Cc qu trnh c bn trong CNTP

TRNG I HC S PHM K THUT TP H CH MINH

KHOA CNG NGH HA HC V THC PHM
SEMINAR MN HC: CC QU TRNH C BN TRONG CNTP
--000--

TI:

GVGD:

Th.S ng Th Ngc Dung

SVTH:Trn Nguyn Thin n

10116001

Phm Tun Long

10116032

Nguyn Th Kiu Nga

10116038

Trn Quc Thng

10116058

Hong Th Thy Trinh

10116083

Tp. H Ch Minh 10/052012

1

GVGD: ng Th Ngc Dung

Cc qu trnh c bn trong CNTP

MC LC
1. Gii thiu sn phm. ........................................................................................................ 3
1.1. Ngun gc sn phm.............................................................................................. 3
1.2. M t sn phm. ..................................................................................................... 3
1.3. Nguyn liu ch bin m n lin. ........................................................................... 4
2. Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut m n lin: .................................................................... 6
3. Gii thch quy trnh cng ngh: .................................................................................... 7
3.1. Giai on nho bt: ................................................................................................ 7
3.2 Giai on to hnh. .................................................................................................. 9
3.3 Giai on x l nhit. ........................................................................................... 12
3.3.1 Qu trnh hp. ................................................................................................. 12
3.3.2 Qu trnh thi ngui ........................................................................................... 14
3.3.3 Qu trnh ct nh lng .................................................................................... 14
3.3.4 Qu trnh ti gia v ........................................................................................... 15
3.3.5 Qu trnh qut ro .............................................................................................. 15
3.3.6 Qu trnh v khun ............................................................................................ 15
3.4

Giai on hon thin sn phm ............................................................................ 16

3.4.1 Qu trnh chin................................................................................................... 16

3.4.2 Lm ngui...................................................................................................... 18
3.4.3 Phn loi, kim tra .......................................................................................... 19
3.4.4 ng gi ......................................................................................................... 19
4. Sn phm m n lin. .................................................................................................. 20
5. xut ....................................................................................................................... 22
TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................................................. 24
2

GVGD: ng Th Ngc Dung

Cc qu trnh c bn trong CNTP

M N LIN
1. Gii thiu sn phm.

1.1. Ngun gc sn phm.

M n lin bt ngun t cc loi m ramen Nht n ngay. Tuy nhin, khi n cng
c ph bin chu , bt u c nhiu loi m n lin do cc loi khc nhau chu ,
nh l ph v bn. And Momofuku, ngi thnh lp Cng ty Thc phm Nissin, c
coi l "cha " ca m n lin.
Hin nay nc ta c rt nhiu nh sn xut m n lin ln nh : Vina Acecook,
Asian Food, Vifon, Masan, Viet Hung...Trong Vina Acecook chim th phn hn 60%
tng sn phm m n lin c nc v c knh phn b rng ri khp nc.
1.2. M t sn phm.

GVGD: ng Th Ngc Dung

Cc qu trnh c bn trong CNTP

M n lin c hnh dng l nhng si m di, dai, c mu vng. Sau khi thnh phm
chng c ng trong bao nilon, gi giy hoc c ng trong ly nha. Khi lng
tnh ca mi gi m khong 60g. Thnh phn gm vt m v cc gi gia v nh du n,
mui,hnh kh
1.3. Nguyn liu ch bin m n lin.
Cc loi m n lin u c to thnh t mt s nguyn liu chnh bao gm: bt
m, mui, nc v du chin ( nu l du chin). Nguyn liu ph gm cc loi gia v nh
bt ngt, ribotide (ribotide l hn hp ca hai loi tinh th disodium 5-inosinate v
disodium 5-guanylate), hng liu v bt b sung (thng l tinh bt khoai m).
Ph gia thng c to dai cho si m thng hay c s dng l nc tro,
mui polyphotphat, carboxymethylcellulose ( CMC ) hay gum. Ph gia to mu cho sn
phm m thng dng l phm mu vng ca nhm carotenoids hay cht mu tng hp
tartrazine. Nu l m chin, cn c thm cc cht chng oxy ha.
Bng sau gii thiu mt v d v cng thc m n lin (tnh cho mt gi vi trng
lng 85g) theo vin nghin cu v t vn ca nht ( JCI) v UNIDO:
Nguyn liu

S lng (g)

Bt m

73,3

Bt kim( pha nc tro)

0,12

CMC (carboxyl methyl cellulose)

0,33

Natri polyphosphate

0,1

Mui n

0,8

Bt mu thc phm

0,03

Du shortening

15,5

Gia v (soup)

5,5

GVGD: ng Th Ngc Dung

Cc qu trnh c bn trong CNTP

Bt m sn xut m n lin ngoi cc yu cu v ch tiu vi sinh v ha l thng
thng th cn phi c hm lng protein trn 10 % v hm lng gluten t trn 26%.
Cht lng ca gluten s nh hng rt ln n dai ca sn phm. gluten t ca bt
m trong sn xut m n lin cn c n hi, dai tt v chy trung bnh.
Khi la chn du chin m, cn da trn mt lot cc yu t nh : mi v sn phm
khi chin trong loi du , cu trc sn phm, cc cht c to ra trong qu trnh chin,
cm gic gy du trong ming, hu v,kh ngng bo qun sn phm, tnh ph bin ca
loi du, gi c, nhu cu dinh dng,..
T shortening c chn l loi du thch hp nht dng trong sn xut m n
lin v n c nhng u im nh : nhit nng chy cao (42-520c), m thp, bn
nhit cao, rn v do thch hp, tnh n nh cao do t b oxy ha, t b hi v tr mi,
c kh nng nh ha ttngoi ra, shortening cng l cht ti nhit tt v c gi thnh
thp. khi chin bng shortening th si m kh ro, du khng b thm ra ngoi, thi gian
bo qun m lu hn.
Bng v mt s ch tiu cht lng i vi du shortening ( TCVN 6048 : 1995)

Tn ch tiu

Yu cu

Mu sc b mt

Trng hoc trng ng

Mi v

Thm c trng,khng c mi hi, chua

Nhit nng chy (0C)

48- 51

m (%)

0,1- 0,15

Ch s acid ( ml NaOH 1N/g mu)

0,2-0,3

Ch

0,6- 1,25

peroxide(ml

Na2S2O3

0,002 N/g mu)

Phn ng kreiss

Khng c

Tp cht

Khng c

Ch tiu vi sinh

Theo tiu chun ca b y t

GVGD: ng Th Ngc Dung

Cc qu trnh c bn trong CNTP

2. Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut m n lin:
Cng ngh sn xut m si pht trin ti mc kh hon chnh vi nhng quy
trnh khc nhau ty theo nguyn liu ,sn phm v quy m sn xut. Tuy nhin tt c cc
quy trnh u qua ba giai on chnh l nho trn, to hnh v x l nhit.
Ph gia
Bt m

Bt b sung

Nguyn liu ph

Nc

Trn kh

Ha nc trn bt

Giai
on
nho

Nho bt
Cn th

Giai
on
to
hnh

Cn bn tinh
Cn tinh
Ct si
Hp

Giai
on
x l
nhit

Hi nc

Thi ngui- ct nh lng

Nhng gia v

Nc gia v

Qut ro- vo khun

n
Chin

Hon
thin
sn
phm

Gia
nhit

Shortening

Lm ngui
Bao gi

Cc gi gia
v

Sn phm
6

GVGD: ng Th Ngc Dung

S khi quy trnh cng ngh sn xut m n lin.

Cc qu trnh c bn trong CNTP

3. Gii thch quy trnh cng ngh:
3.1. Giai on nho bt:

Mc ch cng ngh:
Chun b to c khi bt nho thch hp cho qu trnh to hnh tip theo.

Nho trn c xem l khu rt quan trng v n quyt nh tnh cht ca sn phm, to
nh hng r rt ln cc khu tip theo trong quy trnh sn xut (to hnh, chin, sy).
Nho trn s phn phi nc, gia v v ph gia vi bt m, to nn khi bt c ng
nht.
-

Yu cu khi nho bt:

Bt sau khi nho trn phi do, dai, b mt mn mng, n hi, khng dnh to c

khung gluten tt.

-

Phng php thc hin: Qu trnh nho bt c tin hnh theo nguyn tc:
Cc nguyn liu dng rn s c phi trn vi nhau, phn lng phi trn vi phn

lng. Nu cht rn c hm lng t th ha tan hon ton trong nc trc khi phi trn
vi bt. Nh vy bt m s c trn kh vi cc loi bt khc(nu c), nh bt bp, bt
nngMui, nc, tro, mu v cc nguyn liu ph khc nh trng, bt c chua, vitamin
c ha tan u trong nc, chnh n nhit thch hp v phun t t vo ci trn bt
kh. Tin hnh nho trn cho n khi hn hp bt to thnh khi bt nho ng nht.
Thi gian trn thng dao ng trong khong 10-15 pht.
Cc bin i ca nguyn liu:
Cc bin i xy ra trong qu trnh nho trn lm m si cng tng t nh trong
qu trnh nho trn bt lm bnh m v bnh bch quy. Khc bit ca cc qu trnh
nho trn ny l ch sn phm m si cn dai v khng cn xp. Do qu trnh
nho trn cn nh nhng hn ch ti a khng kh ln vo nguyn liu. Nu lng kh
ln vo t, khi gia nhit s trnh c hin tng r trn b mt, gi c cu trc ca
sn phm. ng thi, do lng dn vo khng ng k nn cc sc t c trong bt m
khng b oxi ha, s gi c mu sc yu cu ca sn phm.
7

GVGD: ng Th Ngc Dung

Cc qu trnh c bn trong CNTP

Ngoi cng thc phi trn vo nguyn liu th m v nhit l hai yu t nh
hng nhiu nht ti cht lng ca bt nho.
- Trong quy trnh sn xut m n lin c qu trnh hp, do hm lng nc trong
bt nho s cng cao s cng lm tng dai ca sn phm sau khi hp.Tuy nhin nu m
qu cao s lm cho bt nho dnh trc khi cu to hnh.V vy, vi cc loi bt m thng
thng, m bt nho c gi trong khong 30-35%. Vi loi bt m c cht lng rt
tt v cng ngh phi trn hin i, cc nh sn xut Nht Bn c th nng m ti a
cua bt nho ln ti 40%.
- Nhit ca qu trnh nho cng nh hng ti cc mi lin kt ca protein to
mng gluten.
Nhit cao th nc v cc phn t protein linh ng nn d dng to mi lin
kt, nhng li c kh nng lm bin tnh protein.V vy n nh nhit trong qu trnh
nho trn cng s gip n nh cht lng ca sn phm. Nhit ca ci trn chu nh
hng ca thi tit, lc ma st, cc phn ng xy ra trong ci v nhit ban u ca
nguyn liu. Nhit sinh ra do ma st v do cc phn ng ha hc ph thuc vafo cu trc
ca my v phn lng nguyn, ph liu ca cng thc lm m si nn kh thay i.
n nh nhit,thit b nn c b phn lm mt. Mt cch khc n nh nhit gia
cc m trn l lm thay i nhit ca nguyn liu.
-

Thit b v thng s cng ngh:

Thit b nho trn c dng thng nm ngang,

bn trong c hai trc hnh tr gn vi cnh khuy

b tr xen k, quay ngc chiu nhau. Bn trn c
np y v ung ng phun nc trn bt. y
thng c ca thot liu.i khi gim thiu nh
hng ca khng kh i vi bt nho, cc nh my
ln cn tin hnh nho trn bt trong iu kin chn
khng(p sut 460 mmHg).

GVGD: ng Th Ngc Dung

Cc qu trnh c bn trong CNTP

+ u tin,bt m c ri u mt lng theo sut chiu di trc nho.
+ Tip theo cho bt nng vo ri cho my nho kh trong vng 3-5 pht nhm m
bo s ng u ca khi bt.
Sau khi trn bt u, cho nc trn bt vo t t theo chiu di ca trc nho. Tip
tc bt my hot ng, tim hnh nho tip trong vng 15 pht. Qu trnh nho bt ch
cn m bo sao cho cc cu ttroonj u nhau. Nu ko di thi gian nho trn s c
nhiu khng kh ln vo khi bt.
3.2 Giai on to hnh.

Mc ch: hon thin.

Qu trnh ny s to cho sn phm m c hnh dng thch hp theo yu cu.

Cc bin i ca nguyn liu:

Qu trnh cn.
+ Mc ch ca qu trnh cn.
o Nhm chuyn bt nho t trng thi ri thnh tm bt c dy u n.
o

m ng nht khi bt v tng n hi cho khi bt nho v gim lng

khng kh ha ln trong bt.

o Khi i qua cc l cn bt l bt s c nn cht thnh l d to hnh. ng

thi c tc dng dn l bt n thit b ko si.
+ c im ca khi bt sau khi cn.
Trong qu trnh cn bt, m v xp ca khi bt gim do mt phn khng kh
v nc t do b tch ra. Nhit khi bt tng nh do ma st sinh ra trong qu trnh cn
ct.
+ Cht lng ca bt sau khi ct.
Cht lng ca l bt sau qu trnh cn ph thuc vo rt nhiu yu t nh hm
lng v cht lng gluten, ng u v kch thc ca bt, m ca sn phm,
nhit ca bt nho, vn tc p, s ln cn. . . Cht lng gluten nh hng rt ln n
n hi ca l bt. Bt dng lm cc dng m si nn c hm lng gluten c
lng trong khong 26-32% th l bt s t dai cn thit. gluten xu v bt khng
9

GVGD: ng Th Ngc Dung

Cc qu trnh c bn trong CNTP

mn th b mt km nhn, khng bng. Nu hm lng gluten qu cao (36-40%) th bt
n hi mnh, kh p v b mt l bt cng khng nhn bng. m ca bt nho cng
s nh hng n cht lng ca l bt trong qu trnh cn ct. Bt nho c m cao th
d to hnh, b mt sn phm thng nhn v bng. Nhng nu bt m c hm lng
protein nh hn 14%, khi tng m qu 33% th sn phm s tr nn chy, km n hi
v d b t.
+

u cu ca bt sau khi cn.

o Sau khi ra khi trc cn bt cn c b mt tng i mn, dy ng u.
o

bt mng, mm, xp, khng rch, khng b lm m (do c ln bt kh vo).

o Khng c l xp, b mt lng u, trng ng.

o Kch thc ca l bt mng dn khi qua cc trc cn, l bt qua trc cn tinh
dy khong 0,8 1,2 mm.
+ Qu trnh cn chia thnh hai giai on:
o Cn th: bt nho t thng phn phi c a xung 2 cp trc th c ng
knh 300mm. Vn tc trc cn th nh, to lc nn ln p bt thnh tm a
sang cn tinh.
o Cn tinh: h thng cn tinh c 5 cp trc, vn tc chuyn ng gia cc l tng
dn qua cc trc v khong cch gia hai trc ca cc cp trc nh dn, khi y
l bt qua l bt s c dn mng dn.
+

u cu k thut ca qu trnh cn.

o Vn tc ca cc l cn tinh: V 90 -130 vng/pht.
o Khe h ca cc trc cn nh dn qua cc l trc.
Cn th ( 2 cp trc ) 1
Bn th ( 1 cp trc ) 3

5 mm.

4 mm.

Bn tinh ( 3 cp trc ): 4 3-3.5 mm; L5=2 - 2.5 mm ; L6 = 1.2 - 1.5 mm.

Cn tinh ( 2 cp trc ): 7 1 1.2 mm; L8= 0.8 0.9 mm.
Qu trnh ct si - to bng.
+ Mc ch ca qu trnh
o To hnh dng, kch thc c trng cho si m n lin.
10

GVGD: ng Th Ngc Dung

Cc qu trnh c bn trong CNTP

o To bng lm tng gi tr cm quan ca vt m.
+ Yu cu
o Si m lng, khng b rng ca.
o Si m ri, to thnh gn sng vi khong cch gn u nhau.
o B mt si m lng mn.
o Si m c ng knh d 0.8 1mm.

Phng php thc hin

To hnh si m n lin c thc hin bng phng php cn ct. Cn ct c

thc hin theo trnh t dt khi bt thnh tng tm, cn n mng thch hp. Sau
cc tm bt s c ct hay dp to hnh si m theo kch thc mong mun.

Thit b v thng s cng ngh

Sau khi nho trn, bt nho c ngh

khong 15 pht trc khi to tm, gip cho nc

thm u to b mt tm bt trn lng v khng b
k sc khi to tm. Trong sn xut, ngi ta cho
bt ngh trong cc thng cha c khuy o chm.
khi bt sau khi ngh xong s c chia lm hai
phn, mi phn s i qua mt cp trc cn to
thnh tm bt nho. Hai tm ny sau s c
xp chng ln nhau v qua mt cp trc cn li
thnh mt tm. khong cch gia cc cp trc
thng c iu chnh sao cho s gim dy
ca tm bt l 20-40%. Sau , l bt ln lt chy qua mt lot t 5-8 cp trc cn,
khong cch gia 2 trc ca cc cp trc cn s gim dn. dy ca tm bt nho cui
cng s c xc nh theo khong cch gia 2 trc ca cp trc cui cng. Sau khi cn,
l bt s vo thit b ct to thnh si m v ng thi chia thnh tng vt theo chiu
ngang.
Thit b ct si c cu to vi b mt trc ct c nhiu rnh, kch thc rnh bng
vi kch thc si m ct ra (t 0,75-2 mm ty loi m). Cc rnh gia trc n khp vi
11

GVGD: ng Th Ngc Dung

Cc qu trnh c bn trong CNTP

nhau p l bt vo rnh to thnh si. Mi trc c gn mt rng lc n st vo b mt
trc ct tch si m sau khi ct xong ra khi rnh. Hai trc ct chuyn ng ngc
chiu nhau s ct l bt thnh tng si m, ng thi bng m cng c chia lm nhiu
hng (vt m) nh vo cc sng dao gn cui trc lc ct. Sau khi ra khi trc lc
ct, cc si m di chuyn xung bng ti m bn di. do tc chuyn ng ca
bng ti chm hn trc ct nn cc si m b n li, to sng, lm tng gi tr cm quan
cho vt m, ng thi gip cho si m sau ny khng b bin dng nhiu do gin n
nhit
3.3 Giai on x l nhit.
3.3.1 Qu trnh hp.

Mc ch cng ngh:
Si m sau qu trnh to hnh s c a vo bung hp nhm lm chn s b si

m rt ngn thi gian chin v c inh cu trc si m. Hn na, hp nhit cao

cn c tc dng lm mt hot tnh ca cc loi enzyme c trong nguyn liu v tiu dit
vi sinh vt.
Si m sau qu trnh hp cn chn u, mm mi v c tnh n hi, khng t
mt di v khng dnh bt.

Cc bin i ca nguyn liu:

Trong qu trnh hp, di tc dng ca nhit , protein s b bin tnh, nh nc

v lin kt li vi nhau to thnh khung ca si m. Tinh bt s s dng lng nc t do

trong bt nho, lng nc so protein nh ra v hp thu thm mt phn hi nc
trng n, h ha. Mt s phn t tinh bt thot khi ht tinh bt v lin kt vi khung
protein to ra c, chc cho si m.
Trong qu trnh hp, nhit v thi gian hp l hai yu t cng ngh cn c
iu khin n nh cht lng sn phm. nhit bung hp c duy tr trong
khong 95-100 C trong thi gian 100-240 giy ty thuc loi m. Nhit hp qu cao
hay thi gian hp qua di s gy ra nhng h hng cho sn phm nh phn ng maillard
lm sm mu m, cu trc si m c th b nh hng xu ( Bn thnh phm hp th qu
12

GVGD: ng Th Ngc Dung

Cc qu trnh c bn trong CNTP

nhiu nc v sn phm b nho). Ngc li, nhit qu thp hay thi gian ngn, giai
on h ha tinh bt cha t, cc enzyme cha b c ch m cn ang vng nhit
ti thch s xc tc cc phn ng phn gii tinh bt, lm gim dai sn phm. Nhit
v thi gian hp th ph thuc nhiu vo cht lng nguyn liu v t l ph gia s dng.
Th d nh nu bt nho c b sung cc mui ho nc (nh mui phosphate) th cn
gim thi gian v nhit ca qu trnh hp. Thm nc tro s cn tng nhit nhng
gim thi gian hp

Thit b v thng s cng ngh:

Trong cng nghip, m s c chy trn

li ti i qua bung hp hnh hp ch nht. Trong

bung hp, m s c gia nhit nh hi nc
c phun ra t cc ng dn hi b tr theo dc
chiu di bung hp. Vn tc ca bng ti s c
iu chnh m c thi gian lu trong bung hp
ph hp vi yu cu sn phm.
C th s dng phng php hp bng hi nc hoc bng hi qu nhit. p sut
hi trong bung hp dao ng trong khong 0.4 0.6 kg/cm2. Sau khi hp xong, m s
bng ti ra ngoi thc hin tip cc cng on tip theo. tit kim din tch, mt s
nh my s dng bun hp nhiu tng. Si m s c di chuyn trn cc bng ti trong
bun hp nhiu tng. Mi tng ca phng hp u c ng dn hi b tr dc theo chiu
di bng ti. M theo bng ti vo thit b tng trn cng, sau di chuyn xung cc
tng bn di ri i ra ngoi.
Hi nc bo ha t l hi c cung cp cho bung hp qua ng dn hi chnh, t
phn thnh cc ng dn nh hn i vo mi tng ca bung hp. T ng dn hi
nh mi tng ny li phn ra lm ba ng b tr theo chiu dc ca bng ti trong mi
tng. Hi bo ha s phun theo cc l trn ng ng dn hi gia nhit cho si m.
u l hi khng c phun trc tip vo m m phi phun vo thnh thit b trnh

13

GVGD: ng Th Ngc Dung

Cc qu trnh c bn trong CNTP

hin tng ong nc trn si bt. ng hi c th thay i bng cch iu chnh van
trn ng ng.
3.3.2 Qu trnh thi ngui

Mc ch: chun b cho qu trnh ti gia v.

Thit b v cc thng s cng ngh:

Qut thi ngui thng c gn bn di ca li ti.
Ra khi bung hp, li ti m s i qua h thng qut thi ngui lm ro phn

nc t ng li trn b mt si m. Thi ngui cng gip cho nhng si m b h ha

dnh vo li ca bng ti c tch ra khi li ti.
3.3.3 Qu trnh ct nh lng

Mc ch cng ngh: hon thin

Qu trnh ct nh lng l ct bng m thnh

tng ming c trng lng nht nh v to hnh cho

vt m. Chiu di si m ng quy nh.

Thit b v cc thng s cng ngh:

Thit b ct gm hai trc, trong c mt trc c

gn li dao ct m, trc cn li c tc dng nh

mt tm k. Dao gn trn trc inox.
M sau khi thi ngui theo bng chuyn n dao
ct nh lng. Dao ct chuyn ng trn to thnh
hng vung gc vi bng ti v ct m thnh cc on
bng nhau. Trc dao ct quay khong t 50- 60 nhp ct/pht. Hai trc quay ngc chiu
nhau. Ty vo trng lng yu cu ca vt m, tc ca bng ti mang m m iu
chnh tc dao ct cho ph hp.

Yu cu: Vt m sau khi ct cn t ng khi lng quy nh, cc nht ct t

gn ri hn nhau, khng to bng ca u si.

14

GVGD: ng Th Ngc Dung

Cc qu trnh c bn trong CNTP

Ty theo trng lng ca m thnh phm m c kch thc cc on m khc
nhau t 20- 25cm
3.3.4 Qu trnh ti gia v

Mc ch:
Ti gia v ln vt m c mc ch hon thin sn phm.Tng gi tr cm quan ca

si m, to ra hng v c trng v mu sc ca vt m, si m khng b chai cng, b

sung lng nc cho vt m v to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh chin m.
Cc bin i ca nguyn liu: gia v c pha vo nc to thnh nc lo hay
nc soup s c ti ln vt m lm cho cc si m ti ra, khng dnh vo nhau
vic v khun c d dng.

Thit b v cc thng s cng ngh:

Cho cha nc lo hoc h thng vi phun sng
M sau khi ct thnh tng vt c nhng vo nc lo. C th cho bng ti chuyn

ng qua cho cha nc lo hoc thng qua h thng vi phun sng ln bng ti sao
cho gia v c th thm u c hai mt ca vt m trnh hin tng sn phm sau khi
chin s c hai mu.
3.3.5 Qu trnh qut ro

Mc ch cng ngh: chun b cho qu trnh chin m

Thit b v cc thng s cng ngh:

Si m c ti gia v s c qua mt h thng qut gim nhanh m ca

si m. Qu trnh ny gip cho si m kh hn trc khi a vo cng on chin, nh

s gim c lng cht bo c trong thnh phm.
3.3.6 Qu trnh v khun

Mc ch cng ngh: chun b cho qu trnh

chin

Thit b:

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GVGD: ng Th Ngc Dung

Cc qu trnh c bn trong CNTP

Cc khun c dng hnh trn, hnh ch nht hay hnh chn, ly ty thuc vo dng
bao gi sn phm sau ny.
Trc khi chin, cc vt m cn c cho vo khun to hnh dng ng nht
cho sn phm. Khun c gn trn xch ti v kt hp cng vi np nhm y kn v c
nh vt m.
3.4 Giai on hon thin sn phm
3.4.1 Qu trnh chin

Mc ch cng ngh: chin nhm mc ch ch

bin v bo qun sn phm.
Chin lm cho vt m tr nn gin xp, c

hng v v mu sc c trng ca m n lin. Trong

qu trnh chin, nc t do s tch ra, v cht bo s
thm vo trong vt m lm tng gi tr dinh dng ca
sn phm. Do qu trnh tin hnh nhit cao nn
hu ht vi sinh vt b tiu dit, cc enzym b v hot.
Mt khc, lng nc cn li trong sn phm thp
nn hot ca nc thp c kh nng hn ch qu
trnh pht trin ca phn ln cc vi sinh vt mi xm
nhp vo sn phm sau khi chin. M sau khi chin
phi khng dnh du, vng u hai mt, khng b v vn, khng c m sng.

Cc bin i ca nguyn liu:

+ giai on u ca qu trnh chin, khi nhit ca sn phm thp hn nhiu
so vi nhit du tng, trong sn phm c s tng nhit hng ti cn
bng vi nhit du. thi k ny, nhn b ngoi, trng thi v hnh dng ca
sn phm cha c thay i ln lm. Tuy nhin, du s bt u khuch tn vo b
mt si. Nu giai on ny ko di, b mt si m s thm mt mng du ngn
cn qu trnh thot m sau ny.
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GVGD: ng Th Ngc Dung

Cc qu trnh c bn trong CNTP

+ Giai on 2: Khi nhit trong si m tng ln trong khong 50- 900C, cc ht
tinh bt cha b v trong qu trnh hp s kt hp vi lng nc thm vo m
trong qu trnh ti gia v thc hin tip qu trnh h ha. n khi nhit
t 1000C, nc s bc hi v lm tng th tch si m.
+ Giai on 3: Nc trong sn phm bt u thot ra ngoi v du t ngoi thm
vo sn phm nhiu hn. Do b mt nc nn cui thi k ny hnh dng v cu
trc ca si m b bin i su sc, si m tr nn kh gin.
+ Giai on 4: Do nhit du chin cao, trong si m xy ra cc phn ng to
mu v to mi (phn ng Maillard, caramel ha), lm tng gi tr cm quan
cho sn phm. Mt khc, s bin i ca du chin di tc dng ca nhit
cao v nht l trong iu kin c oxy li to ra cc sn phm khng c li cho
sc khe.

Khi c s tip xc gia du v nc trong thit b chin, s to ra mt lp nh

tng du- nc. p ny rt d b tc ng ha hc v vi sinh vt d hot ng.

Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh chin:

+ Ngoi cht lng ca du th m ban u ca sn phm, nhit du v thi
gian chin l cc yu t nh hng mnh m n cht lng m thnh phm.
+ m sn phm cao th sn phm s gin xp nhng d thm du. Nu m
qu thp, sn phm s b chai cng.
+ Nhit du cao, thi gian chin ngn th nc bc hi nhanh nn sn phm t
thm du, c mu vng sm v c mi ph hp vi th hiu ca ngi tiu dng
17

GVGD: ng Th Ngc Dung

Cc qu trnh c bn trong CNTP

Vit Nam nhng du chin mau b h hng. V vy, ko di thi gian s
dng du, cn h nhit chin.

Thit b v cc thng s cng ngh: my chin, thit b trao i nhit, thit b lc

th v lc tinh
Hin nay, cc nh my sn xut m n lin thng s dng phng php chin,

trong du c gia nhit bng phng php gin tip trong mt thit b trao i nhit
150- 1600C. Thi gian lu ca m trong cho chin khong 100-110 giy. Du s c
tun hon lin tc gia thit b trao i nhit v cho chin. Trong qu trnh bm, du s
c qua thit b lc th v lc tinh loi b m vn v chy. Nh thit b lc m du
chin s lu b oxy ha hn.

Yu cu v cht lng ca m sau khi chin p ng cc yu cu sau:

+ Mu sc: c mu vng c trng, ng u c hai mt. Khng m trng qu
2cm.
+ Mi v: c trng cho tng loi m.
+ Si m ng u, nhn, phng.
+ Gi nguyn hnh dng si m khi ch bin.
+ m si m t 1.8- 3%

Yu cu v du dng chin:
S dng du thc vt, m bo du ngp ht trng nhit lun c ng

u. Kim tra v b sung du thng xuyn. Sau mi ca tin hnh thay du. Du c c
lc qua thit b lc sau a ln thng phn phi, thng ny gm 2 ngn. Ngn 1 cha
du c qua lc. Ngn th 2 cha du mi. Hai loi ny u c iu chnh v b
sung thng xuyn vo cho chin nh bm 2 rng kha. Cc cn lc c loi b
trnh hin tng b chy, gy mi kh chu cho sn phm.
3.4.2 Lm ngui

Mc ch cng ngh: hon thin

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GVGD: ng Th Ngc Dung

Cc qu trnh c bn trong CNTP

Sau qu trnh chin, vt m s c ra khi khun trn li ti ca thit b lm
ngui. Khi , m cn nng v s tip xc trc tip vi khng kh. Nhit cao v oxy
khng kh s y nhanh qu trnh oxy ha cht bo lm gim thi gian bo qun sn
phm. m ngui nhanh sn phm s hn ch c s oxy ha cht bo, ng thi hn
ch c lng vi sinh vt ti nhim vo vt m. Hn na, qu trnh lm ngui nhanh s
gip loi bt lng du d v lm ng c phn t do bm trn vt m.

Thit b v cc thng s cng ngh: h thng lm ngui l mt bung di hnh hp

ch nht, c gn h thng qut thi khng kh.
M sau khi chin c bng ti li a vo h

thng lm ngui. hai u h thng, cc qut s ht

khng kh t ngoi vo, thi kh t pha di hng
ln trn v thng qua cc l trn mt li lm kh
vt m. Pha trn li ti b tr thm cc qut ht
ht kh nng trong hp qua ng ng thi ra ngoi
mi trng. Cng c th s dng h thng lm ngui
l cc qut thi gn bn trn li ti, thi khng kh
ngui t trn xung.
3.4.3 Phn loi, kim tra
Sau khi c lm ngui, m c bng ti chuyn n bn phn loi. Ti y, cng
nhn s kim tra bng tay, nu sn phm no khng t tiu chun s b chuyn sang mt
bng ti ph phm ring. Cc sn phm t cht lng c i n b phn ng gi.
3.4.4 ng gi

Mc ch: trnh vt m ht m t khng kh, hn ch s xm nhp ca vi sinh vt.

Hon thin sn phm, tng gi tr cm quan v thun tin cho vn chuyn.

Thit b v cc thng s cng ngh: my ng gi.

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GVGD: ng Th Ngc Dung

Cc qu trnh c bn trong CNTP

M sau khi lm ngui c a i ng gi. Ty theo
tng loi sn phm c cc hnh thc ng gi khc nhau.
C th ng gi theo cn hoc gi giy, gi nilon. Khi
lng mi gi 65 85(g).
Sau khi ng gi m c xp vo thng; thng c
3 loi thng 30, 50, 100gi/ thng.

Yu cu: gi m phi p, ghi r hn s dng v

trng lng trn bao b. Bao b khng c bong trc
cc mi ghp, khng b m t vt m bn trong
tip xc vi oxy khng kh trong thi gian bo qun.
Sn xut gi gia v, du sa t v rau kh

Sn xut gi gia v
Thnh phn: mui, ht tiu, bt ngt, bt t, hnh, ti, ng, hng v (g,
b, tm)
Cc thnh phn c gi trn theo mt t l nht nh. c bao gi trong
cc gi nilon 2g/gi.

Sn xut du sa t
Nu nu bng du tinh luyn (du, m) vi cc gia v khc nhau nh: bt t,
ng v hng, ti kh sau c ly phn du nh lng v ng gi thnh
tng gi nh khong 2g.

Sn xut gi rau kh
Thnh phn: hnh l ti c chn v sy kh,c rt, nm..
Chng c thi nh, sy kh, em gi, khi lng. 2g/gi..

4. Sn phm m n lin.

Tiu chun cht lng sn phm.

Tiu chun cht lng m n lin ca Vit Nam c quy inh trong TCVN5777:

2004.
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GVGD: ng Th Ngc Dung

Cc qu trnh c bn trong CNTP

+ Ch tiu cm quan :
o Trng thi :
Vt m trc khi nu :nguyn vn, u n , si m bng u, khng c
khuyt tt ng k.
M sau khi nu : cho nc si vo , sau 4 pht m vn cn dai c trng.
Sau 8 pht si m trng n khng nh k.

o Mu sc:
Mu vng sng c trng c hai mt. Cho mt mt hi m c.

o Mi v
Vt m kh : mi thm c trng, khng c mi hi, i, kht hoc mi l.
Nc m : mi thm bo c trng ca m v gia v , c v ngt , khng c v
l.
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GVGD: ng Th Ngc Dung

Cc qu trnh c bn trong CNTP

+ Ch tiu ho l.

Tn ch tiu

Mc

1- Hm lng protein , tnh theo phn trm cht kh

10

2- m

5,0

3- Hm lng cht bo , tnh theo phn trm cht kh

1520

4- Hm lng nito tng s gi gia v, tnh theo phn trm cht

kh
5- NaCl trong vt m, tnh theo phn trm cht kh Hm lng

4,0

6- Hm lng tro khng tan trong acid HCl , tnh theo phn trm 0,1
cht kh
7- acid , s mg KOH dng chun 1 g mu th (mg 2,0
KOH\g)
8- Ch s pexyde, s mg Na2S2O3 0,002N dng chun 1g mu
th:
-

Trong vt

0,4

Trong du sa t

0,5

5. xut

Cho thm tht v tm kh vo gi m .

Cho thm nhiu hnh kh vo trong m.

B sung thm mt s loi gia v: thm c rt vo m, hng qu

Thay bch nha bng giy .

Mc ch:

Tng m cho sn phm

Mu sc ca t m nhn ngon hn v c v thm ca hnh.

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GVGD: ng Th Ngc Dung

Cc qu trnh c bn trong CNTP

Tu vo s thch ca mi ngi m h c n cay hay khng cay m cho vo t

m.

Cho hng qu vo lm tng mi v ca t m to cm giac ngon ming.

Lm gim s nhim mi trng.

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GVGD: ng Th Ngc Dung

Cc qu trnh c bn trong CNTP

TI LIU THAM KHO

1.

Bch Tuyt( ch bin), Cc qu trnh cng ngh c bn trong sn xut thc

phm,nxb Nh xut bn gio dc v o to,tr 284.

2. Ha hc thc phm
3. Cng ngh ch bin v bo qun lng thc
4.

Vn Vit Mn, Cng Ngh Ch Bin Thc Phm, NXB i hc quc gia tp
HCM,

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GVGD: ng Th Ngc Dung