Hyd Civil 3 1 Drcs Set 1

S.
Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures (May/June-2012, Set-1) JNTU-Hyderabad

Code No: 09A50102/R09
III B.Tech. I Semester Examinations
Set-1
May/June - 2012
Solutions
DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

( Civil Engineering )
Time: 3 Hours
Max. Marks: 75
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
---
1.
2.
(a)
What are the code recommendations for limit state design? (Unit-I, Topic No. 1.1)
(b)
Draw the characteristic and design stress curves for concrete and steel (Fe415). (Unit-I, Topic No. 1.1)
(c)
Calculate stress block parameters of concrete. [15] (Unit-I, Topic No. 1.2)
Determine the moment of resistance of a T-beam section with the details given below.
bw = 250 mm, d = 550 mm, bf = 1200 mm, Df = 100 mm, Ast = 2946 mm2, fck = 25 MPa, fy = 415 MPa. [15]
(Unit-II, Topic No. 2.2)
3.
Design the reinforcement in a rectangular beam of section 300 mm 600 mm subjected to an ultimate twisting moment
of 50 kN-m combined with an ultimate bending moment of 120 kN-m. Assume M25 concrete and Fe415 steel. [15]
(Unit-III, Topic No. 3.1)
4.
Design a slab for a two-room masonry building with internal dimension of each room as 4.00 m 5.00 m with one long
edge continuous. The masonry wall are of 300 mm thick. Assume a live load of 4.0 kN/m2 and a finish load of 1.5 kN/
m2. Assume that the slab corners are not free to lift up. Consider M20 concrete and Fe415 steel. [15]
(Unit-IV, Topic No. 4.1)
5.
Design an isolated footing for a column with an axial force of 2000 kN under working load. The size of the column is
300 mm 600 mm. Consider S.B.C of soil as 250 kN/m2. Consider M20 Concrete and Fe415 steel. Assume mild exposure
condition. [15] (Unit-V, Topic No. 5.1)
6.
A corner column 300 mm 450 mm located in the multi storey of a system of braced frames, is subjected to factored
loads Pu = 1600 kN, Mux = 175 kNm and Muy = 100 kN-m. The unsupported length of the column is 3.0 m. Design the
reinforcement in the column, assuming M30 concrete and Fe415 steel. [15] (Unit-VI, Topic No. 6.1)
7.
(a)
Distinguish between short and long term deflection and what are the limits prescribed by the code IS:456.
(Unit-VII, Topic No. 7.1)
(b)
Explain effective and cracked moment of inertia. [7+8] (Unit-VII, Topic No. 7.1)
8.
Design a suitable dog-legged stair in a public building, to be located in a staircase room 6 m long, 3.0 m wide and
the floor height is 3.5 m. Use M20 concrete and Fe415 steel. [15] (Unit-VIII, Topic No. 8.1)
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S.2
Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2012
SOLUTIONS TO MAY/JUNE-2012, SET-1, QP

(a)
What are the code recommendations

for limit state design?
Idealized curve
fck
May/June-12, Set-1, Q1(a)
Answer :
Indian standard code has prescribed the following

recommendations for limit state design,
(i)
Characteristic strength and loads (considerations)
(ii)
Partial safety factors for loads and materials
Characteristic curve
0.67 fck
Design curve for concrete

Stress
Q1.
0.45 fck
0.001 0.002 0.003

Strain
0.003
(iii) Design stress-strain curve for concrete

(iv) Design stress-strain curve for reinforcing steel.
(i)
Maximum characteristic stress, fc max =
Characteristic Strength and Load Considerations
A characteristics load can be defined as the load which

has 95% probability of not exceeding its defined value during the entire life of the structure.
In case, if the statistical data for calculating characteristic strength or load is not available, the design characteristic load values for dead, live and wind loads are recommended to follow the code from IS - 875 : 1987 whereas the
seismic load follows IS : 1893 : 2002 standard.
In case of loads, the partial safety factor is used to

increase the characteristic load and obtain the design load.
The partial safety factor commonly used in limit state method
are,
c= Partial safety factor for concrete = 1.5
s= Partial safety factor for steel = 1.15
f= Partial safety factor for loads = 1.5
fy
f ck
f
Where, c= f , s=
, f= f
f
dc
d
ds
Where, fde, fds are design characteristic strengths.

fd = Design load.
(iii)
Figure (1): Stress Strain Curve of Concrete

(iv)
Design Stress-strain Curve for Reinforcing Steel
250 fy
Partial Safety Factor For Loads and Materials
In material, the partial factor of safety is employed so

as to reduce the characteristic strength value and obtain the
design strength values.
Design Stress-strain Curve for Concrete
The curves shown in figure (1) adopted by IS-456 :

2000 for concrete under flexural compression. The maximum
stresses in characteristic and design curves are limited to
0.67 fck and 0.45 fck.
f ck
= 0.44 fck
1.5 1.5
Where, 1.5 is a partial safety factor.
Characteristic curve
0.87fy
Stress
(ii)
Maximum design stress, fd max =
f ck
= 0.67 fck
1.5
200
0.75 fy
150
0.50 fy
100
0.25 fy
50
0
0.000
Design curve
m= 1.15
fy
m
in
ld stra
e
i
y
n
Desig 0.87f
y
y =
Es
0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008

Strain
Figure (2): Stress Strain Curve for Mild Steel

The curve was given by IS - 456 : 2000. The characteristic strength is considered equal to the yield stress, while
the design strength is obtained by using a partial safety
factor of 1.15. As mild steel comprises of a well defined yield
point, it is linearly elastic to design stress 0.87 fy and hence
the design stress is considered to be constant.
The high yield steel bars do not have a well defined
yield point and hence it is assumed that the linear elastic
behaviour changes to linear inelastic behaviour at a strength
of 0.8 fy in the characteristic curve. The design curve is assumed to transform from elastic to inelastic state at a stress
level of 0.8 fyd.
S.3

Where, fyd = Design yield strength.
bf = 120 mm
Df = 100 mm
500
Fe500
Fe415
m
m
250 mm
300
45
0
55
0
m
m
400
200
100
0
0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.00S

0.0007
0.0003
0.0001
Figure (3): Stress-Strain Curve for Steel (Fe415 and Fe500)

(b)
Ast = 2946 mm2

(1 MPa = 1 N/mm2)
Figure
Let the neutral axis falls in the flange (i.e., x4 is less
than depth of flange Df)
Draw the characteristic and design

stress curves for Concrete and Steel
(Fe415).
0.87 f y Ast
xu
=
0.36 f ck b f d
d
Stress-Strain Curve for Concrete
0.87 415 2946

xu
=
0.36 25 1200 550
d
For answer refer May/June-12, Set-1, Q1(a), Topic:

Figure (1).
xu
= 0.179
d
May/June-12, Set-1, Q1(b)
Answer :
Stress-strain Curve for Steel
xu = 0.179 d
For answer refer May/June-12, Set-1, Q1(a), Topic:

Figure (2).
xu = 0.179 550
(c)
xu = 98.450 mm < Df (100 mm)
Calculate stress block parameters of

concrete.
Therefore, it is safe. i.e., the neutral axis falls in the
May/June-12, Set-1, Q1(c)
Answer :
flange for Fe415 steel,
For answer refer Unit-I, Q8.

Q2.
Determine the moment of resistance of a

T-beam section with the details given below,
bw = 250 mm, d = 550 mm, bf = 1200 mm,
Df = 100 mm, Ast = 2946 mm2, fck = 25 MPa,
fy = 415 MPa.
May/June-12, Set-1, Q2 M[15]
Answer :
Given that,
Width of web, bw = 250 mm

Width of flange, bf = 1200 mm
Depth of flange, Df = 100 mm
Depth of web, d = 550 mm
Area of steel, Ast = 2946 mm2
M25 grade, fck = 25 MPa = 25 N/mm2
Fe415 steel, fy = 415 MPa = 415 N/mm2
xu ,max
d
= 0.48
(from IS 456:2000, clause 38.1 Pg. No. 70)
xu,max = 0.48 d = 0.48 550

xu,max = 264 mm > xu (Hence safe)
The beam is under-reinforced
The moment of resistance, MR
Ast f y
MR = 0.87fy Ast d 1 f b d
ck f
Moment of resistance, MR = 0.87 415 2946 550

2946 415
1 25 1200 550
MR = 541.662 106 N-mm

MR = 541.662 k N-mm
Therefore, the moment of resistance of T-beam,
MR = 541.662 kN-m.
S.4
Q3.
Design the reinforcement in a rectangular

beam of section 300 mm 600 mm subjected
to an ultimate twisting moment of 50 kN-m
combined with an ultimate bending moment
of 120 kN-m. Assume M25 concrete and Fe415
Steel.
Ast
f ck
Pt
=
=
bd
100
2. f y
Answer :
4.598R1
1 1
f ck
4.6 2.213
Pt
25
= 0.006929510
1 1
=
25
2 415
100
Pt
~ 0.007
100
Given that,
Width of the beam, b = 300 mm
Area of steel required,
Overall depth, D = 600 mm

Ultimate twisting moment, Tu = 50 kN-m
(Ast1)req =
Ultimate bending moment, Mu = 120 kN-m
Pt
bd
100
= 0.007 300 560
For M25 concrete, fck = 25 N/mm2
= 1176 mm2
For Fe 415 concrete, fy = 415 N/mm2
For a 20 mm bars, we get
Provide an effective cover of 40 mm all around the

beam
1176
Ast 1 req
Effective depth, d = 600 40 = 560 mm
Number of bars, n =
Design of Longitudinal Reinforcement

Equivalent bending moment due to torsion,
Mt =
Tu
1.7
D
1 + b
= 88.235 120
Meq = 208.235 kNm or 31.765 kN-m
At Bottom
R2 =
M eq 2
bd 2
Ast
f ck
Pt
=
=
bd
2. f y
100
Pt
25
=
100 2 415
R1 =
M eq1
bd 2
208.235 10 6
300 560 2
2
R1 = 2.213 N/mm
4.6 R2
1 1
f ck
4.6 0.338
1 1
25
Pt
= 0.0009516600 ~ 0.001
100
(Ast2)req =
At Top
31.765 106
300 5602
R2 = 0.338 N/mm2
Meq1 = 208.235 kNm () or Meq2 = 31.765 kN-m ()

The moment Meq1 = 208.235 kNm is consider for providing flexural steel at top, while the moment Meq2 = 31.765
kNm is considered for providing flexural steel at bottom.
= 3.743
Provide 4 bars of 20 mm at top.
Mt = 88.235 kN-m
Meq = Mt Mu
20 2
=
u
n ~4
50 600
=
1 +
1 .7 300
Total bending moment for design, Meq
Pt
= bd
100
= 0.001 560 300 = 168 mm2

Minimum steel =
Ast
0.85
=
bd
fy
S.5

(on (Ast)min =
Answer :
0.85
300 560)
415
Given that,
Internal dimension of slab = 4.00 m 5.00 m
Ast,min = 344.096 mm2 > (Ast2)req
Thickness of walls = 300 mm
Provide minimum area of steel.
Live load on slab = 4.0 kN/m2
(Ast2)req = 344.096 mm
Floor finish load = 1.5 kN/m2
For a 12 mm bars, we get,

Number of bars =
( A st 2 ) req
A
For M20 concrete, fck = 20 kN/mm2

=
For Fe415 steel, fy = 415 N/mm2
344.096
( 12 2 ) / 4
One long edge is continuous.

Design Constants
= 3.042 4
For M20 concrete,
Provide 4 bars of 12 mm
xu ,m ax
At Side
Since overall depth D > 450 mm, torsional reinforcement is provided at sides
(Ast3)req = 0.001 b D
Ru = 2.762
Loading Calculations
Provide minimum area of steel (Ast3)req = Amin.

Provide 4 bars of 12 mm
300 mm
4 bars of 20 mm
600 mm
x , max
1 0 .416 . 4
xu ,m ax
= 0.36 20 0.479 (1 0.416 0.479)
(Ast3)req = 180 mm2
Consider the span/depth ratio as the average of simply supported slab and continuous slab. As high strength
bars of steel 415 are used multiply the value with a factor of
0.8.
Span l x
35+ 40
,
= 0.8
2
Depth d
[Q from figure (1)]
4 bars of 12 mm
40 mm
4300
= 30
d
d=
40 mm 4 bars of 12 mm
4300
30
d = 143.333 mm
Assume a nominal cover of 20 mm and using 8 mm
Figure: Reinforcement in a Rectangular Beam

Q4.
700
= 0.479
1100 + 0.87 415
Ru = 0.36 fck .
= 0.001 300 600
Design a slab for a two-room masonry building with internal dimension of each room as
4.00 m 5.00 m with one long edge continuous. The masonry wall are of 300 mm thick.
Assume a live load of 4.0 kN/m2 and a finish
load of 1.5 kN/m2. Assume that the slab corners are not free to lift up. Consider M20 concrete and Fe415 steel.
bars
Overall depth, D = 143.333 + 20 + 4 = 167.333 mm
Take overall depth, D = 170 mm
Effective depth, d = 170 20 4 = 146 mm
Dead load of slab = 0.17 1 1 25 = 4.25 kN/m2
Live load on slab = 4 kN/m2
Floor finish load = 1.5 N/m2
Total load = 9.75 kN/m2
S.6

Factored load, wu = 1.5 9.75 = 14.625 kN/m2.
Effective length, lex = 4300 + 146 = 4446 mm
ley = 5300 + 146 = 5446 mm
r=
l ey
lex
5446
= 1.225 1.225 < 2
4446
The slab is a two way slab.

Moment in shorter span, Mux = x. wu . lx2
Moment in longer span, Muy = y. wu . lx2
Where, x , y are obtained (from table 26 of IS 456 :
Effective Depth Calculations

Effective depth from moment consideration is given
by,
d=
M ux ve
=
Ru .b
20.815 10 6
2.762 1000
d = 86.811 mm
Therefore, provide depth according to deflection
consideration D = 170 mm
2000)
Effective depth in short span, dx = 170 20 4 = 146 mm
For one long edge continuous, we get,

x + ve at mid span = 0.054
x ve at continuous edge = 0.072
y + ve at mid span = 0.043
y ve at continuous edge = 0
Muxve = xve wu lx2
= 0.072 14.625 4.4462
Muxve = 20.815 kN-m
Negative moment at shorter span,
Mux ve = 20.815 kN-m
Mux + ve = x + ve wu lx2
= 0.054 14.625 4.4462
Mux + ve = 15.611 kN-m
Positive moment at shorter span,
Mux + ve = 15.611 kN-m
Mux + ve = y + ve 14.625 4.662
= 0.043 14.625 4.4462
Muy + ve = 12.431 kN-m
Positive moment at longer span,
Muy + ve = 12.431 kN-m
Width of Strips
(i)
Short Span
Effective depth in long span, dy = 146 8 = 138 mm
3
3
Width of middle strip = ley = 5.446 = 4.085 m
4
4
Width of edge strip =
(ii)
1
(5.446 4.085) = 0.681 m
2
Area of Steel
Short Span
For an under reinforced section, area of steel at continuous edge.
Ast1x ve =
Width of edge strip =
1
(4.446 3.335) = 0.556 m
2
0.5 20 1 1 4.6 20.81510

=
20 1000 1462
415
6
1000 146
Ast1x ve = 420.159 mm2.

Minimum steel,
Ast1 min =
0.12
1000 146
100
= 175.2 mm2 < Ast1x ve

Provide 8 mm bars at spacing, s =
A
Ast1x ve
1000
82
4
=
1000
420.159
= 119.634 ~ 115 mm
Provide 8 mm bars at spacing of 115 mm c/c.
Long Span
3
3
Width of middle strip = . lex = 4.446 = 3.335 m
4
4
0.5 f ck 1 1 4.6Muxve
fck .bdx2 bd
fy
Ast 2 x + ve =
0.5 f ck 1 1 4.6Mux+ve
2
fck bdx bdx
fy
6
0.5 20 1 1 4.6 15.611 10
2 1000 146
20
1000
146
415

Ast2 x + ve = 309.951 mm2 > Amin
Provide 8 mm bars at spacing of,
82
4
S=
1000
309.951
S = 162.172 mm 160 mm.
Provide 8 mm bars at 160 mm c/c
Long Span
Ast, y +ve =
Ast, y + ve =
4.6M uy + ve
0.5 f ck
1 1
fy
f ck bd y2
Shear stress, vy =
Ast, y + ve = 259.765 mm2 > Astmin.

Provide 8 mm bars at spacing,
82
4
S=
1000 = 193.504
259.765
S~ 190 mm.
Provide 8 mm bars at 190 mm c/c.
Check for Shear
Short Span
Shear force at edge of longer span
Vx = wu.lex.
r
2+ r
= 14.625 4.446
1.225
2 + 1.225
Vx = 24.699 kN
Vx
24.699 103
=
bdx
1000 146
2
vx= 0.169 N/mm
Allowable shear stress in concrete,
Shear stress, vx =
100 ( Ast1 x ve ) pr
bdx
82
115 1000
100
4
=
1000 146
43709.115
146000
= 0.299
From IS - 456 : 2000, table no: 19 ; c = 0.384 N/mm2 > vx
Hence safe.
=
b.dy
21.674 103
1000 138
vy = 0.157 N/mm2
Allowable shear stress in concrete,
bd
y
0.5 20 1 1 4.6 12.43110

2
20 1000 138
415
Vy
1000 138
S.7
Long Span
Shear force at edges of shorter span
1
Vy = y3 wu . lex = 14.625 4.446
3
Vy = 21.674 kN
100( Asty +ve ) pr

bdy
82
100 4 1000
190
=
= 0.192
1000 138
From IS- 456 : 2000, table no : 19 ; c = 0.314 N/mm2 >vy

Hence safe.
Design of Torsional Reinforcement
Since the ends of the slabs are not allowed to lift up,
torsional reinforcement is required size of mesh,
l ex
4.446
lm =
=
= 0.889 m from the centre of sup5
5
port.
0.300
or lm = 0.889 +
= 1.039 1m from edge
2
Area of torsional steel,
3
Ast1,t =
. Ast1x ve
4
3
= 420.159
4
Ast, t = 315.119 mm2
Provide 8 mm bars at spacing of,
82
4
1000 = 159.513 mm
S=
315.119
S 155 mm
Provide 8 mm bars at 155 mm c/c
Note
1.
The area of steel Ast1x ve (with obtained spacing) at
continuous edge and at middle strip of length 4.085
m provide Ast2 x ve
2.
Similarly, the area of steel Ast1x + ve is provided only at

middle strip of length 3.335 m. The edge strip length
of 0.556 m is provided with an area of steel equal to
(1.2 D), where D = Overall depth of slab.
S.8
8 mm bars at 190 mm
8 mm bars at at 115 mm
170 mm
4m
4.446 m
8 mm bars at at 160 mm
4.6 m
Figure (1): Section along Shorter Direction
8 mm bars @ 190 mm c/c
170 mm
5.00 m
5.446 m
5.6 m
Figure (2): Section along Longer Span

8 mm bars @ 115 mm
5.446 m
8 mm bars @ 160 mmc/c
1000 mm

4.446 m
Figure (3)
Design an isolated footing for a column with an axial force of 2000 kN under working load. The
size of the column is 300 mm 600 mm. Consider S.B.C of soil as 250 kN/m2. Consider M20 Concrete and Fe 415 steel. Assume mild exposure condition.
Answer :
Given that,
Depth of column, a = 600 mm
Width of column, b = 300 mm
Axial load on column, P = 2000 kN
Ultimate load, Pu = 1.5 2000 = 3000 kN
Q5.
SBC of soil, SBC = 250 kN/m2

S.9

M20 grade concrete, fck = 20 N/mm2
(ii)
On The Basis of Bending
Fe415 steel, fy = 415 N/mm2

xu max
= 0.48
d
(For Fe415
Design of Section
Bending moment on the face AC of column,
M1 =
xu max
= 0.48 from IS-456 : 2000 clause 38.1,
d
Pg.No : 70)
Ru = 0.36 fck
x
xu , max
1 0.416 u , max
d
d
PUB
(la)2
8
226.757 2.1
(4.2 0.6)2
8
= 771.427 k Nm
A
Ru = 0.36 20 0.48 (1 0.416 0.48)
0.9 m
Ru = 2.766
(i)
Size of Footing
0.3 m 2.1 m
Assume, weight of footing, w' = 10% of P

D
10
2000
=
100
C
0.9 m
1.8 m
0.6 m
1.8 m C
= 200 kN
Area of footing, A =
2000 + 200
=
250
Area, A = 8.8 m2 (L b)
Let,
4.2 m
P + w'
SBC
300
b
=
= 0.5 = 1/2
600
L
Figure (1)
M1 = 771.427 106 N/mm
Bending moment on the face AB,
M2 =
1/2 L L = 8.8
4.2 m
B = 1/2 l
B = 0.5 4.2
B = 2.1m
Provide footing of size, L B = 4.2 m 2.1 m
Net Upward Pressure Intensity (NUPI)
M2 = 385.714 106 Nmm

Ultimate Moments
Mu1 = 1.5 771.427 106
Mu1 = 1157.141 106 Nmm
Mu2 = 1.5 385.714 106
Mu2 = 578.571 106 Nmm
Depth of Footing (d)
d=
P
Pu =
L B
Pu =
226.757 4.2
(2.1 0.3)2
8
M2 = 385.714 kNm
L2 = 17.6
L = 4.195m
PU L
(B b)2
8
2000
4.2 2.1
Pu = 226.757 kN/m2
d=
M u1
Ru b
( Mu1 > Mu2)
1157.141 10 6
2.766 300
d = 1180.882
d 1181 mm
S.10
Nominal cover = 40 mm
Assuming 12 mm main bars
xu
= 0.4 (For under reinforced section)
d
xu = 0.4 562.4
xu = 224.960 mm
Assume
Overall depth, D = 1181 + 40 + 12/2

D = 1227 mm
Provide over all depth of D 1230 mm
Effective depth, d = 1230 40 6
( L b )
Width at neutral axis, bn = b + (d d ) xu
d = 1184 mm
This depth is provided near the face of the column.
As the bending moment and shear force changes abruptly
near the edge.
Provide edge thickness of 0.2 d
= 0.2 1184
= 236.8 mm
bn = 2968 +
bn = 3824.990
bn ~ 3825 mm
Nominal shear stress, v
Provide over all depth of 285 mm

Effective depth of edge, de = 285 40 6 = 239 mm >
236.8 mm
Hence safe.
Checks
(i)
Check for One-Way Shear
Critical section for one-way shear acts at a distance

of (d = 1184 mm) from the face of the column.
Shear force at critical section,

V = Pu B { 1/2 (L a) d }
= 226.757 2.1 { 1/2 (4.2 0.6) 1.184 m}
V = 293.333 kN
Vu = 1.5 V= 1.5 293.333
Vu = 440 kN
Effective Depth of Footing at Critical Section, d'

d'= de +
d de
(a' d)
a
(4200 2968)
224.960
(562.4 239)
v =
Vu
bn d
v =
440 103
3825 562.4
v = 0.205 N/mm2
Assuming, P = 0.7% (For an under reinforced section)
c = k permissible stress
k = 1 (Q D > 300 mm)
Permissible stress for m20 concrete ~ 0.35 N/mm2
(From IS 456 : 2000 Table no:23 Pg . No: 84)
c = 1 0.35
c = 0.35 N/mm2 > v
Hence safe.
(ii)
Check for Two-Way Shear
Perimeter of (.PQRS)critical section of two-way shear,
P = 2 [(a + d) + (b + d)]
= 2 [a + b + 2d ]
= 2 [600 + 300 + 2 1184]
P = 6536 mm
A
= 239 +
1184 239
(1800 1184)
1800
d' = 562.4 mm
B
P
4200 600
b'= 600 +
1184
1800
b'= 2968 mm
Q
B
d/2
d/2
Top width of Footing at Critical Section, b'

La
b'= a +
d
a
d/2
D
R
D
1.273 m 0.527 m
d/2
0.6 m
S
C
0.527 m 1.1273 m
4.2 m
Figure (2)
S.11
Area of section PQRS,

A1 = (a + d) (b + d)
= (0.6 + 1.184) (0.3 + 1.184)
A1 = 2.647 mm2
Punching shear, Vp
Vp = Pu [A A1]
Vp = 226.757 [(4.2 2.1) 2.647]
Vp = 1399.771
Vp ~ 1400 kN
Shear stress, vp = 1.5
Vp
P.d
1.5 1400 103

6536 1184
vp = 0.271 N/mm2.
Allowable shear stress,
c = 0.25
f ck = 0.25 20
c = 1.118 N/mm2
300
Ks = (0.5 + c) = 0.5 +
=1
600
Permissible stress = Ks c
= 1 1.118
= 1.118 N/mm2 > vp
Hence safe.
Reinforcement Design
As the section is an under reinforced section ( dpr > dreq) the area of steel is given by,
f ck
Ast1 = 0.5 f
y
20
= 0.5
415
4.6M u1
1 1
bd
f ck bd 2
4.6 1157.14110 6
1 1
20 300 1184 2
300 1184
Ast1 = 3372.751 mm2

Provide 16 mm bars
Number of bars, n =
(iii)
Ast1
3372.751
=
= 16.775 17 no.s
A
( 16 2 ) / 4
Therefore, provide 18 bars of 16 mm , which should be spaced uniformly along the length of 4.2 m
Along Width
Ast2 = 0.5
4.6 M u 2
f ck
1 1
ad
f y
f ck .a . d 2
S.12
Ast2 = 0.5
20 1 1 4.6 578.570 10
2
20 600 1184
415
600 1184
Ast2 = 1412.376 mm2

Provide 12 mm bars
Number of bars, n =
1412.376
Ast 2
=
A
12 2
4
n = 12.488 14 numbers.
Therefore, provide 14 bars of 12 mm , uniformly spaced along the width of 2.1 m
Check for Development Length
Required development length,
Ld = 47
Ld = 47 16 = 752 mm
Available length (with 60 mm side cover)
= 1/2 (L a) 60
=
1
(4200 600) 60
2
= 1740 mm
Hence safe.
600 mm
Column
reinforcement
16 mm 18 nos
12 mm 14 bars
1184 mm
2:1
1230 mm
46 mm
500 mm
4200 mm
500 mm
16 mm 18 nos
12 mm 14 nos
Figure (3)
S.13

Q6.
A corner column 300 mm 450 mm located

in the multi storey of a system of braced
frames, is subjected to factored loads Pu =
1600 kN, Mux = 175 kNm and Muy = 100 kN-m.
The unsupported length of the column is 3.0
m. Design the reinforcement in the column,
assuming M30 concrete and Fe415 steel.
Equivalent moment,
Mu = 1.15
Mu = 1.15 175 2 + 100 2

Mu = 231.79 kNm ~ 232 kNm
Assume effective cover of 60 mm,
Answer :
Given that,
Size of column, b D = 300 450 mm
M ux2 + M uy2
Factored load, Pu = 1600 kN
Factored moment in x-direction, Mux = 175 kNm
60
D = 450 = 0.133
Pu=
Pu
1600 103
=
= 0.395
f ck .b . D 30 300 450
Factored moment in y-direction, Muy = 100 kNm

Unsupported length, l = 3.0 m = 3000 mm
Mu =
M30 concrete fck = 30 N/mm2

Fe415 steel fy = 415 N/mm2
Slenderness ratios,
3000
l
l ex
= kx .
= kx .
= 10 . Kx
300
b
b
l ey
D
= ky .
l ex l e y
,
< 12
D
b
Therefore, the column will be designed as a short

column.
Check for Minimum Eccentricities
Eccentricities of loads,
ex =
ey =
175 10 3
= 109.375 mm
1600
Mu
f ck .b .D 2
p
f ck
= 0.125
p = 0.125 30 = 3.75%
Asc,req = 3.75 300
e y1min =
3000
450
+
= 21 mm
500
30
Since, the applied eccentricities are greater than the

minimum eccentricities, modification of moments is not required.
450
= 5062.5 mm2
100
Provide 12 bars of 24 mm .
24 2
= 5428.672 mm2
4
Check for Moment Capacity of Section
Asc1,pr = 12
5429 mm2
Pu
= 0.4
f ck . b. D
Ast1 pr
ppr =
b D
ppr =
5429 100
= 4.021%.
300 450
Minimum eccentricities,
l
b
3000
300
+
=
+
= 16 mm
500
30
500
30
0.13
D = 0.15
100 103
= 62.50 mm
1600
e x1min =
232 106
= 0.127
30 300 4502
0.4
From sp:16 design charts; for Pu = 0.4, Mu = 0.13 and
3000
l
= kx .
= 6.67 Kx
450
D
For braced columns, kx, ky < 1
0.15
p pr
f ck
100
4.021
= 0.134
30
Actual d ' for a clear cover of 40 mm
d' = 40 + 8 +
d
24
= 60 mm
2
D ~ 0.15
S.14
p
Referring to sp : 16 charts for d D = 0.15, f =
ck
0.134 and pu = 0.4
M ux1
f ck .b . D 2
M uy1
f ck .b . D 2
(a)
Distinguish between short and long term

deflection and what are the limits prescribed by the code IS : 456.
Answer :
May/June-12, Set-1, Q7(a) M[7]
= 0.14
Short Term and Long Term Deflection
= 0.14
For answer refer Unit-VII, Q2, Topic: Distinguish between Short Term and Long Term Deflection.
Mux1 = 0.14 30 300 4502 = 255.15 106 Nmm > Mux

Muy1 = 0.14 30 300 4502 = 255.15 106 Nmm > Muy
Hence safe.
Check for Safety Under bi-axial bending
M ux
M ux1
Q7.
M uy
M uy1
Limits Prescribed by the Code IS: 456 for Deflection in

Reinforced Concrete Structures
Indian standard code of Is: 456 has prescribed the
following limits for deflection in reinforced concrete structure,
(i)
The span to depth ratio for final deflection of horizontal member taking place under the level of casting
should not be greater than span/250. Beyond these
limit the deflection gets neglected or eliminated.
(ii)
After applying finishes or constructing partitions,

deflection are likely to take place in structures, To
eliminate such deflections a limiting value is adopted,
which should not be greater than span/350 or 20 mm
(which ever is less). By adopting these limit value the
structure is protected from damage to partitions or
finishes.
(b)
Explain effective and cracked moment of

inertia.
< 1.0
Puz = 0.45 . fck Ag + (0.75fy 0.45 fck) . Asc

= 0.45 30 300 450 + (0.75 415 0.45 30)
5429
Puz = 3438.985 kN ~ 3439 kN
pu
1600
=
= 0.465 = x
3439
Puz
Therefore, 0.2 < x < 0.8
0.465 0.2
(2.0 1.0)
n = 1.0 +
0.8 0.2
= 1 + 0.442 = 1.442
Answer :
May/June-12, Set-1, Q7(b) M[8]
Effective and Cracked Moment of Inertia

1.442
175
255.15
1.442
100
+
255.15
= 0.581 + 0.259 = 0.84 < 1.0
Therefore, the section is safe for the given loading.

Lateral Reinforcement
Provide 8 mm bars at spacing of least of the
following,
(a) Least lateral dimension = 300 mm
(b) 16 = 16 24 = 384 mm
(c) 300 mm
Provide 8 mm tie bars at 300 mm c/c
24 mm bars
60 mm
300 mm
8 mm tie bars
at 300 mm c/c
60 mm
1160 mm
450 mm
Figure: Cross Section
60 mm
60 mm
Effective moment of inertia are adopted for calculating the short term deflection. These moment lies in between
the gross and cracked section of flexural member. It is indicated by a Ieff. Indian standard code has recommended an
emperial formula to determine the effective moment of inertia (Ieff) given by,
I eff =
I cr
M z x b
1.2 cr 1 w
M d d bf
... (1)
Where,
Icr Cracked moment of inertia, which is defined as
the moment of inertia about neutral axis of the
cracked section considering the area of tension
and compression reinforced. It is given by the
equation,
I cr =
bx 3
+ (1.5m 1) Asc ( x d ) 2 + m Ast ( d x ) 2
3
S.15

Where,
Mcr = Cracking moment of inertia =
I g . f cr
Yc
M = Maximum moment developed due to service

load
Z = Lever arm = d x/3
d = Effective depth
x = Depth of neutral axis
bw = Width of web
bf = Width of flange
m = Modular ratio =
Es
Ec
3.5
H
=
= 1.75 m
2
2
Number of rises to be provided,
h=
d' = Effective cover to compression reinforcement

Asc= Area of steel in compression reinforcement
Ast = Area of steel in Tension reinforcement
Ig = Gross moment of inertia of section =
bD 3
12
D = Overall depth of rectangular section

fcr = Modulus of rupture = 0.7
Answer :
Given that,
Height of floor, H = 3.5 m
Clear dimensions of stair case room, B D = 3
m6m
Assume rise of stairs, R = 150 mm = 0.15 m
Tread of stairs, T = 250 mm = 0.25 m
Live load on stairs, WL = 3.0 kN/m2
Floor finish load, Wfc = 0.6 kN/m2
Let, h be the height of each flight, and the landing
slabs span in the same direction as the stair, and are supported by the walls at the ends.
f ck
yc = Distance of extreme compression fibre from

N-A
The effective moment of inertia Ieff calculated by
equation (1) should be greater than cracked moment of
inertia (Icr) and less than the gross moment of inertia (Ig),
i.e. I cr < I eff < I g
1.75
h
=
0.15
R
n1 = 11.667
n1 ~ 12 risers (in each flight)
Number of treads, n2 = n1 1
n2 = 12 1
n2 = 11 treads
Space occupied by treads = n2 T
= 11 0.25
= 2.75 m
Providing a landing width of 1.25 m
Passage space = 6 1.25 2.75
=2m
Let the landing slabs extend to a distance of 160 mm
inside the wall.
Then, effective span of stair case,
n1 =
The short term deflection is given by the equation,

Ieff = 2.75 + 1.25 +
.wl
Ec .I eff
3
yi =
Where,
yi = Short term deflection
w = Load over the member
l = Length of member
Ec = Modulus of elasticity of concrete = 5000
0.16
2
Ieff = 4.08 m
Ieff ~ 4.1 m
Assume thickness of waist slab =
160 mm
0.75 m
2.5 m
4.1
=
20
1.25 m 160 m
160 m
Ieff = Effective moment of inertia.

Design a suitable dog-legged stair in a public building, to be located in a staircase room
6 m long, 3.0 m wide and the floor height is
3.5 m. Use M20 concrete and Fe415 steel.
May/June-12, Set-1, Q7(b) M[15]
20
0.205m = 205 mm
(or) Take thickness = 210 mm
f ck
Q8.
I eff
1.25 mm
0.1 m
1.25 m
160 m
Figure
S.16
Weight of slab (on slope), w1

w' = Thickness Density
w' = 0.21 25
w' = 5.25 kN/m2
Dead weight horizontally (w1)
R +T
T
2
w1 = w'
0.152 + 0.252
0.25
w1 = 5.25
w1 = 6.122 kN/m2
Dead weight of steps (w2)
w2 =
R
Density
2b
0.15
25
2 1
w2 = 1.875 kN/m
Total death weight,
wd = 6.122 + 1.875
= 7.997 kN/m
wd 8 kN/m ( Dead load per meter run, b = 1m)
Live load, wl = 3 kN/m2
Finishing load, wfl = 0.6 kN/m2
Total load, w = 8 + 3 + 0.6
w = 11.6 kN/m
Moment, M
M= 1.5
W I eff 2
M= 1.5
8
11.6 4.12
8
M= 36.562 KN/m
Design of Waist Slab
M20 concrete, fck = 20 N/mm2
Fe415 Steel , fy = 415 N/mm2
For M20 concrete and Fe415 steel,
xu , max
d
= 0.48
Ru = 0.36 fck
x u , max
xu max
1 0.416
d
d
Ru = 0.36 20 0.48 (1 0.416 0.48)

Ru = 2.766
Depth or thickness of waist slab, (d)
M
d = R b
u
d=
36.562 106
2.766 1000
d = 114.971 ~ 115 mm
Provide overall depth of 150 mm with 10 mm bars
and 30 mm nominal covers.
Effective depth,
d = 150 30 (10/2)
d = 115 mm
Reinforcement Design
As the provided depth is equal to the required depth,
the section is under reinforced.
f ck
Area of steel =
2. f y
4.6 M
1 1
f ck bd 2
bd
4.6 36.562 10 6
1 1
20 1000 115 2
1000 115
Ast = 1098.903 1099 mm2
Provide 10 mm bars at spacing, S
20
=
2 415
S=
A
Ast
1000
10 2
4
S=
1000
1099
S = 71.465 mm
S 70 mm c/c
Distribution Reinforcement
Provide a minimum reinforcement of 0.12% of cross
section.
0.12
150 1000
100
(Ast)d = 180 mm2
Provide 8 mm bars at spacing of
(Ast)d =
S=
A
Ast
1000
82
S = 4 1000
180
S = 279.253 mm
S 275 mm c/c

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S.

Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures (May/June-2012, Set-1) JNTU-Hyderabad

DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2012

SOLUTIONS TO MAY/JUNE-2012, SET-1, QP

What are the code recommendations

May/June-12, Set-1, Q1(a)

Indian standard code has prescribed the following

Characteristic strength and loads (considerations)

Partial safety factors for loads and materials

Design curve for concrete

0.001 0.002 0.003

(iii) Design stress-strain curve for concrete

Maximum characteristic stress, fc max =

Characteristic Strength and Load Considerations

A characteristics load can be defined as the load which

In case of loads, the partial safety factor is used to

Where, fde, fds are design characteristic strengths.

Figure (1): Stress Strain Curve of Concrete

Design Stress-strain Curve for Reinforcing Steel

Partial Safety Factor For Loads and Materials

In material, the partial factor of safety is employed so

Design Stress-strain Curve for Concrete

The curves shown in figure (1) adopted by IS-456 :

Where, 1.5 is a partial safety factor.

Maximum design stress, fd max =

0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008

Figure (2): Stress Strain Curve for Mild Steel

Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures (May/June-2012, Set-1) JNTU-Hyderabad

0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.00S

Figure (3): Stress-Strain Curve for Steel (Fe415 and Fe500)

Ast = 2946 mm2

Draw the characteristic and design

Stress-Strain Curve for Concrete

0.87 415 2946

For answer refer May/June-12, Set-1, Q1(a), Topic:

May/June-12, Set-1, Q1(b)

Stress-strain Curve for Steel

For answer refer May/June-12, Set-1, Q1(a), Topic:

xu = 98.450 mm < Df (100 mm)

Calculate stress block parameters of

Therefore, it is safe. i.e., the neutral axis falls in the

May/June-12, Set-1, Q1(c)

flange for Fe415 steel,

For answer refer Unit-I, Q8.

Determine the moment of resistance of a

Width of web, bw = 250 mm

(from IS 456:2000, clause 38.1 Pg. No. 70)

xu,max = 0.48 d = 0.48 550

Moment of resistance, MR = 0.87 415 2946 550

MR = 541.662 106 N-mm

Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2012

Design the reinforcement in a rectangular

May/June-12, Set-1, Q3 M[15]

Area of steel required,

Overall depth, D = 600 mm

Ultimate bending moment, Mu = 120 kN-m

= 0.007 300 560

For M25 concrete, fck = 25 N/mm2

For Fe 415 concrete, fy = 415 N/mm2

For a 20 mm bars, we get

Provide an effective cover of 40 mm all around the

Effective depth, d = 600 40 = 560 mm

Design of Longitudinal Reinforcement