mrhoadau4

C Hc Lu Cht

BI TP CHNG I

M U
Bi 1.1
lm th nghim thy lc, ngi ta y nc vo mt ng ng c ng knh d = 300mm,
chiu di L = 50m p sut kh quyn. Hi lng nc cn thit phi vo ng l bao nhiu p
sut t ti 51at ? Bit h s nn p

1
at 1
20000

Gii
Lng nc cn thit phi vo ng p sut tng ln 51at l :

1 dV
dV p .V .dp
V dp
1 dV
dV p .V .dp
Do dV , dp ng bin nn : p
V dp
Ta c h s gin n do p lc :

M th tch

dV

V S .L

.d 2

3,14.(0.3) 2
.L
.50 3,5325m 3
4
4

1
.3,5325.(51 1) 8,84.10 3 ( m 3 ) 8,84 (liter)
20000

Vy cn phi thm vo ng 8.84 lt nc na p sut tng t 1at ln 51at.

Bi 1.2
Trong mt b cha hnh tr thng ng c ng knh d = 4m, ng 100 tn du ha c khi lng
ring

850kg / m 3

100C. Xc nh khong cch dng ln ca du trong b cha khi nhit tng

ln n 400C. B qua gin n ca b cha. H s gin n v nhit

t 0,000720 C 1 .

Gii
Khi lng ring ca du ha l :

m
m 100.10 3 2000
V

117,65(m 3 )
V
850
17

H s gin n do nhit :

1 dV
2000
216
dV t .V .dt 0,00072 .
.(40 30)
2,542(m 3 )
V dt
17
85

M : dV

.d 2
4

.h h

4dV

.d 2

4.2,542
3,14.4 2

0,202(m)

Vy khong cch du dng ln so vi ban u l 0.202(m)

Bi 1.3
Khi lm th nghim thy lc, dng mt ng ng c ng knh d = 400mm, di L = 200m, ng
y nc p sut 55 at. Sau mt gi p sut gim xung cn 50 at. Xc nh lng nc chy qua
cc k h ca ng ng. H s nn p

1
at 1 .
20000
Gii

H s gin n do p lc :

1 dV
.d 2
p
dV p .V .dp p
.L.dp
V dp
4

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Page 1 of 26

mrhoadau4

C Hc Lu Cht

1 3,14.0,4 2
dV
.200. (50 55) 6,28.10 3 (m 3 ) 6,28 (liter )
20000
4

Vy lng nc chy qua khe h ng ng l 6.28 (liter)

Bi 1.4
Mt b hnh tr ng y du ha nhit 50C, mc du cao 4m. Xc nh mc du tng ln, khi
nhit tng ln 250C. B qua bin dng ca b cha. H s gin n v nhit

t 0.000720 C 1 .

Gii
H s gin n do nhit :

M th tch ban u l : V

1 dV
dV t .V .dt
V dt

.d 2

.h
4
.d 2
h
Th tch du tng ln : dV
4
1 dV
h
t

V dt h.dt
h t .h.dt 0,00072.4.( 25 5) 0,058(m) 58(mm)

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Page 2 of 26

mrhoadau4

C Hc Lu Cht

BI TP CHNG II

THY TNH HC
Bi 2.1
Xc nh cao ca ct nc dng ln trong ng o p (h). Nc trong bnh kn chu p sut ti mt
t do l p 0 t 1.06at . Xc nh p sut p 0 t nu h = 0.8m.
Gii
Chn mt ng p ti mt thong ca cht lng.
Ta c : p A p B
M

p A p0

p 0 p a .h
p B p0 , h

p0 p a

Nu h=0,8m th

(1,06 1).9,81.10 4
0,6 (m)
9810

p0 .h p a 9810.0,8 98100 105948 N / m 2 1,08 ( at )

Bi 2.2
Mt p k o chnh thy ngn, ni vi mt bnh ng nc.
a) Xc nh chnh mc nc thy ngn, nu h1 = 130mm v p sut d trn mt nc trong
bnh 40000 N/m2.
b) p sut trong bnh s thay i nh th no nu mc thy ngn trong hai nhnh bng nhau.
Gii
a) Xc nh chnh mc thy ngn (tm h2) :
Chn mt ng p nh hnh v :

p A pB

Ta c :

p A p 0 H 2O .( h1 h2 )
p B p a Hg .h2

p 0 H 2O .( h1 h2 ) p a Hg .h2
h2 ( Hg H 2O ) ( p 0 p a ) H 2O .h1
M p0 p a p d
Vy : h2

p d H 2O .h1
( H 2O Hg )

40000 9810.0,013
0,334 ( m)
132890 98100

b) p sut trong bnh khi mc thy ngn trong hai nhnh bng nhau :
Ta c :

pC p D
p C p 0 H 2O .h

p D pa
p 0 H 2O .h p a
H 2O .h p a p 0 p ck
p ck H 2O .h H 2O .( h1 1 2 h2 )
1
9810 .(0,13 .0,334) 2913,57 0,0297 ( at )
2
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mrhoadau4

C Hc Lu Cht

Bi 2.3
Mt p k vi sai gm mt ng ch U ng knh d = 5mm ni hai bnh c ng knh D = 50mm vi
nhau. My ng y hai cht lng khng trn ln vi nhau, c trng lng ring gn bng nhau :
3

dung dch ru tylic trong nc ( 1 8535 N / m ) v du ha ( 2 8142 N / m ). Lp quan h

gia chnh lch p sut p p1 p2 ca kh p k phi o vi dch chuyn ca mt phn cch
cc cht lng (h) tnh t v tr ban u ca n (khi p 0 ). Xc nh p khi h = 250mm.
Gii
a) Lp mi quan h gia chnh lch p sut p p1 p2 :
Chn mt ng p nh hnh v :
Khi p 0 ( p1 p2 ) : th mt phn cch gia hai lp cht lng khc nhau v tr cn bng O :
o

p A pB

p A p1 1.h1

p B p2 2 .h2

Theo iu kin bnh thng nhau :

1.h1 2 h2 h1

2 h2
1

Khi p 0 ( p1 p 2 ) : th mc nc trong bnh 1 h xung 1 on h v ng thi mc nc

bnh 2 tng ln 1 on h . Khi mt phn cch di chuyn ln trn 1 on h so vi v tr O.

p A p1 1.(h1 h)
p B p 2 2 .( h2 h h) 1.h
Theo tnh cht mt ng p ta c :

p1 1.(h1 h) p 2 2 .( h2 h h) 1.h
p1 p2 2 .(h2 h h) 1.( h1 h) 1.h
p1 p2 h.( 1 2 ) h.( 1 2 ) [ 1.h1 2 h2 ] (*)
Ta thy th tch bnh 1 gim mt lng :

Th tch trong ng dng ln mt lng :

V'

'

Ta c V V h

d2
D2

h v

1.h1 2 h2

p p1 p 2 h.( 1 2 )
Ta c :

d2
D2

.d 2
4

.d 2
4

h
h

thay vo (*)

h.( 1 2 )

d2
h ( 1 2 ) 2 .( 1 2 )
D

Tnh p khi h = 250mm

0,0052
2
Ta c : p 0,258535 8142

8535
8142
140 N / m
2
0,05

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Page 4 of 26

mrhoadau4

C Hc Lu Cht

S : a/ p h ( 1 2 )

b/ p 140 N / m

d2

.(

1
2
D2

Bi 2.4
Xc nh v tr ca mt du trong mt khoang du h ca tu thy khi n chuyn ng chm dn u
trc lc dng hn vi gia tc a = 0.3 m/s2. Kim tra xem du c b trn ra khi thnh khng, nu
khi tu chuyn ng u, du cch mp thnh mt khong e = 16cm. Khong cch tu di L =
8m.
Gii
Chn h trc ta nh hnh v, ta bit
mt t do ca du l mt ng p.
Phng trnh vi phn mt ng p :

Xdx Ydy Zdz 0 (*)

C : X a ; Y 0 ; Z g thay vo (*)
(*) adx gdz 0
Tch phn ta c : a.x g .z C
V mt t do ca du i qua gc ta
O (x=0, z=0) C 0 .
Nn phng trnh mt t do s l :

a.x g .z 0

z x.tg trong tg a

Nh vy mt du trong khoang l mt phng nghing v pha trc :

z x.

a
0,3
4.
0,1224 ( m) 12,24 (cm)
g
9,81

vi x

L 8
4 (m)
2 2

Ta thy z = 12,24 (cm) < e = 16 (cm) nn du khng trn ra ngoi.

Bi 2.5
Mt toa tu i t ga tng dn tc trong 10 giy t 40 km/h n 50 km/h. Xc nh p sut tc
dng ln im A v B. Toa tu hnh tr ngang c ng knh d = 2,5m, chiu di L = 6m. Du ng
y mt na toa tu v khi lng ring ca du l 850 kg/m3. Vit phng trnh mt ng p v
mt t do ca du.
Gii
Gia tc ca toa tu l :

vt v0 50 40

0.28 (m / s )
t
10.3600

Chn h trc ta nh hnh v.

Phng trnh vi phn c bn ca cht lng :

dp ( Xdx Ydy Zdz )

Tch phn ta c : p ( Xx Yy Zz ) C

(*)

C X = -a; Y = 0; Z = -g
Thay X, Y, Z vo (*) ta c :

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mrhoadau4

C Hc Lu Cht

p ( ax gz ) C
V mt t do ca du i qua gc ta (x=0, z=0)
Vy :

C p pa

p ( ax gz ) p a

p sut ti A (x= -L/2 = -3; y=0; z=-d/2 = -1,25) l :

p A 850 0, 28 .( 3) 9,81 .( 1,25 ) 98100 109237 ,2 N / m 2 1,113 ( at )

p dA p A p a 1,113 1 0,113 ( at )
p sut ti B (x= L/2 = 3; y=0; z=-d/2 = -1,25) l :

p A 850 0, 28 .(3) 9,81 .( 1, 25 ) 98100 107809 , 2 N / m 2 1,099 ( at )

pdA p A p a 1,099 1 0,099 ( at )
Phng trnh mt ng p :
Phng trnh vi phn ng p : Xdx Ydy Zdz 0
Vi : X = -a; Y = 0; Z = -g adx gdz 0
Tch phn ta c :

adx gdz C

Phng trnh mt t do :
Ti mt thong : x = 0; y = 0; z = 0
Nn :

a
xC
g

C 0

a
x
g

Bi 2.6
Mt bnh h c ng knh d = 500 mm, ng nc quay quanh mt trc thng ng vi s vng
quay khng i n = 90 vng/pht.
a) Vit pt mt ng p v mt t do, nu mc nc trn trc bnh cch y Z0 = 500mm.
b) Xc nh p sut ti im trn thnh bnh cch y l a = 100mm.
c) Th tch nc trong bnh l bao nhiu, nu chiu cao bnh l H = 900mm.
Gii
Chn h trc ta nh hnh v :
a) Vit phng trnh mt ng p v mt t do, nu
mc nc trn trc bnh cch y Z0 = 500mm.
Phng trnh vi phn mt ng p :

Xdx Ydy Zdz 0

2

Trong : X x ; Y y ;

Z g

Thay vo phng trnh vi phn ta c :

2 xdx 2 ydy gdz 0

1 2 2 1 2 2
x y gz C
2
2
1
2 x 2 y 2 g .z C
2
1
2 r 2 g .z C (*)
2

Tch phn :

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Page 6 of 26

mrhoadau4

C Hc Lu Cht

Vy phng trnh mt ng p l :

2r 2
2g

i vi mt t do cch y Z0 = 500mm
Ti mt t do ca cht lng th : x = y = 0 v z = z 0 thay vo (*) C g.z 0
Vy phng trnh mt t do s l : z

2r 2
2g

2r 2

g .z0 hay z

2g

z0

b) Xc nh p sut ti im trn thnh bnh cch y 1 khong a = 100mm :

Phng trnh phn b p sut :
2

dp ( Xdx Ydy Zdz )

Trong : X x ; Y y ;
Thay vo ta c : dp

Z g

2 xdx 2 ydy gdz

1
1

2
2

1
p 2 x 2 y 2 g.z C

Tch phn : p

2 x 2 2 y 2 gz C

1
p 2 r 2 g .z C (**)

2
Ti mt t do (ti O) ta c : x = y = 0 v z = z0

p pa

Thay vo (**) C .g .z 0 p a
(**) p

1
2

2 r 2 .g .z p a .g .z 0 p a .h

2r 2
2

h z0 z

V r 2 x 2 y 2
.g

im trn thnh bnh cch y 100mm c :

p a 1at ; r d

0,5

0,25m

h z 0 z 500 100 400 0,4m ;

.n

30

3,14.90
9,42 rad / s
30

p sut ti im ny s l :

p d p p a .h

2r 2
2

9810.0,4 1000

9,42 2.0,25 2
6697 N / m 2 0,068 at
2

Bi 2.7
Ngi ta c ng gang bng cch quay khun quanh 1 trc nm ngang vi tc quay khng i n
= 1500 vng/pht. Xc nh p sut ti mt trong ca khun, nu trng lng ring ca ng gang

68670 N / m 3 . Cho bit thm ng

20 mm . Tm hnh dng ca mt ng p.

lng

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knh trong ca ng d = 200mm, chiu dy ng

Page 7 of 26

mrhoadau4

C Hc Lu Cht
Gii

.n

3,14.1500

157 rad / s
Tc quay :
30
30
Gia tc lc ly tm trn mt khun :

a 2 .r 157.0,12 2950 m / s 2
Trong :

r r0

d
0,2

0,02 0,12m
2
2

V g = 9,81 m/s2 << a = 2950m/s2 nn khi tnh ta b

qua gia tc trng trng.
Chn gc ta trn trc ng, trc x trng vi trc ng
ta c :

X 0 ; z 2 y ; Z 2z
Thay vo phng trnh vi phn c bn tng qut ca cht lng :

dp ( Xdx Ydy Zdz )

2 ydy 2 zdz
Tch phn ta c : p

2
2

z2 C p

2r 2
2

Hng s C c xc nh t iu kin : khi r r0 (mt trong ca ng) th pt p a do :

C pa

2 r02

Vy

2 r 2 r02
2

Nhn vo phng trnh ta thy p sut trong gang lng thay i lut parabol theo phng bn knh.
p sut d ti mt trong ca khun l :

p d pt p a

2 r 2 r02

. r
2

Phng trnh vi phn mt ng p :

Tch phn ta c :

2 .r 2
2

2
2

r02

68670 .157

9,81

(0,12 2 0,12
380000 N / m 2 3,87 at
2

ydy 2 zdz 0

const . Ta thy mt ng p l nhng mt trn c trc trng vi trc

quay.
Bi 2.8
Mt ca van hnh ch nht t ng c chiu rng b = 3m, trng lng nng 700kG c th nng ln
hoc h khng ch lu lng qua cng. Mc nc thng lu H1 = 3m v mc nc h lu H 2 =
1.5m
a) Xc nh im t v p lc tng ln ca van.
b) Xc nh lc nng ca van, bit chiu dy ca van l a = 20 cm v h s ma st ti cc khe
phai f = 1.4.
c) Xc nh im t bn dm ngang sao cho p lc nc truyn ln tng dm l nh nhau.
Gii
a) Xc nh im t v p lc tng ln ca van.
p lc pha thng lu :
Tr s :

p1

.b
2

.H 12

9810.3 2
.3 132435 ( N )
2

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Page 8 of 26

mrhoadau4

C Hc Lu Cht

Z D1

im t :

2
2
H 1 .3 2 (m)
3
3

p lc pha h lu :

.b

9810.3
.1,5 2 33109 ( N )
2
2
2
2
im t : Z D H 2 .1,5 1 (m)
2
3
3

Tr s : p 2

.H 22

p lc tng hp :

p p1 p 2 132435 33109 99326 N

im t p lc tng hp ln ca van :
Ta c : M

A
p

M pA1 M pA2

P.Z D P1 .Z D1 P2 .( Z D2 H 1 H 2 )
ZD

P1 .Z D1 P2 .( Z D2 H 1 H 2 )
P

132435.2 33109.1 3 1,5

1,833 ( m)
99326

b) Lc nng ca van :

G : trng lng tm chn

T G f .P FAC

: h s ma st khe phai

700.9,81 1,4.99326 8829

FAC : lc y Acsimt.

154725,4 N

FAC .g .V .g .a.b.H 2 1000.9,81.0,2.3.1,5 8829 N

c) Xc nh im t bn dm ngang sao cho p lc nc truyn ln tng dm l nh nhau :

p lc ln nht khi H2 = 0
p lc l P1. Do mi dm chu 1 lc l

Pd1 Pd 2 Pd 3 Pd 4

P1

P1

132435
33108,75 N
4

Ta xem ca s gm 4 tm ghp li.

Gi A, B, C, D l 4 v tr thp nht ca biu p sut tnh tc dng ln 4 dm.

P1
.b
1 .b 2

OA 2
H1
4
2
4 2
H
1
3
OA 2 H 12 OA 1 1,5m
4
2
2
2
2
Z d1 OA 1,5 1m
3
3
P
.b
1 .b 2
Pd 2 1
OB 2 OA 2
H1
4
2
4 2
1
OB 2 OA 2 H 12 OB 2
4
1
1
1
1
OA 2 H 12 H 12 H 12 H 12
4
4
4
2
Pd1

OB

1 2
1 2
H1
3 2,12m
2
2

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Page 9 of 26

mrhoadau4

Zd2

C Hc Lu Cht

2 OB 3 OA3 2 2,123 1,53

1,828m
3 OB 2 OA2 3 2,122 1,52

P1
.b
1 .b 2

OC 2 OB 2
H1
4
2
4 2
1
1
1
1
3
OC 2 OB 2 H 12 OC 2 OB 2 H12 H 12 H 12 H 12
4
4
2
4
4

Pd3

OC
Z d3

3 2
H1
4

3 2
3 2,6 m
4

2 OC 3 OB 3 2 2,6 3 2,12 3

.
2,368m
3 OC 2 OB 2 3 2,6 2 2,12 2

P1
.b
1 .b 2

OD 2 OC 2
H1
4
2
4 2
1
1
3
1
OD 2 OC 2 H 12 OD 2 OC 2 H 12 H 12 H 12 H 12
4
4
4
4
OD H1 3m

Pd 4

Z d4

2 OD 3 OC 3 2 33 2,6 3

2,805m
3 OD 2 OC 2 3 3 2 2,6 2

Bi 2.9
Xc nh lc nng Q nng tm chn nghing mt gc

quay c quanh trc O. Chiu rng

tm chn b = 1.5m, khong cch t mt nc n trc O l a = 20 cm. Gc

60 0 ,

H = 1.5m. B

qua trng lng tm chn v ma st trn bn l ca trc O.

Gii
p lc ln tm chn l :

.b
9810.1,5 2
H2
1,5 19115 N
2 sin
2 sin 60 0

Vi tr tm ca p lc :

ZD

2
2
.H
.1,5 1,155 m
3 sin
3 sin 60 0
0

nng c tm chn ny ln th : M Q M P

Q
a P Z D a
sin

PZ D a 19115(1,155 0,2)
Q

13406 N
H
1,5
a

0
,
2
Sin
sin 60 0
Vy Q > 13406 (N)
Bi 2.10
Mt ca van phng hnh ch nht nm nghing ta vo im D nm di trng tm C 20cm (tnh
theo chiu nghing) trng thi cn bng. Xc nh p lc nc ln ca van nu chiu rng ca n b
= 4m v gc nghing

60 0 .

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Page 10 of 26

mrhoadau4

C Hc Lu Cht

Gii
Ta c Z D Z C a

hC
H

sin 2 sin
H
ZD
a
2 sin
2H
Mt khc Z D
3 sin

M Z C

H a.b. sin 0,2.6. sin 60 0 1,04 m

Vy P

.b
9810.4
H2
.1,04 2 24504 N
0
2 sin
2. sin 60

Bi 2.11
Xc nh lc tc dng ln np ng trn ca thng ng du ha. ng knh ng d = 600 mm, mc
du H = 2.8m. Xc nh im t ca tng tnh p. Khi lng ring du ha l 880 kg/m3. Cho
moment qun tnh I 0

.d 4
64

Gii
Lc tc dng ln np ng chnh l lc d : P .h.
Trong : hc l khong cch t tm din tch n mt thong = H
- din tch nm ng trn

P 880.2,8.

3,14.0,6 2
696,68 kg 6834,43 N
4

im t : Z D Z C

I0
.d 4 4 1
H
2,808 m
64 d 2 H
.Z C

Z C H

d 2

Vi :
4

d 4

I
0
64

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Page 11 of 26

mrhoadau4

C Hc Lu Cht

Chng IV

TN THT NNG LNG

Bi 4.1
T bnh A, p sut tuyt i ti mt thong trong bnh l 1.2at, nc chy vo bnh h B. Xc nh
lu lng nc chy vo bnh B, nu H1 = 10m, H2 = 2m, H 3 = 1m, ng knh ng d = 100mm,
ng knh ng D = 200mm, h s cn khoa

k 4 , bn knh vng R = 100mm, b qua tn tht

dc ng.

Gii

Vit phng trnh cho mt ct 1-1 & 2-2, ly 2-2 lm chun ta c:

z1

p1

1v12
2g

z2

p2

2 v 22
2g

z1 H H 1 H 2 8m ; z 2 0
Chon 1
1
2

Trong :
2
p1 1,2at 1,2.98100 117720 N / m
v v 0
2
1
p
p
H 1 2 h

p 2 pa

Vi h hd

hc hc

vd2
2g

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 3 4 5 8

d 2
1 0,51 0,5
D

2 k 4
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Page 12 of 26

mrhoadau4

C Hc Lu Cht

3 6 7 0,29 . V d

2R

0,5 0,29
2

0,1 2
d 2
9

1
4 1

D
0,2
16

0,1 2 3
d 2

5 0,5 1 0,51

D
0,2 8

8 1
1 2 3 3 4 5 8 0,5 4 3.0,29 9

p1

p2

16

3 1 7,0075
8

v d2
2g

H 1 p p 2 g
2
1

vd

8 19810117720 98100.2.9,81 5,29 m / s

7,0075

Lu lng nc chy vo bnh B l :

Q Vd . Ad Vd . . d

5,29.3,14. 0,1

0,041 m 3 / s 41 l / s

Bi 4.2
Nc chy t bnh cao xung thp qua ng c ng knh d = 50mm, chiu di L = 30m. Xc nh
chn khng mt ct x-x, nu chnh lch mc nc trong hai bnh H = 4.5m, chiu cao ca xi
phng z = 2.5m, h s cn dc ng

0,028 , bn knh vng R

= 50mm, khoch cch t u

ng n mt ct x-x l L1 = 10m.

Gii

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Page 13 of 26

mrhoadau4

C Hc Lu Cht

Vit phng trnh Becnouly cho mt ct 1-1 & 2-2. Cho mt ct 2-2 lm chun ta c :

z1

p1

1v12
2

z2

p2

2 v22
2

(*)

z1 H ; z 2 0
Chon 1

1
2
Trong :
p1 p2 pa
v1 v2 0
Thay vo (*) ta c :
2
L
v
H h
d
2g

2 gH
L

d

L
30
0,028
16,8
d
0,05

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 4 2 6 0,5 4.0,29 1 2,66

Vy : v

2 gH
2.9,81.4,5

2,13 m / s v x
L
16
,
8
2
,
66

Vit phng trnh Becnouly cho mt ct 1-1 & x-x. Cho mt ct 1-1 lm chun ta c :

z1

p1

1v12
2g

zx

px

x v x2
2g

h x

(**)

z1 0 ; z 2 z x
Chon 1

1
x
Trong :
p
p
p
px

a
2
1
v1 0 v2 v x
Thay vo (**) ta c :

pa p x

L1

vx2
h x
2g

hck

pa p x

hck z x

v x2
h x
2g

2
x

v
L
h x 1
2g
d
L
10
1 0,028
5,6
d
0,05
hck z x

2 0,5 0,29 0,79

v x2
2,132
h x 2,5 1 5,6 0,79
4,21m
2.9,81
2g

Bi 4.3
C mt vi phun cung cp nc t mt b cha cao H = 10m, qua ng c ng knh d1 = 38mm,
chiu di L = 18m. ng knh b phn lng D = 200mm. Vi phun l ng hnh nn, ming vi, d2 =
20mm, c h s gin cn

vi 0.5 tnh theo vn tc trong ng. Xc nh lu lng Q chy qua vi

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Page 14 of 26

mrhoadau4

C Hc Lu Cht

v chiu cao dng nc phun ln, gi thit sc cn ca khng kh lm gim i 20% chiu cao. Cho
h s gin n

0.03 , h s tn tht cc b ca kha k 4 , bn knh vng R 76mm.

Gii
Vit phng trnh Becnouly cho mt ct 1-1 & 2-2. Cho mt ct 2-2 lm chun ta c :

z1

p1

1v12
2g

z2

p2

2 v22
2g

(*)
Trong :
V2 : lu tc nc chy qua vi phun

z1 H ; z 2 0
Chon 1

1
2
Trong :
p1 p 2 p a
v1 0

A2 : tit din l vi phun :

A : tit din ca ng :

v2
v2
v2 L
H 2 h 2
2g
2 g d1
2g

1 0,5 1

2 gH v22 v 2
d1

(**)

L
18
0,03.
14,21
d1
0,038

2 6 k 4

.d1
4

0,5

3 7 8 9 0,15

Phng trnh lin tc :

V : lu tc nc chy trong ng

Thay vo (*) ta c :

d
v .A
v. A v 2 . A2 V 2 2 v2 2
A1
d1

.d 2

A2

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 2 2 4 3 4 5 10
0,5 2.4 4.0,15 0,93 0,48 0,5 11,01

Vi :
0,25 0,15
2R

0,038 2
d 2
4 1 1
0,93
0,2
D
0,038 2
d 2
5 0,5 1 0,51
0,48
0,2
D
10 voi 0,5

Th tt c vo (**) ta c :

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Page 15 of 26

mrhoadau4

C Hc Lu Cht

L
d4
2 gH
2 gH v 22 v22 24 v 2
L
d 24
d1
d1
1 4
d1
d1

2.9,81.10

v2

8,18 m / s

0,02 4
1 14,21 11,01
0,038 4

Lu lng chy qua vi : Q v 2 . A2 v 2 .

Chiu cao nc phun ln : hv 0,8

.d 22
4

8,18.

3,14.0,02 2
0,0026 m 3 / s 2,6 l / s
4

v22
8,18 2
0,8
2,73 m
2g
2.9,81

Bi 4.4
My bm ly nc t ging cung cp cho thp cha phn phi cho mt vng dn c. (Hnh 4.4)
Cho bit :
Cao trnh mc nc trong ging : z1 = 0.0m
Cao trnh mc nc thp cha nc z 2 = 26.43m
ng ht: di L = 10m, ng knh ng d = 250mm, cc h s sc cn cc b: ch vo c li
chn rc( vo 6 ) mt ch un cong( un 0.294 ),n = 0.013(ng nm ngang bnh thng)

ng y : L =35m; d = 200mm; n=0.013; khng tnh tn tht cc b.

My bm ly tm : lu lng Q = 65L/s; hiu sut

0.65 ; cao chn khng cho php

ch my bm hck 6m ct nc.
Yu cu :
1. Xc nh cao t my bm.
2. Tnh ct nc H ca my bm.
3. Tnh cng sut N m my bm tiu th.
4. V ng nng lng v ng o p.
Xem dng chy trong cc ng thuc khu sc cn bnh phng.

Gii
1. Xc nh cao t my bm :
My bm ch c t cch mt nc trong ging mt khong hb no khng qu ln cho p
sut tuyt i mt ct 2-2 khng qu b mt gii hn xc nh, tc p sut chn khng ti y

khng vt qu tr s cho php p ck hck . M theo th hck 6m ct nc p ck 0,6at .

Vit phng trnh Becnouly cho mt ct 1-1 & 2-2, ly 1-1 lm chun ta c :

z1

p1

1v12
2

z2

p2

2 v 22
2

z1 H ; z 2 hb
Chon 1
1
2

Trong :
p1 p a p 2 pt2
v 0
1

hh

(*)

v h : l tng tn tht ct nc trong ng ht.

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Page 16 of 26

mrhoadau4

C Hc Lu Cht

Thay vo (*) ta c :

p a p t2
v 22
v 22
hb

hh hck hb
hh V : hck

2g
2g

pt2

pa

v
Theo : hck hck 6m ct nc hb hck 2 h
h

2g

Lh
v2
vao uon
d
2g

Tac : h hd hc
hcuon
h
vao
Tnh

theo cng thc

8g
C2

1
1
1
d 0,25
0,0625 6 50,4
C R 6 Vi R
0,0625m C
0,013
n
4
4

8g
C

8.9,81
50,4

0,03085

m/s

Lh
10
0,03085
1,234
d
0,25

Lu tc trong ng ht l :

Q v. A v

Q
4
4.0,065
2 .Q
1,324 m / s
A d
3,14.0,25 2

v 2 1,324 2

0,09 m
2 g 2.9,81

hbmax 6 1 1,234 6 0,294.0,09 6 0,77 5,23m

Vy : hb 5,23m

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Page 17 of 26

mrhoadau4

C Hc Lu Cht

2. Tnh ct nc H ca my bm.
L t nng m bn phi cung cp cho cht lng khi i qua n, c biu din bng ct nc H (M ct
nc).
Ta c : H H 0 hw hw

h
Trong :

H 0 : l chnh lch a hnh, tc l cao m my bm phi a nc ln.

hw : tn tht ct nc trong ng ht.
hwh : tn tht ct nc trong ng y.

H 0 Z 2 Z1 26,43 0,00 26,43m

L
v2
hw vao uon 2 1,234 6 0,294.0,09 0,68m
d
2g

Lh v2

.
d 2g

hwh

Vi V l lu tc trung bnh trong ng y :

4Q

d 2

Vi R

4.0,065
3,14.0,2 2

2,07 m / s

d 0,2

0,05 m
2
4

8g
C

hwh

8.9,81
48,7

0,033

V2 2,07 2

0,22 m
2 g 2.9,81
1
1
0,056 48,7
0,013

m /s

L
35
0,033
5,78
d
0,25

Lh v2

.
5,78.0,22 1,27 m
d 2g

Vy ct nc ca my bm l :

H H 0 hw hwh 26,43 0,68 1,27 28,4 m ct nc.

3. Tnh cng sut N m my bm tiu th :

.Q.H 9810.0,065.28,4

27860 w

0,65

Bi 4.5
Nc t mt bnh cha A chy vo b cha B, theo mt ng ng gm hai loi ng c ng knh
khc nhau. (Hnh 4.5). Bit zA = 13m, zB = 5m, L1 = 30m, d1 = 150mm,
L2 = 50m,

2 0.029 . ng dn l loi ng gang dng, gi

1 0.031 ,d2 = 200mm,

thit nc trong ng khu sc cn

bnh phng. Tnh lu lng Q v v ng ct nc, ng o p ca ng ng.

Gii

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Page 18 of 26

mrhoadau4

C Hc Lu Cht

Vit phng trnh Becnouly cho mt ct 1-1 & 2-2, ly 0-0 lm chun ta c :

zA

p1

1v12
2

zB

p2

2 v22
2

hh

(1)

z1 H ; z 2 hb
Chon 1

1
2
Trong :
p1 p 2 p a
v1 v 2 0
Thay vo (1) ta c : h Z A Z B 13 5 8 m
Mt khc : h

L1
v12 L2
v 22

h
h

d c 1 d 1 2 2 g 2 d 3 2 g
1
2

(2)

Phng trnh lin tc :

V1 . A1 V2 . A2 V1 V2

d2
A2
V2 22
A1
d1

Thay vo (2) ta c :
4
L1
v 22 d 24 L2
v 22 v 22 L1
d 2
L

1
2 2 3
1 2

h 1
3
1
2
4
d1
2 g d1 d 2
2 g 2 g d1
d 1
d2

2 gh

v2

L1
d
1
1 2 2
d1
d1

1 0,5

2 2 3

d2

(b vo ng)
2

d 2
150 2

1
2 1
0,191
D
200

3 1 (ng ra b)
2.9,81.8

v2

2,2863 m / s

30
0,2

50

0,5 0,191
1
0,031
0,029
0,15
0,2

0,15

Lu lng : Q v 2

.d 22
4

2,2863.

3,14.0,2 2
0,0718 m 3 / s 71,8 l / s
4

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Page 19 of 26

mrhoadau4

C Hc Lu Cht

Bi 4.6
a nc ln mt thp nc vi lu lng Q = 40L/s, ta t mt my bm ly tm, cao hn mc
nc trong ging ht l hb = 5m, mc nc trong thp cao hn my ha = 28m, di ng ht Lht =

0.028 . Tnh ng
l bom 0.8 , hiu sut

12m, di ng y Ly = 3600m; ng ng ht v y c h s ma st
knh ng ht v y, tnh cng sut my bm, bit hiu sut my bm
ng c

ng co 0.85 , chn khng cho php ca my bm l 6m.

Gii

Tnh ng knh ng ht :
Vit phng trnh Becnouly cho mt ct 1-1 & 2-2, ly 1-1 lm chun ta c :

z1

p1

1v12
2

z2

p2

2 v22
2

hh

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(1)

Page 20 of 26

mrhoadau4

C Hc Lu Cht

z1 0 ; z 2 hb
Chon 1

1
2
Trong :
p1 p a
v1 0

v h : l tng tn tht ct nc trong ng ht.

h

Thay vo (1) ta c :

v 22
pa p2
v 22
hb

hh
hb
hh

2g

2g

pa

p2

V : hck

v2

pa p2

V : h h 1 3 2 2
d
2g
h
h

v2

v2
L
L
hck hb 1 h 1 3 2 2 1 h 1 3 2 2 hck hb 6 5 1
dh
dh

2g

2g
Trong : v 2

4.Q

d h2

v22

16.Q 2

v :

2 .d h2

(2)

1 0,5 ; 2 0,29

16.0,04 2
12

Thay vo (2) ta c : 1 0,028

0,5 3.0,29
1

2
4
d
h

3,14 .2.9,81.d h

0,336 132.10 6

2,37
1 d h 200mm
d
d h4
h

Tnh ng knh ng y :
Vit phng trnh Becnouly cho mt ct 3-3 & 4-4 ta c :

z3

p3

3 v32
2

z4

p4

4 v42

z 3 0 ; z 4 ha
Chon 1

3
4
Trong :
p
p

a
4
v4 0

(3)

v h : l tng tn tht ct nc trong ng ht.

h

Thay vo (3) ta c :

p3

v32
p
p pa
v2
ha a h 3
ha 3 h
2g

2g

V : hck

pa p2

V : h

L

d

v32 L v32

2 g d 2 g

Gii tng t d 200mm

p3 p a

ha

v32

2g

(4)

Nng lng tng thm :

L
v2
L v2
H b Z 4 hh h Z 4 h 1 3 2 2 3
d 2g
dh
2g
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Page 21 of 26

mrhoadau4

v2
v3

4.Q

d h2
4.Q

d 2

C Hc Lu Cht

4.0,04
3,14.0,2 2
4.0,04
3,14.0,2 2

1,273 m / s
1,273 m / s

12
3600 1,2732

1,2732
H b 5 2,8 0,028
0,028
49,6 m
0,5 3.0,29
0,2
0,2 2.9,81

2.9,81
Cng sut cn cung cp cho my bm :

.Q.H b
9810.0,04.49,6

28622 w
bom . dongco
0,8.0,85

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Page 22 of 26

mrhoadau4

C Hc Lu Cht

BI TP CHNG V

DNG CHY QUA L, VI

Bi 5.7
Xc nh thi gian nc chy ht mt b cha lng tr, su nc trong b H = 4m; c din tch y 5m 2 ,
qua hai l trn, l nm thnh bn cch y e = 2m v mt l y. Kch thc hai l ging nhau d = 10 cm. Cho
h s lu lng 0.6

Gii
Ta c T T1 T2 (b qua v0)
T1 thi gian qua 2 l (mc nc t H

H-e)

T2 thi gian qua l y (khong e)

T thi gian tho ton b

h e 2 g

Lu lng l bn : Qb

. A1

Lu lng l y : Q

. A2 2 gh

H e

T1

.. 2 g

.dh

H e

..e 2 g

he h

.. 2 g

2
3

T2

4
2...e

2. 2.9,81

.. 2 ge

dh
he h
H e

3
2 3
2
2 h 2

h e h dh
h
e

3
. .e 2 g 3
H

.
2
H 2e 3 2 2H e 3 2 4 3 2

3 ..e 2 g

.0,12

0,6.

H e

4 2.2 3 2 24 2 3 2 4 3 2 187,1 s

2.5.2

0,6

.0,12

677,5 s

2.9,81.2
4
T 187,1 677,6 864,6 s 1424,6

Bi 5.8
Tnh thi gian tho cn b cha nc hnh lng tr hnh thang di L = 4m, chiu rng mt thong B = 5m. Cho h
s lu lng 0.6 .

Gii
Din tch ca mt thong

MN.L
M MN b .MP

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Page 23 of 26

mrhoadau4

C Hc Lu Cht

MP
h

Bb H
2
Bb
h

2 h

MP

H
5
8
12 h
5

Ta c t l :

Thi gian nc chy ht b l :

H2

T
H1

.dh

M . A. 2 gh

.65,6 5223

2 gh

Vy thi gian nc chy ht b l 5223

Bi 5.9
Tnh thi gian tho ht nc trong b cha hnh tr trn c ng knh d = 2.4m, cao H = 6m trong 2 trng hp.
a. B cha dng ng, y c khot l, din tch

1.76 dm 2

b. B cha nm ngang, y c khot l, cng c din tch

1.76 dm 2

Cho bit trong c hai trng hp, mt thong ca b u thng vi kh tri.

Gii
1. B cha dng ng :
Ta c :

.d 2

.2,4

4,524 m 2

Thi gian tho ht nc trong b :

2. .H

2.4,524.6

m.. 2 gh

0,6.1,76.10 2 2.9,81.6

473,8 s 7 53,8

2. B cha nm ngang :
0

T 2
r

.dh
Q

2
0

mw 2 g .r

mw 2 gh

4 H .r

8H

.dx
2
Q

d cos x
cos x

2 H .r. sin x.
m.w 2 g.r. cos x
8H

mw 2 gh

dx

4 H .r

mw 2 g .r

sin xdx
cos x

cos x

8.6.1,2
0,6.1,76.10 2 2.9,81.1,2

1214 s 1844

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Page 24 of 26

mrhoadau4

C Hc Lu Cht

BI TP CHNG VI

DNG CHY N NH, U, C P TRONG NG DI

Bi 6.1
Xc nh lu lng chy t b cha A qua b cha B. ng gang trong iu kin bnh thng.
Gii
Lu lng : Q K

J K

H
L

ng gang bnh thng : n = 0,0125

Modul lu lng :

.d
n.4

8
5

3,14.0,2

0,0125.4

0,314 m 3 / s

Lu lng :

QK

H
20 15
0,314.
0,0241 m 3 24,1 l / s
L
1000

Bi 6.2
Xc nh ct nc H cn thit dn t b A qua b B lu lng Q = 50L/s. Kch thc ng ng xem bi 1.
Gii
T bi 1 ta c : K = 0,314 m3/s
Ct nc : H

Q2
K2

0,05 2
0,314 2

1000 21,5m

Bi 6.3
Xc nh ng knh d ca mt ng thp mi dn lu lng Q = 200L/s di ct nc tc dng H = 10m. chiu
di ng L = 500m

Gii
Modul lu lng : Q K

J K

Q
L
500
Q
0,2
1,414 m 3 / s
H
10
J

ng sch : n = 0,011
ng knh : K

.d
n.4

8
5

K
d n

1,414
0,011

3,14

0,325 m 325mm

Bi 6.4
Mt li phn phi c s v cc s liu cho hnh v. Ct nc t do cui cc ng ng h
bnh thng. Cc s trong hnh tam gic ch cao trnh mt t ti cc im. (Hnh 6.4)
Yu cu :
1. Tnh ng knh cho tt c mng chnh v ph.
2. Tnh chiu cao thp cha.
3. V ng o p cho ng ng ABCDE.

5m. ng gang

Gii

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Page 25 of 26

mrhoadau4

C Hc Lu Cht

Theo nh ngha v ng ng chnh ta chn tuyn ng ABCDE v im E c cao trnh khng b hn so vi

cc im khc. Ngoi ra chiu di ca tuynl di nht. Cc ng ng cn li c coi l ng nhnh.
1. Chn ng knh v tnh cao cho mng ng chnh.
im

on
ng

L
(m)

Q
(l/s)

d
(mm)

(m/s)

K
(l/s)

hd
(m)

cao
o p
26,8

AB

500

65

300

0,92

1,042

1005,18

2,18

24,62
BC

600

50

250

1,02

1,028

618,15

4,03

20,59
CD

300

15

150

0,85

1,0525

158,31

2,83

17,76
DE

500

100

0,64

1,098

53,69

4,76

13

2. Chiu cao thp cha nc.

Sau khi tnh cho cc ng ng chnh ABCDE, ta c ct nc o p ti cc on ng nhnh cn li (cc
im B, C, D) u ln hn ct nc o p ti cui on (F, K, M, N). Do c th xem vic chn ABCDE lm
ng chnh l hp l.
h = 26,8 10 = 16,8 (m)
3. Chn ng knh v cao cho nhnh.
Cao trnh cc im o p
hd
L
Q
K2.10-5
d
Nhnh
(m)
(l/s)
(l/s)
(m)
(mm)
u ng
Cui ng
BM
300
5
24,62
15
9,62
0,865
100
DN
700
10
14,62
15
9,62
8,065
125
CO
250
15
20,59
14
6,59
10,044
150
DP
400
10
17,76
12
5,76
14,285
125

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Page 26 of 26