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International Journal of Electrical, Robotics, Electronics and Communications Engineering Vol:8 No:3, 2014
Finite
element
method,
I. INTRODUCTION
470
TABLE I
CABLE PARAMETERS
Symbol
n
dc
c
Dsemicon
semicon
Dcs
cs
Di
i
Dis
is
Dst1
st1
Dcuw
Ncuw
tcut
Dcut
Dst2
st2
Dlat
lat
Dj
j
Value
380 kV
132 kV
Parameter
Number of conductor in the
cable
Diameter of conductor
Thermal resistivity of
copper
Diameter over semiconductive tape
Thermal resistivity of semiconductive tape
Diameter over conductor
screen
Thermal resistivity of
conductor screen
Diameter over insulation
Thermal resistivity of
insulation (XLPE)
Diameter over insulation
screen
Thermal resistivity of
insulation screen
Diameter over water
swelling tape 1
Thermal resistivity of water
swelling tape 1
Diameter of copper wires
Number of copper wires
Thickness of copper tape
(Open Helix)
Diameter over copper tape
Diameter over water
swelling tape 2
Thermal resistivity of water
swelling tape 2
Diameter over laminated
aluminum tape
Thermal resistivity of
laminated aluminum tape
Diameter over jacket
Thermal resistivity of jacket
Units
61.5
44
mm
0.002584
0.002584
K.m/W
N/A
45.2
mm
N/A
3.5
K.m/W
65.4
47.2
mm
2.5
2.5
K.m/W
121.4
85.2
mm
3.5
3.5
K.m/W
125.4
87.2
mm
2.5
2.5
K.m/W
126.9
88.4
mm
3.5
3.5
K.m/W
2.56
96
2.13
78
mm
-
0.13
0.15
mm
132
93
mm
134.7
93.8
mm
3.5
3.5
K.m/W
135.4
94.4
mm
0.00422
0.00422
K.m/W
144
3.5
104.4
3.5
mm
K.m/W
(3)
(4)
6.43
(1)
(6)
471
FEM(132kV)
FEM(380kV)
IEC(380kV)
2700
2400
2100
Ampacity(A)
(8)
IEC(132kV)
1800
1500
1200
900
600
100
300
600
900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
DepthofCable(mm)
(9)
18
10
(10)
V. ANALYSIS MODEL
The analyses were done for circuit with voltage level 132
kV and 380 kV for different environmental parameter (depth
of cable, thermal resistivity of backfilling and native soil,
ambient temperature, wind speed and spacing between cable
phases) and then calculate the steady state ampacity at
maximum operating temperature of cable by using IEC
method and FEM as shown in the following:
A. Depth of Cable
The ampacity was calculated using the IEC and FEM at
nine burial depths in mm for each voltage level; 100, 300, 600,
900, 1200, 1500, 1800, 2100, and 2400. The ambient
temperature, wind speed, spacing between cable phases for
132 kV and 380 kV, thermal resistivity of native soil was kept
35oC, 0 m/s, 400 mm, 800 mm and 2 K.m/W respectively. Fig.
2 shows the result of ampacity versus the depth of cable.
FEM(132kV)
IEC(380kV)
2000
1800
1600
Ampacity(A)
1400
1200
1000
800
600
0.8
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
Thermalresistivityofnativesoil(K.m/W)
472
FEM
IEC
1245
1242
IEC(132kV)
FEM(132kV)
1239
FEM(380kV)
IEC(380kV)
1236
Ampacity(A)
1800
1600
1233
1230
1227
Ampacity(A)
1400
1224
1221
1200
1218
1215
1000
0.28
1.389
800
5.56
11.11
16.67
22.22
33.33
Windspeed(m/s)
600
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
IEC(132kV)
50
Ambienttemperature(oC)
FEM(132kV)
935
930
925
132kV,L=1500mm
132kV,L=300mm
132kV,L=100mm
380kV,L=1700mm
380kV,L=600mm
380kV,L=100mm
920
91
915
89
910
ConductorTemperature(oC)
Ampacity(A)
2.78
905
900
895
0
0.28
1.389
2.78
5.56
11.11
16.67
22.22
33.33
Windspeed(m/s)
87
85
83
81
79
77
0
0.28
1.389
2.78
5.56
11.11
16.67
22.22
33.33
Windspeed(m/s)
473
FEM
IEC
1050
Ampacity(A)
1000
950
900
c.
850
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
800
150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800
SpacingS1&S2(mm)
FEM
IEC
1450
[2]
1400
[3]
1350
Ampacity(A)
1300
[4]
1250
1200
1150
[5]
1100
1050
400
500
600
700
800
[6]
SpacingS1&S2(mm)
From Figs. 8 and 9, the IEC and FEM are in agreement and
IEC become more accurate when reducing the spacing
between cable phases. Whenever spacing reduced, this lead to
significant increase (nonlinear) loss in sheath in all cable
phases due to presence of eddy current and this reduce the
ampacity of cable as shown in Fig. 8 while this effect did not
appear in Fig. 9 due to absence of the eddy current.
[7]
[8]
[9]
VI. CONCLUSION
Using finite element method is more accurate and reliable
in computations of underground cable ampacity as confirmed
in many research. Therefore, it is used in this paper to
determine the accurate of computations of underground cable
ampacity by using IEC method and the conclusion are shown
below:
a. The IEC become more accurate with increasing the depth
of cable and vice versa. In practical cases, it is
recommended that the depth of the cables should be in the
order of ten times their external diameter.
b. IEC are in agreement with FEM for different thermal
resistivity of native soil, ambient temperature and cable
phases spacing.
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
474
475