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S.E.P
S.N.E.S.T
D.G.E.S.T
ALUMNO:
ORTIZ VILLEGAS DIEGO ALEJANDRO
Optimization of PM Intervals
Experience in a variety of industries demonstrates that performing PM on an absolutely
fixed schedule rarely results in the optimum balance among the costs of preventive and
corrective maintenance and the safety and productivity benefits of equipment reliability and
availability. Given an adequate historical failure and maintenance database, reasonably
straightforward methods can be used to optimize the PM cycle.
Also, several industry standards such as National Electrical Code (NEC)
Standard 70B, National Electrical Testing Association (NETA) maintenance specifications,
and others including manufacturers recommendations provide guidelines on the frequency
of maintenance of electrical equipment which could be used to establish EPM cycle.
1.3.5 Trending of Test Results
Systematic trending of EPM test results is a key element of a high-quality electrical
maintenance program. This is true because the magnitudes (pass or fail value) of many of
the parameters measured during EPM tests on equipment are poor predictors of future
failures, unless they are so far out of the normal range that they indicate imminent and
probably irretrievable failure. Examples include insulation resistance, leakage current,
capacitance, PF, and dissipation factor (DF); bearing temperature and vibration; and
winding temperature. However, a degrading trend in these parameters strongly indicates
impending trouble, especially if the trend is accelerating.
A sound trending program can often alert the maintenance and operations staff of the plant
in time to arrest the degradation and avert the failure, or at least to minimize the effect of
the failure on safety and productivity.
To provide meaningful information, the trending program must be structured to screen the
effects of external factors which affect the measured results but which are irrelevant to the
actual condition of the equipment health and reliability. Test procedures should mandate
precautions to ensure that the external conditions which can affect the test results remain
the same from test to test, or to correct the results when this is impractical. (For example,
insulation resistances readings taken at varying temperatures are corrected to a common
base temperature.) Typical irrelevant external conditions that affect electrical test results
include temperature, humidity, and load.
1.3.6 Systematic Failure Analysis Approach
Failure analysis and root cause investigation should be an integral part of any EPM
program. The steps to be taken after a failure is observed are
1. Use a failure cause analysis to determine the proximate cause of the failure. The
proximate cause is expressed in terms of the piece-partlevel failure, e.g., relay XX failed to
transfer due to corroded contacts.
2. Compare the proximate cause to past failures or conditions on the same and similar
equipment to determine if the problem has a systematic root cause, e.g., a chemically
active environment in the example cited above.
CUADRO SINPTICO.
Optimizacin de
Intervalos PM
MANTENIMIENTO
ELECTRICO
PREVENTIVO
Tendencias de
resultados de Pruebas
Ejemplos
Resistencia de aislamiento
Corriente de fuga
Capacitancia
PF
Factor de disipacin (DF)
Comportamiento de temperatura y vibracin
Temperatura de devanado.
Investigacin causa raz debe ser una parte integral de cualquier programa de
EPM
Anlisis Sistemtico
Prximo a Falla
MAPA CONCEPTUAL.
MANTENIMIENTO
ELECTRICO
PREVENTIVO
Para optimizar el
ciclo se realizan:
Base de datos
de
mantenimiento
ANALISIS
SITEMATICO
PROXIMO A FALLA
TENDENCIAS
DE
RESULTADOS
DE PRUEBAS
OPTIMIZACION DE
INTERVALOS PM
Normas
Proporcionan la
frecuencia de
mantenimiento
Clave
Elemental
Son predictores de
fallas futuras:
Ejemplos
Magnitudes
de los
parmetros
medidos
durante las
pruebas de
MEP
*Norma 70B.
Mtodos
razonablemente
explcitos
*Asociacin Nacional de
Pruebas Elctricas (NETA).
*Especificaciones de
mantenimiento.
*Recomendaciones del
fabricante.
Historial de
falla adecuado
Resistencia de aislamiento
Corriente de fuga
Capacitancia
PF
Factor de disipacin (DF)
Comportamiento de
temperatura y vibracin
Temperatura de devanado.
Investigacin
causa raz
Pasos a seguir:
1. Usar un anlisis
de la causa de falla
para determinar
causa prxima de
la falla
2. Compara la causa
prxima de fallas o
condiciones
anteriores en el
mismo y similar
equipo
CUADRO SINOPTICO.
Anlisis de Fallas
La falla de los equipos elctricos debe ser analizada para determinar los
motivos de su ruptura, a menos que la causa es evidente.
Cada falla debe ser analizada para su causa a fin para las medidas correctivas
que se pueden implementar para evitar averas similares.
MANTENIMIENTO
ELECTRICO
PREVENTIVO
Sistema de Gestin de
Mantenimiento
Computarizado
MAPA CONCEPTUAL.
MANTENIMIENTO
ELECTRICO
PREVENTIVO
SISTEMA DE
GESTION DE
MANTENIMIENTO
COMPUTARIZADO
ANALISIS DE
FALLA
Un CMMS es
esencial para:
La falla de los
equipos
elctricos
debe ser
analizada
para
determinar
los motivos
de su ruptura
Cada falla
debe ser
analizada
para su
causa a fin
para las
medidas
correctivas
Mejorar el
rendimiento
El anlisis de datos de
las tendencias claves
y anomalas
La previsin de
problemas de
fiabilidad
La toma de decisiones
que proporcionan
mejor los resultados
finales hacia el
futuro.
Con esto se ha
comenzado a ser
mucho ms fcil en
comparacin con el
pasado.
La mayora de las tareas
de mantenimiento se
puede automatizar con el
uso de programas de
CMMS disponibles.
Un CMMS es usado
Para la
implementacin
de un programa
de
mantenimiento
efectivo.
Funciones
claves tpicas
del CMMS
incluyen los
siguientes:
rdenes de trabajo
PM
Gestin activa
Control de inventario
Listado equipo crtico
e inventario
Anlisis de Causa
Raz de falla