Mô Phỏng Phân Xưởng Thu Hồi Propylene Của Nhà Máy Lọc Dầu Dung Quất Bằng Phần Mềm Unisim R400

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GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
MC LC
DANH MC T VIT TT
iii
DANH MC HNH NH
iv
DANH MC BNG BIU
vi
LI M U
vii
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN
1
1.1 Tng quan v sn phm propylene [1]................................................................1
1.1.1 Tnh cht vt l [1].........................................................................................1
1.1.2 Tnh cht ha hc [2].....................................................................................2
1.1.3 ng dng [2]..................................................................................................3
1.2 Tng quan v nh my lc du Dung Qut [3]....................................................4
1.3 Tng quan v phn xng thu hi Propylene ca nh my lc du Dung Qut. 7
1.3.1 Vai tr v tr.................................................................................................7
1.3.2 C s thit k.................................................................................................8
1.3.3 S cng ngh [ph lc]..........................................................................11
1.3.4 Tng quan v cng ngh tch Propane/ Propylene ca NMLD Dung Qut. 17
1.4 Tng quan v qu trnh chng ct trong NMLD Dung Qut..............................21
1.4.1 Chng ct nhiu cu t [9]...........................................................................22
1.4.2 Cu trc bn trong ca thp chng ct [9]....................................................23
1.4.3 Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh chng ct............................................28
1.5 Tng quan v phn mm m phong Unisim R400 [10].....................................30
CHNG 2: M PHNG TNH PHN XNG THU HI PROPYLENE
BNG PHN MM UNISIM R400
32
2.1 Cc d liu ban u............................................................................................32
SVTH: L Trung Hu Trn Mnh Hng
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GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
2.2 Tin hnh m phong...........................................................................................32

2.3 M phong thp tch C3/C4 ( T-2101)................................................................34
2.4 M phong thp tch Ethane T-2102...................................................................39
2.5 M phong thp tch Propane / Propylene T-2103..............................................41
2.6 Kim tra v phn tch kt qu:...........................................................................45
CHNG 3: XY DNG H THNG IU KHIN V M PHNG
NG THP TCH C3 / C4
48
3.1 Tng quan v h thng iu khin.....................................................................48
3.1.1 Nguyn tc iu khin..................................................................................48
3.1.2 H thng iu khin phn tn DCS trong nh my hin i.........................48
3.1.3 B iu khin PID........................................................................................50
3.2 Vai tr ca qu trnh m phong ng.................................................................51
3.3 M phong ng s vn hnh ca thp tch C3/ C4 (T-2101).............................52
3.3.1 Xc nh a nhy cm.................................................................................52
3.3.2 Qu trnh chuyn t trng thi tnh sang trng thi ng.............................53
3.3.3 Thit lp cc thit b iu khin...................................................................55
3.3.4 Chuyn sang m hnh ng..........................................................................59
3.3.5 Thit lp bng tnh ton cn bng vt cht v Data book.............................59
3.3.6 Chy m phong ng, xem kt qu v so snh vi kt qu m phong tnh. .61
3.3.7 nh gi nh hng ca cc bin nhiu.......................................................61
CHNG 4: THIT K V TI U VN HNH THP TCH
PROPYLENE
66
4.1 C s l lun......................................................................................................66
4.2 Tnh ton v m phong tnh thp tch Propylene...............................................66
4.3 Kt qu v nhn xt...........................................................................................74
4.4 Thit k thp tch Propylene..............................................................................75
KT LUN
80
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GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
DANH MC T VIT TT
ARU
CCR
CDU
CNU
ECMD
EPC
FO
ISOM
KTU
LPG
LTU
NHT
NMLD
NTU
PFD
PRU
RFCC
SPM
SRU
SWS
UOP
PID
DCS
PLC
ASTM
FC
VPS
Amine Recovery Unit

Continuous Catalytic Reformer
Crude Distillation Unit
Cautics Neutralization Unit
Enhanced Capacity Multiple Downcomer
Engineering Procurement Construction
Fuel Oil
Isomerization
Kerosene Treater Unit
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
LPG Treater Unit
Naptha Hydrotreater
Nh my Lc du
RFCC Naphtha Treating Unit
Process Flow Diagram
Propylene Recovery Unit
Residue Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit
Single Point Mooring
Sulfur Recovery Unit
Sour Water Stripping
Universal Oil Products
Proportional Intergral Derivative Controller
Distributed Control System
Programmable Logic Controller
American Society for Testing And Material
Flash Curve
Vaporisation Progressive Simple
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GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
DANH MC HNH NH
Hnh 1.1: Cu truc hoa hoc cua phn t Propylene...................................................1
Hnh 1.2: S tng th v tr nh may loc du Dung Qut.....................................4
Hnh 1.3: S cac phn xng chnh trong nh may loc du Dung Qut............6
Hnh 1.4: Phn xng PRU cua nh may loc du Dung Qut [3]...........................7
Hnh 1.5: S cng ngh cm thap tach T-2101 phn xng PRU cua nh may [3].12
Hnh 1.6: S cng ngh cm thap tach T-2102 phn xng PRU cua nh may [3].14
Hnh 1.7: S cng ngh cm thap tach T-2103 phn xng PRU cua nh may [3]...16
Hnh 1.8: Enhanced Capacity Multiple Downcomer Tray cua UOP [4]..................18
Hnh 1.9: ng trao i nhit UOP's High Flux [4].................................................18
Hnh 1.10. ULTRA- FRAC tray [5]............................................................................19
Hnh 1.11: Efficiency of ULTRA- FRAC trays in De-Propanizer service [5]..........19
Hnh 1.12: Overview of 6-Pass SUPPERFRAC tray [6]..........................................20
Hnh 1.13: S cng ngh n gin cua C3 splitter [6]........................................20
Hnh 1.14: ia chop..................................................................................................23
Hnh 1.15: ia c l................................................................................................24
Hnh 1.16: ia van....................................................................................................24
Hnh 1.17: ia van co chn......................................................................................25
Hnh 1.19: Vong m
Pall.......................................................................................26
Hnh 1.20: m
cu truc kim loai............................................................................26
Hnh 1.22. m
li...................................................................................................26
Hnh 1.23: B phn phi long trong lc...................................................................27
Hnh 1.25: Gia ......................................................................................................27
Hnh 2.1: Chon m hnh nhit ng..........................................................................32
Hnh 2.2: Nhp cac cu t.........................................................................................32
Hnh 2.3: Thnh phn, tnh cht nguyn liu..........................................................33
Hnh 2.4: Thit lp bm.............................................................................................33
Hnh 2.5: Ci t thng s cho dong ra khoi bm....................................................34
Hnh 2.6: Thit lp thit b trao i nhit..................................................................34
Hnh 2.7: Gin OConnell.....................................................................................35
Hnh 2.8: Hng s cn bng K cua cu t khoa trn mi ia...................................36
Hnh 2.9: Thng s vn hnh cua thap T-2101.........................................................37
Hnh 2.10: Tiu chun cua thap T-2101....................................................................37
Hnh 2.11: Thap T-2101 sau khi m phong..........................................................38
Hnh 2.12: Ci t bm..............................................................................................38
Hnh 2.13: Thit lp thng s cho dong ra khoi bm................................................38
Hnh 2.14: Thit b trao i nhit E-2101.................................................................39
Hnh 2.15: Cac thng s vn hnh cho thap T-2102.................................................40
Hnh 2.16: Tiu chun thap T-2102...........................................................................40
Hnh 2.17: Thap T-2102 sau khi m phong...............................................................41
Hnh 2.18: Thit lp thng s vn hnh cho thap T-2103.........................................42
Hnh 2.19: Thit lp tiu chun cho thap T-2103......................................................43
Hnh 2.20: Ci t may nn C-2101..........................................................................43
Hnh 2.21: Thit lp thng s cho dong ra khoi may nn C-2101............................43
Hnh 2.22: Bnh tach D-2105.....................................................................................44
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GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Hnh 2.23: S tng th sau khi m phong phn xng propylene......................45

Hnh 3.1: M hnh h thng iu khin DCS...........................................................49
Hnh 3.2: Thay i v tiu chun trong thap xac nh ia nhay cm..................52
Hnh 3.3: th xac nh ia nhay cm....................................................................53
Hnh 3.4: Thm valve vo s cng ngh...............................................................53
Hnh 3.5: Kt qu cua qua trnh Sizing thap T-2101.................................................54
Hnh 3.6: Kt ni cho thit b iu khin nhit ia s 5.......................................55
Hnh 3.7: Ci t cac thng s cho thit b iu khin nhit ia s 5..................56
Hnh 3.8: Ci t thit b iu khin ap sut nh thap............................................57
Hnh 3.9: Ci t thit b iu khin mc cho Condenser........................................57
Hnh 3.10: Ci t thit b iu khin mc cho Reboiler..........................................58
Hnh 3.11: Ci t thit b iu khin lu lng nguyn liu..................................58
Hnh 3.12: a cac thng s vo bng tnh toan cn bng vt cht........................59
Hnh 3.13:Thit lp cng thc v a ra kt qu trong bng tnh toan...................59
Hnh 3.14: a cac thng s v Data Book..............................................................60
Hnh 3.15: Thit lp d liu cho biu nh hng cua bin nhiu.......................60
Hnh 3.16: Cht lng sn phm v cn bng vt cht cha n nh.....................62
Hnh 3.17: Cht lng sn phm v cn bng vt cht luc n nh........................62
Hnh 3.18: Xut hin bin nhiu luc cha n nh..................................................63
Hnh 3.19: Xut hin bin nhiu luc n nh.......................................................63
Hnh 3.20: Ci t thng s cho thit b iu khin sm..........................................64
Hnh 3.21: Khi thm thit b iu khin sm luc cha n nh................................64
Hnh 3.22: Khi thm thit b iu khin sm luc n nh....................................65
Hnh 3.23: S iu khin thap tach Butane.........................................................65
Hnh 4.1: S dng cng c Shortcut xac nh s ia l thuyt ti thiu.............67
Hnh 4.2: Kt qu cua Shortcut.................................................................................68
Hnh 4.3: M phong thap tach theo ngh cua Shortcut........................................68
Hnh 4.5: Kt qu m phong theo ngh cua Shortcut...........................................69
Hnh 4.6: Kt qu m phong thap khi ha ap sut vn hnh.....................................70
Hnh 4.7: S m phong thap tach Propylene co s dng may nn......................71
Hnh 4.8: Cac bc Sizing thap tach Propylene........................................................72
Hnh 4.9: Kt qu cua qua trnh Sizing.....................................................................72
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GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
DANH MC BNG BIU

Bng 1.1: Thnh phn nhp liu thit k cho phn xng PRU [3].........................8
Bng 1.2: Thnh phn tap cht trong dong nguyn liu cua phn xng PRU [3]. 9
Bng 1.3: Tiu chun sn phm Propylene t phn xng PRU [3].......................10
Bng 1.4: Cn bng vt cht PRU [3]......................................................................10
Bng 1.5: iu kin vn hnh cua dong nguyn liu v cac dong sn phm [3]. . .10
Bng 1.6: tinh khit m sn phm co th at c cng ngh SUPPERFRAC
tch hp Omni-Fit Technology cua Koch- Glitsch [6]...............................................21
Bng 2.1: Xac nh hiu sut s dng ia thap T-2101............................................36
Bng 2.2: Bng thng s m phong cua thap T-2101...............................................37
Bng 2.3: Xac nh hiu sut s dng ia thap T-2102............................................39
Bng 2.4: Cac thng s m phong thap T-2102.........................................................40
Bng 2.5: Xac nh hiu sut s dng ia T-2103....................................................41
Bng 2.6: Cac thng s dong gi cua thap T-2103....................................................42
Bng 2.7: Cac thng s s dng m phong thap T-2103......................................42
Bng 2.8: Cng c Recycle........................................................................................44
Bng 2.9: Cac thit b trn dong................................................................................44
Bng 2.10: Thit b chia dong....................................................................................45
Bng 2.11: Bng so sanh kt qu m phong v ti liu cua thap T-2101.................45
Bng 2.12: So sanh kt qu m phong v ti liu cua thap T-2102..........................46
Bng 2.13: So sanh kt qu m phong v ti liu cua thap T-2103..........................46
Bng 3.1: Thng s c trng cho cac qua trnh diu khin [11]............................51
Bng 3.2: Tng kt cac thng s gia tr cua b iu khin.......................................58
Bng 3.3: So sanh kt qu gia m phong ng v m phong tinh.........................61
Bng 4.1: Hng s K cua cu t khoa nng v cu t khoa nh.............................73
Bng 4.2: Xac nh hiu sut s dng ia.................................................................73
Bng 4.3: So sanh thnh phn dong sn phm nh gia dong m phong v ti liu
..................................................................................................................................... 74
Bng 4.4: So sanh thnh phn dong sn phm ay gia dong m phong v ti liu
..................................................................................................................................... 75
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GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
LI M U
Chng ta ang sng trong thi i pht trin mnh m ca khoa hc cng ngh.
c bit l s tin b vt bc ca lnh vc cng ngh phn mm. N l ng lc thc
y s pht trin ca nhiu ngnh cng nghip quan trng. Trong phi k n
ngnh cng nghip du kh, s pht trin ca n da trn nn tng s pht trin ca
cng ngh phn mm. Nhiu chng trnh c vit ra phc v cho s pht trin
ca cng nghip du kh. Trong Unisim l phn mm quan trng hng u c
ng dng rng ri trong lnh vc lc ha du.
nc ta hin nay, pht trin ngnh cng nghip Lc- Ha du l ngnh cng
nghip mi nhn c u tin hng u. Nh my lc du Dung Qut- Nh my Lc
Du u tin ca nc ta c a vo s dng v vn hnh n nh trong thi
gian hn hai nm. Trong nhng sn phm ca nh my th sn phm Propylene hin
nay ang rt c quan tm. Propylene c gi tr kinh t cao hn xng v Diesel, n
l nguyn liu sn xut Polypropylene, y l mt trong s nhng polymer c s
dng rng ri nht trn th gii v tnh ph dng, gi thnh monomer thp, gi thnh
sn xut thp, v cc tnh cht c a chung ca n. Cho nn vic to ra v thu hi
ti a lng Propylene trong qu trnh sn xut s mang li hiu qu kinh t rt cao
cho nh my. Chnh v vy chng em quyt nh chn ti M phng phn xng
thu hi Propylene ca nh my lc du Dung Qut bng phn mm Unisim R400
Vic ng dng phn mm UNISIM trong tnh ton cng ngh v la chn ch
vn hnh ti u s gip ngi k s cng ngh nm vng hn cc iu kin vn
hnh, cc thng s k thut v c c mt ci nhn tng quan nht v mt qu trnh
vn hnh no . Tuy nhin, y l mt phn mm mi, chng em mi ln u tm
hiu v ng dng m phng trn phn mm UNISIM nn cn nhiu hn ch v kin
thc nn khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st, knh mong thy c ng gp kin
chng em c th hon thin n tt nghip ny. Chng em xin chn thnh cm n!
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GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
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GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
CHNG 1:
TNG QUAN
1.1 Tng quan v sn phm propylene [1]
Propylene (tn thng thng), c tn quc t l Propene, l mt hydrocacbon
khng no, thuc h alken.
-
Cng thc phn t: C3H6
Cng thc cu to:
Hnh 1.1: Cu trc ho hc ca phn t Propylene

Sn xut Propylene l lnh vc sn xut quy m ln, mc tng trng nhanh.
Propylene l nguyn liu quan trng cho ngnh tng hp ho hc, l nguyn liu chnh
sn xut Polypropylene.
1.1.1 Tnh cht vt l [1]
Propylene l cht kh, khng tan trong nc, trong du m, dung dch Amoni
ng cng nh cc cht long phn cc nh: Ether, Etanol, Axeton, Fufurol... do trong
phn t c lin kt , nhng tan tt trong nhiu sn phm ha du quan trng, l cht
kh d chy n. Propylene khng mu, khng mi, do ngi ta thng pha thm
mercaptan c mi gn ging nh toi vo thnh phn ca n d dng nhn bit.
Cc tnh cht vt l c bn ca Propylene:
Khi lng phn t: 42,08 vC.
p sut ti hn: Pc = 4,7MPa.
T trng trng thi long (15oC ; 760 mmHg): 0,51.
T trng trng thi hi (15oC ; 760 mmHg): 1,49.
tan (trong nc -50oC): 0,61g/m3.
nht (16,7oC): 8,34 Pa*s.
Nhit ti hn: Tc = 92,30C.
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GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Nhit nng chy: -185,2oC (88K).

Nhit si: - 47,6oC (225,5K).
Nhit chy: 10,94 kcal/kg 25oC.
im bc chy: -108oC.
Gii hn nng hn hp n vi khng kh: 2,0% 11,7%.
Hng s kh R= 198.
1.1.2 Tnh cht ha hc [2]

Lin kt ni i ca anken km bn vng nn trong phn ng d b t ra
to thnh lin kt vi cc nguyn t khc. V th lin kt i C=C l trung tm
phn ng gy ra nhng phn ng ha hc c trng cho anken nh phn ng cng,
phn ng trng hp v phn ng oxi ha.
Phn ng cng Hydro (Hydro ha).
Khi c mt ca cht xc tc Ni, Pt, Pd, vi nhit thch hp th Propylene
cng Hydro vo ni i to thnh Propan, phn ng toa nhit:
R1R2C=CR3R4 + H2
xt,to
R1R2CH-CHR3R4
CH2=CH-CH3 + H2
xt,to
CH3-CH2-CH3
Phn ng cng Halogen (Halogen ha).

Clo v Brom d cng hp vi Propylene to thnh dn xut ihalogen khng
mu, do tnh cht lm mt mu dung dch Clo (Brom) nn ngi ta thng dng dung
dch nc Clo (brom) nhn bit anken:
CH2 = CH - CH3 + Cl2
ClCH2-CHCl-CH3 (1,2 diclopropan).
Phn ng cng Acid v cng nc.

Cng Acid.
Hydrogen halogenua, Acid sunfuric m c...c th cng vo Propylen.
CH2=CH-CH3 + Cl-H (kh)
CH3 CHCl - CH3.
Phn ng xy ra qua 2 giai on lin tip:

- Phn t H+-Cl- b phn ct, H+ tng tc vi lin kt to thnh
cacbocation, cn Cl - tch ra.
- Cacbocation l tiu phn trung gian khng bn, kt hp ngay vi anion Cl
-
to thnh sn phm.
Cng nc (Hidrat ha).
nhit thch hp v c xc tc Acid, Propylen c th cng hp nc:
to,xt
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CH2=CH-CH3 +H-OH
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
CH3 - CH 2 - CH2 - OH (Propanol)
Quy tc cng hp tun theo quy tc Mac -cp -nhi -cp, (Phn in tch dng ca tc
nhn cng vo cacbon mang nhiu H hn (cacbon bc thp hn), cn phn mang in
tch m ca tc nhn s cng vo cacbon mang t H hn.
Phn ng trng hp.
Propylen c kh nng cng hp nhiu phn t li vi nhau to thnh nhng phn t
mch rt di v c khi lng rt ln trong iu kin nhit , p sut, xc tc thch
hp:
T,P
Polypropylene
Phn ng Oxi ha.
Propylene cng nh cc Hydrocacbon khc khi chy to thnh CO2, H2O v toa nhiu
nhit.
2 C3H6 + 9 O2
6 CO2 + 6H2O.
Ngoi ra Propylene cng c kh nng lm mt mu qu tm nh nhng Anken khc.

3C3H6 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O
3CH3-CH(OH)-CH2OH + MnO2 + 2KOH
1.1.3 ng dng [2]

Propylene c dng lm nguyn liu cho qu trnh sn xut Polypropylene v
cc cht hot ng b mt.
Propylene l m t trong nhng ngun nguyn liu quan trng nht cho cng
nghi p tng hp ho hc. Dn xut ch yu ca propylene gm: polypropylene
(PP), acrylonitrile, propylene oxit, cumen/phenol, axit acrylic, isopropyl ancol,
v cc cht trung gian hn hp khc.
Phn on C3=,C3,C4=,C4 l ngun nguyn liu cho sn xut kh ha long LPG,
nguyn liu cho qu trnh alkyl ha nhn cu t c tr s octan cao pha vo
xng v lm kh t dn dng, lm nguyn liu tng hp ha du v ha hc.
1.2 Tng quan v nh my lc du Dung Qut [3]
Pht trin ngnh cng nghip Lc - ha du l mt trong nhng ch s nh gi
thnh cng s nghip cng nghip ha ca mi quc gia, bi y l ngnh cng nghip
mi nhn c vai tr nn tng vi nhng nh hng su rng n cc din mt nn kinh
t. D n xy dng nh my lc du (NMLD) nc ta c ng v Chnh ph ch
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GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
trng t rt sm, xut pht t yu cu m bo an ninh nng lng v nhu cu cng

nghip ha hin i ha t nc. Bn cnh , vic u t xy dng NMLD Dung
Qut cn l ng lc to ln pht trin kinh t, x hi ca tnh Qung Ngi v cc
tnh, thnh ph trong khu vc min Trung v l iu kin quan trng trong vic m
bo an ninh quc phng, gp phn m bo hai nhim v chin lc hin nay l xy
dng v bo v T quc.
Ngy 08/01/1998 l ng th khi cng xy dng NMLD Dung Qut c tin
hnh ti x Bnh Tr, huyn Bnh Sn, tnh Qung Ngi. Nh my chim di n tch
khong 338 ha m t t v 471 ha m t bin.
Hnh 1.2: S tng th v tr nh my lc du Dung Qut.

Nh my c xy dng vi mc u t l hn 3 t USD (khong 40000 t ng).
Ngy 28/11/2005, l khi cng cc gi thu EPC 1+2+3+4 c t hp cc nh thu
Technip (gm cc nh thu: Technip (Php), Technip (Malaysia), JGC (Nht Bn) v
Technicas Reunidas (Ty Ban Nha)) phi hp vi Petro Vit Nam t chc ti hin
trng nh my.
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GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Ngy 30/11/2008, Tng Cng ty Du Vit Nam v Ban Qun l d n NMLD

Dung Qut t chc l n nhn chuyn du th u tin vn hnh chy th NMLD
Dung Qut. y l chuyn tu du th u tin vi khi lng 80.000 tn do NMLD
Dung Qut tip nhn ti phao rt du khng bn mt im neo (SPM) ca nh my.
Tri qua rt nhiu kh khn n ngy 22/02/2009, l n mng dng sn phm
thng mi u tin ca NMLD Dung Qut- NMLD u tin ca Vit Nam c
din ra.
Nh my c xy dng vi nng sut thit k l 6,5 triu tn/nm, tng ng
vi 148000 thng/ngy, d kin p ng khong 30% nhu cu tiu th xng du Vi t
Nam. Nguyn liu ca nh my c th l 100% du th Bch H (Vit Nam) hoc l
hn hp 85% du th Bch H + 15% du chua Dubai.
Cc phn xng cng ngh trong nh my gm c:
Phn xng chng ct du th (CDU)
Phn xng x l Naphta bng Hydro (NHT)
Phn xng ng phn ha Naphta nh (ISOM)
Phn xng Reforming xc tc lin tc (CCR)
Phn xng x l Kerosen (KTU)
Phn xng Cracking xc tc tng si cn chng ct kh quyn (RFCC)
Phn xng x l Naphta ca phn xng RFCC (NTU)
Phn xng x l LCO bng hydro (LCO-HDT)
Phn xng x l LPG (LTU)
Phn xng thu hi Propylene (PRU)
Phn xng ti sinh Amin (ARU)
Phn xng x l nc chua (SWS)
Phn xng trung ha xt thi (CNU)
Phn xng thu hi lu hunh (SRU)
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GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Hnh 1.3: S cc phn xng chnh trong nh my lc du Dung Qut

Cc sn phm thng mi ca nh my gm c:
Propylene
Kh ha long LPG (cho th trng ni a)
Xng Mogas 92/95
Du hoa
Nhin liu phn lc Jet A1
Diezel t
Du t (FO)
Lu hunh
1.3 Tng quan v phn xng thu hi Propylene ca nh my lc du Dung Qut
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Trang 7
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Hnh 1.4: Phn xng PRU ca nh my lc du Dung Qut [3]

1.3.1 Vai tr v tr
Phn xng tch Propylene nm trong cm nhng phn xng x l kh ca
nh my lc du. Vi mc ch chnh l tch propylene ra khoi hn hp kh t phn
xng cracking xc tc a i sn xut polypropylene hay lm nguyn liu cho
cng nghip ha du .
i vi NMLD Dung Qut, phn xng thu hi Propylene (PRU) c thit k
x l dng hn hp C3/C4 (c ln C2) n t phn xng RFCC. Dng nguyn liu
ny c tch loi phn ln hm lng Mercaptan, COS v H 2S bng Amin. Phn
xng PRU s tch v tinh ch propylene t tinh khit cao ti 99,6% khi
lng.
Phn xng tch propylene gm nhng cm sau :
+ Tch C4+
+ Tch Ethane
+ Tch Propane
Thit b tch chnh propane/propylene c hai cp:
-
Cp mt l giai on tch ethane v nhng sn phm nh hn propylene.
Dng C3 i ra t thp ny c hm lng Propylene t xp x 74% khi lng.

-
Cp hai l ct tch propylene/propane bm nhit p sut thp. Sn phm
propylene (t 99,6% khi lng) t ct tch propane/propylene tip tc c tinh ch

tch loi cc hp cht ca lu hunh v nit.
n tt nghip
Trang 8
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
1.3.2 C s thit k
1.3.2.1 c trng nguyn liu
Dng nhp liu cho phn xng PRU l dng C3/C4 LPG qua x l n t phn
xng RFCC.
Vi trng hp s dng du th Bch H v v n hnh ch thu hi xng ti
a, nguyn li u cho phn xng PRU c thnh phn hydrocacbon v cc tp cht
c trnh by trong bng sau:
Bng 1.1: Thnh phn nhp liu thit k cho phn xng PRU [3]
Thnh phn
Methane
Ethane
Ethylene
Acetylen
Propane
Propylene
Metyl Acetylen
Propadiene
iso-Butane
n-Butane
iso-Butene
1-Butene
Cis-2-Butene
Trans-2-Butene
1,2 Butadien
Pentene
Pentane
C6+
n v
%wt
%wt
%wt
ppm (wt)
%wt
%wt
ppm (wt)
ppm (wt)
%wt
%wt
%wt
%wt
%wt
%wt
%wt
%wt
%wt
%wt
Hm lng
0
0,58
0,01
1
7,94
26,24
30
10
19,01
7,51
8,52
8,18
8,39
12,77
0,14
0,59
0,11
0
n tt nghip
Trang 9
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Bng 1.2: Thnh phn tp cht trong dng nguyn liu ca phn xng PRU [3]
Thnh phn
H2S
Mercaptan
Cacbony sunfit
Lu hunh tng
Nc t do
Asin (Arsine)
Posphine
Antimon
Oxy
Nit
Hydro
CO
CO2
Oxygenates
Clo
Amoniac
Kim, nh Na+
Ha cht thm vo
n mn tm ng
Hm lng
0,5 ppm (wt)
15 ppm (wt)
0,5 ppm (wt)
16 ppm (wt)
30 ppm (wt)
35 ppb (wt)
35 ppb (wt)
0
0
0
0
0
1 ppm (wt)
2 ppm (wt)
2 ppm (wt)
2 ppm (wt)
1 ppm (wt)
0
mu 1 max
Dng tp cht
(dng Lu hunh)
(dng Lu hunh)
(dng Lu hunh)
(dng Lu hunh)
Cng sut nguyn li u phn xng PRU l 77240 kg/h khi vn hnh vi
nguyn liu c thnh phn nu trn, nhm thu hi 19535 kg/h propylene.
1.3.2.2 Tiu chun sn phm
Phn xng PRU c thit k sn xut Propylene tiu chun p ng qu trnh
sn xut polyme v hn hp C4 (Mixed C4) phi trn cho xng.
Tiu chun sn phm Propylene ca phn xng PRU c trnh by trong bng 1.3:
n tt nghip
Trang 10
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Bng 1.3: Tiu chun sn phm Propylene t phn xng PRU [3]
Thnh phn
Propylene
Tng lng parafine
Methane
Ethylene
Ethane
Acetylen, metyl acetylen
C4+
Hydro
Nit
CO
CO2
Oxy
Nc
Oxygenates
Clo
Lu hunh tng
COS
Arsine
Phosphine
n v
%wt
%wt
ppm (wt)
ppm (wt)
ppm (wt)
ppm (wt)
ppm (wt)
ppm (wt)
ppm (wt)
ppm (wt)
ppm (wt)
ppm (wt)
ppm (wt)
ppm (wt)
ppm (wt)
ppm (wt)
ppm (wt)
ppm (wt)
ppm (wt)
Tiu chun
99,6 min
0,4 max
20 max
25 max
300 max
5 max
50max
20 max
100 max
0,33 max
1 max
1 max
bo ha
15 max
1 max
1 max
2 max
0,03 max
0,03 max
Tiu chun Mixed C4: Hn hp ca C4 t PRU cha khng qu 1% khi lng ca

C3 v cc cu t nh hn.
1.3.2.3 Cn bng vt cht
Bng 1.4: Cn bng vt cht PRU [3]
Vo PRU
Treated LPG vo PRU
Ra PRU
Propylene
Mixed C4
LPG sn phm
Off-gas
Nc vo OWS
77240 kg/h
19580 kg/h
16827 kg/h
39972 kg/h
828 kg/h
33 kg/h
Bng 1.5: iu kin v n hnh ca dng nguyn liu v cc dng sn phm [3]
Tn dng
Treated LPG vo PRU, min
Propylene
iu kin vn hnh
p sut (kg/cm2g) Nhit , oC
14,5
40
28
40
n tt nghip
Trang 11
Mixed C4
LPG sn phm
1.3.3 S cng ngh [ph lc]
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
6,1
15,5
40
39
n tt nghip
Trang 12
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
1.3.3.1 Thp tch C3/C4 Spliter (T-2101)
Hnh 1.5: S cng ngh cm thp tch T-2101 phn xng PRU ca nh my [3]
n tt nghip
Trang 13
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Dng C3/C4 LPG t D-2101 c chuyn n T-2101 bng bm nhp liu P2101A/B. Nguyn liu ca thp c tin gia nhit trong thit b trao i nhit gia
dng nhp liu v dng sn phm y ca thp tch C 3/C4 (E-2101) v sau i vo
thp T-2101 ti a 12. Trong T-2101, hn hp C3/C4 c tch thnh C3 vi phn nh
hn nh v C4 vi phn nng hn y.
Thp T-2101 c 33 a v c vn hnh (thit k) p sut 23,5 kg/cm 2_g nh
thp, iu kin cho php ngng t hon ton hi nh bng nc lnh.
Hi i ra t nh thp T-2101 c ngng t hon ton trong thit b ngng t sn
phm nh ca thp tch C3/C4 (E-2102A-D), thit b ngng t bng nc lnh, v i
vo bnh hon lu ca thp tch (D-2102) l ni long hydrocacbon v pha nc c
tch ra.
Mt phn ca dng long t D-2102 c bm bng bm hon lu ca thp tch
C3/C4 (P-2101A/B) lm dng hon lu cho thp T-2101 v phn cn li, hn hp C 3 v
cc thnh phn nh hn c bm n De-ethanizer.
Nhit si li (reboiler heat) c cung cp bi hai thit b un si li hot ng
song song. Thit b un si li ca thp tch C 3/C4 (E-2103A/B) c gia nhit bng
dng steam thp p.
Sn phm y ca T-2101 l Mixed C4s, sau khi trao i nhit vi dng nhp liu
ca T-2101, c lm lnh trong thit b lm lnh sn phm y (E-2104) trc khi
c a n bn cha. Dng Mixed C4s t T-2101 c chia thnh 2 dng sau khi
c lm lnh trong E-2104, mt phn Mixed C4s c a trc tip n Mixed C4s
Sphere v phn cn li c a n LPG Sphere vi dng Propane t y thp tch
Propane/Propylene.
n tt nghip
Trang 14
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
1.3.3.2 Thp tch C2 (T-2102)
n tt nghip
Trang 15
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Mt phn ca long ngng t, gm hn hp C 3 v cc phn nh hn, t D-2102 c

bm bng bm nhp liu ca thp De-ethanizer (P-2103A/B) vo a s 21 ca thp
De-ethanizer (T-2102). Hi C2 v cc phn nh hn c ly ra nh thp.
Thp T-2102 c 66 a v lm vic p sut 27 kg/cm2_g ti nh thp. Hi i ra t
nh thp T-2102 c ngng t mt phn trong thit b ngng t sn phm nh ca
thp De-ethanizer (E-2106) (lm lnh bng Propylene t bnh hon lu ca thp tch
Propane/Propylene), v i vo bnh hon lu ca thp De-ethanizer (D-2103) l ni
long hydrocacbon, nc v pha hi c tch ring. Thit b trao i nhit (E-2107)
c cung cp nhit t dng naphtha nng t phn xng cracking xc tc (RFCC).
Long hydrocacbon t D-2103 c bm bng bm hon lu ca thp De-ethanizer
(P-2104A/B) lm dng hon lu cho T-2101.
n tt nghip
Trang 16
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
1.3.3.3 Thp tch Propane/Propylene (T-2103) [3]
n tt nghip
Trang 17
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Sn phm y ca T-2102 l hn hp C3, sau khi lm ngui trong thit b lm ngui

Propane/Propylene bng nc (E-2109), trao i nhit vi dng Propylene hon lu
(E-2110) trc khi c a trc tip vo a 142 ca thp tch T-2103 l ni qu
trnh tch gia Propane v Propylene din ra.
Thp T-2103 c 190 a theo kiu Enhanced Capacity Multiple Downcomer
(ECMD) ca UOP v lm vic 9 kg/cm 2g ti nh thp. Thp cng c lp t mt
h thng bm nhit.
Hi Propylene ri khoi nh thp T-2103 c trn vi hi t E-2106 v t bnh
hon lu ca thp tch T-2103 (D-2105) sau a n bnh nhp liu ca my nn C2101 chy bng tuabin hi nc khng ngng t (non-condensing back pressure steam
turbine).
Kh sau khi nn c chia thnh 2 dng. Mt dng c a i di iu khin
lu lng nh tc nhn nng n bnh si li ca thp tch C 3 (E-2111), b trao i
nhit kiu ng UOP's High Flux, v sau n bnh hon lu D-2105. Phn cn li
c a n thit b ngng t Propylene (E-2112A-F), c lm lnh bng nc v
i n D-2105. p sut trong thp T-2103 c duy tr bi mt van iu khin p sut
ti u ra ca E-2112A-F iu chnh dng Propylene ngng t quay li D-2105.
Long Propylene t D-2105 c chia thnh hai s dng. Mt dng di p sut
ca D-2105 c lm lnh trong E-2110 v sau c tch ra lm hai dng. Phn
u c a n T-2103 lm hon lu di iu khin dng, phn th hai c a
n E-2106 nh tc nhn lnh. Mt dng khc ri D-2105 c bm bng bm
Propylene (P-2106A/B), mt thit b hp th vi lp xc tc n, l ni nhng tp cht
(nh COS, arsenic, cc hp cht pht pho) c loi bo. Propylene tinh khit c
a n cc bnh cu cha Propylen.
Propane t y T-2103 c bm bng bm P-2105A/B c a n bn cha
LPG cng vi Mixed C4 t y T-2101.
1.3.4 Tng quan v cng ngh tch Propane/ Propylene ca NMLD Dung Qut
1.3.4.1 Mt s cng ngh s dng trong thp tch Propane/Propylene trn th gii
Cng ngh Enhanced Capacity Multiple Downcomer (ECMD) trays and
High Flux Tubing ca UOP. Cng ngh ny c nhiu u im l c hiu sut rt

cao, h s truyn nhit ca thit b trao i nhit s dng loi ng High Flux
n tt nghip
Trang 18
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Tubing ca UOP s cao hn t ba n nm ln so vi thit b trao i nhit s dng

cc loi ng thng thng, s dng cng ngh ny cn gim c khong cch
gia hai a so vi cc loi thp thng thng t s gim c chiu cao ca
thp tch. [4]
Hnh 1.8: Enhanced Capacity Multiple Downcomer Tray ca UOP [4]
Hnh 1.9: ng trao i nhit UOP's High Flux [4]
n tt nghip
Trang 19
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Cng ngh ULTRA- FRAC ca Koch- Glitsch. Cng ngh ny c u im l hiu

sut ti a m a c th t c trong vng hn hp tt ln ti 100%. [5]
Hnh 1.10. ULTRA- FRAC tray [5]
n tt nghip
Trang 20
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Hiu sut tng ng vi ngp lt m loi a ny c th t c
Hnh 1.11: Efficiency of ULTRA- FRAC trays in De-Propanizer service [5]

Cng ngh SUPPERFRAC tch hp Omni-Fit Technology ca Koch- Glitsch vi
u im l Tray Spacing thp, tinh khit ca sn phm cao. [6]
n tt nghip
Trang 21
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Hnh 1.12: Overview of 6-Pass SUPPERFRAC tray [6]

Vi s cng ngh
Hnh 1.13: S cng ngh n gin ca C3 splitter [6]
n tt nghip
Trang 22
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Bng 1.6: tinh khit m sn phm c th t c cng ngh SUPPERFRAC

tch hp Omni-Fit Technology ca Koch- Glitsch [6]
Liquid Rate, BPD

Compostion, Mole %
Ethane and lighter
Propylene
Feed
DeC2
Ovhd
C3S
Ovhd
C3S
Btms
19,823
99
14,754
4,600
0,4
78,2
21,1
50,9
45,9
0,0
99,7
0,0
4,5
3,2
0,3
93,2
0,0
0,0
2,3
Propane
Butanes+
0,3
1.3.4.2 Cng ngh tch Propane/Propene trong nh my lc du Dung Qut [3]

Thp tch Propane/Propylene (T-2103) ca NMLD Dung Qut c thit k vi
190 a theo kiu Enhanced Capacity Multiple Downcomer (ECMD) trays ca UOP v
lm vic 9 kg/cm2_g ti nh thp. Thp cng c tch hp b trao i nhit kiu
ng UOP's High Flux cho thit b gia nhit y thp T-2103. y l mt trong nhng
cng ngh hng u trn th gii trong lnh vc phn tch nhng cu t c chnh
lch nho v bay hi tng i.
Thp tch Propane/Propylen ca nh my c 190 a nhng chiu cao ca thp ch
c 81,3m l do Tray Spacing ca loi a ECMD ny ch c 330mm so vi 610mm ca
cc loi a thng thng. Ch vi mt thp tch 190 a nhng tinh khit ca sn
phm Propylene ti thiu t ti 99,6% (m bo tiu chun sn xut Polylmer
Grade Propylene) v hiu sut thu hi Propylen ti thiu ca phn xng l 96%. Qua
nhng thng s trn ta thy rng ECMD l loi a c hiu sut cao, c Tray Spacing
nho nn s gim c s a trong thp cng nh chiu cao ca thp, t gim c
chi ph xy dng, lp t cng nh chi ph vn hnh ca phn xng, nng cao hiu
qu kinh t cho nh my. Chnh v vy m vic la chn cng ngh Enhanced Capacity
Multiple Downcomer (ECMD) trays ca UOP cho phn xng PRU ca nh my l
hon ton chnh xc.
n tt nghip
Trang 23
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
1.4 Tng quan v qu trnh chng ct trong NMLD Dung Qut

Nguyn li u cho nh my lc du l du th, c khai thc t cc mo du. Du
th l l m t hn hp ho cht hu c th long m
c , phn ln l nhng hp
cht ca hydrocarbon, thu c gc alkane, thnh phn rt a dng. Qu trnh chng ct
l qu trnh quan trng trong nh my lc du, phn tch du mo thnh cc phn on,
nhm p ng mc ch s dng cho cc qu trnh ch bin tip theo.
1.4.1 Chng ct nhiu cu t [9]
ng cong chng ct biu din mi quan h gia phn trm chng ct v nhit
chng ct, c trng cho tnh cht bay hi ca cc phn on du mo.
1.4.1.1 ng cong chng ct TBP
ng cong chng ct TBP c xc nh bng qu trnh chng ct lin tc m
trong ngi ta s dng kh nng tch cao bng cch s dng nhiu a tip xc v
t s hi lu ln, c thc hin nh b chng ct theo tiu chun ASTM D 2892 hay
cn gi l chng ct 15/5 ngha l thp chng ct gm 15 a l thuyt v t s hi lu
l 5.
1.4.1.2 ng cong chng ct ASTM
ng cong ASTM c xc nh da trn qu trnh chng ct gin on khng
hi lu v tng ng vi mt a cn bng long-hi.
i vi cc phn on nh, ngi ta s dng tiu chun ASTM D86 ng vi qu
trnh chng ct kh quyn. i vi cc phn on nng, ngi ta tin hnh chng ct
chn khng trnh s phn hu nhit theo tiu chun ASTM D1160.
ng cong ASTM gn vi ng cong VPS (Vaporisation progressive simple)
thu c khi tin hnh chng ct gin on khng hi lu vi mt a l thuyt (1/0)
ng cong VPS xc nh im si u (PI) v im si cui (PF) ca hn hp.
Thc t, ng cong ASTM c mt s khc bit so vi ng VPS:
-im si u PI thp hn do qu trnh chng luyn ban u sinh ra mt lng hi
lu ng sinh hn lm gim nhit .
-im si cui PF thp hn do qu trnh chng ct khng th tin hnh trit m
lun lun tn ti mt lng cn khng th chng ct c trong iu kin th nghim.
n tt nghip
Trang 24
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
1.4.1.3 ng cong bc hi FC
ng cong bc hi FC biu din mi quan h cn bng gia hai pha long-hi o
nhit si tng ng vi p sut cho ngha l biu din mi quan h gia % bc
hi theo nhit tng ng.
ng cong FC c trng bi hai im:
- im u: ng vi 0% bc hi hay nhit si ca hn hp.
- im cui: ng vi 100% bc hi hay nhit im sng ca hn hp.
1.4.2 Cu trc bn trong ca thp chng ct [9]
thp chng ct c hiu qu phn tch ti a th qu trnh tip xc long-hi trong
thp phi xy ra ng u, trit . V vy, ngi ta phi trang b cc c cu bn trong
thp l a hoc m.
o a :
C ba loi a: a chp, a c l v a van
* a chp
Trong cc loi a ny, ng hi c c nh, pha trn mi ng hi c ph mt
chp m thn chp chm trong long. iu ny khin cho hi i qua a phi tip xc
vi long. S tip xc ny c m bo bi chiu cao ca ng chy chuyn so vi
thn chp.
a chp c linh ng ln tuy nhin gi thnh li rt t. Do , a chp ch s
dng cho cc khu vc c bit m lun lun phi m bo tnh thng xuyn ca qu
trnh tip xc long-hi.
Hnh 1.14: a chp

* a c l:
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Trang 25
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
a l tp hp cc l c, c cu to n gin, d v sinh, c nng sut cao v hiu qu

tt do b mt hot ng ln ng thi cng l loi r nht. Tuy nhin, linh ng
ca n li rt thp (d b ngp lt) do rt kh n nh p sut trong.
Hnh 1.15: a c l
* a van:
a van c c cc u im ca a c l, c bit c nng sut cao v hiu qu
tt ng thi khc phc c tnh linh ng km ca a c l. a c cc b phn
lm bt kn cc l khi lng hi khng cn trnh khoi hin tng r r long qua
l ch thp.
Ngi ta chia a van lm hai loi:
Hnh 1.16: a van

- a van c chn : s di chuyn ca chng b khng ch, gii hn bi cc vu hay
hnh dng mc ra cc chn van. a ch c mt chi tit lp trn mi l do gi
thnh gim (hnh 1.17).
n tt nghip
Trang 26
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
- a van c hp : np l ch di chuyn c bn trong mt ci hp c bt c

nh. Loi a ny c u im hn v hn ch c s ma st ca cc chi tit, nh vy
trnh c s bin dng ca l ( hnh 1.18).
Hnh 1.17: ia van co chn
Hnh 1.18: ia van co hp
o m:
Trong thp m
ngi ta b tr vch ngn c cha m
hnh dng khc nhau: ho c l
hnh vnh khuyn, hnh tr c tm chn, hnh yn nga, hnh vng nhn, tng di n
tch tip xc gia hai pha. Khc vi thp a, s tip xc long hi xy ra lin tc do
tng hi u qu chuyn khi gia 2 pha v hi u qu ny cng cao khi di n tch tip xc
ngy cng ln v ch thu n g gia hai pha l chy xoy. Cu trc a gy tn tht p
sut kh ln trong khi m
li khc phc c nhc im ny.
m c phn thnh hai loi tu theo cu to ca chng:
- m vrac: c sp xp ngu nhin trong thp.
- m cu trc (structure): c sp xp trt t theo thit k.
* m vrac:
m vrac c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip lc du, phn thnh hai
nhm: m vng v m yn nga.
- m vng:
Thng thng nht l m Rashing, vt liu bng kim loi, khng khot l rnh,
dng hnh tr c ng knh bng vi chiu cao. Nhc im chnh ca loi m ny
l s phn b km pha long v pha hi gia cc b mt trong v ngoi. Nhc im
ny c khc phc bi m vng Pall ( hnh 1.19). B mt m c khot cc rnh
lm gia thn m to s lu thng tt gia cc pha, tng nng sut v hiu sut.
Cc m vng ny cn c ci tin bng cch gim t l chiu cao v ng knh,
l m CMR ca Glitsch, loi m ny cho php nh hng u tin trc ca m theo
n tt nghip
Trang 27
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
hng thng ng, do i vi mt hiu sut nht nh, nng sut s tng ln do cc
vng m v tr thng ng lm cho long d lu thng hn .
Hnh 1.19:
Vng m Pall
* m cu trc:
m cu trc thng c cu to t cc l kim loi ni, un np gn, b mt
c x l sao cho tng tnh thm t, lm tng b mt tip xc v s chy ri ca pha
long- hi, cho php t h s chuyn khi ln hn. B dy ca m rt nho nn d b
n mn nu vt liu ch to khng tt. Nhc im chnh ca m cu trc l khng
c kh nng chi ra v c bit l khng kh cc c. Khi iu kin lm vic c
khng ch tt nhm trnh cc nguy c ng cn hay to cc th m cu trc c u th
hn v nng sut v hiu sut d gi thnh hi cao (hnh 1.20).
Hnh 1.20: m
cu truc kim loai
- m li:
Hnh 1.21: m
cu truc ceramic
n tt nghip
Trang 28
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Hnh 1.22. m
li
m li l mt kiu m cu trc c bit lm bng cc thanh kim loi c dp
v lp rp to thnh mt mng li. m li c b mt tng i nho, cho hiu sut
trung bnh, c dng cho cc vng lm vic d ng cn, d b mi mn m m cu
trc c in khng x l c (hnh 1.22).
Cc b phn ph:
+ B phn phi: s vn hnh ca m ph thuc ln vo qu trnh phn b pha hi
i t di ln v pha long i t trn xung. Do tr lc gia cc m l ln nht nn
long c xu hng chy ra thnh thp cn hi li i ln tm thp (do sc cng b mt
ti thnh thp ca long ln hn ca hi nn long d bm vo thnh hn v y hi vo
gia thp). Nh vy cng di thp hiu sut tip xc long-hi cng gim, do cn
chia m thnh nhiu tng v cui mi tng cn phi c cc thit b phn phi li long
v hi. B phn phi long c hai loi:
B phn phi long trng lc: cht long chy t do qua cc l, mi l l mt im
phn b nm pha trn tng m (hnh 1.23).
B phn phi long p sut: long c phn chia u trn m nh cc ng phun
sng. Thit b ny t hiu qu hn v tnh u n phn b cng nh v linh ng
(hnh 1.24).
Hnh 1.23: B phn phi long trong lc
Hnh 1.24: B phn phi long ap sut
n tt nghip
Trang 29
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
+ Gi : m c bng nhiu cch khc nhau ty theo chng l m Vrac hay

m cu trc (hnh 1.25)
Hnh 1.25: Gia
Hnh 1.26: B tach giot long ko theo
+ B phn tch git lng ko theo: c chc nng gim lng long cun theo trong
dng hi. Chc nng ny rt quan trng khi cn bo v h thng chn khng, my nn
hay n gin trnh nhim, trnh s pha tp lm gim tinh khit ca cc sn
phm nh bi cc git long nng b ko theo ( hnh 1.26).
1.4.3 Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh chng ct
Cc yu t cng ngh c nh hng trc tip n ca qu trnh chng ct l trng
thi nhi t ng ca dng nguyn liu, nhi t v p sut.
Nhit ca dng nguyn liu:
+ Tng nhit ca dng nguyn liu: S tc ng lm tng nhit vn hnh
thp, tng lu lng hi, gim lu lng long trong ton thp, do s lm nng hn
cc phn on, c th cht lng sn phm nh se gim do ln nhiu cu t nng hn,
nhng cht lng sn phm y s tng.
+ Gm nhit ca nguyn liu: S tc ng lm gim nhit vn hnh ca
thp, gim lu lng hi, tng lu lng long trong ton thp, do s lm nh i cc
phn on sn phm, c th cht lng sn phm nh s tng, cht lng sn phm
y s gim do cha nhiu cu t nh.
p sut vn hnh ca thp:
+ Tng p sut vn hnh ca thp: Chnh lch bay hi gia cc cu t cng
nho, cng kh tch. ng thi ko theo s tng nhit ca ton thp, do s
lm nng thm cc phn on sn phm.
n tt nghip
Trang 30
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
+ Gim p sut vn hnh ca thp: Chnh lch bay hi gia cc cu t cn

tch cng ln, cng d tch. ng thi ko theo s gim nhit ca ton thp, do
lm nh i cc phn on sn phm.
Lu lng nguyn liu:
+ i vi nguyn liu c s bay hi ln:
Tng lu lng s lm thay i im ct, lm tng lu lng sn phm nh, ng
thi s lm nng tt c cc sn phm. Trng hp nguyn liu vo thp nhit
im sng, tng lu lng nguyn liu s tng lu lng sn phm nh cn lu
lng sn phm y khng i.
+ i vi nguyn liu t bay hi :
Tng lu lng nguyn liu s lm thay i im ct, tng lu lng sn phm y,
ng thi s lm nh tt c cc sn phm. Trng hp nguyn liu vo thp nhit
im si, tng lu lng nguyn liu s ch lm tng lu lng sn phm y
cn lu lng sn phm nh hu nh khng i.
S ph thuc ca kh nng tch vo s a l thuyt:
Kh nng tch ca thp tng khi s a l thuyt Nlt tng.
Nlt = Ntt/
Vi l hiu sut a, ph thuc vo loi a, bn cht nguyn liu v cc iu kin
vn hnh ca thp nh nhit , p sut.
Nu s a qu b th qu trnh tch khng trit cn nu s a qu ln th s
tng chiu cao ca thp ng ngha vi vic tng chi ph u t v chi ph vn hnh. V
vy, i vi mt qu trnh chng ct cn xc nh s a l thuyt ti u sao cho m
bo qu trnh phn tch c hiu qu v nng sut cao.
S ph thuc ca kh nng tch vo qu trnh tip xc lng hi trong thp:
Kh nng tch tng nu qu trnh tip xc long hi trong thp tng v ng u.
Tc ng ca qu trnh tip xc long hi n kh nng tch c c trng bi t l
gia lng long v lng hi trong on luyn L/V, v trong on chng L/V.
i vi thp chng ct ta c t l
L/V <1
L/V>1
Kh nng tch ca thp tng khi t l L/V tng l L/V gim ngha l c hai gi tr
ny cng tin gn ti 1.
n tt nghip
Trang 31
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Tuy nhin vic xc nh t s ny khng th thc hin c mt cch d dng v

trong thp cc dng lun tn ti trng thi cn bng ng do khng th xc nh
lng long v hi mt cch chnh xc. V vy ngi ta a ra khi nim t s hi lu
rf v t s un si li rb.
Kh nng tch ca thp tng khi rf v rb tng.
S ph thuc ca kh nng tch vo v tr a tip liu:
Kh nng tch ca thp tng nu nguyn liu c np vo thp v tr a tip
liu thch hp. a tip liu thch hp l a m ti nhit v thnh phn long- hi
trong thp cn bng vi nhit v thnh phn long- hi trong dng nhp liu.
1.5 Tng quan v phn mm m phong Unisim R400 [10]
Phn mm Unisim l sn phm ca t p on Honeywell (USA), c xy dng
v nng cp da trn phn mm chuyn dng Hysys m Honeywell mua li t
Hyprotech.
Unisim cung cp m t lot cc gii php m hnh ho qu trnh trc quan v
sinh ng, t vi c thit k cc qu trnh c th gii quyt c nhiu vn quan
trng ca v n hnh nh my, kim sot dng ra, s dng trc tuyn trong iu khin
v ti u ho, theo di hi u sut nh my v l p k hoch kinh doanh
Unisim ci thi n ng k kh nng m phong cc qu trnh on-line, off-line v
cc ng dng ti u, tnh hi u qu, tin c y , tnh an ton
Vi giao di n quen thu c (ging Hysys) ngi dng c th d dng nm bt v
hiu r hn v cc qu trnh. Unisim cung cp cc m hnh thc t qu trnh v iu
khin ca d n, iu khin tn cng v ti u ho qu trnh sn xut. Vi phn mm
Unisim chng ta s c nhng thit k tt hn cho nh my, tip c n c cc d li u
phn tch, bit c thi gian d li u thay i, a ra cc p ng chnh xc cho tnh
hung bt thng, ti u ho cc thng s t c mc tiu kinh doanh. H thng
iu khin tip tc c tng cng trong khi vn m bo an ton v khi ng
nhanh cho m t qu trnh sn xut mi.
Unisim c s dng r ng ri trong nhiu lnh vc, ch yu l trong cng ngh
lc du, ho cht
Unisim c thit k s dng cho hai trng thi m phong :
n tt nghip
Trang 32
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Steady Mode: Trng thi tnh, s dng thit k cng ngh cho mt qu trnh.
Dynamic Mode: Trng thi ng, m phong thit b hay quy trnh trng thi
ang vn hnh lin tc, kho st s thay i cc p ng ca h thng theo s
thay i ca mt vi thng s.
B phn mm Unisim bao gm
Unisim Design: Cung cp m hnh trc quan v tng tc cho php ngi
dng to ra cc m hnh trng thi tnh (n nh) v trng thi
ng trong thit k nh my. Gip cho ngi dng gim st hot
ng, x l s c, ti u qu trnh vn hnh
Unisim ExchangerNet:
Unisim Flare: c s dng thit k h thng uc t, h thng thng hi,
van x kh n h thng uc t nhm m bo an ton trong
qu trnh vn hnh nh my.
Unisim Heat Exchanger: Dng tnh ton, thit k cc thit b trao i nhit
v ti u nng lng Bao gm cc kiu trao i nhit sau:
+ Trao i nhit dng ng
+ Trao i nhit cho dng
+ Trao i nhit tm ngn
+ Trao i nhit s dng hi nc,
n tt nghip
Trang 33
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
CHNG 2:
M PHNG TNH PHN XNG THU HI PROPYLENE BNG
PHN MM UNISIM R400
2.1 Cc d liu ban u
Dng nguyn liu vo phn xng PRU vi lu lng l 1521 (kmol/h) nhit
400C v p sut l 14 (kg/cm2g) c thnh phn c trnh by trong bng 1.1 &
bng 1.2.
Cc thng s v n hnh ca cc thit b v cc dng c tham kho t ti li u
PFD ca NMLD Dung Qut. [Ph lc]
2.2 Tin hnh m phong
Chn m hnh nhit ng: Peng-Robinson:
Hnh 2.1: Chn m hnh nhit ng

Nhp cc cu t c trong bi ton:
n tt nghip
Trang 34
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Hnh 2.2: Nhp cc cu t

Nhp thnh phn dng nguyn liu:
Hnh 2.3: Thnh phn, tnh cht nguyn liu

Ta tin hnh ci t cc thit b trong phn xng cng cc thng s hot
ng ca chng.
Bm P-2101:
Hnh 2.4: Thit lp bm

Nhp p sut dng ra khoi bm l 21,5 (kg/cm2g)
n tt nghip
Trang 35
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Hnh 2.5: Ci t thng s cho dng ra khi bm

Thit b trao i nhit Heat Exchanger 2101
Hnh 2.6: Thit lp thit b trao i nhit

2.3 M phong thp tch C3/C4 ( T-2101)
Theo ti liu th s a trong mi thp phn tch l s a thc t m m
phong bng phn mm th ta s dng s a l thuyt. Do ta cn xc nh s a l

thuyt t s a thc t bng phng php vng lp da vo hiu sut s dng a
ca thp. Tin hnh nh sau:
n tt nghip
Trang 36
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Bc 1: D on hiu sut s dng a ca thp da vo s liu kinh nghim

(t 0,7 n 0,9). V suy ra s a l thuyt dng m phong.
Bc 2: M phong thp phn tch theo s a l thuyt va xc nh.
Bc 3: Xc nh li hiu sut s dng a ca thp da vo gin OConnell
v kt lun.
Hnh 2.7: Gin OConnell

Ta tin hnh m phong vi s a l thuyt l : 26 v np liu a s 9 (ng
vi hiu sut d on l 78,8 %).
Hiu sut s dng a ca thp c xc nh nh sau:
Hng s K ca Propane (cu t kha nh), i-Butane (cu t kha nng) c
ly t qu trnh m phong.
n tt nghip
Trang 37
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Hnh 2.8: Hng s cn bng K ca cu t kha trn mi a.

Xc nh h s A theo cng thc sau:
: nht pha long trn mi a, cP

Ta s xc nh hiu s s dng a ti 3 v tr:
-
a trn nh
a np liu
a di y
Ta c bng kt qu nh sau:
Bng 2.1: Xc nh hiu sut s dng a thp T-2101
nht (cP)
0,06
0,08
0,07
1
9
26
Cu t kha nh
Cu t kha nng
(Propane)
(i-Butane)
0,92
0,42
1,30
0,72
1,64
1,07
Hiu sut trung bnh (%)
Hiu sut (%)
0,13
0,15
0,11
81
76
83
80
Ta thy rng hiu sut s dng a trung bnh tnh ton c v d on xp x nhau.
Nn hiu sut s dng a d on c th hon ton chp nhn c.
Vy s a l thuyt ca thp T-2101 l 26 (a).
Tin hnh m phong thp vi s a l thuyt c xc nh:

Cc thng s s dng trong m phong ca thp T-2101
Bng 2.2: Bng thng s m phong ca thp T-2101
S a l thuyt
Np liu a s
p sut nh
p sut y
p sut Condenser (D-2102)
Dng np liu
Dng sn phm nh
Dng sn phm y
Ci t thng s vn hnh cho thp:
26
9
20 kg/cm2_g
20,5 kg/cm2_g
19,5 kg/cm2_g
Feed to T-2101
Feed to P-2102
C4 Product
n tt nghip
Trang 38
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Hnh 2.9: Thng s vn hnh ca thp T-2101

Cc tiu chun ca thp:
Hnh 2.10: Tiu chun ca thp T-2101

Thp sau khi c m phong:
n tt nghip
Trang 39
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Hnh 2.11: Thp T-2101 sau khi m phng

Ci t bm P-2102:
Hnh 2.12: Ci t bm
Chn p sut dng ra khoi bm (Feed to T-2102) l 27,18 kg/cm2g
Hnh 2.13: Thit lp thng s cho dng ra khi bm

Dng sn phm y C4 Product c trao i nhit vi dng nguyn liu
vo thp.
n tt nghip
Trang 40
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Hnh 2.14: Thit b trao i nhit E-2101

2.4 M phong thp tch Ethane T-2102
Tng t thp T-2101 ta cn xc nh s a l thuyt dng m phong cho
thp theo gin OConnell.Ta m phong thp vi 55 a l thuyt (d on) ng
vi hiu sut s dng a l 83,3%. Tip n ta xc nh hiu sut s dng a ca
thp ta c bng kt qu sau:
Bng 2.3: Xc nh hiu sut s dng a thp T-2102
nht
(cP)
0,05
0,06
0,05
a
1
16
55
Cu t kha nh
Cu t kha nng
(Ethane)
(propylene)
1,39
0,68
1,75
1,00
1,76
1,02
A
0,10
0,10
0,08
Hiu sut
(%)
84
83
85
84
Ta thy rng hiu sut s dng a trung bnh tnh ton c v d on xp x

nhau. Nn hiu sut s dng a d on c th hon ton chp nhn c.
Vy s a l thuyt dng m phong cho thp T-2102 l 55 a.
Tin hnh m phong thp T-2102 vi 55 a l thuyt:
Cc thng s s dng trong m phong thp T-2102
Bng 2.4: Cc thng s m phong thp T-2102
S a l thuyt
Np liu a s
p sut nh
55
16
27 kg/cm2_g
n tt nghip
Trang 41
p sut y
p sut Condenser (D-2102)
Dng np liu
Dng sn phm nh
Dng sn phm y
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
27,6 kg/cm2_g
27 kg/cm2_g
Feed to T-2102
10
8
Ci t thng s vn hnh cho thp:
Hnh 2.15: Cc thng s vn hnh cho thp T-2102

Cc tiu chun ca thp:
Hnh 2.16: Tiu chun thp T-2102

Thp sau khi c m phong:
n tt nghip
Trang 42
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Hnh 2.17: Thp T-2102 sau khi m phng

Tip theo ta ci t mt s thit b nh:
Thit b lm mt E-2109
Thit b trao i nhit E-2110
Van gim p VLV-100
2.5 M phong thp tch Propane / Propylene T-2103
Tng t thp T-2101 v T-2102 ta cn xc nh s a l thuyt dng m
phong cho thp theo gin Connell.Ta m phong thp vi 165 a l thuyt (d
on) ng vi hiu sut s dng a l 86,8%. Tip n ta xc nh hiu sut s
dng a ca thp ta c bng kt qu sau:
Bng 2.5: Xc nh hiu sut s dng a T-2103
nht
(cP)
0,07
0,08
0,10
Cu t kha nh Cu t kha nng

Hiu sut
A
(Propylene)
(Propane)
(%)
1
1,00
0,91
0,08
90
123
1,03
0,92
0,09
86
165
1,22
1,02
0,12
83
86
a
Vy s a l thuyt dng m phong thp T-2103 l 165 a

Tin hnh m phong thp T-2103 vi 165 a l thuyt:
Trc khi m phong ta thit lp cc dng gi 20; 14 v dng hi lu c thnh phn
v lu lng c ly trong ti liu. [3]
Cc thng s ca dng gi:
n tt nghip
Trang 43
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Bng 2.6: Cc thng s dng gi ca thp T-2103

Thnh phn
Dng
14
Hi lu
20
Cu t
Propylene
Propane
Propylene
Propane
Propylene
Propane
(% kl)
99,6
0,4
99,6
0,4
99,6
0,4
Nhit
(oC)
p sut
(kg/cm2_g)
Lu lng
(kmol/h)
18,8
652
41,4
16,2
107
18,95
6285
Cc thng s s dng trong m phong thp T-2103 l:

Bng 2.7: Cc thng s s dng m phong thp T-2103
S a l thuyt
Np liu a s
p sut nh
p sut y
Dng np liu
Dng sn phm nh
Dng hi lu nh
Dng sn phm y
165
123
9,000 kg/cm2_g
10 kg/cm2_g
Feed to T-2103
13
20
Propane
Cc thng s vn hnh ca thp:
Hnh 2.18: Thit lp thng s vn hnh cho thp T-2103

Cc tiu chun ca thp:
n tt nghip
Trang 44
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Hnh 2.19: Thit lp tiu chun cho thp T-2103

Dng kh i ra nh thp c trn vi dng Propylene i lm tc nhn lnh
thit b trao i nhit E-2106 tr v, v dng hi lu. Dng hn hp ny c qua bnh
tch long D-2104 trc khi i vo my nn C-2101.
Ci t my nn C-2101: p sut dng kh ra khoi my nn l 17,1 (kg/cm2g)
Hnh 2.20: Ci t my nn C-2101
Hnh 2.21: Thit lp thng s cho dng ra khi my nn C-2101

n tt nghip
Trang 45
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Dng kh sau khi ra khoi my nn C-2101 c nhit cao c chia ra lm 2

dng, dng 16 c a i lm dng cp nhit cho y thp T-2103 thit
b gia nhit E-2111, dng 17 th c a n thit b ngng t Propylene
E-2112, ti y Propylene c lm lnh bng nc. Sau hai dng ny s
nhp li v i n bnh tch D-2105.
Bnh tch D-2105
Hnh 2.22: Bnh tch D-2105

Mt s cng c c s dng trong qu trnh m phong:
Cng c Recycle:
Bng 2.8: Cng c Recycle
Cc cng c
Recycle c
s dng
RCY-1
RCY-2
RCY-3
Dng vo
Dng ra
Vapor
27
25
Hi lu
14
20
Thit b trn v chia dng :

Bng 2.9: Cc thit b trn dng
Tn
Mix 100
Mix 101
Dng vo
Hi lu
14
13
16
17
Dng ra
7
To D-2105
n tt nghip
Trang 46
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Bng 2.10: Thit b chia dng

Tn
Dng vo
Dng ra
16
TEE-100
9
17
PROPYLENE
TEE-101
21
22
20
TEE-102
23
24
T l chia dng c tnh ton theo s liu lu lng dng trong nh my.
S sau khi m phong xong: [ph lc]
Hnh 2.23: S tng th sau khi m phng phn xng propylene

Sau khi hon thnh qu trnh m phong ta tin hnh kim tra kim tra kt qu.
2.6 Kim tra v phn tch kt qu:
Thp T-2101:
So snh thnh phn dng sn phm nh v dng sn phm y ca thp T-2101 khi
m phong bng phn mm Unisim vi kt qu trong ti liu: [3]
Bng 2.11: Bng so snh kt qu m phong v ti liu ca thp T-2101
Cu t
Propane
Propene
i-Butane
n-Butane
i-Butene
1-Butene
Cis2-Butene
Tr2-Butene
Sn phm nh
M phong Ti liu
0,2169
0,2153
0,7259
0,7259
0,0184
0,022
0,0021
0,002
0,0085
0,0072
0,0065
0,0062
0,0014
0,0013
0,0036
0,0027
Sai s
0,7562
1E-06
0,1645
0,0697
0,1512
0,0523
0,0944
0,2446
Sn phm y
M phong Ti liu
0,00251
0,0032
0,00300
0,0025
0,28606
0,2842
0,11597
0,116
0,12819
0,1289
0,12397
0,1241
0,13010
0,1301
0,19709
0,1977
Sai s
0,2148
0,1653
0,0065
0,0002
0,0055
0,0011
8E-06
0,0031
n tt nghip
Trang 47
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Thp T-2102:
So snh thnh phn dng sn phm nh v dng sn phm y ca thp T-2102
khi m phong bng phn mm Unisim vi kt qu trong ti liu:
Bng 2.12: So snh kt qu m phong v ti liu ca thp T-2102
Cu t
Ethane
Propane
Propene
Sn phm nh
Sn phm y
Sai s
Sai s
M
Ti
M
Ti
phong
liu
phong
liu
0,5394 0,5409 0,0028 0,00006 0,0001 0,3779
0,0361
0,053 0,3188 0,22251 0,2204 0,0095
0,4150 0,4023 0,0306 0,73548 0,7365 0,0014
Thp T-2103:
So snh thnh phn dng sn phm nh v dng sn phm y ca thp T-2103
khi m phong bng phn mm Unisim vi kt qu trong ti liu: [3]
Bng 2.13: So snh kt qu m phong v ti liu ca thp T-2103
Cu t
Propane
Propene
Sn phm nh
Sai s
Sn phm y
M
Ti
M
Ti
Sai s
phong
liu
phong
liu
0,00387 0,0039 0,0083 0,7986 0,8004 0,0023
0,99604 0,996 4E-05 0,0467 0,0414 0,1133
Qua 3 bng so snh trn ta thy thnh phn cc cu t trong sn phm ca qu

trnh m phong v trong ti liu sai khc khng ng k. c bit i vi dng sn
phm Propylene th dng nh khng c g sai khc. iu ny chng to rng qu trnh
m phong rt st vi thc t (s liu trong ti liu). C th kt lun rng qu trnh
m phong t c hiu qu cao v hon ton chp nhn c.
Tuy nhin qu trnh m phong vn cn nhiu hn ch :
S m phong khng hon ton ging vi thc t, mt s thit b c thay th
thnh thit b khc trong qu trnh m phong nh:
-
i vi thp T-2101 thit b trao i nhit y thp c thay th bng thit
b un si li kiu Kettle, khng s dng nc lm lnh ngng t nh thp.

-
Tng t i vi thp T-2102 thit b trao i nhit y cng c thay th
bng thit b un si li kiu Kettle, thit b trao i nhit nh cng b thay th

-
i vi thp T-2103 th nhiu thit b trao i nhit c thay th bng thit b
lm lnh, gia nhit hay kt hp c 2 thit b lm lnh v gia nhit.

n tt nghip
Trang 48
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Bnh tch D-2101 c bo i bi v theo ti liu th dng nguyn liu vo
bnh tch v dng sn phm ra khoi bnh tch c thnh phn hon ton ging nhau.
n tt nghip
Trang 49
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
CHNG 3:
XY DNG H THNG IU KHIN V M PHNG NG THP
TCH C3 / C4
3.1 Tng quan v h thng iu khin
iu khin t ng c th c phn thnh hai loi chnh l iu khin c kh
nng ng hoc m (discrete control) v iu khin qu trnh (process control).
3.1.1 Nguyn tc iu khin
iu khin ng m
iu khin ng m l h thng iu khin t ng thng c s dng cho
cc nh my lp rp. Trong ngnh cng nghip ho hc ni chung cng nh trong
ngnh cng ngh lc du v ch bin kh ni ring, iu khin ng m tuy khng ph
bin nhng cng l khng th thiu v ng vai tr quan trng, c bit trong cc ng
dng start up, shutdown, an ton nh my.
Nhng u vo, u ra ca loi iu khin ny ch mt trong hai trng thi
ng hay m (on hay off). Phng php iu khin ca loi ny l logic, vi cng OR,
AND, NAND vv....Cch y 40 nm b iu khin ca loi ny l mt h thng rle
v rle thi gian t trong t bng. Vi s pht trin ca ngnh in t, b iu khin
c kh nng lp trnh PLC (Programmable Logic Control) ra i lm cho h thng rle
tr nn li thi.
iu khin qu trnh
Trong cc nh my lc du, ho du, ch bin kh, ngi ta s dng ch yu
loi iu khin ny. Qu trnh sn xut l lin tc, cc thng s iu khin bao gm
nhit , p sut, mc cht long, lu lng, pH, nng .
Thit b u vo thng l t cc b chuyn i tn hiu cho ra tn hiu tng t
dng chun nh 4-20 mA hoc 3-15 psig. Thit b u ra thng thng l cc van iu
khin. Phng php iu khin thng l thut ton iu khin t l (Proportional),
tch phn (Integral) v vi phn (Differential) vit tt l PID.
3.1.2 H thng iu khin phn tn DCS trong nh my hin i
Do t th c nhiu phn xng nm phn tn trong mt din tch ln v c rt
nhiu u vo v u ra ng vi tng phn xng nn hu ht cc nh my lc du
hin nay u s dng h thng iu khin phn tn DCS (Distributed Control System).
n tt nghip
Trang 50
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
H thng c cu thnh bi nhiu h thng nho hn nm phn tn mi phn xng,

mi h thng nho ny c nhim v m bo qu trnh iu khin phn xng m n
m nhim, n chu s qun l ca cc h thng ch bn trn, c th nhn hoc cung
cp tn hiu vi cc h thng ch. Bn thn cc h thng phn tn ny s qun l trc
tip cc thit b ti hin trng nh van, cm bin, m t...
Tp hp tt c cc d liu t cc h thng phn tn tng phn xng s c
gi ln cc h thng cp cao hn, cc h thng ny thng c tp trung phng
iu khin trung tm ca nh my, ni m cc k s vn hnh v nh qun l trc tip
a ra nhng quyt nh v ch hot ng ca nh my.
Ra i t gia nhng nm 70, h thng iu khin phn tn DCS mang n
mt cuc cch mng thc s cho phng iu khin trung tm ca cc nh my lc du
bng cch s ho nhng vng iu khin v biu din thng tin ca qu trnh ln mn
hnh iu khin.
Hnh 3.1: M hnh h thng iu khin DCS

u im ca DCS
m bo an ton cao trong qu trnh hot ng.
Lu tr cc thng tin trong qu trnh hot ng phc v cho cng tc thng

k, nghin cu, hoch nh chin lc.
Cung cp ci nhn tng qut nht v hot ng ca nh my.
n tt nghip
Trang 51
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Cc module tnh ton cho php trin khai cc chin lc iu khin nhm
mc ch ti u hiu qu cng ngh v hiu qu kinh t.
Giao din thn thin vi ngi vn hnh bng ngn ng v hnh nh...
3.1.3 B iu khin PID

- Vai tr ca b iu khin PID
Tn gi PID l ch vit tt ca ba thnh phn gm khu khuych i P (Proportional),
khu tch phn I (Integral) v khu vi phn D (Differential).
S hot ng ca khu PID nh sau:
B iu khin PID c s dng kh rng ri iu khin i tng theo

nguyn l hi tip, c bit l trong ngnh cng nghip qu trnh, trong ni bt nht
l lnh vc du kh. L do b iu khin ny c s dng rng ri l tnh n gin v
cu trc ca n ln nguyn l lm vic. B iu khin PID c nhim v a sai lch
e(t) gia gi tr ci t SP v gi tr thc t PV v khng sao cho qu trnh qu tho
mn cc yu cu c bn v cht lng.
B iu khin PID c m t bng m hnh vo ra theo phng trnh sau
1
u(t) = kp[ e(t) + T
i
e(t )dt + Td
0
de(t )
]
dt
Trong :
Kp l h s khuych i, t trng cho khu t l.
Ti l hng s tch phn, t trng cho khu tch phn.
Td l hng s vi phn, t trng cho khu vi phn.
y l ba thng s t trng cho b iu khin PID.
Cht lng h thng ph thuc vo ba thng s ny. Mun c h thng c cht lng
nh mong mun th phi phn tch i tng ri trn c s chn cc thng s K p,
Ti, Td cho ph hp.
n tt nghip
Trang 52
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
- La chn khu tc ng v cc thng s t trng cho PID

Nhim v ca vic thit k b iu khin PID cho mt qu trnh c th l
La chn khu tc ng
Tnh ton cc thng s t trng cho tng khu
Khng phi bao gi cng dng c ba khu ny trong mt vng iu khin.
Thng thng tc ng P + I c dng iu khin cc thng s thay i
nhanh nh iu khin mc, iu khin p sut, iu khin lu lng.
Tc ng P + I + D c dng iu khin cc thng s thay i chm nh
iu khin nhit , iu khin pH, iu khin nng .
Vic la chn cc thng s t trng cho mi khu thng thng c cn c
vo hm truyn ca qu trnh.
Ngy nay c mt s b iu khin hin i c th t ng la chn cc khu
iu khin v k c vic thit t cc thng s t trng cho tng khu.
Bng sau trnh by kinh nghim la chn khu iu khin v cc thng s c
trng cho mi khu ng vi tng qu trnh c th ng dng trong m phong ng ca
phn mm Unisim
Bng 3.1: Thng s c trng cho cc qu trnh diu khin [11]
Qu trnh
Kp
Ti (pht)
Td (pht)
iu khin nhit
2-10
2-10
0-5
iu khin p sut
2-10
2-10
Khng s dng
iu khin mc
2-10
1-5
Khng s dng
iu khin lu lng
0,4- 0,65
0,05- 0,25
Khng s dng
Trn y l bn qu trnh iu khin c bn, tt c cc vng iu khin trong

thc t u l s cu thnh ca cc thnh phn trn. Khu PID rt t c s dng
trong thc t iu khin qu trnh, hu ht tt c cc qu trnh u c th iu khin
c bng khu PI nu la chn ng cc thng s t trng.
3.2 Vai tr ca qu trnh m phong ng
Trong qu trnh vn hnh thc t cc phn xng cc thng s hot ng nh:
nhit , p sut, lu lnglun thay i nh hng n hot ng ca tng thit b
n tt nghip
Trang 53
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
v ca ton nh my. Do v y cn nh gi qu trnh hot ng thc ca nh my m

phong ng.
Cc dng c o lng cn thit cho cc nh my cng nghip hot ng chnh
xc v an ton. Chng c s dng iu khin qu trnh nhm t c cc ch
tiu k thut ca sn phm cng nh ngng hot ng nh my trc khi c s c xy
ra.
duy tr hot ng an ton i hoi cc dng c o lng cn phi:
-
Gi cho cc bin qu trnh nm trong gii hn vn hnh.
Pht hin ra cc nguy c xy ra nguy him khi chng xut hin.
Cung cp cc cnh bo hoc dng h thng khi cn.

3.3 M phong ng s vn hnh ca thp tch C3/ C4 (T-2101)
3.3.1 Xc nh a nhy cm
a nhy cm l a m ti s thay i nhit l ln nht v i xng khi cn
bng vt cht ca thp thay i. Nu ta khng ch c nhit a nhy cm th ta s
khng ch c cn bng vt cht tng ca thp khng ch c im ct.
Nguyn tc xc nh a nhy cm l c nh t s hi lu v thay i lu lng
sn phm y trong khong (-5% 5%). Xc nh nhit ca a no thay i nhiu
nht v i xng th l a nhy cm.
Trn monitor page, thay i tiu chun v lu lng sn phm y v gi nguyn t s
hi lu.
Hnh 3.2: Thay i v tiu chun trong thp xc nh a nhy cm

n tt nghip
Trang 54
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Thc hin thay i ko theo nhit ca cc a cng thay i, v mi ln thay i ta

s a s liu thay i nhit t Unisim qua Excel. T cng c Excel ta xy dng
c th biu din s thay i nhit ca tng a trong thp khi c s thay i
cn bng vt cht tng nh sau.
Hnh 3.3: th xc nh a nhy cm

Qua th ta xc nh c a nhy cm ca thp T-2101 l a s 5
3.3.2 Qu trnh chuyn t trng thi tnh sang trng thi ng
Thm Valve vo s cng ngh:
n tt nghip
Trang 55
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Hnh 3.4: Thm valve vo s cng ngh

Xc nh kch thc ca cc thit b
Xc nh th tch ca bnh ngng t nh thp: Th tch ca bnh ngng
t sao cho lu c lng long trong thi gian 5 n 15 pht v chim
50% th tch bnh.
Ta c: V = 218,4 / 60 * 15 * 2 = 72,8 (m3)
Tng t ta xc nh c th tch ca Reboiler l 28 (m3)
Tray sizing thp T-2101
Cc thng s quan trng bao gm:
- Tray diameter (ng knh a)
- Weir length (chiu di vch ngn)
- Weir height (chiu cao vch ngn)
- Tray spacing (khong cch gia hai a)
Kt qu ca qu trnh sizing thp T-2101:
Hnh 3.5: Kt qu ca qu trnh Sizing thp T-2101

T bng trn ta xc nh c cc thng s chnh ca thp nh sau:
-
ng knh a : 2,743 (m)
Chiu di vch ngn : 2,4135 (m)
Chiu cao vch ngn : 50,8 (mm)
n tt nghip
Trang 56
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Khong cch gia 2 a : 0,6096 (m)
Ci t li cc thng s cho bnh tch, thit b un si li, thp phn tch theo
cc s liu m ta sizing c. i vi thp chnh T-2101 th ta hiu chnh li p sut

ti nh thp v y thp sao cho ph hp vi tn tht p sut trn mi a theo kt
qu sizing c.
3.3.3 Thit lp cc thit b iu khin
3.3.3.1 iu khin nhit a nhy cm
Khi nhit trong thp thay i th s nh hng n cn bng vt cht trong
thp v cht lng sn phm cng thay i. Do ta phi s dng thit b iu khin
khng ch nhit trong thp khng i thng qua vic khng ch nhit a
nhy cm m bo cn bng vt cht trong thp.
Nhit a s 5 c iu khin bng cch iu khin lng nhit un si y
thp:
Qu trnh ci t nh sau:
Trn Tab Conection ta thc hin nh sau:
Hnh 3.6: Kt ni cho thit b iu khin nhit a s 5

Process Variable Source: Ngun cung cp tn hiu cho thit b iu khin.
Variable: Tn hiu thay i m thit b iu khin ghi nhn.
Output Target Object: i tng b iu khin bi thit b iu khin.
n tt nghip
Trang 57
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Trn Tab Parameters ta thc hin nh sau:
Hnh 3.7: Ci t cc thng s cho thit b iu khin nhit a s 5

PV (Process Variable): Gi tr thay i m b iu khin o c.
SP (Set point): Gi tr ci t cho thit b iu khin. Mt thit b iu khin
c th nhn Set point bng tay hoc nhn trc tip t mt hay nhiu thit b
iu khin khc.
C hai tu chn cho Action ca thit b iu khin l Direct v Reverse.
- Direct: Khi PV vt ln trn SP th OP tng, khi PV tt xung di SP th
OP gim.
- Reverse: Khi PV vt ln trn SP th OP gim, khi PV tt xung di SP
th OP tng.
PV Minimum: Gi tr bin cc tiu c th ghi nhn v iu khin.
PV Maximum: Gi tr bin cc i c th ghi nhn v iu khin.
Turning: Kiu vn hnh ca van. C 4 ch chnh bao gm Off (ng),

Man (iu khin bng tay), Auto (iu khin t ng), Indicator (ch ng
vai tr l thit b hin th).
n tt nghip
Trang 58
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
3.3.3.2 iu khin p sut nh thp

p sut lm vic ca thp l mt thng s rt quan trng, trong qu trnh vn
hnh phi m bo n nh p sut cho thp. Do ta ci t mt thit b iu khin
khng ch p sut nh thp.
Qu trnh ci t nh sau:
Hnh 3.8: Ci t thit b iu khin p sut nh thp

3.3.3.3 iu khin mc cht long
m bo cho bnh tch nh thp v thit b un si y thp lm vic n nh
th ta phi m bo mc cht long trong cc thit b phi chim 50 % th tch thit
b. Do ta ci t thit b iu khin mc cht long trong cc thit b .
Thit b iu khin mc cht long cho Condenser (Cond LC)
n tt nghip
Trang 59
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Hnh 3.9: Ci t thit b iu khin mc cho Condenser

Thit b iu khin mc cht long cho Reboiler (Reb LC)
Hnh 3.10: Ci t thit b iu khin mc cho Reboiler

3.3.3.4 iu khin lu lng
theo di nh hng ca bin nhiu n cht lng sn phm cng nh cn
bng vt cht ca thp. Ta ci t mt thit b iu khin lu lng cho thp to ra
bin nhiu (l s nhiu v lu lng nguyn liu).
Hnh 3.11: Ci t thit b iu khin lu lng nguyn liu

Bng 3.2: Tng kt cc thng s gi tr ca b iu khin
Stage 5 TC
Top PC
Action
Reverse
Direct
Mode
Auto
Auto
PVmin
500C
15 kg/cm2g
PVmax
800C
25 kg/cm2g
Kc
2
2
Ti
10
10
Td
1
n tt nghip
Trang 60
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Cond LC
Direct
Auto
10%
90%
2
10
Reb LC
Direct
Auto
10%
90%
2
5
Feed FC
Reverse Auto
0 kg/h
100000 kg/h 0,5 0,5
3.3.4 Chuyn sang m hnh ng
Sau khi ci t cc thng s cho cc thit b v thit t cc thit b iu khin cng
vi cc thng s hot ng ca chng ta chuyn sang m hnh trng thi ng bng
cch kch vo biu tng dynamic :
3.3.5 Thit lp bng tnh ton cn bng vt cht v Data book

Thit lp bng tnh ton cn bng vt cht cho thp nh sau:
a cc thng s vo bng tnh ton:
Hnh 3.12: a cc thng s vo bng tnh ton cn bng vt cht

Thit lp cng thc v a ra kt qu trong bng tnh ton cn bng vt cht:
n tt nghip
Trang 61
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Hnh 3.13:Thit lp cng thc v a ra kt qu trong bng tnh ton

Thit lp Data Book
Cc i lng chng ta cn quan tm y l:
Cht lng sn phm c biu hin qua cc thng s: Hm lng Propan
trong sn phm y v hm lng n-C4 trong sn phm nh
iu kin lm vic ca thp biu hin qua thng s p sut nh thp
Lu lng sn phm ca qu trnh chng ct
Cn bng vt cht ca thp biu hin qua t l gia lu lng sn phm nh v
lu lng sn phm y
Do ta s a cc thng s trn vo Data Book nh sau:
n tt nghip
Trang 62
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Hnh 3.14: a cc thng s v Data Book

Thit lp cc Strip Charts:
Hnh 3.15: Thit lp d liu cho biu nh hng ca bin nhiu

3.3.6 Chy m phong ng, xem kt qu v so snh vi kt qu m phong tnh
Bng 3.3: So snh kt qu gia m phong ng v m phong tnh
n v
Sn phm nh
Sai s
Tnh
ng
(%)
Sn phm y
Sai s
Tnh
ng
(%)
Nhit
50,87
50,55
0,63
110,40 109,60
0,72
p sut
kg/cm2_g
20,00
20,00
0,00
20,50
20,19
1,51
Lu lng
Kmol/h
650,40 651,40
0,15
870,60 870,10
0,06
Thnh phn
Ethane
1,61
1,60
0,62
0,00
0,00
0,00
Propane
21,65
21,50
0,69
0,26
0,33
2,.21
72,49
72,45
0,06
0,32
0,30
6,25
i-Butane
1,90
2,23
14,80
28,60
28,41
0,66
n-Butane
0,22
0,20
9,09
11,60
11,61
0,09
Propene
% mass
Nhn xt:
n tt nghip
Trang 63
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Qua bng so snh trn ta thy rng nhit , p sut, lu lng ca dng sn
phm nh v dng sn phm y gia 2 qu trnh tnh v ng chnh lch khng ng
k.
V cht lng sn phm chnh lch cng khng ng k tuy nhin i vi nhng
thnh phn chim t l nho th sai s hi ln nhng c th chp nhn c
Do vy qu trnh m phong ng ca chng ta hon ton chp nhn c.
3.3.7 nh gi nh hng ca cc bin nhiu
Biu th hin cht lng sn phm v cn bng vt cht ca thp trc khi
c bin nhiu (bin nhiu l s thay i v lu lng nguyn liu).
Hnh 3.16: Cht lng sn phm v cn bng vt cht cha n nh
n tt nghip
Trang 64
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Hnh 3.17: Cht lng sn phm v cn bng vt cht lc n nh

- ng mu xanh da tri l hm lng C4 (% khi lng) trong sn phm nh
- ng mu xanh l cy l hm lng C3 (% khi lng) trong sn phm y
- ng mu o l t l gia Distillate/ Bottom
Khi c bin nhiu l s thay i lu lng nguyn liu (do ta to ra) th ta c biu
sau:
n tt nghip
Trang 65
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Hnh 3.18: Xut hin bin nhiu lc cha n nh
Hnh 3.19: Xut hin bin nhiu lc n nh

Qua hai biu trn ta thy rng vi s iu khin m ta a ra trn khi
bin nhiu ln th cht lng sn phm v cn bng vt cht trong thp vn
cha c m bo. Do vy chng em thm vo thit b iu khin sm m
bo cht lng sn phm cng nh cn bng vt cht trong thp lun m bo.
Thit b c thm vo nh sau:
n tt nghip
Trang 66
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Hnh 3.20: Ci t thng s cho thit b iu khin sm

Khi thm thit b iu khin sm vo ta nhn c biu th hin s nh
hng ca bin nhiu nh sau:
Hnh 3.21: Khi thm thit b iu khin sm lc cha n nh
n tt nghip
Trang 67
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Hnh 3.22: Khi thm thit b iu khin sm lc n nh
Hnh 3.23: S iu khin thp tch Butane
n tt nghip
Trang 68
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
CHNG 4:
THIT K V TI U VN HNH THP TCH PROPYLEN
4.1 C s l lun
Propylene l mt ngun nguyn liu quan trng trong cng nghip ha du.
Ngun cung cp Propylene ch yu l phn on C3 ca phn xng FCC trong nh
my lc du. Phn on C3 sau khi c tch C2- v C4+ s cn li hai thnh phn
ch yu l Propane v Propylene. Mun thu c Propylene c tinh khit cao th ta
cn tip tc phn tch Propane ra khoi Propylene bng mt thp chng ct.
Nh c bit th mc ch ca qu trnh chng ct l thu c sn phm
long c tinh khit cao p ng c yu cu ca thc t. Thp phn tch Propylene
cng khng ngoi l, mc ch ca ta l phi thu c sn phm Propylene long nh
c tinh khit cao.
Do phn tch Propane ra khoi Propylene ta s dng mt thp chng ct
c thit b ngng t nh thp. Nu ta s dng tch nhn lnh r tin nh nc hay
khng kh ngng t nh thp th nhit ti thiu ca bnh ngng t l 400C,
nhit ny mun ngng t c Propylene th p sut bnh ngng t khong 15 n
16 bar. Do vy p sut lm vic ca thp khong 15,5 n 16,5 bar, mun t c sn
phm Propylene c tinh khit cao th ta cn s dng thp c s a cao hoc c t
s hi lu ln. Vi p sut lm vic cao nh vy m thit k thp c s a ln th chi
phi s rt ln.
Trong trng hp ny ta chn gii php l gim p sut lm vic cho thp
gim chi ph thit k thp. Tuy nhin trong trng hp ny th nhit ti bnh ngng
t s thp xung khi tc nhn lnh m ta s dng ngng t nh thp khng th
l nc hay khng kh c m phi l mt tc nhn lm lnh su hn (c tin hn
nhiu) nh Propane Tuy nhin ta vn c th s dng tc nhn lnh l khng kh hoc
nc thay v phi s dng tc nhn lnh c tin bng cch s dng thm mt h thng
my nn v thit b trao i nhit. Ta s m phong v so snh hai qua trnh trn tm
ra phng php ti u nht.
4.2 Tnh ton v m phong tnh thp tch Propylene
Ngun nguyn liu cho thp tch Propylene l sn phm y ca thp tch
Ethane trong phn xng FCC ca nh my lc du Dung Qut c thnh phn chnh
n tt nghip
Trang 69
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
c tham kho trong ti liu ca phn xng FCC trong nh my lc du Dung

Qut.
Vi ngun nguyn liu trn ta s dng cng c Shortcut trong phn mm Unisim
xc nh s a ca thp chng ct.

iu kin vn hnh ca thp:
p sut nh : 16,2 (kg/cm2)
p sut y : 17,2 (kg/cm2) (gi thit tn tht p sut trong ton thp l 1
kg/cm2)
T s hi lu : 13,5 (tham kho s liu nh my lc du t s ny c th thay
i trong m phong t c hiu qu ti u)
Tiu chun sn phm nh v y tham kho s liu nh my lc du
Phn mol ca Propylene y thp l: 0,0449
Phn mol ca Propane nh thp l: 0,0037
M hnh nhit ng s dng m phong l SRK
M hnh m phong:
Hnh 4.1: S dng cng c Shortcut xc nh s a l thuyt ti thiu
n tt nghip
Trang 70
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Kt qu m phong:
Hnh 4.2: Kt qu ca Shortcut

Sau khi s dng cng c Shortcut ta xc nh c cc thng s sau:
S a l thuyt : 167 (a)
a np liu : a s 106
Nhit Condenser : 40,630C
Nhit Reboiler : 55,210C
M phong li thp phn tch vi s a v a np liu m Shortcut ngh

M hnh m phong:
Hnh 4.3: M phng thp tch theo ngh ca Shortcut
n tt nghip
Trang 71
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Kt qu m phong:
Hnh 4.5: Kt qu m phng theo ngh ca Shortcut

Sau khi m phong thp phn tch theo ngh ca Shortcut ta thy cht lng
sn phm c m bo theo yu cu.
Tuy nhin nu thit k thp tch nh trn th rt tn chi ph v p sut lm vic ln v
s a trong thp nhiu.
Do vy ta s gim p sut lm vic xung gim chi ph thit k thp. Nhng
gim p sut vn hnh ca thp xung cn bao nhiu th ta phi la chn cho ph
hp. Vic la chn ny ph thuc vo tc nhn lnh m ta s dng ngng t nh
thp. Vi d nh s dng tc nhn lnh l Propane long (tc nhn lnh r trong
nhng tc nhn lnh c tin) th p sut ta la chn gim xung l 9 (kg/cm2g).
Ta s m phong li thp vi p sut nh l 9 (kg/cm2g) v p sut y l 10
(kg/cm2g), cc iu kin khc th vn gi nguyn nh trng hp trn.
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Trang 72
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Sau khi m phong ta c kt qu nh sau:
Hnh 4.6: Kt qu m phng thp khi h p sut vn hnh

Trong iu kin vn hnh ca thp nh th ny th ch s hi lu gim nhiu so
vi trng hp trn tuy nhin nhit nh thp cng gim xung cn khong
18.50C. Nh ni trn nhit ny mun ngng t c Propylene ta phi s
dng tc nhn lm lnh su l Propane (t tin hn nc hay khng kh). Tuy nhin
ta vn c th s dng tc nhn lm lnh l khng kh ngng t dng sn phm
Propylene nh thp bng cch s dng mt my nn nng p dng sn phm
nh ln 16 n 17 (kg/cm2g).
M phong trng hp s dng my nn c th s dng tc nhn lnh l nc
hay khng kh.

Trong m hnh ny ta s s dng thm cc thit b sau:
-
Hai thit b trn dng v 3 thit b chia dng
Mt bnh tch long t trc my nn m bo khng c long trong

dng nguyn liu i vo my nn
Mt my nn nng p dng sn phm nh ln 17,1 (kg/cm2g) (p sut

c th s dng nc hay khng kh lm tc nhn lnh ngng t)
Mt s thit b trao i nhit tn dng nhit
V mt bnh ngng t tch Propylene long sn phm
S sau khi m phong xong:
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Trang 73
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Hnh 4.7: S m phng thp tch Propylene c s dng my nn

Qua s trn ta thy n c nhiu u im hn so vi vic s dng tc nhn
lm lnh su:
-
Tc nhn lm lnh y l nc hoc khng kh do vy ta s gim c

chi ph vn hnh thp
Dng sn phm sau khi ra khoi my nn c nhit cao nn c th tn

dng nhit un si y thp do gim c chi ph nng lng cho
thp
T s hi lu nho do mt phn sn phm s c tun hon li qu

trnh tch do s tng c cht lng sn phm.
Tnh ton cc thng s quan trong ca thp (Sizing thp) bng cng cu h tr
Tray sizing
Qu trnh Tray sizing nh sau:
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Trang 74
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Hnh 4.8: Cc bc Sizing thp tch Propylene

Kt qu ca qu trnh Tray sizing:
Hnh 4.9: Kt qu ca qu trnh Sizing

Qua bng kt qu trn ta xc nh c cc thng s ca thp nh sau:
-
ng knh thp: 3,658 (m)
Chiu cao vch ngn: 50,8 (mm)
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Trang 75
Tng chiu di vch ngn: 8,892 (m)
Khong cch gia 2 a 0,6096 (m)
ngp lt ti a 74,27 (%)
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Xc nh s a thc t ca thp
Da vo gin OConnell ta xc nh hiu sut s dng a ca thp nh sau:
Ta xc nh hiu sut s dng a ti 3 v tr sau:
-
a nh
a np liu
a y
Hng s K ca cu t kha nng (Propane) v cu t kha nh (Propylene) ly

t qu trnh m phong nh sau:
Bng 4.1: Hng s K ca cu t kha nng v cu t kha nh
a
Cu t kha nng (Propane)
Cu t kha nh (Propylene)
a nh
0,9052
a np liu
0,9112
1,028
a y
1,025
1,216
Xc nh h s A theo cng thc sau:
: nht pha long trn mi a (cP)

Da vo h s A tra theo gin OConnell ta c bng kt qu sau:
Bng 4.2: Xc nh hiu sut s dng a
nht
(cP)
0,06
0,09
0,1
a
a nh
a np
liu
a y
T2103
Cu t kha nh
(Propane)
1
Cu t kha nng
A
(i-Butane)
0,9052
0,07
Hiu sut
(%)
92
1,028
0,9112
0,10
85
1,216
1,025
0,12
83
87
Vy s a thc t ca thp l: 167/0,87=192 (a)

Chiu cao thc t ca thp l:
191 x 0,6096 = 116,43 (m)
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GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Xc nh th tch ca cc bnh tch:

Th tch ca bnh tch sao cho lu c lng long trong thi gian 5 n 15 pht
v chim 50% th tch bnh.
Lu lng dng long ra khoi bnh tch l 598 (m3/h) v ta chn thi gian lu ca
long trong bnh tch l 5 pht. Ta xc nh th tch ca bnh tch nh sau:
V = 598/60*5*2 = 99 (m3)
4.3 Kt qu v nhn xt
So snh kt qu ca qu trnh m phong v kt qu trong ti liu:
Dng sn phm nh Propylene:
Bng 4.3: So snh thnh phn dng sn phm nh gia dng m phong v ti liu
Cu t
Ethane
Ethylene
Acetylene
Propane
Propene
Propadiene
M-Acetylene
i-Butane
n-Butane
i-Butene
1-Butene
Cis2-Butene
Tr2-Butene
1,2-Butadiene
1-Pentene
n-Pentane
H2S
M-Mercaptan
COS
H2O
CO2
Oxygen
Amonia
Dng Propene
M phong
Ti liu
0,000083
0,0001
0,0000
4 ppb
0,0000
0,0000
0,003932
0,0039
0,995985
0,9960
0,0000
1 ppb
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
34 ppb
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
1 ppm
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
0,0000
1 ppm
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GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Dng sn phm y Propane:

Bng 4.4: So snh thnh phn dng sn phm y gia dng m phong v ti liu
Cu t
Sn phm y
M phong
Ti liu
Ethane
0,0000
0,0000
Ethylene
0,0000
0,0000
Acetylene
0,0000
0,0000
Propane
0,800402
0,8004
Propene
0,040573
0,0414
Propadiene
0,000001
0,0001
M-Acetylene
0,000371
0,0003
i-Butane
0,084145
0,0837
n-Butane
0,007784
0,0077
i-Butene
0,027431
0,0274
1-Butene
0,023724
0,0237
Cis2-Butene
Tr2-Butene
0,005190
0,010379
0,0051
0,0102
1,2-Butadiene
0,0000
36 ppm
1-Pentene
0,0000
1 ppm
n-Pentane
0,0000
192 ppb
H2S
0,0000
0,0000
M-Mercaptan
0,0001
0,0001
COS
0,0000
0,0000
H2O
0,0000
0,0000
CO2
0,0000
0,0000
Oxygen
0,0000
0,0000
Amonia
0,0000
0,0000
Nhn xt: Kt qu ca qu trnh m phong v kt qu trong ti liu chnh lch khng

ng k do vy qu trnh m phong c th chp nhn c.
4.4 Thit k thp tch Propylene
Theo kt qu sizing c th ta c cc kt qu sau:
ng knh trong ca thp : 3,658 (m) c quy chun thnh 3,8 (m) (bng
XIII.6 trang 359- [12])
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GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Chiu cao thc t ca thp cha tnh phn y v np : 116,43 (m)

Chiu cao vch ngn: 50,8 (mm)
Tng chiu di vch ngn: 8,892 (m)
Khong cch t mp di ng chy chuyn n a pha di: 38,1 (mm)
B rng v chiu di ca ng chy chuyn ln lt l:
( 279,4 (mm) 1,943 (m) ) (vch nm bn cnh)
( 139,7(mm) 3,475 (m) ) (vch nm bn trong)
Tng s valve trn mi a l: 1138 (valve) chim 1,346 (m2). Suy ra ng
knh ca mi valve l : 40 (mm)
Xc nh chiu dy ca vo thp:
p sut vn hnh ca thp l 9 n 10 (Kg/cm2g). Do vy ta s thit k thp
chu p sut 15 (Kg/cm2g) = 1569064 (N/m2)
Vi p sut thit k ca thp nh vy th ta thit k thp dng thn hnh tr
hn (Theo trang 360 [12])
Chn vt liu lm thp l thp tm CT3
Chiu dy thp thn hnh tr chu p sut P c xc nh theo cng thc
XIII.8/360 [12]
S
Dt P
C (m)
2 P
Trong o:
-
D = 3,8 (m) l ng knh bn trong ca thp

: h s bn ca thn hnh tr theo phng dc = 0,9
C : h s b sung n mn, bo mn v dung sai b dy

C = C1 + C2 + C3
C1 : b sung do n mn, chn C1 = 1 (mm)
C2 : i lng b sung do hao mn, chn C 2 = 0 (i vi thp

chng ct)
C3 : i lng b sung cho dung sai b dy, chn C 3 = 0,8 (mm)

theo bng XII.9/364-[12]
C = 1+ 0 + 0,8 = 1,22mm = 1,8.10-3 m.

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Trang 79
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
[]: ng sut cho php ca thp khng g
kt
nb
( N / m 2 ) (XIII.1/355 [12])
k c (N/m2) (XIII.2/356 [12])

n
t
Trong :
-
h s hiu chnh =1 (XIII.2/356 [12])
nb, nC: l h s an ton theo gii hn bn, gii hn chy

nk = 2,6 ; nC = 1,5 (tra bng XIII.3/356 [12])
tk, tC: gii hn bn khi ko gin, gii hn bn khi chy

tk= 380.106 N/m2 , tC = 240.106 N/m2 (tra bng
XII.4/310 [12]) (ng vi chiu dy 4 25 (mm))
Suy ra ng sut cho php:
k k 380.10
nk
2,6
146,15.10 6 ( N / m 2 )
c
240.10 6
c
160.10 6 ( N / m 2 )
nc
1,5
Vy nhn gi tr nho hn k = 146,15.106 (N/m2)

Ta c chiu dy thp c xc nh:
S
Thay s vo cng thc ta c:
Dt P
Dt
C
C
2
(m)
2 P
1
P
S
3,8.1569064
0,0018 0,0246(m)
2.146150000.0,9 1569064
Ta chn S = 0,025 m = 25 mm
Xc nh y v np thit b:
Ta chn y v np thp tch lm cng vt liu v c cng b dy vi thn thp. V
thp lm vic p sut thp nn ta chn chiu cao ca y v np thp l H = 0,3
Dt = 0,3 x 3,8 = 1,14 (m).
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Trang 80
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Vy chiu cao ca ton b thp l 116,43 + 1,14 x 2 = 118,71 (m)

Tnh ng knh ng dn:
ng knh ng dn sn phm nh:
c xc nh theo cng thc II-36 / 369 [12]:
d
4V
V
( m)
0.785
V: Lu lng th tch sn phm nh 13920 (m3/h) = 3,8667(m3/s)
: Vn tc trung bnh ca lu th. Chn vn tc hi i trong ng

l 20 (m/s)( theo bng II.2/ 369 [12])
d
3,8667
0,573(m)
0,785 20
Vy chn ng knh ng dn sn phm nh l : 0,6 (m) = 600 (mm)
ng knh ng dn nguyn liu: Chn vn tc t chy vo thp l
0,1 (m/s) (theo bng II.2/ 369 [12]). Vi lu lng th tch nguyn liu l 51,69
(m3/h) = 0,0144(m3/s)
Tng t nh trn ta c
d
0,0144
0,428( m)
0,785 0,1
Vy chn ng knh ng dn nguyn liu l : 0,45 (m) = 450 (mm)
ng knh ng dn sn phm y: Chn vn tc t chy l 0,5 (m/s)
(theo bng II.2/ 369 [12]) Vi lu lng th tch sn phm y l 489,4 (m3/h)
= 0,0136(m3/s)
Tng t nh trn ta c:
d
0,136
0,588( m)
0,785 0,5
Vy chn ng knh ng dn sn phm y l : 0,6 m = 600 mm

ng knh ng dn hi lu hi lu: Chn vn tc t chy l 0,5 (m/s) (theo
bng II.2/ 369 [12]). Vi lu lng th tch hi l 507,8 (m3/h) =
0,141(m3/s)
Tng t nh trn ta c
d
0,141
0,599(m)
0,785 0,5
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Trang 81
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
Vy chn ng knh ng dn hi lu l : 0,6(m) = 600 (mm)

ng knh ng dn hi t thit b un si li vo thp: Chn vn tc hi i
trong ng l 20 (m/s)(theo bng II.2/ 369 [12]). Vi lu lng th tch hi
hi lu l 10460 (m3/h) = 2,9056 (m3/s)
Tng t nh trn ta c
d
2,9056
0,43( m)
0,785 20
Vy chn ng knh ng dn hi hi lu l : 0,45(m) = 450 (mm)

Bn v cu to thp chng ct: [ Ph lc]
Nhn xt:
Trong qu trnh thit k thp nhiu thng s chng em vn cha tnh ton c
nh b dy np v thn thp, b dy ng dn, kch thc cc bch ni, kch thc
chn , tai treo. Chng em ch tp trung tnh ton cc chi tit quan trng ca thp
v thit k thp da vo cc thng s m phn mm Unisim cung cp. Loi a
valve s dng thit k thp khng ng vi a thc t s dng trong nh my.
V khng c kch thc thc t ca thp phn tch Propylene trong nh my
nn chng em cha so snh c kt qu thit k vi thc t.
i vi chiu cao ca thp th trong thit k cao hn vi trong thc t l do
trong thc t khong cch gia cc a nho hn vi trong thit k.
Ngoi ra, v cha bit c gi thnh ca tc nhn lm lnh su, cha bit chi
ph vn hnh cng nh chi ph lp t my nn nn khi so snh chn phng n
ti u cho qu trnh tch propylene ca chng em cha c thuyt phc lm.
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Trang 82
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
KT LUN
Sau mt thi gian tm hiu v ng dng phn mm Unisim R400 vo qu trnh m
phong ch hot ng ca phn xng thu hi Propylene trong nh my lc du
Dung Qut chng em hon thnh ti c giao. V qua nm bt c mt s
vn sau:
Hiu c qui trnh v nguyn tc hot ng ca phn xng thu hi Propylene
Tm hiu v ng dng phn mm Unisim R400 vo qu trnh m phong tnh,
m phong ng v thit k thp phn tch
Ngoi ra qu trnh thc hin ti gip chng em n li nhng kin thc
c hc.
Trong qu trnh lm n, thun li ca chng em l c s hng dn tn tnh
ca c L Th Nh , bn cnh cn nhiu kh khn nh: nhiu s liu thc t ca
phn xng chng em khng c, ln u tin tm hiu phn mm Unisim R400 nn
khng c hiu qu cao.
Hng pht trin ti:
M phong ng ton b phn xng thu hi Propylene
Tnh ton thit k v chi ph cho tt c cc thit b trong phn xng
Do kin thc cn hn ch nn trong qu trnh lm n chng em cn nhiu thiu
st. Rt mong s gp ca thy c cng cc bn n ca chng em c hon
thin hn.
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GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Thi Don Tnh, C s ho hc hu c - tp 1, NXB Khoa hc v k thut.
[2] Ngi dch Nguyn c Chung, Ho Hc Hu C Hi n i, NXB khoa hc v k
thu t, 1981. Phan Minh Tn, Tng hp hu c v ho du-t p 1, NXB- HQGTPHCM
[3] Ti liu nh my lc du Dung Qut
[4] Increase C2 Splitter Capacity with ECMD Trays and HIGH FLUX Tubing, UOP
LLC, Tonawanda, New York, U.S.A, and Chevron Chemical Company, Port Arthur,
Texas, U.S.A.
[5] Koch-Glitsch, Hight-Perfomace Trays: Getting the best Capacity and Efficiency,
4111 E 37th Street N, Wichita, KS, U.S.A.
[6] Koch-Glitsch, OMNI-FIT Revamp of a Texas C3 Splitter, 4111 E 37th Street N,
Wichita, KS, U.S.A.
[7] John French (1651), Art of Distillation
[8] Vn i, Nguyn Trng Khung, Trn Quang Tho, V Th Ngc Ti, Trn
Xoa, C s qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha hc, tp 2, NXB i hc v Trung hc
chuyn nghip.
[9] C s cc qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho hc, tp 1 Nh Xut Bn i Hoc
V Trung Hc Chuyn Nghip.
[10] Http://hpsweb.honeywell.com/
www.iavietnam.net/
[11] Nguyn nh Lm, Khng ch v iu khin qu trnh
[12] Nguyn Bin, Vn i, Long Vn Hng, inh Vn Hunh, Nguyn Trng
Khung, Phan Vn Thm, Phm Xun Ton, Trn Xoa, S Tay Qu Trnh V Thit B
Cng Ngh Ha Cht, Tp I,Tp II, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut H Ni.
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Trang 84
PH LC
GVHD: ThS. L Th Nh

Mô Phỏng Phân Xưởng Thu Hồi Propylene Của Nhà Máy Lọc Dầu Dung Quất Bằng Phần Mềm Unisim R400

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Mô Phỏng Phân Xưởng Thu Hồi Propylene Của Nhà Máy Lọc Dầu Dung Quất Bằng Phần Mềm Unisim R400

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n tt nghip

SVTH: L Trung Hu Trn Mnh Hng

2.2 Tin hnh m phong...........................................................................................32

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Amine Recovery Unit

SVTH: L Trung Hu Trn Mnh Hng

Hnh 2.23: S tng th sau khi m phong phn xng propylene......................45

SVTH: L Trung Hu Trn Mnh Hng

DANH MC BNG BIU

SVTH: L Trung Hu Trn Mnh Hng

SVTH: L Trung Hu Trn Mnh Hng

SVTH: L Trung Hu Trn Mnh Hng

Cng thc phn t: C3H6

Cng thc cu to:

Hnh 1.1: Cu trc ho hc ca phn t Propylene

Khi lng phn t: 42,08 vC.

p sut ti hn: Pc = 4,7MPa.

T trng trng thi long (15oC ; 760 mmHg): 0,51.

T trng trng thi hi (15oC ; 760 mmHg): 1,49.

tan (trong nc -50oC): 0,61g/m3.

nht (16,7oC): 8,34 Pa*s.

Nhit ti hn: Tc = 92,30C.

SVTH: L Trung Hu Trn Mnh Hng

Nhit nng chy: -185,2oC (88K).

1.1.2 Tnh cht ha hc [2]

Phn ng cng Halogen (Halogen ha).

ClCH2-CHCl-CH3 (1,2 diclopropan).

Phn ng cng Acid v cng nc.

CH3 CHCl - CH3.

Phn ng xy ra qua 2 giai on lin tip:

nhit thch hp v c xc tc Acid, Propylen c th cng hp nc:

SVTH: L Trung Hu Trn Mnh Hng

CH3 - CH 2 - CH2 - OH (Propanol)

Ngoi ra Propylene cng c kh nng lm mt mu qu tm nh nhng Anken khc.

3CH3-CH(OH)-CH2OH + MnO2 + 2KOH

1.1.3 ng dng [2]

trng t rt sm, xut pht t yu cu m bo an ninh nng lng v nhu cu cng

Hnh 1.2: S tng th v tr nh my lc du Dung Qut.

SVTH: L Trung Hu Trn Mnh Hng

Ngy 30/11/2008, Tng Cng ty Du Vit Nam v Ban Qun l d n NMLD

SVTH: L Trung Hu Trn Mnh Hng

Hnh 1.3: S cc phn xng chnh trong nh my lc du Dung Qut

1.3 Tng quan v phn xng thu hi Propylene ca nh my lc du Dung Qut

SVTH: L Trung Hu Trn Mnh Hng

Hnh 1.4: Phn xng PRU ca nh my lc du Dung Qut [3]

Cp mt l giai on tch ethane v nhng sn phm nh hn propylene.

Dng C3 i ra t thp ny c hm lng Propylene t xp x 74% khi lng.

Cp hai l ct tch propylene/propane bm nhit p sut thp. Sn phm

propylene (t 99,6% khi lng) t ct tch propane/propylene tip tc c tinh ch

SVTH: L Trung Hu Trn Mnh Hng

SVTH: L Trung Hu Trn Mnh Hng

SVTH: L Trung Hu Trn Mnh Hng

Tiu chun Mixed C4: Hn hp ca C4 t PRU cha khng qu 1% khi lng ca

SVTH: L Trung Hu Trn Mnh Hng

SVTH: L Trung Hu Trn Mnh Hng

1.3.3.1 Thp tch C3/C4 Spliter (T-2101)

SVTH: L Trung Hu Trn Mnh Hng

SVTH: L Trung Hu Trn Mnh Hng

1.3.3.2 Thp tch C2 (T-2102)

SVTH: L Trung Hu Trn Mnh Hng

Mt phn ca long ngng t, gm hn hp C 3 v cc phn nh hn, t D-2102 c

SVTH: L Trung Hu Trn Mnh Hng

1.3.3.3 Thp tch Propane/Propylene (T-2103) [3]

SVTH: L Trung Hu Trn Mnh Hng