48
Confidential
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the actual eNodeB location
and is set to Middle by default.
Middle_LongSide //The weak current well is located in the middle of a floor on the
length side.
Middle_WideSide //The weak current well is located in the middle of a floor on the
width side.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the actual location of a weak
current well and is set to Corner by default.
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 26 of 48
Confidential
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the number of floors and is set
to 5 by default.
2.2.2.17 UE CableLoss
This parameter indicates the UE cable loss (in dB).
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual system configurations
and is set to 0 dB by default.
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 27 of 48
Confidential
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 28 of 48
Confidential
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 29 of 48
Confidential
----End
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 30 of 48
Confidential
Calculating the pico coverage radius based on the known cell-edge data rate
2014-12-19
1.
Obtain system parameters to calculate the effective subcarrier transmit power, subcarrier
receive sensitivity, and required minimum signal receive strength.
2.
Calculate the maximum allowed path loss for the uplink and downlink.
3.
Huawei confidential
Page 31 of 48
Confidential
Figure 3-1 Procedure for calculating the pico coverage radius based on the known cell-edge data
rate
Start
UL input
information
DL input
information
Calculate UE EIRP,
pico receive
sensitivity, and
minimum pico receive
strength.
Calculate maximum
pathloss allowed for
the uplink.
Calculate maximum
pathloss allowed for
the downlink.
Calculate UL coverage
radius.
Calculate DL coverage
radius.
End
Calculating the cell-edge data rate based on the known pico coverage radius
2014-12-19
1.
Obtain system parameters to calculate the effective subcarrier transmit power, maximum
path loss, subcarrier receive sensitivity, and required minimum signal receive strength
for the uplink and downlink.
2.
3.
4.
Calculate the corresponding coverage radius and cell-edge RSRP corresponding to the
cell-edge data rate.
Huawei confidential
Page 32 of 48
Confidential
Figure 3-2 Procedure for calculating the cell-edge data rate based on the known pico coverage
radius
Start
UL input
information
DL input
information
Calculate UE EIRP
and uplink maximum
path loss.
Calculate UE EIRP
and downlink
maximum path loss.
Calculate minimum
pico receive strength.
Calculate minimum
UE receive strength
Calculate UE receive
sensitivity.
End
2014-12-19
Parameter
Meaning
Value Range
Default Value
Duplex Mode
Duplex mode
FDD/TDD
FDD
PDCCH Overhead
Downlink control
channel overhead
1 to 4 (symbols)
DL PB
Downlink power
offset
0/1/2/3
Huawei confidential
Page 33 of 48
Confidential
Scenario Parameter
Table 3-2 Scenario parameters for the pico system
2014-12-19
Value Range
Default
Value
Building type
Recreation
Ground
Channel Model
Channel type
Winner II-A1/Winner
II-B3
Winner
II-A1
Propagation
Model
Propagation
model
Keenan-Motley/ITU-R
P.1238
ITU-R
P.1238
Bandwidth
System
bandwidth
MHz
1.4/3/5/10/15/20
10
PUCCH
Overhead
Uplink control
channel
overhead
RB
2/4/4/6/8/10
Service Type
Service type
PS/VoIP7.95/VoIP12.2
PS
UL MIMO
Scheme
Uplink MIMO
1x1/1x2
1x2
DL MIMO
Scheme
Downlink
MIMO
2x2 SFBC
Sight Type
Line of sight
LOS/NLOS
NLOS
UL Frequency
Uplink
frequency
MHz
700 to 3000
2600
DL Frequency
Downlink
frequency
MHz
700 to 3000
2600
UL Target Load
Uplink load
0% to 100%
100%
DL Target Load
Downlink load
0% to 100%
100%
StdSlowFading
Slow fading
standard
deviation
To be configured based
on scenarios
11.7
Area coverage
probability
90% to 100%
95%
UL Penetr Loss
Uplink
penetration
loss
To be configured based
on the building type.
30
Parameter
Meaning
Morphology
Unit
dB
Huawei confidential
Page 34 of 48
Confidential
Parameter
Meaning
Unit
Value Range
Default
Value
DL Penetr Loss
Downlink
penetration
loss
dB
To be configured based
on the building type.
30
UL Interf Margin
Uplink
interference
margin
dB
To be configured based
on interference
conditions.
DL Interf Margin
Downlink
interference
margin
dB
To be configured based
on interference
conditions.
Edge coverage
probability
To be calculated.
91.30%
HHO Gain
Hard handover
gain
dB
Device Parameter
Table 3-3 Device parameters for the pico system
Parameter
Meaning
Unit
Default Value
Tx Power
dBm
24
Antenna Gain
dBi
Noise Figure
dB
JumConLoss
dB
0.5
Cable Loss
dB
2014-12-19
Parameter
Meaning
Unit
Tx Power
dBm
23
Antenna Gain
dBi
Noise Figure
dB
Body Loss
Body loss
dB
Huawei confidential
Default Value
3 dB for voice
services and 0 dB
for PS services
Parameter
Page 35 of 48
Parameter
Meaning
Unit
Cable Loss
dB
Confidential
Default Value
Parameter
0
2.
Uplink:
PUSCH EIRP = UlActualTransPower 10 x log (12 x UlRbNum) + UE Antenna Gain UE
Cable Loss UE Body Loss
Downlink:
PDSCH EIRP = DlSCHREPower + Pico Antenna Gain Pico Cable Loss Jumper and
Connector Loss
Parameter definition:
DlSCHREPower: indicates the minimum transmit power (dBm) of the downlink service RE.
DlRETransPower: indicates the downlink subcarrier transmit power (dBm).
DlSCHREPower_A: indicates the service subcarrier transmit power (dBm) for symbol A.
DlSCHREPower_B: indicates the service subcarrier transmit power (dBm) for symbol B.
DlRsPerOFDM12Carrier_B: indicates the number of REs used by RS on an RB for symbol
B.
AntennaPortNum: indicates the number of ports mapped from eNodeB antennas and has the
following values.
Table 3-5 Port mapping in various MIMO modes
DL MIMO Scheme
Port
1x2
2x2 SFBC
2x2 MCW
B / A : indicates the power linear ratio of symbol B to symbol A, as listed in Table 3-6.
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 36 of 48
Confidential
PB and B / A
B / A
PB
5/4
4/5
3/5
3/4
2/5
1/2
DlUnusedREPerOFDM12Carrier_B
Other
DlTotalSCHRENum_B: indicates the total of REs used for data transmission for symbol B.
Calculating the downlink subcarrier transmit power
DlSCHREPower = Min (DlSCHREPower_A, DlTotalSCHRENum_B) +
10log(AntennaPortNum)
Calculate the downlink subcarrier transmit power of symbol A.
DlSCHREPower_A = DlActualTransPower 10log(AntennaPortNum)
10log(DlRBNeed*12)
Calculate the downlink subcarrier transmit power of symbol B.
DlTotalSCHRENum_B = DlRBNeed*(12 2) //2 indicates the number of REs used by RS on
an RB for symbol B.
DlSCHREPower_B = DlSCHREPower_A + 10log ( B / A ) //Indicates the subcarrier
transmit power for symbol B.
2.
In this step, the demodulation threshold for traffic channel is searched based on the cell-edge
MCS. The demodulation threshold is related to the channel type, frequency, and MIMO mode.
Definition of sensitivity
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 37 of 48
Confidential
Use the optimized number of uplink RBs being an integer to calculate the effective UL
CodeRatee and obtain the uplink demodulation performance of the corresponding channel.
Then, find the corresponding uplink SINR based on the effective UL CodeRate by using the
linear interpolation method.
Use the number of downlink RBs to calculate the effective DL CodeRate and obtain the
downlink demodulation performance of the corresponding channel. Then, find the
corresponding downlink SINR based on the effective DL CodeRate by using the linear
interpolation method. Consider the factor that the dual-stream coding rate doubles the
single-stream coding rate.
3.
Uplink:
UL Min Signal Reception/Subcarrier = Pico Receiver Sensitivity/Subcarrier Pico Antenna
Gain Pico Cable Loss Pico JumperConnectorLoss+UL Interference Margin;
Downlink:
DL Min Signal Reception/Subcarrier = UE Receiver Sensitivity/Subcarrier UE Antenna
Gain UE Cable Loss UE JumperConnectorLoss UE Body Loss+DL Interference
Margin;
4.
Uplink:
UL Max Allowed Path Loss = PUSCH EIRP UL Min Signal Reception/Subcarrier
Penetration Loss Shadow Fading Margin
Downlink:
DL Max Allowed Path Loss = PDSCH EIRP DL Min Signal Reception/Subcarrier
Penetration Loss Shadow Fading Margin
5.
Use the Keenan-Motley model to calculate the distance based on the known path loss
(dB) as follows:
d 10
PL
PL 32.5 20 log( f )
20
where
d indicates the distance (in km) between the eNodeB and the UE antenna.
f indicates the frequency (in MHz).
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 38 of 48
Confidential
Use the ITU-R P.1238 model to calculate the distance based on the known path loss
as follows:
d 10
PL
(dB)
PL 20 log( f ) 28
N
where
d indicates the distance (in m) between the eNodeB and the UE antenna.
f indicates the frequency (in MHz).
N indicates the distance loss coefficient and has the following values:
Frequency
Recreation
Ground/Hotel
Office
Building
Supermarket
Lounge of an
Airport/Exhi
bition
hall/Parking
Lot
30
33
22
20
28
30
20
20
NOTE
The slow fading margin and penetration loss have been considered in other steps and therefore are not
included in the propagation model formulas.
6.
Coverage-edge RSRP indicates the RSRP based on the minimum coverage radius between the
uplink and downlink and can be calculated as follows:
RSPower = DlSCHREPower_A + 10log (1+Pb)
Where, DlSCHREPower_A indicates the subcarrier transmit power for symbol A.
Calculate the coupling loss based on the minimum coverage radius between the uplink and
downlink as follows:
CoupleLoss = DL PL (Min(UL Radius, DL Radius)) Pico Antenna Gain + Pico Cable Loss
+ Pico Body Loss UE Antenna Gain + UE Cable Loss + UE Body Loss + DL Penetration
Loss + SFM
Where, DL PL (Min (UL Radius, DL Radius)) indicates the downlink path loss based on the
minimum value between uplink radius and downlink radius.
Then,
Coverage-edge RSRP = RSPower CoupleLoss
7.
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 39 of 48
Confidential
Pico sectors described in this document are omni-directional sectors in hexagons in the
topology. The single-eNodeB coverage area can be obtained based on the calculated coverage
radius.
Cover Area per Pico = 3/2*sqr(3)* Effective Radius^2
8.
Calculate the number of eNodeBs to be planned based on the number of floors, area of each
floor, number of floors covered by each pico eNodeB, and single-eNodeB coverage area.
CovAreaPerFloor TotNumOfFloors
NumOfPico
CovAreaPerPico NumOfFloorsPerPico
Meaning
Unit
Coverage Radius
m2
Piece
ESRP
Cell-edge RSRP
dBm
To calculate the Cell-Edge Data Rate Based on the Known Pico Coverage Radius, Pay
attention to the following
Input of Function-related Parameters
Number of RBs used on the uplink and downlink: 4 RBs for the uplink and downlink,
respectively.
Intermediate Calculation Result
1.
Use the Keenan-Motley model to calculate the path loss based on the known distance d (m)
as follows:
PL
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 40 of 48
Confidential
Use the ITU-R P.1238 model to calculate the path loss based on the known distance d (m)
as follows:
L 20 log( f ) N log(d ) 28
where
PL
The slow fading margin and penetration loss have been considered in other steps and therefore are not
included in the propagation model formulas.
3.
Uplink:
Pico Receiver Sensitivity/Subcarrier = UL Min Signal Reception/Subcarrier Pico Antenna
Gain Pico Cable Loss Pico jumperConnectorLoss + UL Interference Margin;
Downlink:
UE Receiver Sensitivity/Subcarrier = DL Min Signal Reception/Subcarrier UE Antenna
Gain UE Cable Loss UE JumperConnectorLoss UE Body Loss + DL Interference
Margin;
5.
Select the MCS based on the SINR and calculate the throughput.
Based on the uplink and downlink SINR and signal channel, determine two adjacent
modulation orders to have the SINR located between demodulation thresholds corresponding
to the two modulation orders. Then, use the linear interpolation method to calculate the code
rates (CodeRate) corresponding to the uplink and downlink SINRs, respectively.
ULEdgeRate = ULRBUsed*ULSchRE*ULModuOrder*ULCodeRate*(1-BLER) CRC
DLEdgeRate=DLRBUsed*DLSchRE*DLModuOrder*DLCodeRate*CodeWord*(1-BLER)
CRC
6.
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 41 of 48
Confidential
Cell-edge RSRP indicates the RSRP based on the minimum coverage radius between the
uplink and downlink and can be calculated as follows:
RSPower = DlSCHREPower_A + 10log (1+Pb)
Where, DlSCHREPower_A indicates the coverage subcarrier transmit power for symbol A.
Calculate the downlink coupling loss as follows:
DlCoupleLoss = DL PL Pico Antenna Gain + Pico Cable Loss + Pico Body Loss UE
Antenna Gain + UE Cable Loss + UE Body Loss + DL Penetration Loss + SFM
Then:
Cell-edge RSRP = RSPower CoupleLoss
Meaning
Unit
kbit/s
ESRP
Cell-edge RSRP
dBm
Recreation Ground
Office Building
Supermarket
Hotel
Airport/Show
Park
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the actual building type and is
Airport/Show by default.
2014-12-19
Winner II-A1: This signal channel model applies to SOHO scenarios having many rooms
and small space, for example, small office, home office, and hotel.
Huawei confidential
Page 42 of 48
Confidential
Winner II-B3: This signal channel model applies to hotspot scenarios having broad
indoor space, for example, exhibition center and airport.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set to
Winner II-A1 by default.
Keenan-Motley
ITU-R P.1238
The preceding two propagation models are all based on free-space propagation model
correction. ITU-R P.1238 uses different values based on different Frequency and
Morphology. This can reflect the indoor environment in a true sense.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set to
ITU-R P.1238 by default.
1x2
2x2 SFBC (diversity):poor signal conditions; diversity gains are used to improve the
coverage capability.
2x2 MCW (multiplexing): good signal conditions; multiplexing gains are used to
enhance the data rate.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set to
2x2 MCW by default because the environment for indoor transmission is good.
LOS
NLOS
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set to
NLOS by default because cross-wall coverage is required in most cases.
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 43 of 48
Confidential
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set to 2
dB by default on the uplink and downlink.
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 44 of 48
Confidential
2014-12-19
1.
To create a pico link budget project, log in to the RND. In the main window, choose
File > New in the menu bar.
2.
In the displayed New Project dialog box, set Design Type to Indoor Pico Coverage
Dimensioning and click OK.
Huawei confidential
Page 45 of 48
Confidential
3.
4.
2014-12-19
To calculate the pico coverage radius, in the displayed Newproject window, choose
Data Channel Link Budget > Data Channel Cell Radius Budget in the navigation tree
of the Network Dimensioning area, configure related parameters in the pane on the right,
and then click Calculate.
Huawei confidential
Page 46 of 48
5.
Confidential
2014-12-19
6.
To calculate the pico cell-edge data rate, in the displayed Newproject window, choose
Data Channel Link Budget > Cell Edge Rate Dimensioning in the navigation tree of
the Network Dimensioning area, configure related parameters in the pane on the right,
and then click Calculate.
7.
Huawei confidential
Page 47 of 48
Confidential
2014-12-19
Huawei confidential
Page 48 of 48