TOPIC: DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

(tanh u) = sech2 u

Algebraic Functions

(c) = 0

(coth u) = -csch2 u

(cu) = c

(sech u) = -sech u tanh u

(csch u) = -csch u coth u

=u

+v

Slopes of the Curve( y = f(x) )

=
(un) = n un-1

Logarithmic & Exponential Functions

(ln u) =

(loga u) =

(eu) = eu

(au) = au lna

Trigonometric Functions

Slope at any point of = y =

Rate of Change
The derivative of the function is
identical to its rate of change

= V = velocity

Curvature and Radius of Curvature

(sin u) = cos u

k=

(cos u) = -sin u

R = 1/k =

(tan u) = sec2 u

(cot u) = -csc2 u

(sec u) = sec u tan u

(csc u) = -csc u cot u

Hyperbolic Functions

(sinh u) = cosh u

(cosh u) = sinh u

= a = acceleration

Graph of a function y = f(x)

if y = 0 and y is negative, the point
is a maximum point ( concave
downward)
if y = 0 and y is positive, the point
is a minimum point ( concave
upward)
a point of inflection is a point at
which the curve changes from
concave upward to concave
downward and vise-versa
at point of inflection y = 0
Steps in Solving Maxima Minima Problems
1. Identify the variable to be maximize
or minimize, say area A.

2. Express this variable in terms of

other relevant variable(s),say A =
f(x,y)
3. If the function shall consist of more
than one variable, express it in terms
of one variable (if possible) using the
conditions in the problem, say A =
f(x)
4. Differentiate and equate to zero,
dA/dx = 0
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
1.

a.2
c. 4

2.

3.

4.

11. Find the tangent line to the parabola x2 6y = 10

Evaluate:
b. 1/5
d. 5

a.2
b. 1/5
c. 4
d. 5
What is the slope of the curve x2 + y2 6x 10y
+ 5 = 0 at (1,0).
a.2/5
b. 5/2
c. -2/5
d. -5/2

Find the maximum point of the curve y = x3

3x2 9x + 5
a.(1, 15)
c. (3, -22)

5.

12.

Evaluate:

13.

14.

b. ( -1,10 )
d. (-3, 21)

Find the curvature of he curve : y = x3/3 at x = 1

a.1/

b.

c. 2
d.
6. Find the point of inflection of the curve y = 3x4
8x3 + 6x2
a.(1/4, 1/2)
b. ( , 11/24 )
c. (1/5, 1/8)
d. (1/3, 11/27)
7. Find the perimeter of the largest rectangle that
can be inscribed in x/400 + y/16 = 1.
a.530
b. 265
c. 375
d. 416
8. A kite with a height of 100 ft flying at 10 ft/sec
horizontally. Find the rate of the angle with
respect to horizontal when the string is 300 ft.
a.-1/70 rad/sec
b.-1/90 rad/sec.
c. .-1/60 rad/sec
d. .-1/80 rad/sec
9. A spherical snowball is melting in such a way
that its surface area decreases at the rate of 1
in2/min. How fast is the radius shrinking when it
is 3 in.
a.1/24 pi rad/min
b. 1/12pi rad/min
c. 1/36 pi rad/min d. 1/6 pi rad/min
10. Two particles have position at time t given by the
equations s1 = t3 t , s2 = 6t2 t2. Find their
velocities when they have the same acceleration.
a.2, 4
b. 2, 9
c. 4,8
d. 4,9

15.

16.

17.

18.

through (3, 5).

a.x y = -2
b. 3x 2y = 11
c. 2x y = 9
d. x y = 4
Divide 120 into two parts so that the product of
one and the square of the other is maximum. Find
the numbers,
a. 60, 60
b. 100,20
c. 70,50
d. 80,40
The shortest distance from the point (5, 10) to the
curve x2 = 12y is:
a.4.331
b. 5.127
c. 7.512
d. 3.431
A boat is at A which is 4.5 km from the nearest
point B on a straight shore BM. He wishes to
reach, in minimum time, a point C situated from
the shore 9 km from B. how far from C should he
landed if he can row at the rate of 6kph and walk
at the rate of 7.5 kph?
a.2 km
b. 3 km
c. 4 km
d. 5 km
The altitude of a cylinder of maximum volume
that can be inscribed in a right circular cone of
radius r and height h is:
a.h/3
b. 2h/3
c. 3h/2
d. h/4
A box is to be constructed from a piece of zinc 20
inches square by cutting equal square from each
corner and turning up the zinc to form the side.
What is the volume of the largest box that can be
so constructed?
a.592.59 cu.in
b. 29.592 cu. in
c. 959.25 cu. in
d. 529.92 cu.in
A car starting at 12:00 noon travels west at the
speed of 30 kph. Another car started at the same
point at 2:00 pm travels north at the speed of 45
kph. Find how fast the two are separating at 4:00
pm?
a.55
b. 53
c. 51
d. 57
A balloon rising vertically over point A on a
ground at a rate of 15 fps. A point B on the
ground is level with and 30 ft from point A,
When the balloon is 40 ft from A, at what rate is
its distance from B changing.

19.

20.

21.

22.

a.10 fps
b. 12 fps
c. 13 fps
d. 15 fps
The height of a circular cylinder is 50 in. and
decreases at the rate of 4 in/sec, while the radius
at the base is 20 in and increases at a rate of 1
in/sec. At what rate is the volume changing.
a.2571
b. 7512
c. 5721
d. 1257
Water is pouring into a swimming pool. After t
hours there are t + t1/2 gallons in the pool. At what
rate is the water pouring into the pool when t = 9
hours.
a.7/6 gph
b. 6/7 gph
c. 5/6 gph
d. 6/5 gph
Two post 10m and 15m high stands 30m apart.
They are to be stayed by a transmission wires
attached to a single stake at the level ground, the
wires running to the top of the posts. Where
should the stake be place from the 10m pole to
used the least amount of wire.
a. 9
b. 10
c. 11
d. 12
Water is pouring into a conical cistern at a rate of
8 m3/min. If the height of the inverted cone is
12m and radius of its circular opening is 6m.
How fast is the water level rising when the water
is 4m deep?
a. 0.46
b. 0.56
c. 0.64
d.0.36

23. A cylindrical glass jar has a plastic top, if the

plastic is half as expensive as glass per unit area,
find the most economical proportions for the jar.
a.h = 3/2 r
b. h = 2/3 r
c. h = 1/3 r
d. h = r
24. A rectangular field of given area is to be fenced
off along the bank of a river. If no fence is
needed along the river, what is the shape of the
rectangle requiring the least amount of fencing.
a. x = 5y
b. x = 4y
c. x = 3y
d. x = 2y
25. Victory liner agrees to transport 100 people or
less from station A to station B for P15 each
passenger. It was furthered agreed that is there
are more than 100 passengers, Victory liner will
reduce the fair for every passenger by P0.10 in
excess of 100 passenger. What number of
passengers will produce the maximum revenue
for the bus company.
a. 100
b. 115
c. 120
d. 125
SUPPLEMENTARY PROBLEMS:
1 .Find the point on the graph of y = x2 + 1 that is closest to
the point (3, 1)
a.(1, 3)
b. (2, 10)
c. (1, 2)
d. (1, 4)
2.Find the shortest distance from the point (1, 2) to the
point on the circumference of the circle x^2 + y^2 +10x +
6y =-30

a.5.91
b. 6.16
c. 5.81
d. 6.13
3.A rectangle is inscribed in a parabola, y = 12 x2, the
base lying on the x-axis. The upper two vertices touches the
parabola. What is the maximum area of the rectangle?
a.18
b. 32
c. 16
d. 24
4. A right circular cylinder is inscribed in a right circular
cone of radius, r. Find the radius R of the cylinder if its
lateral area is a maximum?
a. R = r/3
b. R = 2r/3
c. R = 3r/2
d. R = r/2
5. The position of the particle in inches along the x-axis is
given by the expression x (t) = 24t2 t3 + 10. Determine the
average velocity of the particle in inches per sec at t = 3sec.
a.63
b. 36
c. 72
d. 54
6. What number will be greater than its square by the
minimum?
a.1/2
b. 1
c. 1/4
d. 1/3
7. A balloon vertically rising over a point A on a ground at
a rate of 10 m/s. Point B on level ground is 90 m from A.
At what rate is the distance of the balloon from point B
changing in m/s when the balloon is 40 m away from point
A.
a.30/901/2
b. 10/901/2
1/2
c. 20/90
d. 40/971/2
8. Determine the equation of the line through (3,4) which
forms the positive x and y axes, the triangle with the least
area.
a.4x + 5y = 32
b.3x + 4y = 25
c. 4x + 3y = 24
d.2x +3y = 18
9. Find the y of the parametric equation: x = t3 + 1; y = t2 +
1
a.2/3 t
b. -3/4 t2
c.-2/9 t4
d. 1/3 t
10. Find the area of the largest square that can be inscribe
in the triangle with legs 20 and 30 cm
a.100
b. 144
c.169
d. 121
11. Find the minimum volume of a right circular cylinder
that can be inscribed in a sphere having a radius r.
a.1/31/2
b. 2/31/2
c. 31/2
d. 4/31/2
12. What is the allowable error in measuring the edge of a
cube that is intended to hold 8 cu. m of water, if the error of
the computed volume is not to exceed 0.03 cu. m
a.0.0025
b. 0.0052
c.0.0035
d. 0.0053
13. Determine the diameter of the closed cylinder tank
having a volume of 11.3 m3 to obtain a minimum surface
area.
a.2.44
b. 3.44
c. 1.44
d. 4.34
14. Water flows into conical vessel 15 cm deep and having
a radius of 3.75 cm across the top. If the rate which the
water level rises is 2 cm/sec, how fast is the water flowing
into the conical vessel when the water is 4 cm deep.
a.6.28 m3/sec
b. 2.82 m3/sec
3
c. 6.82 m /sec
d. 2.28m3/sec

15. A poster is to contain 300 m2 of printed matter with

margins of 10 cm at the top and 5 cm at each side. Find the
overall dimensions if the total surface area of the surface is
a minimum.
a.22.24 x 44.5 cm
b. 22.24 x 45.4 cm
c. 24.22 x 44.5 cm
d. 24.22 x 45.4 cm
16. An isosceles triangle with equal side of 20 cm has three
sides at variables equal angles with the base. Determine the
maximum area by the triangle.
a.200
b. 250
c. 300
d. 150
17. A fencing is limited to 20 ft in length. What is the
maximum rectangle area that can be fence using two
perpendicular corner sides of an existing wall?
a.100
b. 150
c. 200
d. 250

18. Find the largest area of a rectangle which can be

inscribed in an ellipse, 4x2 + 9y2 = 36
a.12
b. 24
c. 15
d. 30
19. Find the point in the parabola y2 = 4x at which the rate
change of the ordinate and abscissa are equal.
a.(1,2)
b. (2,1)
c.(-1,2)
d. (2,-1)
20. A baseball diamond is a square whose sides are 90 ft
long. If the batter runs at the first base at the rate of 20 fps,
how fast is his distance from second base changing when
he has run 50 ft?
a. -80/971/2
b. -10/901/2
c. -20/971/2
d. -90/971/