44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 1 -

Tiu chun
Quc t

IEC
44-1
Xut bnln
th nht
1996-12

My bin p o lng
Phn 1:
My bin dng

256436291.doc 01/06/15

1 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 2 -

Ni dung
1-

Tng qut.......................................................................................5
1.1- Phm vi p dng :.......................................................................5
1.2-

2-

Cc tiu chun tham kho :....................................................5

Cc nh ngha :..........................................................................6
2.1-

Cc nh ngha chung :..........................................................6

2.2-

Cc nh ngha b xung lin quan n cc my bin dng

o lng ..............................................................................................8
2.3-

Cc nh ngha b xung lin quan n cc my bin dng

dng cho bo v .................................................................................9

3-

Cc iu kin lm vic bnh thng v c bit :.....................9

3.1- Cc iu kin lm vic bnh thng .......................................9

4-

5-

6-

7-

3.2-

Cc iu kin lm vic c bit :......................................10

3.3-

H thng ni t :..............................................................11

Cc gi tr tiu chun :................................................................11

4.1-

Cc gi tr tiu chun ca cc dng s cp nh mc .........11

4.2-

Cc gi tr tiu chun ca cc dng th cp nh mc :......12

4.3-

Gi tr tiu chun dng pht nng lin tc :...........................12

4.4-

Cc gi tr tiu chun cc cng xut nh mc :..................12

4.5-

Cc dng ngn mch nh mc :.........................................12

4.6-

Cc gii hn pht nng :.........................................................12

Cc yu cu lin quan n thit k ..........................................13

5.1-

Yu cu lin quan n cch in :........................................13

5.2-

Cc yu cu v c :..............................................................17

Phn loi cc th nghim :.........................................................18

6.1-

Cc th nghim in hnh :................................................18

6.2-

Cc th nghim thng l :.....................................................19

6.3-

Cc th nghim c bit :...................................................19

Cc th nghim in hnh .......................................................19

7.1- Cc th nghim chu cc dng ngn mch :..........................19

8-

7.2-

Th nghim pht nng :.......................................................20

7.3-

Cc th nghim xung trn cun s cp :...............................20

7.4-

Th nghim di ma i vi cc my bin p ngoi tri :.......22

Cc th nghim thng l :...........................................................22

8.1- Kim tra k hiu cc u cc :...............................................22
8.2-

Cc th nghim chu ng tn s cng nghip trn cc cun

s cp v o cc phng in cc b .............................................22
256436291.doc 01/06/15

2 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

8.3-

- 3 -

Cc th nghim chu ng tn s cng nghip gia cc

phn ca cc cun dy s cp v th cp v trn cc cun dy th

cp :..................................................................................................23
8.4-

Th nghim qu in p gia cc vng dy :....................23

256436291.doc 01/06/15

3 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

9-

- 4 -

Cc th nghim c bit :........................................................24

9.1-

Th nghim xung ct trn cun dy s cp :......................24

9.2-

o in dung v h s tn tht in mi :........................24

9.3-

Cc th nghim c :.............................................................25

10-

K hiu :...................................................................................26

10.1-

K hiu cc u cc - Cc qui tc chung :.........................26

10.2-

K hiu cc tm bn nhn :.................................................27

11-

Cc yu cu b xung lin quan n cc my bin dng o l-

ng ......................................................................................................27
11.1-

Tn gi cp chnh xc ca mt my bin dng o lng :...27

11.2-

Cc gii hn sai s dng v lch pha ca cc my bin

dng o lng :..................................................................................28

11.3-

Cc my bin dng c dy m rng :.................................29

11.4-

Cc th nghim in hnh lin quan n cp chnh xc

ca cc my bin dng o lng :.....................................................29

11.5-

Cc th nghim thng l lin quan n cp chnh xc ca

cc my bin dng o lng :............................................................29

11.6-

H s an ton nh mc :.................................................29

11.7-

K hiu tm nhn ca mt my bin p o lng :..............30

12. Cc yu cu b xung lin quan n cc my bin dng bo v . 30

12.1-

Cc gi tr tiu chun ca cc h s gii hn chnh xc :....30

12.2-

Cc cp chnh xc ca mt my bin dng bo v............30

12.3-

Cc gii hn cc sai s ca cc my bin dng bo v :.......30

12.4-

Sai s dng v lch pha :.............................................31

12.5-

Cc th nghim in hnh vi sai s kp :......................31

12.6-

Cc th nghim thng l vi sai s kp :..........................31

12.7-

K hiu tm nhn ca mt my bin dng bo v :...........32

256436291.doc 01/06/15

4 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 5 -

U ban k thut in quc t

_________
Cc my bin p o lng
Phn 1 : Cc my bin dng .
Li ni u
1)
IEC ( u ban k thut in quc t ) l mt t chc quc t v tiu chun ho
bao gm ton b cc u ban k thut in quc gia ( cc u ban quc gia IEC ) . Mc
ch ca IEC l thc y s hp tc quc t v tt c cc vn tiu chun
ho trong cc lnh vc in v in t . Nhm mc ch ny , v ngoi cc hot
ng khc , IEC cn cho xut bn cc tiu chun quc t . Vic son tho cc tiu
chun ny do cc u ban k thut m nhim. Cc u ban quc gia quan tm n
caca vn c xem xt c th tham gia bin son . Cc t chc quc t , t
chc chnh ph v phi chnh ph c lin h vi IEC , cng c th tham gia vo cc
cng vic ny . IEC cng tc cht ch vi t chc quc t v tiu chun ho ( IS0 ) ,
theo cc iu kin m hai t chc ny cng nhau tho thun .
2)
Cc quyt nh hoc tho thun chnh thc v cc vn k thut c son
tho bi cc u ban k thut , trong c i din ca cc u ban quc gia c
bit quan tm n cc vn , th hin mt s nht tr quc t cao v cc
vn c xem xt .
3)
Cc ti liu son tho th hin di dng cc khuyn ngh quc t . Chng c
xut bn nh cc tiu chun , cc bo co k thut hoc cc hng dn v c chp
nhn bi cc u ban quc gia theo cc ngha .
4)
Vi mc ch thc y s thng nht quc t, cc u ban quc gia IEC cam
kt p dng mt cch thng thong cc tiu chun quc t ca IEC vo cc tiu
chun quc gia v tiu chun vng trong mi kh nng c th . Mi khc bit gia
tiu chun quc t IEC v tiu chun quc gia hoc tieu chun vng tng ng phi
c nu r trong cc tiu chun quc gia hoc tiu chun vng .
5)
IEC khng qui nh bt k th tc no lin quan n k hiu ch nh
s chp thun ca mnh v khng chu trch nhim v bt k ti liu no c cng
b l ph hp vi mt trong cc tiu chun ca IEC .
6)
Cn ch l mt s phn t ca tieu chun quc t c th l ch th ca cc
quyn sng ch . IEC khng chu trch nhim xc nhn bt k hoc tt c cc
quyn sng ch nh th .

Tiu chun quc t IEC 44.1 do u ban k thut 38 ca IEC son tho :
Cc my bin p o lng . Tiu chun ny xo b v thauy th ln
xut bn th hai ca IEC 185 in n vo nm 1987 , bn sa i 1
( 1990 ) vn bn sa i s 2 ( 1995 ) .
Vn bn ca tiu chun ny da vo cc ti liu sau :
Bn d tho tiu chun quc
t FDIS

Bin bn biu quyt

38 / 161 / FDIS

38 / 174 / RVD

Bin bn biu quyt ch trong bng trn cho cc thng tin v

biu quyt chp nhn tiu chun ny .
256436291.doc 01/06/15

5 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 6 -

Ph lc A hp thnh mt b phn ca tiu chun ny

Ph lc B ch cho cc thng tin .

Cc my bin p o lng
Phn 1 : Cc my bin dng .
1- Tng qut
1.1- Phm vi p dng :
Phn IEC 44 ny p dng cho cc my bin dng s dng vi cc
ng h o in v cc trang b bo v in cc tn s t 15 HZ
n 100 HZ .
Phn ny p dng ch yu cho cc my bin dng vi cc cun dy
tch bit nhau , nhng cng c th p dng ni thch hp cho cc my
bin p t ngu .
iu 11 bao gm cc yu cu v cc th nghim b xung vo cc
iu t 3 ti 10 , cn thit i vi cc my bin dng dng vi cc
ng h o in .
iu 12 bao gm cc yu cu v cc th nghim , b xung vo cc
iu t 3 n 10 , cn thit i vi cc my bin dng dng vi
cc r0le bo v in v cc yu cu ca iu na lin quan c
bit n cc dng bo v trong yu cu u tin l duy tr mt
chnh xc thch hp i vi cc dng c gi tr gy nhiu ln dng
nh mc .
i vi mt s h thng bo v mang bin dng hp thnh b
phn ca h thng ( v d trong cc trang b bo v so lch tc ng
nhanh hoc bo v bng dng t trong cc li c trung tnh ni t
bng cun dy dp h quang ) th cc yu cu b xung c th l cn
thit .
Cc my bin dng dng cho o lng v bo v phi tho mn cc yu
cu ca tt c cc iu trong tiu chun ny .
1.2-

Cc tiu chun tham kho :

Cc ti liu tiu chun sau y cha cc qui nh , m thong qua

tham chin to thnh cc qui nh c gi tr i vi phn IEC 44 ny .
Vo lc in n th cc xut bn cho ang c gi tr . Tt c cc ti
liu tiu chun u tu thuc vo s xem xt li v cc phn c cc
nht tr c a vo phn IEC 44 ny u c khuyn khch nghin
cu kh nng p dng cc ln xut bn gn nhat ca cc ti liu tiu
chun ch nh sau y . Cc thnh vin ca IEC v IS0 c bn ghi
ca cc tiu chun quc t hin hnh .
IEC 28: 1925- Tiu chun quc t ca ng loi c .
IEC 38: 1983- Cc in p tiu chun ca IEC .
256436291.doc 01/06/15

6 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 7 -

IEC 50 ( 321 ) : 1986-T ng k thut in quc t - Chng 321- Cc

my bin p o lng .
IEC 60-1 : 1989- Cc k thut th nghim cao p - Phn 1 : Cc nh
ngha , yu cu chung lin quan n cc th nghim .
IEC 71-1: 1993- Kt hp cch in - Phn 1 :
nguyn tc , qui tc

Cc nh ngha,

IEC 85 : 1984- nh gi v phn loi nhit ca cch in .

IEC 121: 1960- Khuyn ngh lin quan n cc si dy bng nhm
c cng nghip i vi cc dy dn in .
IEC 270: 1981- o cc phng in cc b .
IEC 567 : 1992- Hng dn ly mu kh v du trong cc thit b in
ngm du v phn tch kh t do v ho tan .
IEC 599 : 1978- Din gii s phn tch cc kh trong cc my bin
p v cc thit b in ngm y du trong lm vic .
IEC 721 : Phn loi cc iu kin mi trng .
IEC 815 : 1986 - Hng dn chn cc cch in di nhim .
2-

Cc nh ngha :

V mc ch ca phn IEC 44 ny , cc nh ngha sau y c p

dng :
2.1-

Cc nh ngha chung :

2.1.1- My bin p o lng : My bin p dng cung cp in

cho cc thit b o , cc cng t , cc r-le v cc thit b t ng t
khc ( IEV 321-01-01 sa i ) .
2.1.1My bin dng : My bin p o lng dng th cp ,
trong cc iu kin s dng bnh thng l t l vi dng s cp v
lch pha so vi dng s cp mt gc gn bng 0 , i vi mt hng
thch hp cc mi ni ( IEV 321-02-01 ) .
2.1.3i .

Cun dy s cp : Cun dy qua chy dng c bin

2.1.4Cun dy th cp : Cun dy cung cp cho cc mch dng

ca cc thit b o , cc cng t , cc vi v cc mch tng t .
2.1.5Mch th cp : Mch bn ngoi c cung cp bng cun
dy th cp ca mt my bin p .
2.1.6Dng s cp nh mc : Gi tr dng s cp trn c
xc nh cc iu kin lm vic ( IEV 321-01-11 sa i ) .
2.1.7Dng th cp nh mc : Gi tr dng th cp trn c xc nh cc iu kin lm vic ( IEV 321-01-15 sa i ) .
256436291.doc 01/06/15

7 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 8 -

2.1.8T s bin p : T s gia dng s cp thc v dng th

cp thc ( IEV 321-01-17 sa i ) .
2.1.9T s bin nh mc : T s gia dng s cp nh mc
v dng th cp nh mc ( IEV 321-01-19 sa i ) .
2.1.10- Sai s dng ( sai s t s ) : Sai s my bin p a
vo trong o lng mt dng v n do bi s lm vic l t s bin
tht khng t s bin nh mc ( IEV 321-01-21 sa i ) .
Sai s dng c biu th bng % c cho bi cng thc sau :
Sai s dng % = < ( Kn I s - Ip ) x 100 > / Ip
y : Kn l t s bin nh mc .
Ip l dng s cp thc
I s l dng th cp thc khi Ipdng chy di cc iu kin
.
2.1.11 lch pha : S khc nhau v pha gia cc vc t dng
th cp v s cp , chiu cao ca cc vc t ny c chn sao cho
gc l 0 i vi mt bin p hon ho ( IEV 321-01-23 sa i ).
lch pha c coi nh dng khi vc t dng th cp l i trc vc t
dng s cp thng c biu th bng pht hoc bng centi-radian.
Ghi ch-

nh ngha ny l r chnh xc ch i vi cc dng hnh sin .

2.1.12Cp chnh xc : Tn gi c p dng cho mt my bin

dng c cc sai s duy tr trong cc gii hn c qui nh i vi cc
iu kin s dng xc nh .
2.1.13Ti : Tng tr ca mch th cp c biu th bng ohm vi
h s cng xut .
Ti thng c c trng bng cng xut biu kin c hp th bng
vn -ampe , h s cng xut xc nh v dng th cp nh mc
.
2.1.14Ti nh mc : Gi tr ti cc iu kin chnh xc
c a vo .
2.1.15Cng xut cp chnh xc : Gi tr ca cng xut biu
kin ( bng vn-ampe mt h s cng xut xc nh ) m my bin
p c th cung cp cho mch th cp dng th cp nh mc v vi
ti nh mc c ni vo n .
2.1.16in p cao nht i vi thit b : in p hiu dng
gia cc pha cao nht cch in ca my bin p c thit k .
2.1.17Mc cch in nh mc : T hp cc gi tr in p ,
c trng cho cch in ca mt my bin p lin quan n kh
nng chu cc ng lc in mi .
2.1.18Li c trung tnh cch in : Li im trung khng
c nh ni t , tr cc mi ni tng tr cao dng cho cc trang b
bo v hoc o lng ( IEV 601-02-24).
2.1.19Li c trung tnh ni t trc tip : Li c mt hoc
nhiu im trung tnh c ni trc tip vi t ( IEV 601-02-25 ) .
2.1.20- Li trung tnh khng trc tip ni t : Li c mt hoc
nhiu im ni t qua tng tr dng hn ch cc dng s c ni
t ( IEV 601-02-26 ) .
256436291.doc 01/06/15

8 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 9 -

2.1.21Li ( trung tnh ) c ni t bng cun dp h quang

: Li c mt hoc nhiu im trung tnh c ni t qua cc in
khng b xp x thnh phn inj dung ca dng s c mt pha vi
t ( IEV 601-02-27 ) .
Ghi ch- i vi mt li in c b bng cun dy dp h quang th dng d trong
s c c gii hn mt im nh th no mt tia la s c trong khng kh
thng thng l t dp tt c .

2.1.22H s s c vi t : mt ni cho ca mt li ba pha

v i vi mt s vn hnh cho ca li ny , t s gia mt
in p tn s cng nghip pha-t hiu dng cao nht trn pha
khng b s c trong mt s c vi t nh hng n mt pha hoc
nhiu pha no mt im no ca li vi in p tn s cng
nghip pha-t hiu dng s thu c ni c xem xt khi khng c
s c ( IEV 604-03-06 ) .
2.1.23Li trung tnh ni t : Li c trung c ni t hoc
trc tip hoc qua in tr hoc in khng nh gim c
cc giao ng qu v cho qua mt dng i vi bo v s c
ni t la chn .
a)
Li c trung tnh ni t c hiu qu mt ni cho l mt li
c c trng bng mt h s ni t im ny khng c vt qu
1,4 .
Ghi chiu kin ny thu c ni chung khi , i vi tt c cc cu hnh li , t
s in khng th t khng vi in khng th t dng l nh hn 3 v t s in
khng th t khng vi in khng th t dng l nh hn 1 .

b) Mt li trung tnh ni t khng c hiu qu mt ni cho l

mt li c c trng bng h s s c ni t im ny c th vt
qu 1,4

256436291.doc 01/06/15

9 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 10 -

2.1.24Trang thit b h : Mt trang thit b trong

thit b b l thuc vo cc qu in p c ngun gc kh quyn .
Ghi ch- Cc trang thit b ny thng c ni vo cc ng dy trn
khng trc tip hoc qua mt cp c chiu di ngn .
2.1.15Trang thit b khng h : Mt trang thit b trong
thit b khng b l thuc vo cc qu in p c ngun gc kh
quyn .
Ghi ch-

Cc trang thit b ny thng c ni vo mt li cp ngm .

2.1.16Tn s nh mc : Gi tr tn s c a vo cc
yu cu ca tiu chun ny .
2.1.17Dng ngn mch nhit nh mc ( I th ) : Gi tr
hiu dng ca dng s cp m my bin p c th chu c trong 1
giy khng c cc h hng in , trong khi cun dy th cp ca my
ang c ngn mch .
2.1.18Dng in ng nh mc ( I dyn ) : Gi tr nh
ca dng s cp m my bin p c th chu c khng c h hng
in hoc c no do cc lc in ng gy nn , trong khi cun
th cp ang c ngn mch .
2.1.19Dng pht nng hoc dng nhit lin tc nh mc :
Gi tr ca dng c th chy qua lin tc trong cun dy s cp , cun
dy th cp ang c ni vo ph ti nh mc , m khng c s
pht nng vt qu cc gi tr c qui nh .
2.1.30Dng kch thch : Gi tr hiu dng ca dng qua cun
dy th cp ca mt my bin dng, khi t gia cc u cc th
cp mt in p hnh sin tn s nh mc , cun dy s cp v tt
c cc cun dy khc ang h mch .
2.1.31Sai s kp : Di cc iu kin trng thi n nh, gi
tr hiu dng cu sai khc gia :
a) Cc gi tr tc thi ca dng s cp v .
b)
Tch s ca t s bin nh mc vi cc gi tr tc thi ca dng
th cp , cc chiu dng ca cc dng s cp v th cp tng ng vi
cc qui c c chp nhn i vi vic k hiu cc u cc .
Sai s kp & c c biu th ni chung bng % cc gi tr hiu dng
dng s cp theo cng thc :

y : Kn l t s bin p nh mc
Ip l gi tr hiu dng dng s cp
ip l gi tr tc thi dng s cp .
i s l gi tr tc thi dng th cp .
T l gi tr chu k cc dng .

256436291.doc 01/06/15

10 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

2.2-

- 11 -

Cc nh ngha b xung lin quan n cc my bin

dng o lng .

2.2.1- My bin dng o lng : My bin dng dng cung cp

cho cc thit b o , cho cc cng t v cc thit b tng t khc .
2.2.2Dng gii hn nh mc ( i vi cc thit b o )
( IPL ) : Gi tr dng s cp cc tiu sai s kp ca my bin
dng o lng l bng hoc ln hn 10% , ti th cp bng ti nh
mc .
Ghi ch- Sai s kp nn ln hn 10% bo v cc thit b o c cung cp
bi my bin dng chng cc dng cao xut hin trong trng hp ngn mch
trn li .

2.2.3H s an ton ( i vi cc thit b o ) ( FS ) : T s

gia dng gii hn s cp nh mc i vi thit b v dng s cp
nh mc .
Ghi ch- Vic an ton ca cc thit b c cung cp bng my bin p l cao
nht , trong trng hp ngn mch trong li c xen vo cun dy s cp ,
khi gi tr ca h s an ton thit b o nh mc ( FS ) l nh nht .

2.2.4Sc in ng gii hn th cp : L tch s ca h s an

ton FS , dng th cp nh mc v tng vec-t ca ti nh mc
v tng tr cun dy th cp .
Ghi ch- 1) Phng php tnh ton sc in ng gii hn th cp s cho mt
gi tr cao hn gi tr thc N1 c chn p dng cng phng php th
nghim nh trong 11.6 v 12.6 , lin quan n cc my bin dng dng trong
bo v .
Cc phng php khc c th c s dng theo s nht tr gia nh ch to v
ngi mua.
2) Trong vic tnh ton sc in ng gii hn th cp th in
tr ca cun dy th cp phi c hiu chnh vi nhit bng 75 C .

2.3-

Cc nh ngha b xung lin quan n cc my bin

dng dng cho bo v .

2.3.1My bin dng dng cho bo v : My bin dng dng

cung cp cho cc r-le bo v .
2.3.2Dng gii hn cp chnh xc nh mc : Gi tr cao nht
ca dng s cp my bin dng phi tho mn cc yu cu lin
quan n sai s kp .
2.3.3- H s gii hn cp chnh xc : T s gia dng gii hn cp
chnh xc nh mc v dng s cp nh mc .
2.3.4Sc in ng gii hn th cp : Tch s ca h s gii
hn cp chnh xc vi dng th cp nh mc v vi tng vec-t ti
nh mc v tng tr cun dy th cp .
3-

Cc iu kin lm vic bnh thng v c bit :

Cc thng tin chi tit lin quan n phn loi cc iu kin mi trng c cho trong dy cc IEC 721 .
256436291.doc 01/06/15

11 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

3.1-

- 12 -

Cc iu kin lm vic bnh thng .

3.1.1Nhit khng kh mi trng xung quanh : Cc my bin

dng c xp thnh 3 loi nh ch trong bng 1 .
Bng 1 : Cc loi nhit
Loi

Nhit cc tiu ( 0 o C )

Nhit cc ai ( 0 o C )

-5/40
-25/40
-40/40

-5
-25
-40

40
40
40

Ghi chTrong vic la chn loi nhit , th cng cn xem xt cc iu kin

lu kho v chuyn ch .

256436291.doc 01/06/15

12 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

3.1.2-

- 13 -

cao :

cao thp hn 1000 m .

3.1.3-

Cc rung ng hoc ng t :

Cc rung ng do nguyn nhn bn ngoi ti my bin dng hoc

ng y l khng ng k .
3.1.4Cc iu kin lm vic khc i vi cc my bin dng
trong nh :
Cc iu kin khc c xem xt nh sau :
a)

Anh hng ca bc x mt tri c th b qua .

b) Khng kh mi trng xung quanh khng b nhim ng k v

bi , khi, cc kh n mn, cc hi hoc mui .
c)

Cc iu kin m nh sau :
1)
Gi tr m tng i trung bnh , o trong mt thi
gian 24 gi khng c vt qu 95% .
2) Gi tr trung bnh p lc hi nc trong mt thi gian 24
gi khng c vt qu 2,2 kPa.
3)
Gi tr trung bnh ca m tng i trong mt thi
gian mt thng khng c vt qu 90% .
4)
Gi tr trung bnh p lc hi nc trong mt thi gian
mt thng khng c vt qu 1,8 kPa. Vi cc iu kin nh
th vic ngng ng c th sy ra mt cch ngu nhin .
Ghi ch- 1) C th sn sng c ngng ng khi c cc thay i t
xut v nhit sy ra trong cc thi gian c m cao .
2)
chu c cc hiu ng ca mt m cao v ngng
ng nh vic h hng cch in hoc n mn cc b phn kim loi th
cn s dng cc my bin dng c thit k cho cc iu kin nh th .
3)
Vic ngng ng c th trnh c bng mt thit k
c bit hp v, bng mt thng gi v bng mt sy nng thch hp
hoc bng vic s dng cc b kh m .

3.1.5Cc iu kin lm vic khc i vi my bin dng loi

ngoi tri :
Cc iu kin lm vic khc c xem xt l :
a) Gi tr trung bnh ca nhit khng kh xung quanh , o
trong mt thi gian 24 gi khng c vt qu 35 C .
b)
Cn xem xt n bc x mt tri ti mt mc bng 1000
vv / m ( vo mt ngy khng my gia tra ) .
c)
Khng kh mi trng xung quanh c th b nhim bi,
khi, cc kh n mn, cc hi hoc mui . Cc mc nhim cho
trong bng 7 .
d) Ap lc do gi khng c vt qu 700 Pa ( iu ny tng ng
vi mt tc khng kh bng 34 m/ s ) .
e)

Cn tnh n s c mt ca ngng ng v ma .

256436291.doc 01/06/15

13 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

3.2-

- 14 -

Cc iu kin lm vic c bit :

Khi cc my bin dng c th s dng trong cc iu kin khc vi

cc iu kin lm vic bnh thng cho trong 3.1 th cc yu cu ca
ngi s dng cn tham kho cc ngng c tiu chun ho nh sau :
3.2.1-

Nhit mi trng xung quanh :

i vi cc thit b trong mt ni nhit mi trng xung quanh

c th ngoi dy iu kin lm vic bnh thng qui nh trong
3.1.1 th cc dy nhit ti a v ti thiu thch hp c xc nh
nn l :
-

- 50 C v 40 C i vi cc kh hu rt lnh .

- 5 C v 50 C i vi cc kh hu rt nng .

Trong mt s vng xuat hin cc gi nng v m l thng

xuyn , cc thay i t xut v nhit c th ko theo s s
xut hin ngng ng ngay c bn trong nh .
Ghi chTrong mt s iu kin bc x mt tri , cc bin php thch hp
nh v d lp mi , thng gi cng bc ..v...v...c th cn thit hoc s dng vic
gim ti , khng vt qu cc tng nhit qui nh .

3.2.2-

cao :

i vi cc thit b mt cao ln hn 1000 m th khong cch tia

la trong cc iu kin kh quyn tham chin c tiu chun ho
phi c xc nh bng cch nhn cc in p chu ng c i
hi ni lm vic vi mt h s k theo hnh 1 .
Ghi chi vi cch in bn trong th bn in mi khng b nh hng bi cao . Phng php kim tra cch in bn ngoi cn c thng
nht gia nh ch to v ngi mua.

3.2.3-

ng t :

Cc qui tc v cc th nghim ang c nghin cu .

3.3-

H thng ni t :

Cc ni t h thng c xem xt l :
a) Li c trung tnh cch ly ( xem 2.1.20 )
b)
Li c trung tnh ni t qua avn dy dp h quang ( xem
2.1.23 ) .
c) Li c trung tnh ni t ( xem 2.1.25 ) :
1)
Li c trung tnh trc tip ni t ( xem 2.1.21 ) .
2)
Li c trung tnh ni t qua tr khng ( xem 2.1.22 ) .

256436291.doc 01/06/15

14 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

44.1-

- 15 -

Cc gi tr tiu chun :
Cc gi tr tiu chun ca cc dng s cp nh mc .

4.1.1Cc my bin dng ch c mt t s bin : Cc gi tr tiu

chun ca cc dng s cp nh mc l :
10 - 12,5 - 15 - 20 - 25 - 30 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 75 A
v cc bi s hoc c s thp phn ca chng .
Cc gi tr thch hp c gch di .
4.1.2-

Cc my bin dng c nhiu t s bin :

Cc gi tr tiu chun hnh 4.1.1 p dng cho cc gi tr thp nht

ca dng s cp nh mc .
4.2-

Cc gi tr tiu chun ca cc dng th cp nh mc :

Cc gi tr tiu chun ca cc dng th cp nh mc l : 1A, 2A , v

5A , gi tr thch hp nht l 5A .
Ghi chi vi cc my bin p u hnh tam gic th cc gi tr trn c
chia cho cn 3 cng l cc gi tr tiu chun .

4.3-

Gi tr tiu chun dng pht nng lin tc :

Tr phi c cc ch dn khc , dng pht nng cng bng dng s cp

nh mc ( xem 11.3 ) .
4.4-

Cc gi tr tiu chun cc cng xut nh mc :

Cc gi tr tiu chun cc cng xut nh mc ti 30 VA l :

10 - 15 - v 30 VA .

2,5 - 5,0-

Cc gi tr trn 30 VA c th la chn th no p ng c cc
nhu cu .
Ghi chi vi mt my bin dng cho , mc d n c mt cng xut
nh mc tiu chun tng ng vi mt cp chnh xc tiu chun , cc gi tr
cng xut nh mc khc c th khng tiu chun , nhng tng ng vi cc cp
chnh xc tiu chun , c th cng c ch nh .

4.5Cc dng ngn mch nh mc :

Cc my bin dng c mt vng dy s cp hoc c to bi ch
mt dy dn pha tho mn cc yu cu ca 4.5.1 v 4.5.2 .
4.5.1-

Dng ngn mch nhit nh mc ( I

th

):

i vi mi my bin dng th gi tr dng ngn mch nhit phi c

qui nh ( xem 2.1.25 ) .
4.5.2-

Gi tr tiu chun dng in ng nh mc ( I

dyn

):

Gi tr tiu chun dng in ng nh mc phi l 2,5 I th . Gi tr

ca I dyn ch c ch dn trn tm nhn nu n khc vi gi tr ny
( xem 2.1.26 ) .
256436291.doc 01/06/15

15 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

4.6-

- 16 -

Cc gii hn pht nng :

Pht nng ca mt my bin dng khi mang mt dng s cp bng

dng pht nng ca n th cun dy th cp cung cp mt ti bng
ti nh mc vi mt h s cng xut bng 1 , khng c vt qu gi
tr thch hp ca bng 2 . Cc gi tr ny gi thit l my bin dng
c dng lm vic trong cc iu kin lm vic ch trong iu 3
. Nu nhit mi trng xung quanh vt qu cc gi tr ch trong
3.1 , th pht nng ch trong bng 2 phi c gim xung mt gi tr
bng vi s vt ca nhit mi trng xung quanh .
Nu mt my bin dng c qui nh lm vic cao ln hn
1000 m v cc th nghim li c tin hnh mt cao nh hn
1000 m , th cc gi tr pht nng cho trong bng 2 phi c gim
theo cc t l sau , i vi mi 100 m cao ni lm vic trn 1000
m:
a)

Cc my bin p ngm trong du 0,9 % .

b)

Cc my bin p kh 0,5 %

256436291.doc 01/06/15

16 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 17 -

Pht nng cc cun dy c gii hn bng cp cch in thng nht ,

hoc ca bn thn cun dy hoc ca mi trng trong n c
t . Cc gii hn pht nng chp nhn c i vi mi cp cch in
ch trong bng 2 .
Bng 2 : Cc gii hn pht nng ca cc cun dy
Cp cch in ( theo IEC 85 )

Cc gii hn pht nng ( K )

Tt c cc cp , cc cun dy ang ngm trong du

60

Tt c cc cp , cc cun dy ang ngm trong du

v c gn kn

65

Tt c cc cp , cc cun dy ang c nm trong

mt khi cch in bi-tum

50

Cc cun dy khng c ngm trong du cng

khng nm trong mt khi bi-tum , cc cp sau :

45

60

75

85

110

135

Ghi chi vi mt s cht cch in ( v d nha ) , th nh ch to cn

qui nh cp cch in thch ng .

Khi my bin p c lp vi mt thng du ph hoc khi c mt kh

tr trn du , hoc khi my c gn kn th pht nng ca du
phn trn khng c vt qu 55K.
Khi khng c bt k trang b trn th pht nng ca du phn trn
khng c vt qu 50K .
Pht nng c o trn b mt ca mch t v cc b phn kim loi
khc tip sc vi cc cun dy hoc vi cc cch in , hoc ngay
vng ln cn ca chng , khng c vt qu cc gi tr cho php
bng 2 .
55.1-

Cc yu cu lin quan n thit k .

Yu cu lin quan n cch in :

Cc yu cu ny p dng cho cch in ca tt c cc loi my bin

dng . Cc yu cu b xung ( ang nghin cu ) c th l cn thit
i vi cc my bin dng c cch in kh .
5.1.1-

Cc mc cch in nh mc i vi cc cun s cp :

Mc cch in nh mc ca cun s cp mt my bin dng phi

da vo in p cao nht ca n i vi trang thit b Um.
256436291.doc 01/06/15

17 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 18 -

Trong trng hp mt my bin dng khng c cun s cp v khng c

cch in s cp ca bn thn n , th gi tr Um = 0,72 kV c
tha nhn .

256436291.doc 01/06/15

18 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 19 -

5.1.1.1Trong trng hp cc cun dy c Um = 0,72 kV hoc 1,2

kV th mc cch in nh mc c xc nh bng in p chu
ng nh mc tn s cng nghip theo bng 3 .
5.1.1.2Trong trng hp cc cun dy c Um = 3,6 kV v ln hn ,
nhng nh hn 300 kV th mc cch in nh mc c xc nh
bng cc in p chu ng nh mc cc xung st v cc in p
chu ng tn s cng nghip v phi ph hp vi bng 3 .
i vi vic la chn gia cc mc khc nhau i vi cng gi tr bng
Um (xem IEC 71-1 ) .
5.1.1.3 - i vi cc cun dy c Um ln hn hoc bng 300 kV , th
mc cch in nh mc xc nh bng cc in p chu ng
xung st v xung thao tc , v phi c chn theo bng 4 . i vi vic
chn gia cc mc khc nhau i vi cng gi tr Un xem IEC 71-1

Bng 3 : Cc mc cch in nh mc i vi cc cun dy s

cp ca my bin p vi mt in p cao nht i vi thit b
Um < 300 kV

in p cao nht i vi
thit b Um( gi tr hiu
dng ) kV
0.72
1.2
3.6

in p chu ng nh
mc tn s cng nghip
kV

7.2

20

12

28

17.5

38

24

50

36

70

52
72.5
100
123

95
140
185
185
230
230
275
275
325
395
460

145
170
245

256436291.doc 01/06/15

3
6
10

19 40

in p chu ng nh
xung st ( gi tr hiu
dng )
kV
20
40
40
60
60
75
75
95
95
125
145
170
250
325
450
450
550
550
650
650
750
950
1050

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 20 -

Ghi chTrong trng hp cc trang thit b h th khuyn ngh chn cc mc

cch in cao nht .

256436291.doc 01/06/15

20 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 21 -

Bng 4 : Cc mc cch in nh mc i vi cc cun dy s

cp my bin p vi mt in p cao nht i vi thit b Um
bng hoc ln hn 300 kV
in p cao nht i vi
thit b Um( gi tr hiu
dng ) kV

in p chu ng nh
xung st ( gi tr hiu
dng )
kV
750
950
300
850
1050
850
1050
362
950
1175
1050
1300
420
1050
1425
1050
1425
525
1175
1550
1425
1950
765
1550
2100
Ghi ch1)
Trong trng hp cc trang thit b h , khuyn ngh chn cc
mc cch in cao nht .
2)
Khi cc mc in p th nghim i vi
Um = 765 kV khng cn c quyt nh mt cch dt khot th cc thay i
trong cc mc th nghim xung thao tc v xung st c th tr thnh cn thit .

5.1.2-

in p chu ng nh
mc tn s cng nghip
kV

Cc yu cu khc i vi cch in cun s cp

5.1.2.1- in p chu ng tn s cng nghip : Cc cun dy c

in p cao nht i vi thit b Um bng hoc ln hn 300 kV phi
ph hp vi bng 5 , chu in p chu ng tn s cng nghip tng
ng vi in p chu xung st c chn .
5.1.2.2Cc phng in cc b : Cc yu cu lin quan n cc
phng in cc b p dng cho cc my bin dng vi mt in p
cao nht i vi thit b Um bng hoc ln hn 7,2 kV . Cc mc
phng in cc b phi khng c vt qu cc gii hn qui nh bi
bng 6 , i vi cc in p th nghim phng in cc b bi cng
bng ny , sau khi p t mt ng xut d theo cc th tc ca 8.2.2 .
Bng 5 : Cc in p chu ng tn s cng nghip i vi
cc cun s cp ca cc my bin p vi in aps cao nht i
vi thit b Um 300 kV
in p chu ng nh mc
xung st
( gi tr nh ) kV

in p chu ng nh mc tn
s cng nghip ( gi tr hiu
dng ) kV

950

395

1050

460

1175

510

1300

570

1425

630

256436291.doc 01/06/15

21 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 22 1550

680

1950

880

2100

975

256436291.doc 01/06/15

22 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 23 -

Bng 6 : Cc in p th nghim cc phng in cc b v cc

mc cho php

Loi ni t ca li

Li c trung tnh ni t (
h s ni t < 1,5 )
Li c trung tnh cch
in hoc khng ni t
( h s ni t > 1,5 )

in p th nghim
( gi tr hiu dng)
kV

Mc cho php cc
phng in cc b
pCLoi cch in
ngm
Rn
trong cht
lng

Um

10

50

1,2 Um / 3

20

1.2 Um

10

50

1,2 Um / 3

20

Ghi ch1)
Nu h thng ni t khng c xc nh th cc gi tr ch
nh i vi cc li c trung tnh cch in hoc khng ni t c hiu qu l c
gi tr .
2)
Mc cho php phng in cc b cng c gi tr i vi cc tn s
khc nhau ca tn s nh mc .

5.1.2.3Xung st ct : Nu in p ny c qui nh b xung

th cun s cp cng phi c kh nng chu mt in p xung xt
ct c gi tr nh bng 115 % gi tr in p xung st y .
Ghi ch- Cc gi tr nh hn ca in p th nghim c th c thng nht gia
nh ch to v ngi mua .

5.1.2.4in dung v h s tn tht in mi : Cc yu cu ch

p dng cho cc my bin p c mt cch in ca cun s cp c
ngm trong mtj cht lng v in p cao nht i vi thit b Um
bng hoc ln hn 72,5 kV .
Cc gi tr in dung v h s tn tht in mi ( tg d ) phi tham
chin vi tn s nh mc v vi mt mc in p trong dy bng 10
kV ti Um / cn 3 .
Ghi ch- 1) Mc ch l kim tra tnh ng dng ch to . Cc gii hn cc
thay i cho php c th tu thuc vo s nht tr gia nh ch tao v ngi mua .
2)
H s tn tht in mi ph thuc vo thit k cch in v c
vo in p v nhit . Gi tr ca n Um / cn 3 v nhit mi trng xung
quanh thng thng khng vt qu 0,005 .

5.1.2.5Xung ct lin tip : Nu iu ny c ng b xung

th cun dy s cp ca cc my bin dng c ngm trong du v
c Um > hay = 300 kV phi c th chu c cc xung ct lin tip
kim tra c tnh i vi cc ng lc cao tn mong mun trong
vn hnh .

256436291.doc 01/06/15

23 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 24 -

Khi thiu mt kinh nghim ngh mt chng trnh th

nghim xc nh v cc tiu chun chp nhn , trong tiu chun ny
ch mt s thng tin c cho trong ph lc B trn mmt th tc th
nghim c th . Vic chng minh rng thit k l thch hp dnh cho
nh ch tao.
Ghi chCn kim tra c bit vic thit k lin quan n cc mn chn bn
trong v cc mi ni mang cc dng qu

256436291.doc 01/06/15

24 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

5.1.3-

- 25 -

Cc yu cu cch in gia cc phn :

Trong trng hp cc cun s cp v th cp chia thnh hai phn hoc

nhiu phn th in p chi ng tn s cng nghip ca cch
in gia cc phn phi l 3 kV ( gi tr hiu dng ) .
5.1.4-

Cc yu cu cch in i vi cun th cp :

in p chu ng nh mc tn s cng nghip ca cc cun th

cp phi bng 3 kV ( gi tr hi dng ) .
5.1.5-

Cc yu cu cch in gia cc vng dy :

in p chu ng nh mc cch in gia cc vng dy phi

bng 4,5 kV gi tr nh .
i vi mt s loi bin p , cc gi tr nh hn c th c chp nhn
theo th tc th nghim ch trong 8.4 .
Ghi ch-

Theo th tc th nghim , dng sng c th bin dng ln .

5.1.6-

Cc yu cu i vi cch in ngoi tri :

5.1.6.1- nhim : Trong trng hp cc my bin dng ngoi tri , vi

cc cch in gm c th nhim , th cc ng r i vi cc mc
nhim cho c ch trong bng 7 .
Bng 7 : Cc chiu di ng r
Mc nhim

I nh
II trung bnh
III mnh
IV rt mnh

Gi tr danh nh ti
thiu ca ng r qui
nh mm / kV 1) 2)
18
20
25
31

ng r
Khong cch tia la

3.5
4.0

1) T s ng r gia pha v t qua gi tr hiu dng gia cc pha in p cao

nht i vi thit b ( xem IEC 71-1 )
2)
i vi cc thng tin khc v i vi cc dung sai ch to trn ng r xem IEC
815.
Ghi ch1)
Cn ghi nh rng cc tnh nng cch in b mt l b nh h ng
mnh m bi hnh dng cch in .
2)
Trong cc vng c nhim rt nh , cc ng r danh nh nh
hn 16 mm/kV c th c s dng tu theo kinh nghim vn hnh
3)
Trong trng hp c bit nhim nghim trng cc ng r danh
nh qui nh bng 31 mm / kV c th khng . Theo kinh nghim thu c trong
vn hnh v / hoc trn cc kt qu th nghim trong phng th nghim th mt
gi tr cao hn ca ng r qui nh c th c s dng , nhng trong mt trng hp
th s dng lau ra c th c xem xt .

5.2-

Cc yu cu v c :

Cc yu cu ny ch p dng cho cc my bin dng c mt in p

cao hn i vi thit b bng hoc ln hn 72,5 kV .

256436291.doc 01/06/15

25 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 26 -

Bng 8 cho cc thng tin trn cc ti tnh m cc my bin dng phi

c th chu c . Cc gi tr bao gm cc ti do gi v bng tuyt .

256436291.doc 01/06/15

26 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 27 -

Cc ti th nghim qui nh c dng p t vo cc u cc

s cp trong tt c cc hng .
Bng 8 : Cc ti th nghim chu tnh
Ti chu ng tnh F R
in p cao nht i
vi
Ti cp 1
Ti cp II
thit b UmkV
72,5 ti 100
1250
2500
123 ti 170

2000

30000

245 ti 362

2500

4000

420

4000

6000

Ghi ch1)
Tng cc ti tc ng trong cc iu kin lm vic thng ngy
khng c vt qu 50 % ti th nghim chu tnh
2)
Cc my bin dng phi chu cc ti ng cc hn xy ra rt him
( v d khi c cc ngn mch ) khng c vt qu 1,4 ln ti th nghim chu tnh .
3)
i vi mt s p dng , c th cn thit ly sc cn quay ca cc
u cc s cp . M-men t vo trong khi th nghim phi c s nht tr gia
nh ch to v ngi mua .

6-

Phn loi cc th nghim :

Cc th nghim qui nh trong tiu chun ny c phn loi nh cc

th nghim in hnh , cc th nghim thng l v cc th nghim
c bit .
Th nghim in hnh :
Th nghim thc hin trn mt my bin p ca mi loi chng
minh rng tt c cc my bin p c ch to theo cng qui nh p
ng c vi cc yu cu khng bao hm cc th nghim thng l .
Ghi chMt th nghim in hnh cng c th c coi nh nu c tin
hnh trn mt my bin p c cc sai lch nho nh . Cc sai lch nh th phi
tu thuc vo mt s nht tr gia nh ch to v ngi mua .

Th nghm thng l :
Th nghim mi my bin p ring l phi chu .
Th nghim c bit :
Th nghim ngoi mt th nghim in hnh hoc mt th nghim
thng l , m nh ch to v ngi mua thng nht .
6.1Cc th nghim in hnh :
Cc th nghim sau y l cc th nghim in hnh , v cc chi
tit tham chin cn thc hin theo cc tiu iu thch hp :
a)

Cc th nghim chu dng ngn mch ( xem iu 7.1 ).

b)

Th nghim pht nng ( xem 7.2 ).

c)

Th nghim xung st ( xem 7.3.2 )

d)

Th nghim xung thao tc ( xem 7.3.3 )

256436291.doc 01/06/15

27 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 28 -

e)
Th nghim di ma i vi cc my bin p loi ngoi tri ( xem
7.4 )
f)

Xc nh cc sai s ( xem 11.4 v hoc 12.4, 11.6, 12.5 )

256436291.doc 01/06/15

28 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 29 -

Tt c cc th nghim in hnh v in mi phi c thc hin

trn cng my bin p , tr phi c qui nh khc .
Sau khi cc my bin p chu cc th nghim in hnh v in
mi 6.1 th chng phi chu tt c cc th nghim thng l ca
6.1 .
6.2Cc th nghim thng l :
Cc th nghim sau y p dng cho tng my bin p ring l :
a)

Kim tra k hiu cc u cc ( xem 8.1 )

b) Th nghim chu ng tn s cng nghip trn cun dy

s cp ( xem 8.2.1 )
c)

o cc phng in cc b ( xem 8.2.2 )

d)
Th nghim chu ng tn s cng nghip trn cc cun
th cp ( xem 8.3 )
e)
Th nghim chu ng tn s cng nghip gia cc phn
( xem 8.3 )
f)

Th nghim qu in p gia cc vng dy ( xem 8.4 )

g)

Xc nh cc sai s ( xem 11.5 v / hoc 12.4 , 12.6 )

Th t cc th nghim khng c tiu chun ho nhng xc nh cc

sai s phi c thc hin sau cc th nghim khc .
Cc th nghim lp li tn s cng nghip trn cc cun dy s cp
cn thc hin 80 % in p th nghim qui nh .
6.3Cc th nghim c bit :
Cc th nghim sau y phi c thc hin theo s nht tr gia
nh ch to v ngi mua .
a)

Th nghim xung st ct ( xem 9.1 )

b)

o in dung v h s tn tht in mi ( xem 9.2 )

c) Th nghim cc xung ct lin tip trn cun s cp ( xem ph lc

B)
d)

Cc th nghim v c ( xem 9.3 ) .

7Cc th nghim in hnh .

7.1- Cc th nghim chu cc dng ngn mch :
Trc mi th nghim dng I th ngn mch nhit th my bin p phi
c mt nhit gia 10 C v 40 C
Th nghim nhit phi c thc hin vi mt hoc nhiu mch th
cp c ngn mch v cho qua trong cun dy s cp mt dng c
gi tr hiu dng I trong mt thi gian t , sao cho i lng ( I 2 t ) l
khng nh hn ( I 2 th ) v c gi tr gia 0,5 s v 5 s .

256436291.doc 01/06/15

29 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 30 -

Th nghim in ng cng phi thc hin vi mt hoc nhiu mch

th cp c ngn mch vi mt dng s cp c gi tr nh l khng
nh hn dng in ng nh mc
I dyn v cho qua dng ny trong mt thi gian t c t nht
mt nh .
Th nghim in ng c th kt hp vi th nghim nhit trn
min l dng nh ch yu u tin ca th nghim khng nh hn
dng in ng nh mc ( I dyn )

256436291.doc 01/06/15

30 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 31 -

Coi my bin p chu cc th nghim ny c kt qu nu sau khi

a v nhit mi trng xung quanh ( gia 10 C v 40 C ) ,
n tho mn cc yu cu sau :
a)

Khng c h hng nhn thy c

b)
Cc sai s ca n sau khi kh t khng khc vi sai s ghi
c trc khi th nghim ln hn 50 % cc gii hn tng ng vi
cp chnh xc ca n .
c)
C th chu c cc th nghim in mi qui nh
8.2 , 8.3 v 8.4 di cc in p hoc cc dng th nghim
bng 90 % cc in p hoc dng ch nh .
d)
Mt xem xt cch in ti b mt ca dy dn khng c thy h hng ng k ( v d mt cc bon ho ) .
Vic xem xt d) l khng yu cu nu mt dng trong cun s
cp tng ng vi dng nhit ngn hn nh mc ( I th ) khng vt
qu :
180 A / mm2 , ni cun dy bng ng c dn ti
thiu bng 97 % gi tr ch nh trong IEC 28 .
120 A / mm2 , ni cun dy bng ng c dn ti
thiu bng 97 % gi tr ch nh trong IEC 121 .
Ghi chKinh nghim ch rng trong vn hnh cc yu cu lin quan n dng
nhit thng tho mn i vi mt cch in cp A , nu mt dng trong cun
dy s cp tng ng vi dng nhit nh mc khng vt qu cc gi tr cp
trn .
Do vic xem xt rng yu cu ny l tho mn c th thay th mt s xem xt
cch in nu c nht tr gia nh ch to v ngi mua .

7.2Th nghim pht nng :

Th nghim phi c tin hnh kim tra tnh ph hp vi cc yu
cu ca 4.6 . Chp nhn trong th nghim ny l my bin p t
nhit n nh ca n khi nhit c o khng tng qu mt
i lng ln hn 1 K / gi .
Nhit khng kh mi trng xung quanh trong khi th nghim phi
nm gia 10 C v 30 C .
i vi th nghim ny cc my bin p phi c lp t tng t nh
lp t vn hnh . Pht nng cc cun dy phi c o bng s
bin i in tr , tr phi tin hnh trn cc cun dy c in tr
nh c th s dng mt nhit ngu .
Pht nng ca cc phn t ngoi cc cun dy c o bng nhit k
hoc nhit ngu in .
7.3Cc th nghim xung trn cun s cp :
7.3.1 Tng qut
Th nghim xung phi c thc hin theo IEC 60-1 .
in p th nghim phi t vo gia cc u cc ca cun s cp ,
ni chp vi nhau v ni t . Khung, thng ( nu c ) v li ( nu d

256436291.doc 01/06/15

31 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 32 -

nh ni t ) v tt c cc u cc ca cun dy hoc cc cun

dy th cp phi c ni t .
Cc th nghim xung thng bao gm p t in p cc mc in
p tham chin v nh mc in p xung tham chin phi nm gia
50 % v 75 % in p chu ng xung nh mc . Gi tr nh v
dng sng xung phi c ghi li .

256436291.doc 01/06/15

32 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 33 -

Mt h hng cch in theo sau th nghim c th lth hin bng s

bin i dng sng gia in p tham chiu v in p chu ng
nh mc .
Cc ci thin trong vic pht hin cc h hng c th thu c bng s
ghi li mt hoc cc dng vi t nh mt b xung vo bn ghi in
p .
7.3.2-

Th nghim xung st :

in p th phi c gi tr thch hp , ch nh cc bng 3 hoc 4 ,

ph thuc vo in p cao nht i vi thit b v mc cch in c qui nh .
7.3.2.1-

Cc cun dy c Um < 300 kV :

Th nghim phi c thc hin c vi cc cc dng v m . Phi t

15 xung lin tip vo mi cc , khng hiu chnh i vi cc iu
kin kh quyn .
My bin p tho mn th nghim , nu i vi mi cc :
Khng c s phng in ph hu sy ra trong cch in
bn trong khng t phc hi c .
Khng c nh la sy ra dc theo cch in bn ngoi
khng t phc hi c
Khng c qu hn nh la sy ra qua cch in bn ngoi
t phc hi c
Khng c bt k biu l ca mt h hng no c pht hin
( v d cc thay i trong dng sng ca cc i lng c ghi li
)
Ghi chVic p t 15 xung dng v 15 xung m c qui nh vi cch in
bn ngoi . Nu cc th nghim khc c thng nht gia nh ch to v ngi mua
kim tra cch in bn ngoi th s xung st c th gim ti 3 cho mi cc
tnh , khng c hiu chnh i vi cc iu kin kh quyn .

7.3.2.2-

Cc cun dy c Um 300 kV :

Th nghim phi c thc hin vi c cc dng v cc m . Phi p

t 3 xung lin tc cho mi cc tnh , khng c hiu chnh i vi
cc diu kin kh quyn .
My bin p tho mn th nghim nu :
-

Khng sy ra bt k h hng ph hu no .

Khng c bt k biu hin khc ca mt h hng no c

pht hin ( v d cc thay i trong dng sng ca cc i lng
c ghi ).
7.3.3-

Th nghim xung thao tc :

in p th nghim phi c gi tr thch hp , c ch nh trong

bng 4 , ph thuc vo in p cao nht i vi thit b v mc cch
in qui nh . Th nghim phi c thc hin vi cc dng . Phi
t vo 15 xung lin tc vi s hiu chnh i vi cc iu kin kh
quyn .

256436291.doc 01/06/15

33 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 34 -

i vi cc my bin p loi ngoi tri th th nghim phi thc hin di

cc iu kin ma ( xem 7.4 ) .
My bin p tho mn th nghim nu :
Khng sy ra bt k phng in ph hu no trong cc
cch in bn trong khng t phc hi c .
Khng sy ra bt k tia la no dc theo cch in bn
ngoi khng t phc hi c
Khng c bt k biu hin khc ca mt h hng c pht
hin ( v d cc thay i trong dng sng ca cc i lng c
ghi )
Ghi chKhng c tnh n cc xung vi cc tia la vo cc tng hoc trn ca
phng th nghim .

256436291.doc 01/06/15

34 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

7.4-

- 35 -

Th nghim di ma i vi cc my bin p ngoi tri :

Cc th tc th nghim di ma phi theo IEC 60-1 .

i vi cc cun dy c Um < 300 kV th th nghim phi c thc
hin vi in p tn s cng nghip ca gi tr thch hp dd cho
trong bng 3 , tu thuc vo in p cao nht i vi thit b , p
t cc hiu chnh i vi cc iu kin kh quyn .
i vi cc cun dy c U m 300 kV , th nghim phi c thc hin
vi in p xung thao tc cc dng vi gi tr thch hp cho trong
bng 4 , tu theo vo in p cao nht i vi thit b v mc cch
in nh mc .

8-

Cc th nghim thng l :

8.1-

Kim tra k hiu cc u cc :

Phi kim tra k hiu cc u cc c ng khng ( xem 10.1 ) .

8.2-

Cc th nghim chu ng tn s cng nghip trn cc

cun s cp v o cc phng in cc b .

8.2.1-

Th nghim tn s cng nghip :

Th nghim chu ng tn s cng nghip phi thc hin theo IEC

60-1 . in p th phi c gi tr thch hp ch nh trong cc bng
3 hoc 5 theo in p cao nht i vi thit b . Thi gian phi l 60
s.
in p th phi c t vo gia cc u cc ca cun dy s cp
, c ni vi nhau v ni vi t . Cc u cc ca cun dy hoc cc
cun dy th cp c ni ngn mch vi nhau, khung, v ( nu c ) v
li ( nu c mt u cc ring ni t ) phi c ni t .
8.2.2-

o cc phng in cc b :

Mch th nghim v cc thit b o c s dng phi theo IEC 270 .

Cc v d mch th nghim c ch dn bng cc hnh 2 ti 4 .
Thit b o c dng phi o c ti biu kin biu th bng picoculong ( pc ) . Thang o ca n phi thc hin trong mch th nghim
( xem mt v d hnh 5 ) .
Thit b o c di rng phi c mt di qua ti thiu 100 HZ vi mt
tn s ct trn khng c 1,2 MHZ .
Cc thit b o c di hp phi c tn s cng hng ca chng trong
di t 0,15 MHZ ti 2 MHZ .Cc gi tr thch hp nn l trong di t 0,5
MHZ ti 2 MHZ , nhng iu ny thc hin c th vic o cn thc
hin tn s cho nhy cc i.
nhy cn phi cho php pht hin mt mc phng in cc b
bng 5 pc .
256436291.doc 01/06/15

35 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

Ghi ch-

- 36 -

1)
Ting n phi nh hn nhy . C th b qua cc xung
bit c gy ra bi cc nhiu lon bn ngoi .
2)
i vi vic tr kh ting n bn ngoi , mch th nghim c can
bng ( xem hnh 4 ) l thch hp .
3)
Khi c mt s l v mt khi phc tn hiu in t c dng
giamr ting n nn th iu ny phi c chng minh bng s thay
i cc thng s ca n cho php pht hin cc xung ang sy
ra mt cch lp li .

256436291.doc 01/06/15

36 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

8.2.2.2-

- 37 -

Th tc th nghim cc phng in cc b :

Sau khi mt ng xut d thc hin theo th tc A hoc B , cc in

p th nghim cc phng in cc b b c qui nh bng 6 t
c v cc mc phng in cc b tng ng c o trong sut mt
thi gian bng 30 giy .
Cc phng in cc b c o phi khng vt qu cc gii hn qui
nh bng 6.
Th tc A : Cc in p th nghim cc phng in cc b t c
trong khi gim in p sau th nghim chi ng tn s cng
nghip .
Th tc B : Th nghim phng in cc b c thc hin sau khi th
nghim chu ng tn s cng nghip . in p t vo c tng
dn ti 80 % in p chu ng tn s cng nghip , duy tr trong
t nht 60 giy , sau gim dn khng ct in , ti cc in p
qui nh ca th nghim cc phng in cc b .
Tr phi c qui nh tri ngc , vic la chn th tc c dnh li cho
nh ch to . Phng php th nghim c dng phi c ch dn
trong bin bn th nghim .
8.3-

Cc th nghim chu ng tn s cng nghip gia

cc phn ca cc cun dy s cp v th cp v trn cc
cun dy th cp :

in p th nghim vi gi tr thch hp ch tun t trong 5.1.3 v

5.1.4 phi c t vo trong 60 giy , ln lt gia cc u cc c
ni ngn mch vi nhau ca tng phn cun dy , hoc ca tng
cun dy th cp v vi t .
8.4-

Th nghim qu in p gia cc vng dy :

Th nghim qu in p gia cc vng dy phi thc hin theo mt

trong cc th tc sau :
Tr phi c qui c tri ngc , vic chn th tc c dnh cho nh ch to .
Th tc ACun dy hoc cc cun dy th cp ang h mch
( hoc c ni vi mt trang b c tng tr cao , o in p nh ) ,
mt dng th hnh sin mt tn s nm gia 10 MHZ v 60 MHZ
( theo IEC 60-1 ) v gi tr hiu dng bng dng s cp nh mc
( hoc bng dng s cp nh mc m rng ) ( xem 11.3 nu c dp
) , phi c t trong 60 giy vo cun s cp .
Dng t vo phi c gii hn nu in p th nghim bng 4,5 kV
gi tr nh t c trc khi t c dng nh mc ( hoc dng
nh mc m rng ) .

256436291.doc 01/06/15

37 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 38 -

Th tc B: Cun dy s cp ang h mch , in p th nghim yu

cu ( mt tn s thch hp ) phi t vo trong 60 giy vo cc
u cc ca mi cun dy th cp , vi iu kin l gi tr hiu dng
ca dng th cp khng vt qu dng th cp nh mc ( hoc dng
nh mc m rng ) .
Gi tri tn s th nghim khng c vt qu 400 HZ .
tn s ny , nu gi tr ca in p thu c i vi dng th cp
nh mc ( hoc dng nh m rng ) l nh hn 4,5 kV gi tr
nh , in p thu c c coi nh l din p th nghim .

256436291.doc 01/06/15

38 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 39 -

Khi tn s vt qu hai ln tn s nh mc th thi gian th nghim

c th di 60 giy , nh sau :
Thi gian th nghim ( bng giy )= Hai ln tn s
x
nh
mc
60
Vi mc cc tiu bng 15 giy .
99.1-

Cc th nghim c bit :
Th nghim xung ct trn cun dy s cp :

Th nghim phi c thc hin ch vi cc tnh m , v kt hp vi

th nghim xung st cc tnh m theo cch c m t sau y :
in p phi l mt xung st tiu chun , c ct gia 2 ms v 5 ms .
Mch ct phi c b tr th no bin dao ng ca cc tnh
so vi xung thc c gii hn khong 30 % gi tr nh . in p th
nghim ca cc xung y phi c gi tr thch hp, c ch trong
cc bng 3 hoc 4 , ph thuc vo in p cao nht i vi thit b
v mc cch in qui nh .
in p th nghim cc xung ct phi ph hp vi 5.1.2.3 .
Th t p t cc xung phi nh sau :
a)

i vi cc cun dy vi Um < 300 kV:

Mt xung y

Hai xung ct .

14 xung y .

b)

i vi cc cun dy vi Um = hoc ln hn 300 kV :

Mt xung y

Hai xung ct .

Hai xung y .

Cc khc nhau trong dng sng ca cc p t sng y trc v

sau cc xung ct l mt ch dn s c bn trong .
Cc tia la trong lc c cc xung ct dc theo cch in bn ngoi t
phc hi c phi c b qua trong vic nh gi c tnh cch
in .
9.2o in dung v h s tn tht in mi :
Cc o lng in mi v h s tn tht in mi phi c tin hnh
sau th nghim chu ng tn s cng nghip trn cun dy s
cp .
in p th phi c t vo gia cc u cc ca cun s cp, ni
ngn mch vi nhau v ni vi t . Ni chung cc u cc ca cun
dy hoc cc cun dy th cp c ni ngn mch , tt c cc mn
chn v khung km c cch in phi c ni vi cn . Nu my
256436291.doc 01/06/15

39 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 40 -

bin dng c mt trang b c bit ( u cc ) thch nghi cho vic

o ny th cc u cc h p khc phi c ni ngn mch v cng
khung kim loi , ni t hoc vo mn chn ca cn o .
Ghi ch- Trong mt s trng hp , cn thit ni t vo cc im khc ca cn

256436291.doc 01/06/15

40 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 41 -

Th nghim phi c thc hin vi my bin dng nhit mi trng xung quanh , gi tr ca nhit ny phi ghi li .
9.3Cc th nghim c :
Cc th nghim c thc hin chng minh rng mt my bin
dng l c th tho mn vi cc yu cu qui nh 5.2 .
My bin dng phi c ly y v t vo v tr thng gc vi
khung bt cng .
Cc my bin dng ngm trong mt cht lng phi c y vi
cht lng cch in qui nh v chu p lc lm vic .
Cc ti th nghim phi c t vo trong vng 60 giy i vi mi
trong cc iu kin ch trong bng 9 .
My bin dng phi c coi nh tho mn th nghim nu khng c bt
k h hng no biu hin ra ( bin dng, gy t, hoc r )

Bng 9 :

Cc ti th nghim t vo cc u cc s cp

Nm ngang
mi
u ni

Thng ng
mi
u ni
Ghi ch-

Ti th nghim phi c t vo gia u cc .

256436291.doc 01/06/15

41 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

10-

- 42 -

K hiu :

10.1- K hiu cc u cc - Cc qui tc chung :

Cc k hiu cc u cc cho php xc nh :
a)

Cc cun dy s cp v th cp

b)
Cc phn ca tng cun dy khi n c chia thnh cc
phn
c) Cc cc tnh lin quan n cc cun dy v cc phn ca
cc cun dy .
d)
10.1.1-

Cc u ra v trung gian nu c .
Phng thc k hiu :

Cc u cc phi c k hiu r rng v d c , trn b mt ca

chng hoc ngay bn cnh ca chng .
Cc k hiu phi c to nn bng cc ch ci theo sau hoc i trc
ni cn thit , bng cc ch s .
10.1.2-

Cc k hiu c dng :

Cc k hiu ca u cc ca cc my bin dng c ch trong bng

10 sau y :
Bng 10 - nh du cc u cc
Cc u cc s
cp

Cc u cc th
cp
Hnh 1- My bin dng ch
c

Hnh 2- My bin dng vi

mt t s bin

mt u ra trung gian th
cp

Hnh 3- My bin dng c

hai phn trong cun s
cp , lp song song -

Hnh 4- Cc my bin dng c

2 cun dy th cp : mi cun
trn mt li ring ( hai bin th

Cc u cc s
cp

Cc u cc th
cp

256436291.doc 01/06/15

42 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 43 ni tip

i vi cc u cc th cp )

10.1.3Cc ch dn lin quan n cc tnh ca cc u cc : Cc

u cc c k hiu P1, S1, v C1 phi c , mi lc , cng cc tnh .

256436291.doc 01/06/15

43 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

10.2-

- 44 -

K hiu cc tm bn nhn :

Tt c cc my bin dng u phi mang ti thiu cc ch dn sau :

a)
Tn nh ch to hoc mt ch dn cho php nhn dng
d dng .
b)

S loi hoc ch dn loi hoc thch hp l c hai .

c)

T s bin nh mc di dng :
Kn = I pn/ I sn ( v d : Kn = 100 / 5A ) .

d)

Tn s nh mc ( v d 50 HZ ) .

e) Cng xut nh mc v cp chnh xc tng ng , cng vi

thng tin b xung c qui nh trong cc phn sau ca cc
khuyn ngh ny ( xem 11.7 v / hoc 12.7 )
Ghi chNi thch hp , loai cun dy th cp cn c k hiu ( v d 1
S, 15 VA, cp 0,5, 2S, 30 VA, cp 1 )

f)
in p cao nht i vi thit b ( v d : 1,2 kV hoc 145
kV )
g)
kV)

Mc cch in nh mc ( v d : 6 / -kV* hay 275/650

Ghi ch : hai mc f v g c th kt hp chung thnh mt k hiu ( th d

1,2/6/- kV hoc 145 / 275 / 650 kV )

Cc ch dn phi c k hiu mt cch d xem trn bn thn

my bin dng hoc trn mt tm bt cht trn my bin
dng . Hn na cc ch dn sau y phi c k hiu trn
tm bn nhn lc no c ch .
h)
Dng nhit ngn hn nh mc ( I th ) v dng in
ng nh mc nu c khc bng 2,5 I th ( v d : 13 kA
hoc 13 / 40 kA )
i)

Cp cch in nu c khc vi cp A :

Ghi chNu s dng cc cch in nhiu cp th phi ch nh cch

in no gii hn s pht nng ca cc cun dy

k) i vi cc my bin dng c hai cun dy th cp , vic s

dng ca mi cun dy v cc u cc tng ng.
11Cc yu cu b xung lin quan n cc my bin dng
o lng .
11.1Tn gi cp chnh xc ca mt my bin dng o lng :
Cp chnh xc ca mt my bin dng o lng c c trng bng
mt con s ( ch s cp ) bng gii hn trn ca sai s dng , c biu
th bng % , i vi dng s cp nh mc v ti nh mc .
11.1.1-

Cc cp chnh xc tiu chun :

256436291.doc 01/06/15

44 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 45 -

Cc cp chnh xc tiu chun ca cc my bin dng o lng l :

0,1 - 0,2 - 0,5 - 1 - 3 - 5
____________
* Mt gch ngang ch s vng mt ca mt mc in p xung

256436291.doc 01/06/15

45 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 46 -

11.2Cc gii hn sai s dng v lch pha ca cc my

bin dng o lng :
i vi cc my bin dng c cp chnh xc 0,1 - 0,2 - 0,5 - v 1
th sai s dng v lch pha tn s nh mc khng c vt qu
cc gi tr ca bng 11, khi ti th cp nm gia 25 % v 100 % ca
ti nh mc .
i vi cc my bin dng p dng c bit ( c bit u ni
vi cc cng-t in c bit o chnh xc gia 50 mA v 6 A , c
ngha l gia 1 % v 120 % dng nh mc 5 A ) ca cc cp chnh
xc 0,25 v 0,55, th sai s dng v lch pha tn s nh mc
khng c vt qu cc gi tr ca bng 12 khi ti th cp nm gia 25
% v 100 % ca ti nh mc . Cc cp ny phi c s dng ch yu
i vi t s 25 / 5, 50/ 5 v 100 / 5 v cc bi s thp phn ca
chng v ch i vi dng nh mc th cp 5 A .
i vi cc my bin dng c cc cp chnh xc 3 v 5 , th sai s dng
tn s nh mc khng c vt qu cc gi tr bng 13 khi ti th
cp nm gia 50 % v 100 % ca ti nh mc .
Trong tt c cc trng hp , ti c s dng phi l cm ng vi h s
cng xut bng 0,8 , tr phi nu n hp th mt cng xut nh hn 5
kA, trong trng hp ny th h s cng xut ca n s l 1 . Trong bt
c trng hp no ti khng c nh hn 1 VA
Ghi chNi chung cc gii hn yu cu i vi sai s dng v lch pha l
c gi tr i vi bt k v tr cho ca mt dy dn bn ngoi t
mt khong cch trong khng kh khng nh hn khong cch c yu cu
i vi cch in trong khng kh tng ng vi in p cao nht i vi
tht b ( Um ) .
Cc iu kin p dng c bit bao gm cc dy in p lm vic thp
hn lin kt vi cc gi tr dng cao phi l mc tiu ca mt s thng nht
tch bit gia nh ch to v ngi mua

Bng 11: Cc gii hn sai s dng v lch pha ca cc my

bin dng o lng ( cp chnh xc 0,1 ti 1 )
Cp
chnh
xc

0.1
0.2
0.5
1.0

Sai s dng ( t s )
theo % i vi cc
gi tr ca dng c
biu th bng % dng
nh mc
5
0.4
0.7
5
1.5
3.0

20
0.2
0.3
5
0.7
5
0.5

100
0.1
0.2
0.5
1.0

120
0.1
0.2
0.5
1.0

lch pha i vi cc gi tr dng c biu

th bng % dng nh mc
Pht

5
15
30
90
180

20
8
15
45
90

100
5
10
30
60

Centi ra ian

120
5
10
30
60

5
0.4
5
0.9
2.7
5.4

20
0.2
4
0.4
5
1.3
5
2.7

100
0.1
5
0.3
0.9
1.8

120
0.15
0.3
0.9
1.8

Bng 12 : Cc gii hn sai s dng v lch pha ca cc my

bin dng o lng i vi cc p dng c bit

256436291.doc 01/06/15

46 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

Cp
chnh
xc

- 47 -

Sai s dng ( t s )
theo % i vi cc
gi tr ca dng c
biu th bng % dng
nh mc

0.2S
0.5 S

Ghi ch-

lch pha i vi cc gi tr dng c biu

th bng % dng nh mc
Pht

Centi ra ian

20

10
0

12
0

20

10
0

12
0

20

10
0

12
0

0.7
5
1.5

0.3
5
0.7
5

0.2
0.5

0.2
0.5

0.2
0.5

30
90

15
45

10
30

10
30

10
30

0.9
2.7

0.4
5
1.3
5

0.3
0.9

0.3
0.9

0.3
0.9

Bng ny ch p dng cho cc my bin dng c dng th cp bng 5A

Bng 13 : Cc gi tr sai s dng ca

cc my bin dng o lng ( cp 3 v 5 )
Cp chnh

xc

Sai s dng ( t s ) theo % i vi

cc gi tr dng c biu th bng %
ca dng nh mc
50
120

Gi hn lch pha khng quy nh i vi cp 3 v cp 5

11.3Cc my bin dng c dy m rng :
Mt my bin dng c cc cp chnh xc t 0,1 n 1 s c coi nh c
mt dy m rng v dng , nu n tho mn hai iu kin sau :
a)
Dng pht nng ca n phi l dng s cp m rng nh
mc c biu th theo % cc dng s cp nh mc .
b) Trong bng 11, gi tr trn ca dng c thay th bng gii
hn qui nh trng hp gii hn ny khc 120 % dng s
cp nh mc .
Cc gi tr tiu chun ca dng pht nng i vi cc my bin dng
c dy m rng l 120 % , 150 % v 200 % dng s cp nh mc .
11.4Cc th nghim in hnh lin quan n cp chnh
xc ca cc my bin dng o lng :
Cc th nghim in hnh dng chng minh s ph hp ca cc
my bin dng cp chnh xc 0,1 ti 1 v cc yu cu 11.2 phi c
thc hin i vi tt c cc gi tr c ch nh trong bng 11 vi cc
ti bng 25 % v bng 100 % ti nh mc ( vi iu kin ti thiu
bng 1 VA ) .
i vi cc my bin dng c dy m rng th cc th nghim d
kin bng 11 i vi 120 % th phi thc hin vi dng pht nng .

256436291.doc 01/06/15

47 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 48 -

i vi cc my bin dng c cp chnh xc 3 v 5 th cc th nghim

phi c thc hin i vi hai gi tr dng ca bng 13 vi cc ti bng
50 % v 100 % ti nh mc ( vi iu kin ti thiu bng 1 VA ) .
11.5Cc th nghim thng l lin quan n cp chnh xc
ca cc my bin dng o lng :
Cc th nghim thng l v nguyn tc cng ging nh cc th
nghim in hnh d kin trong 11.4 , tuy nhin chng c th
thc hin vi mt s dng v / hoc cc ti gim c l cho php
min l n c chng minh bng cc th nghim in hnh trn
mt my bin dng tng t rng s cc th nghim c gim l
chng minh cho s ph hp v 11.2 .
11.6H s an ton nh mc :
Mt th nghim in hnh c th c tin hnh bng th nghim
gin tip sau y :
Mch s cp ang m , mt in p thc hnh sin vi gi tr
hiu dng bng sc in ng gii hn th cp v tn s ddnh
mc , c t vo cc u cc ca cun th cp .
Dng kch thch ( I exc ) thu c , c biu th bng % ca tch dng
th cp nh mc ( I sn ) vi h s an ton F S , phi bng hoc ln hn
sai s kp nh mc bng 10 %
(I

exc

256436291.doc 01/06/15

/ I sn. FS ) x 100 10

48 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 49 -

Nu kt qu o lng ny l c vn th mt o lng kim tra

phi c thc hin bng th nghim trc tip ( xem ph lc A ) , lc
ny kt qa l bt buc .
Ghi ch- Th nghim gin tip c mt u im ln l khng cn thit a vo
cc dng c cc gi tr cao ( c d 30.000 A trong trng hp dng s cp
nh mc v h s an ton i vi cc thit b o ln ltj bng 3000 A v h
s an ton thit b o 10 ) v cng khng cn a vo cc trang b ti c
thit k c th mang mt dng bng 50 A . Vi th nghim gin tip th
tc ng ca cc dy dn s cp tr li khng c nh hng thc t . Di cc
iu kin lm vic tc ng ny khng th l tng sai s kp , iu c
mong mun i vi an ton thit b c cung cp bi my bin dng o lng

11.7K hiu tm nhn ca mt my bin p o lng :

Tm nhn phi c cc ch dn thch hp ca 10.2 . Cp chnh xc v
h s an ton ( i vi cc thit b o ) phi c cp ti sau ch
dn cng xut nh mc tng ng ( v d 15 VA cp chnh xc 0,5 FS
10 ). i vi cc my bin dng c dy m rng ( xem 11.3 ) th gii
hn dy cc dng phi c k hiu theo sau cp chnh xc ( v d : 15
VA cp 0,5 m rng -150 % )
Ghi chC th k hiu trn tm nhn cc ch dn lin quan n mt s cc
kt hp cng xut nh mc v cp chnh xc khc nhau my bin p c
th tho mn ( v d 15 VA , cp 0,5-30 VA cp 1 ) v trong tr ng hp ny cc
gi tr cng xut khng tiu chun c th c s dng ( v d : 15 VA , cp 17 VA , cp 0,5 theo ghi ch 4.4 )

12. Cc yu cu b xung lin quan n cc my bin dng bo

v .
12.1Cc gi tr tiu chun ca cc h s gii hn chnh xc :
Cc gi tr tiu chun cc h s gii hn chnh xc l :
12.2-

5 - 10 - 15 - 20 - 30.
Cc cp chnh xc ca mt my bin dng bo v

12.2.1-

Cp chnh xc :

Cp chnh xc ca mt my bin dng bo v c c trng bng

mt con s < ch cp > v bng mt ch < P > ( ch u ca bo
v ) . Ch s ca cp ch gii hn trn ca sai s kp i vi dng gii
hn chnh xc nh mc v ti nh mc .
12.2.2-

Cc cp chnh xc tiu chun :

Cc cp chnh xc tiu chun ca cc my bin dng bo v l :

v 10 P.
12.3-

5P

Cc gii hn cc sai s ca cc my bin dng bo v :

i vi cng xut nh mc v tn s nh mc , sai s dng ,

lch pha v sai s kp khng c vt qu cc gi tr ca bng 14 .
256436291.doc 01/06/15

49 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 50 -

Vi mc ch th nghim khi xc nh sai s dng v lch pha ,

ti phi c h s cng sut 0,8 cm ng, tr khi ti nh hn 5VA h
s cng sut l 1 th cho php.
xc nh sai s kp , h s cng xut ca ti c th nm gia
0,8 ( mch in cm ) v 1 , do nh ch to chn

256436291.doc 01/06/15

50 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

Bng 14 :

- 51 -

Cc gii hn cc sai s ca cc my bin dng bo v

Cp chnh xc

Sai s dng vi
dng s cp
nh mc %

5P
10P

1
3

lch pha vi dng s cp

nh mc
pht
centi radian
60
-

1.8
-

Sai s kp vi
dng s cp
gioi hn chnh
xc,%
5
10

12.4Sai s dng v lch pha :

c th nghim in hnh v th nghim thng l cc my bin dng
bo v . Cc th nghim phi c thc hin i vi dng s cp
nh mc v ti nh mc kim tra xem cc yu cu ca 12.3
thc hin y ci c lin quan n sai s dng v lch pha .
12.5Cc th nghim in hnh vi sai s kp :
a)
Cc th nghim in hnh dng chng minh tnh ph hp ca
cc my bin dng vi cc ch dn ca bng 14 , c lin quan n sai
s kp phi c thc hin bng mt phng php trc tip bng cch
cho qua trong cun dy s cp mt dng thc hnh sin bng gi tr
hiu dng cc dng gii hn chinhs xc nh mc , cun th cp c
ni vo mt ti bng ti nh mc vi h s cng xut nm gia 0,8
( mch in cm ) v 1 , vi s la chn ca nh ch to ( xem ph lc
A).
Th nghim in hmh c th thc hin trn mt my bin dng tng t nh my c cung cp khng k g cch in ca n c th
c gim min l b tr hnh hc ging nhau .
Ghi ch- Trong trng hp cc dng s cp rt cao v cc my bin dng c cun s
cp l mt thanh dn th cn chn khong cch ca dy dn tr v ca s cp c
to li cng gn cc iu kin lm vic cng tt .

b)
i vi cc my bin dng m mch t c dng hnh xuyn
cun dy th cp c phn b u , cun s cp c to thnh
hoc bng mt dy dn t theo trc hnh xuyn , hoc bng mt
cun dy phn b u trn hnh xuyn , th c th thay th th
nghim trc tip bng th nghim gin tip khng ti theo sau , min
l tc ng ca dng s cp tr v l khng ng k .
Mch s cp c h , mt in p thc hnh sin c gi tr hiu
dng bng sc in ng gii hn th cp v tn s inhj mc c
t vo cc u cc cun th cp .
Dng kch thch thu c biu th bng % ca tch dng th cp
nh mc vi h s gii hn chnh xc , khng c vt qu gii hn sai
s kp ch bng 14 .
Ghi ch1)
Trong tnh ton sc in ng gii hn th cp , ta c th chp
nhn rng tng tr ca cun dy th cp bng in tr ca n nhit 75 C
.
2)
Khi xc nh sai s kp bng phng php gin tip th khng
cn tnh n mt sai lch c th gia t s cun dy v t s bin nh mc

256436291.doc 01/06/15

51 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 52 -

12.6Cc th nghim thng l vi sai s kp :

i vi cc my bin p c xem xt im b) ca 12.5 , th cc th
nghim thng l cng ging nh cc th nghim in hnh .
i vi cc my bin p khc th mt th nghim gin tip o dng
kch thch c th c s dng , nhng mt h s hiu chnh cn c
p dng vo cc kt qu , h s ny thu c t mt th nghim so
snh gia phng php trc y v phng php trc tip c p dng
vo mt my bin p cng loi nh my bin p c xem xt , t vo
trong cng cc iu kin ti v h s gii hn chnh xc ( xem ghi ch
2).
Trong cc trng hp nh th , cc giy chng nhn cho cc kt qu th
nghim so snh phi do nh ch to nm gi .
Ghi ch- 1)
H s hiu chnh l bng t s cc sai s kp thu c ln lt
bng cc phng php trcj tip v gin tip ch im a) ca 12.5 . Trong trng hp th hai , sai s kp cho bi dng kch thch c v d bng % ca
tch s ca dng th cp nh mc vi h s gii hn chnh xc .
2)
Biu thc bao hm cc am-pe vng l nh nhau , c lp vi t
s bin v cc li c cng kch thc v c cu to cng cc vt liu t .

12.7K hiu tm nhn ca mt my bin dng bo v :

Tm nhn phi c cc ch dn thch hp 10.2 , ta phi thm
vo h s gii hn chnh xc , c ghi theo sau cng xut v cp chnh
xc ( v d : 30 VA cp 5 P 10 )
Ghi chC th k hiu trn tm nhn ca mt my bin dng cc t hp
khc nhau ca cc cng xut nh mc v cc cp chnh xc v trong trng
hp nu c , c h s gii hn chnh xc nh mc m my bin p c th tho
mn , hoc l my bin dng o lng , hoc l my bin dng bo v

V d : ( 15 VA cp 0,5 ) hoc ( 15 VA cp . 0,5 )

( 30 VA cp 1 )

( 15 VA cp 1 m rng 150% )

( 30 VA cp 5 P 10 )

256436291.doc 01/06/15

( 15 VA cp 5 P 20 )

52 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 53 -

Cc h s ny c th c tnh ton theo cng thc sau :

k = e m(H-1000)/8150
trong :
H : cao trn mt bin tnh theo met,
m : =1 vi tn s cng nghip v in p xung st,
m : = 0.75 vi in p xung ng ct

256436291.doc 01/06/15

53 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 54 -

Hnh 1 : H s hiu chnh cao

Ca
Ck

T itle

Size
B
Date:
File:

Number

Revision

Zm
6-May-1998
C:\ADVSCH\THANH\DIENTU~1.SCH

l my bin p th nghim

Ca

l my bin p o lng th nghim

Ck

l t in ni

l thit b o lng ca phng in cc b

Zm

l tr khng o lng

M
Sheet of
Drawn By:

Hnh 2 - Mch th nghim o nhng phng in cc b

Z

Ca
Ck

Title

Size
B
Date:
File:

Number

Revision

Zm
6-May -1998
C:\ADVSCH\THANH\DIENTU~1.SCH

M
Sheet of
Drawn By :

Ki hiu nh trn hnh 2

Hnh 3 - Mch th nghim thay th o phng in cc b

256436291.doc 01/06/15

54 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

256436291.doc 01/06/15

- 55 -

55 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 56 Z

Ca

Ca1

M
Zm1

Title

Size

Zm 2

Number

Revision

B
Date:
File:

6-May -1998
C:\ADVSCH\THANH\DIENTU~1.SCH

Sheet of
Drawn By :

l my bin p th nghim

Ca

l my bin p o lng th nghim

Ca1
l t in ni)

l i tng t do ph cho phng in cc b (hay C k

l thit b o ca phng in cc b

Zm1 v Zm2 l nhng tr khng o

Z

l b lc

Hnh 4 - V d v mch th nghim cn bng cho o nhng

phng in cc b

Ca

Co
G

M
Title

Size

Zm

Number

Revision

B
Date:
File:

6-May -1998
C:\ADVSCH\THANH\DIENTU~1.SCH

K hiu nh trn hnh 2

G l my pht xung vi t in Co

256436291.doc 01/06/15

56 40

Sheet of
Drawn By :

Ck

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 57 -

Hnh 5 - V d v mch kim nh o nhng phng in

cc b

256436291.doc 01/06/15

57 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 58 -

Ph lc A
( tiu chun )
Cc my bin dng bo v
A1-

S vec-t :

Nu ta chp nhn rng my bin dng cng nh ti ca n c th coi

nh mt h thng in t ngf thng , mt dng s cp dng hnh
sin s xc nh cc dng in p v thng lng cng l hnh sin v s
l vic ca my bin dng c th c biu th bng s vc-t
hnh A1.
Trong hnh A1 ny , I s biu th dng th cp . N chy qua cun dy
v ti th cp , xc nh ln v pha sc in ng E s c cm
ng trong cun th cp , n lt n xc nh t thng phi v
thnh phn tn tht ( hoc tc dng ) I a song song vi E s . Tng
vc-t ca cc dng I s v I e l vc-t I p biu th dng s cp c
chia bi t s cun dy ( tc l bng t s gia s vng dy th cp
v s cp ) .
Nh vy i vi mt my bin dng c t s vng l bng t s bin
nh mc th sai lch gia cacs chiu di ca cc vc-t I s v I p
lin quan n chiu di ca I p cung cp mt sai s dng ( nh xc
nh 2.1.10 ) v sai lch gc gia cc vc-t I s v I p l lch
pha ( xc nh trong 2.1.11 ) .
A 2-

Hiu chnh s vng :

Khi t s vng l khc vi t s bin nh mc ( thng th t s vng

nh hn ) , ngi ta ni rng c mt hiu chnh cc vng . Nh vy
trong vic nh gi c tnh , th cn thit phn bit gia I p ,
dng s cp c chia bi t s vng v I p dng s cp c chia bi t
s bin . Khng c mt hiu chnh cc vng c ngha l I p = I p .
Nu c mt s hiu chnh cc vng , I p khc vi I p v t I p c
dng trong s vc-t v I p c dng xc nh sai s dng ( v
c th c dng cho mc ch ny ) . Tuy nhin cc vc-t I p v I P
c cng chiu , v vy vic hiu chnh vng khng c nh hng v
dch chuyn pha .
N cng xut hin rng nh hng ca hiu chnh vng trn sai s kp
l nh hn nh hng ca n trn sai s dng .
A 3-

Tam gic sai s :

Trong hnh A2 th phn bn trn ca hnh A1 c v li vi mt t l

ln hn v ta tha nhn l gc d kh nh c th coi rng cc vct I s v I p l song song . Li tha nhn rng khng c hiu chnh
vng , n s c thy bng chiu I e ti I p v vi mt sp x y
th thnh phn cng pha ( AI ) ca I e vi I p , c th c dng thay
ch sai lch s hc gia I p v I s thu c sai s dng v tng t
256436291.doc 01/06/15

58 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 59 -

nh vy , thnh phn thng gc ( AIq ) ca I e c th c dng

biu th lch pha .
Ta s thy rng di cc tha nhn cho th dng kch thch I e c
chia bi I p l bng sai s kp theo 2.1.31

256436291.doc 01/06/15

59 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 60 -

Nh vy i vi mt my bin dng khng c hiu chnh cc vng v

di cc iu kin vc-t biu th l c gi tr th sai s dng ,
lch pha v sai s kp hp thnh 3 cnh ca mt tam gic vung
gc .
Trong tam gic ny ng huyn biu th sai s kp ph thuc vo
ln ca tng tr ti tng bao gm ti v cun dy th cp , trong
khi vic chia gia sai s dng v lch pha ph thuc vo cc
h s cng xut ca tng tr ti tng v cc dng kch thch .
dch pha s l 0 khi hai h s cng xut ny l bng nhau , tc l khi I
s v I e trng pha .
A4-

Sai s kp :

Vic xem xt sai s kp , tuy nhin l quan trng trong trng hp

vic biu th bng vc-t khng p dng c do s c mt ca
cc sng iu ho trong dng th cp v trong dng kch thch ( xem
hnh A3 ) .
l l do m sai s kp c xc nh trong 2.1.31 bng mt
cng thc c gi tr , d cho dng ca cc dng nh th no v khng
phi bng tng vc-t n gin ca sai s dng v dch pha nh
ch trong hnh 2 .
Do vy trong trng hp chung th sai s kp cng biu th cc sai
lch vi my bin dng l tng , do bi s c mt ca cc sng iu
ho trong cun dy th cp m chng li khng c trong cun dy s
cp ( dng s cp lun lun c coi nh hnh sin i vi mc ch ca
tiu chun ny ) .
A5-

o sai s kp bng phng php trc tip :

Hnh A4 biu th s nguyn l ca phng php o trc tip i

vi mt my bin dng c t s vng bng 1 / 1 . Ngun c gi thit
cung cp mt dng s cp hnh sin v cun dy th cp ( ni vi ti
Z B c cc c tnh ng thng ) c ni nh th no am-pe k
A c qua bi hiu s cc dng s cp v th cp . Gi tr hiu dng
m thit b ny o l bng gi tr ca dng kch thch v t s ca
n ( biu th bng % ) l gi tr hiu dng ca dng s cp cho sai s
kp nh xc nh trong 2.1.31 , c xt n cc iu kin hin
ti .
Hnh A4 v th biu th s nguyn l o trc tip sai s
kp .
Hnh A5 biu th s nguyn l ca phng php o trc tip c
m rng trng hp mt my bin dng c t s bin khc 1 . Trong
s ny , N l mt my bin dng c cng t s bin nh mc nh
my bin dng X c th nghim . My bin dng N ny phi c mt
sai s kp c th b qua trong cc iu kin th nghim ( ti ca n
c gim thc t ampe k A1 ) . My bin dng X c ni vo ti
nh mc ZB ca n v cc cun dy th cp N v X c ni nh th
no ampe k A2 o hiu s ca cc dng ca chng .

256436291.doc 01/06/15

60 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 61 -

Hai mch s cp c cung cp bng cng mt ngun dng hnh sin .

Trong cc iu kin ny th t s ( c biu th bng % ) gi tr hiu
dng ca dng c o bng ampe k A2 v gi tr hiu dng c o
bng ampe k A1 , cung cp sai s kp ca my bin dng X .
Vi phng php ny cn thit l sai s kp ca my bin dng N l
thc s b qua di cc iu kin s dng . Thc vy khng thch
ng l my bin dng N c mt sai s kp bit v do ngay c s
phc tp ca n ( ch yu do cc mo m dng sng ) , bt k sai s
kp no ca my bin dng tham chin N cng khng th c dng
hiu chnh cc kt qu th nghim .

256436291.doc 01/06/15

61 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

A6-

- 62 -

Cc phng php o trc tip sai s kp khc :

C cc phng php trc trc tip khc xc nh sai s kp c th s

dng c v mt trong nhng phng php c nu trong hnh v
A6.
Trong khi phng php trong hh A.5 i hi mt my bin dng c
bit c cng t s bin nh mc nh my bin dng X v c sai s
kp khng ng k dng s cp gi hn chnh xc th phng
php trong hnh A.6 li cho php cc my bin dng tham chiu tiu
chun N v N' c s dng hoc sp s dng s cp nh mc..
Tuy nhin vn cn thit cc my bin dng tham chiu ny c
cc sai s kp khng ng k , nhng yu cu ny d dng c tho
mn.
Trong hnh A.6 X l my bin dng cn th nghim, N l my tham
chiu tiu chun vi dng s cp nh mc cng mc vi dng s
cp gioi hn chnh xc nh mc ca my bin dng X ( dng
cn tin hnh th nghim ) v N' l my dng tham chiu tiu chun
c mt dng s cp nh mc cng mc vi dng th cp tng ngs vi
dng s cp gi hn chnh xc nh mc ca my bin dng X.
Cn lu rng my bin dng N' to nn ,mt phn ca ti Z B ca my
bin dng X v v th phi c tnh n xc nh gi tr ti
ZB. A1 v A2 l hai ampe k v phi m bo rng A 2 o hiu s gia
cc dg s cp ca cc my bin dng N v N'.
Nu t s bin nh mc ca my bin dng N l k n , ca my bin
dng X l knX v ca my bin dng N' l k'n th t s k n phi bng
tch s ca k'n v knx:
tc l kn = k'n x knx
Vi cc iu kin ny th gi tr hiu dng ca dng ampe k A2 lin
quan n dng trong ampe k A2 l sai s kp ca my bin dng X,
quan h ny c biu th bng phn trm.
Ghi ch : Khi s dng cc phng php ch trong hnh A5 v A6 th cn cn thn s
dng mt dng c o c tng tr thp i vi A2 v in p ri trn ampe k ny
( c chia bi t s ca my bin dng N' trong trng hp hnh A6 ) to nn mt
phn ca in p ti my bin dng X v c chiu hng gim ti trn my bin
dng ny. Tng t in p ri trn ampe mt lm tng ti ca my bin dng N..

A.7 S dng sai s kp

Sai s kp s lun lun ln hn hoc bng cn bnh phng ca tng
bnh phng ca sai s dng v lch pha ( lch pha ny c
biu th bng centi radian ) .
Do sai s kp lun lun l mtt gi hn cao nht c th ca sai
s dng hoc lch pha.
Sai s dng l c quan tm nht trong vn hnh cc r le qu ti ,
v lch pha th c quan tm nht trong vn hnh cc r le cm
bin pha . ( v d cc r le c hng )
Trong trng hp cc r le so lch, cn phi xt n s t hpp cc
sai s kp ca cc my bin dng.

256436291.doc 01/06/15

62 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 63 -

Mt u im b sung ca vic gi hn sai s kp l lm hn ch

thnh phn sng hi ca dng th cp , iu ny to nn mt i hi
cho s lm vic tt i vi mt s loi r le

256436291.doc 01/06/15

63 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

256436291.doc 01/06/15

- 64 -

64 40

44-1 @ IEC 1996

- 65 -

Ph lc B
( thng tin )
Th nghim xung ct nhiu ln
Th nghim ny c thc hin vi cc xung cc tnh m ct gn
nh.
Thi gian quy c ca st p , o theo IEC 60-1 , phi l khong 0,5 s.
Mch phi sao cho bin giao ng ca cc cc tnh nhc vi xung
c ghi phi l khong 50% gi tr nh.
Quy nh rng gi tr nh ca in p phi khong 60% in p
chu ng nh mc ca xung st.
Cn t nht l 100 xung xut hin h hng . Cc xung ny cn
phi c t vo mt cch nhp nhng khong 1 xung mt pht.
Vic phn tch cc kh pht sinh trong du ca my bin dng phi
c tin hnh trc khi th nghim v 3 ngy sau khi th nghim.
Quy nh rng cc tiu chun nh gi kt qu phi oc da trn
s lng cc thnh phn kh pht ra 9 t s cc lng kh ng k ) , nhng khng mt gi tr no c th cho ra y c . cc gi tr tng
i cao ca H2 v C2 H2 l cc th hin ca h hng.
Cc th tc ly mu du c th s dng theo IEC 567
Cc th tc phn tch v c s phn on h hng c th da
trn IEC 599.

256436291.doc 01/06/15

65 40