CNG TY C PHN O TO V CNG NGH

CNG TY C PHN O TO V CNG NGH
NNG LNG - VIN THNG VIT NAM

P&3T
a ch: S 52/68/66 ng Ngc Lm - Q. Long Bin - TP. H Ni

Tel: 04 - 3873 6768
Email: p-3t@p-3t.com
Fax: 04 - 3650 3404
Homepage: http://www.p-3t.com
TI LIU O TO CHUYN
H THNG R LE BO V TRONG TBA - PHN NNG CAO
(Thc hin ti: Cng ty in lc Du kh C Mau - Nm: 2011)
Tng Gim c
ThS. Nguyn Xun o
H Ni, 09/2011
Ti liu o to chuyn H thng r le bo v trong trm bin p - Phn nng cao
MC LC
Trang
Mc lc
Danh mc cc ch vit tt
Chng I. Tng quan v r le k thut s do hng Siemens ch to
I.1. c im ca r le k thut s do hang SIEMENS ch to
I.1.1. c im ca r le k thut s do hng SIEMENS ch
to
I.1.2 Gii thiu phn mm DIGSI
I.2. Gii thiu v r le bo v so lch my bin p 7UT6xx
I.2.1. Gii thiu chung v r le so lch my bin p h
7UT6xx
I.2.2. Phm vi s dng
10
I.2.3. Cc b tham s ci t
11
I.2.4. Chc nng bo v so lch
12
I.2.5. Chc nng bo v chng chm t hn ch 87N
23
(Restricted Earth Fault-REF)

I.2.6. Chc nng bo v qua dng pha/ qu dng chm t
24
I.2.7. Bo v chng qu ti nhit (Thermal Overload
27
Protection - 49)
I.2.8.
Bo
chng
qu
thng
li
thp
29
I.2.9. Bo v chng hin tng my ct t chi tc ng
30
(OverexcitationProtection- 24)
(Circuit Breaker Failure Protection - 50BF)
I.2.10. Chc nng gim st trong r le
31
I.3. Gii thiu v r le bo v my pht in 7UM62x

I.3.1. Gii thiu chung v bo v my pht in
Thc hin ti: Cng ty in lc Du kh C Mau - Nm: 2011

Bin son: Cng ty P&3T
37
37
1
I.3.2. Gii thiu chung v r le bo v my pht h 7UM62x
40
I.3.3. Chc nng bo v qu dng vi c tnh c lp (I>
41
hoc F50, F51)

I.3.4. Chc nng bo v qu dng vi c tnh ph thuc
41
(51V)
I.3.5. Chc nng bo v qu dng th t nghch (I2> hoc 46)
42
- Unbalanced Load
I.3.6. Chc nng bo v qu dng khi khi ng t my
43
(Startup Overcurrent Protection)

I.3.7. Chc nng bo v so lch cho my bin p (87T)
44
I.3.8. Chc nng bo v so lch my pht in (87)
44
I.3.9. Chc nng bo v mt kch t (Underexcitation - Loss-
45
of-Field) (40)
I.3.10. Chc nng bo v chng lung cng sut ngc
49
(Reverse Power Protection) (32R)

I.3.11. Chc nng bo v chng trt cc t (Out of Step)
50
(78)
I.3.12. Bo v chng chm t 90% cun dy stato (59N,
52
64G, 67G)
I.3.13. Bo v chng chm t 100% cun dy stato
54
I.3.14. Bo v chng chm chp gia cc vng dy cng pha
59
cun dy stato
I.3.15. Bo v chng chm t cun dy roto (64R)
61
I.3.16. Bo v chng ng in my pht ang trng thi
64
ngh
(Dead
Machine
Energization
hoc
Inadvertent
Energization)
I.4. Gii thiu v r le bo v khong cch 7SA5xx
66
I.4.1. Gii thiu v rle k thut s h 7SA5xx
66
I.4.2. Chc nng bo v khong cch (21 & 21N)
67

2
I.4.3. Chc nng pht hin dao ng in (21 & 21N)
69
I.4.4. Chc nng pht hin ngun yu hoc m my ct u
70
i din (Weak Infeed or Breaker open condition)

I.4.5. Chc nng bo v qu dng (D phng hoc bo v
71
khn cp)
I.4.6. Chc nng chng ng vo im s c (SOTF - Switch
71
on to Fault)
I.4.7. Chc nng nh v s c
72
I.5. Gii thiu v r le bo v qu dng 7SJ62x
73
I.5.1. Gii thiu v rle k thut s h 7SJ62
73
I.5.2. Chc nng bo v qu dng
73
I.5.3. Chc nng bo v chng s c chm t thong qua lp
74
li (Intermittent ground fault protection)

I.5.4. Chc nng nh v s c (Fault Location)
I.6. Gii thiu v r le bo v so lch thanh ci 7SS52x
74
75
I.6.1. Gii thiu v r le k thut s h 7SS52x
75
I.6.2. Gii thut lm vic vi gi tr tc thi ca dng in
77
I.6.3. Check Zone (Vng kim tra)
80
82
Chng II. Tnh ton cc thng s bo v

II.1. Tnh ton thng s ci t cho rle qu dng in (I0>
82
hay 50& 51; 50N & 51N)

II.2. Tnh ton thng s ci t cho rle khong cch (Z< hay
85
21)
II.3. Tnh ton thng s ci t cho rle so lch (I hay 87)
Chng III. Ci t r le ca Siemens ch off line trn my
tnh
97
101
III.1. Cc yu cu chung
101
III.2. Cc bc thc hin
102
III.3. Thay i cc gi tr chnh nh ca rle
105

3
Chng IV. Th nghim kim tra c tnh tc ng ca r le
110
Siemens
IV.1. Gii thiu hp b th nghim rle CMC 356 (Omicron) v
110
phn mm iu khin Test Universe

IV.2. Thao tc kt ni
110
IV.3. u ni gia hp b th nghim v rle
112
IV.4. La chn phng thc kim tra
113
IV.5. Chun b i tng th nghim
114
IV.5.1. Th nghim r le qu dng in
115
IV.5.2. Th nghim rle khong cch
121
IV.5.3. Th nghim rle so lch dng in
123
Chng V. Hng dn c bn tin v gii tr s c trong r le
126
Siemens
V.1. Gii thiu
126
V.2. Truy cp qua cc phm mt trc rle
127
V.3. Cc thng bo s c
128
V.4. Chuyn i gia cc nhm ci t
130

4
DANH MC CC CH VIT TT
Di y l mt s ch vit tt thng hay s dng trong ti liu:
- CT: My bin dng in (Current Transformer)
- DT: c tnh c lp (Definite Time)
- EI: Cc k dc (Extremely Inverse)
- IT: c tnh thi gian ph thuc (Inverse Time)
- IEC: U ban K thut in Quc t ( International Electrotechnical
Commission)
- MBA: My bin p
- MF: My pht
- REF: Bo v chng chm t hn ch
- SI: Dc tiu chun (Standard Inverse)
- TTK: Thnh phn th t khng
- TTN: Thnh phn th t nghch
- TTT: Thnh phn th t thun
- VI: Rt dc (Very Inverse)
- VT: My bin in p (Voltage Transformer)

5
CHNG I. TNG QUAN V R LE K THUT S

DO HNG SIEMENS CH TO
I.1. c im ca r le k thut s do hang SIEMENS ch to
I.1.1. c im ca r le k thut s do hng SIEMENS ch to
Cc r le k thut s ca hng SIEMENS mang tn gi chung SIPROTEC p
ng ton din cc nhu cu bo v trong h thng in. Cc thit b bo v lm vic
tin cy, giao din v phng thc truy cp thun tin d dng hn hu ht cc r le
ca cc hng khc. Phn mm DIGSI 4 l cng c mnh tr gip cc k s trong
vic qun l, ci t v phn tch s c. Phn mm ny tng thch vi mi loi r
le ca SIEMENS.
Hnh 1.1. T r le ca hng SIEMENS
- Cc r le SIEMENS cn c cc c im ni bt sau:
+ Tch hp gia cc chc nng bo v, iu khin v o lng
+ C th la chn cc chun truyn thng theo tiu chun nh IEC 61850; IEC
60870-5-103; DNP 3, MODBUS v PROFIBUS.
+ C sn cc modul thit b truyn thng chuyn i nng cp ln chun
IEC 61850.
+ SIEMENS l mt trong nhng nh sn xut tch cc trong vic h tr chun
truyn thng quc t IEC 61850 v l nh sn xut u tin a ra cc thit b bo
v v t ng ha trm tun th theo chun ny. Ti cui nm 2007, khong 30,000
thit b bo v v t ng ha trm ca SIEMENS trong gn 300 trm bin p
vn hnh da trn chun IEC 61850.
- Qu trnh pht trin ca cc th h r le SIEMENS:
SIEMENS l mt trong nhng nh sn xut hng u th gii trong lnh vc
thit b bo v r le, cc cng ngh mi ca SIEMENS ng gp ng k s pht
trin ca cc th h r le ni chung.
6
+ Nm 1976: Cc r le da trn nn tng ca h thng my tnh mini c

SIEMENS chuyn giao cho khch hng v vn vn hnh ti tn thi im hin ti.
+ T nm 1985: L nh sn xut u tin gii thiu cc dng r le k thut s
vi giao thc truyn tin c chun ha. Hin nay SIEMENS c kh nng cung cp
r le bo v cho ton b cc thit b trong h thng in t bo v my pht, thanh
gp cho ti cc ng c ca khch hng. Ti thi im hin ti khong 600,000
thit b r le c chuyn giao cho khch hng.
- Cc c im cng ngh u vit ca r le SIEMENS
+ Thit k nh gn, tch hp nhiu chc nng trong mt thit b gim gi
thnh.
+ Kh nng sn sng v tin cy cao do c kh nng t gim st bn thn
trong qu trnh vn hnh ca thit b bo v r le.
+ c tnh lm vic n nh, trnh c hin tng tri tham s, c tnh.
+ chnh xc o lng cao do p dng cc thut ton x l ti u v lc tn
hiu s.
+ Tch hp thm rt nhiu chc nng ph khc nh gim st ti, gim st mc
pht nng/gi ha, chc nng ghi s c, r le so lch vi chc nng nh v s
c, ...
+ H thng bn phm v giao din trn r le c thit k ti u cho ngi vn
hnh s dng.
+ D dng truy cp cc d liu trong r le bng my tnh thng qua cng ni
tip. C th truy nhp t xa hoc ti ch ty theo yu cu.
Hnh 0.2. Cc nhm ci t trong r le
+ Kh nng tng thch cao vi cc trng thi vn hnh ca h thng: C th

ci t nhiu b s liu vo r le, qu trnh chuyn i gia cc b gi tr ci t
ny c th c thc hin do bn thn r le hoc thng qua cc tn hiu iu khin
t bn ngoi.
7
- Phn loi cc r le SIEMENS

+ H r le SIPROTEC 4: Bao gm cc r le bo v cho cp trung p ti ti
cp siu cao p (Bo v qu dng, so lch, khong cch, ...). Cc r le u l loi a
chc nng d dng ph hp vi cc iu kin c th.
Hnh 0.3. Mt r le thuc h SIPROTEC Compact
+ H r le SIPROTEC Compact: L loi c kch thc nh gn, chc nng

ca r le gn tng t nh cc r le thuc h SIPROTEC 4. R le c th truy nhp
qua cng USB pha trc mt, cc khi tn hiu vo dng v p l loi c th tho
lp c.

8
+ H r le SIPROTEC 600: Cc r le thuc h ny c gi thnh hp l hn,

thch hp s dng trong cng nghip hoc cc cng ty in lc. Cc r le ny
thng khng tch hp nhiu chc nng nh cc h r le khc.
+ H r le SIPROTEC Easy: Dng cho cc ng dng n gin, gi thnh hp
l. Qu trnh ci t thc hin bng cch gt cc cng tc la chn, khng yu cu
my tnh.
I.1.2 Gii thiu phn mm DIGSI
Vic truy cp r le c th thc hin thng qua phn mm DIGSI ca
SIEMENS, phn mm ny cho php ngi s dng c cc bn ghi, chnh sa v
chun b cc b gi tr ci t ch on/off line. Ngoi ra phn mm cn c chc
nng xut cc gi tr chnh nh sang nh dng ph hp vi thit b th nghim ca
hng Omicron.
I.2. Gii thiu v r le bo v so lch my bin p 7UT6xx
I.2.1. Gii thiu chung v r le so lch my bin p h 7UT6xx
Cu trc phn cng ca r le 7UT613/63x c minh ha trn hnh v 1.4.
Hnh 1.4. Cu trc phn cng r le 7UT613/63x

9
R le c cc u vo tn hiu dng in IL1M1 IM3L3 dng cho mc ch

bo v so lch (o lng ti 3 v tr, mi v tr c 3 pha). Ngoi ra cn c thm 3
u vo tn hiu dng in ph, c th dng cho mc ch o dng in trn dy
trung tnh ca cun u sao, hoc dng cho cc bo v qu dng c nhy cao:
Pht hin dng r rt nh t v my bin p xung t. Cc r le 7UT613/63x c
th t hng ring thm cc u vo in p phc v cho cc mc ch khc nh
pht hin hng tng qu t thng li t my bin p (Bo v V/f).
u vo/ra nh phn (Binary input): Nhn tn hiu iu khin t bn ngoi/
xut tn hiu ct my ct, tn hiu lin ng ti u i din, ...
Giao din mt trc r le: Hin th cc thng tin o lng, cc thng tin cnh
bo v s kin xy ra, trng thi ca thit b, ... Bn phm cho php truy cp cc
thng tin lu tr: Cc bn ghi s c, cc nhm ci t, thng s vn hnh. Vi cc
r le h 7UT6 th c th cho php iu khin ng/ct my ct trc tip t r le. R
le 7UT613 c mn hnh hin th 4 dng, cn 7UT633 cho php hin th c s v
c kha iu khin mt trc.
Cc cng giao tip: Giao tip vi my tnh trc tip qua cng ni tip mt
trc r le thay i cc chnh nh (Dng phn mm DIGSI). Tt c d liu c
th truyn ti h thng iu khin trung tm qua cng SYSTEM INTERFACE.
Cng SERVICE INTERFACE cho php kt ni ti my tnh (Dng DIGSI) qua
modem hoc kt ni ti thit b o nhit (RTD box hay thermal box). Cng cn
li dng cho vic ng b thi gian bng ng h GPS.
Hnh 1.5. Thit b RTD-box TR1200
Ngun cp cho r le c th l in p mt chiu hoc xoay chiu ty theo t

hng (24V 48V DC hoc 110250V AC).
I.2.2. Phm vi s dng
H r le 7UT613/63x c th s dng bo v cho:

10
- My bin p cc cp in p: Phm vi bo v c gii hn bi v tr cc

my bin dng, r le c trang b thut ton hiu chnh s dch pha do t u
dy my bin p gy ra. R le 7UT612 dng cho my bin p hai cun dy,
7UT613/633 dng cho cc my bin p ti 3 cun dy v 7UT635 dng cho my
bin p ti 5 cun dy.
- Cc ng c: R le so snh dng in trung tnh cun dy u sao v dng
cc pha.
- Cun khng b ngang hoc b dc.
- Cc ng dy ngn v cc h thng thnh gp (T 2-5 ngn l).
- Vi cc r le c trang b thm u vo in p: Phc v chc nng bo v
chng hin tng qu t thng ca li t (My bin p, cun khng).
- Chng nng bo v chng hin tng my ct t chi tc ng c th p
dng cho 2 my ct, ngi dng c th ty la chn my ct no cn p dng
chc nng ny.
I.2.3. Cc b tham s ci t
Cc tham s ci c th c chun b bng my tnh vi phn mm DIGSI sau
s upload vo r le, thay i tham s ci t trong r le bt buc phi vo mt
khu, y l mt chc nng m bo s lm vic an ton ca r le.
Parameter Group Changeover Function: Tham s ny cho php chuyn i
qua li gia cc nhm gi tr ci t (Ti a ti 4 nhm) lu tr sn trong r le.
a ch ci t 0103 Grp Chge OPTION vi hai ch : Enable (Disable): Cho
php (Khng cho php) chuyn i qua li k c trong qu trnh ang vn hnh.
Protected Object: y l mc m t v i tng c bo v bi chc nng
bo v so lch (Mt r le c th dng bo v so lch mt thit b chnh nhng
cng c th bo v thm cc phn t khc). a ch ci t 0105 PROT.
OBJECT vi cc la chn:
- PROT. OBJECT = 3 phase transf: i tng bo v l my bin p ba cun
dy.
- PROT. OBJECT = 1 phase transf: i tng bo v l my bin p mt
pha.
- PROT. OBJECT = Auto transf: i tng bo v l my bin p t ngu,
chc nng ny cng p dng vi khng b ngang. Nu s dng 3 my bin p t
ngu loi mt pha ghp thnh h thng ba pha c th thc hin vic bo v so
lch cho tng my mt pha ring bit, khi gi tr ci t s l PROT. OBJECT =
Aut tr.node.

11
- PROT. OBJECT = Generator/Motor: Khi i tng bo v l my pht

hoc ng c.
- PROT. OBJECT = Busbar: Dng khi i tng bo v l cc h thng
thanh gp vi s lng ngn l t hoc khi i tng l ng dy ngn (Khi nim
ng dy ngn y c hiu l ng vi di ca dy dn ph kt ni t bin
dng hai u ng dy ti r le m khng gy qu ti cho bin dng).
I.2.4. Chc nng bo v so lch
y l chc nng bo v chnh ca r le, do
Bng 1.1. Bt/tt chc nng Bo v so lch
a ch
0112
Tham s
DIFF. PROT
Gi tr
Enabled
Din gii
Bt chc nng bo v so lch
I.2.4.1. Nguyn l bo v so lch trong r le 7UT613/7UT63x

Bo v so lch so snh dng in i vo v i ra ca i tng c bo v.
Trong ch vn hnh bnh thng hoc khi s c ngoi: Dng in chy vo v ra
khi i tng bng nhau bo v khng tc ng. Khi xy ra s c trong vng
bo v th xy ra s mt cn bng gia dng vo/ra khi i tng bo v s tc
ng.
Hnh 1.6. Nguyn l bo v so lch vi MBA hai/ba cun dy

12
Bo v so lch c hm: Khi xy ra s c ngoi vng vi dng s c ln, do s

sai khc v c tnh t ca cc BI cc pha ca i tng c bo v (Hnh 1.6)
nn khi xy ra hin tng bo ha li t BI c th gy ra dng khng cn bng ln
chy qua r le bo v, nu dng ny ln th r le c th tc ng mc d s c
khng xy ra trong vng bo v. khc phc hin tng ny, r le s dng thut
ton bo v so lch c hm (Xem thm phn din gii chi tit trong ti liu ca
chuyn H thng r le bo v trong trm bin p - Phn c bn).
Ty theo tng hng ch to r le m cch la chn dng in hm c th khc
nhau (Tuy nhin, ngha ca vic s dng dng in hm l khng thay i). Dng
hm c tc dng m bo s lm vic n nh tin cy ca r le chng li cc tc
ng khng mong mun, do cn c tn gi l dng n nh (Istability hay Istab). Vi
r le ca SIEMENS th dng so lch l tng vec t ca cc dng in vo/ra i
tng trong khi dng hm c ly l 100% tng ln ca cc dng ny, c
r r
r
r
th I diff = I1 + I 2 v I stab = I1 + I 2 (V d i vi bo v my bin p hai cun dy).
iu kin r le tc ng l khi dng so lch ln hn mt s lng phn
trm no ca dng hm: I diff > (krestrain I stab ) trong krestrain l h s hm, h
s hm ny tng ng vi dc ca c tnh tc ng ca r le (Tham s SLOPE
trong b gi tr ci t). (V l do ny cc bo v so lch cn c tn gi ting Anh l
Percentage current differential protection)
Xt s lm vic ca r le (Tham kho h
Hnh 1.6. ):
- Ch vn hnh bnh thng hoc khi s c ngoi:
Dng in I1 i vo (Mang du dng), dng in I2 i ra khi i tng (Qui
r r
c mang du m), mt khc I1=I2, do : I diff = I1 + I 2 = I1 I 2 = 0 v
r r
I stab = I1 + I 2 = I1 + I 2 = 2 I1 Dng hm gp hai ln dng chy qua i tng,
dng so lch xp x bng 0, do r le s khng tc ng.
- Ch s c trong vng, gi thit dng s c t hai pha cp ti bng nhau:
Hai dng in s c I1 v I2 bng nhau v cng hng vi i tng bo v
r r
I diff = I1 + I 2 = I1 + I 2 = 2 I1 v
(u mang du dng), do
r r
I stab = I1 + I 2 = I1 + I 2 = 2 I1 dng so lch v dng hm bng nhau I diff = I stab
v bng tng dng ti im s c.
- Ch s c trong vng, ngun cp ch t mt pha (Pha 1): Khi I2=0

13
r r
r r
I diff = I1 + I 2 = I1 + 0 = I1 v I stab = I1 + I 2 = I1 + 0 = I1 dng so lch v
dng hm bng nhau I diff = I stab .
Nh vy, nu s dng th vi mt trc l dng hm ( I stab ) v mt trc l
dng so lch ( I diff ) th ta ca cc im ng vi s c trong vng s nm trn
mt ng thng gc 450 nh trn hnh 1.7.
Hnh 1.7. c tnh tc ng ca r le v c tnh s c
Cn lu rng cc gi tr ci t vo r le l gi tr tng i so vi dng

nh mc ca i tng c bo v (Tham s IN Obj).
I.2.4.2. c tnh tc ng ca r le
c tnh lm vic ca r le chia ra hai vng: Vng tc ng (Pha trn ng
c tnh tc ng) & vng kha (Pha di c tnh tc ng). R le s lin tc gim
st cc gi tr Idiff & IStab, ng vi mi trng thi lm vic ca i tng s c mt
cp gi tr (Idiff; IStab) tng ng, nu ta ca im lm vic ny ri vo vng tc
ng th r le s tc ng v ngc li nu ri vo vng kha.
L do c tnh tc ng ca r le c chia ra nhiu on: c tnh c
chia ra nhiu on vi dc khc nhau vi mc ch m bo cho r le lm vic
chnh xc vi mi trng thi vn hnh ca i tng c bo v: Hm tt vi cc
s c ngoi vng v m bo nhy tc ng cao vi cc s c trong vng. Vi
cc r le c v r le tnh th vic ch to c tnh vi nhiu on l rt kh khn, tuy
nhin vi r le s do thc hin bng thut ton nn vic ny hon ton kh thi.
Cc on c tnh ca r le c xc nh bng ta im u
(BASEPOINT) v dc tng ng (SLOPE - dc ca c tnh lm vic chnh
l i lng h s hm krestrain trnh by phn gii thiu khi nim bo v so
lch). Nh vy khi c tnh lm vic cng dc hn h s hm cng ln
14
vng c tnh tc ng thu hp li, vng c tnh hm (Kha) m rng ra c th

hiu rng: khi r le s m bo tc ng hm tt hn chng li cc trng hp s
c ngoi, tuy nhin vng tc ng thu hp cng c ngha l nhy tc ng ca r
le b gim i. Vn t ra l lm sao la chn c h s hm thch hp m
bo c c hai yu t: {Hm tt & vn m bo nhy tc ng}. Thc t th
vic la chn h s hm ny phi ty thuc vo i tng c th ang c bo v.
rng: Vi cch xc nh dng hm bng tng i s dng vo/ra i
r
tng I stab = I1 + I 2 th khi dng ny tng ln s biu th dng qua i tng cng
ang tng ln.
Hnh 1.8. c tnh tc ng ca r le 7UT6xx vi 4 phn on a, b, c & d
- Trng hp i tng bo v l my bin p (Tham kho thm phn cc yu

t nh hng n s lm vic ca bo v so lch my bin p trong ti liu ca
chuyn H thng r le bo v trong trm bin p - Phn c bn):
+ ch lm vic bnh thng (Dng in cha vt qu dng nh mc):
Lun c mt dng so lch nh tn ti do sai s ca cc BI, gi tr khi ng ca
on a phi t cao hn tng cc dng so lch ny, gi tr khi ng ny cn c tn
gi l dng so lch ngng thp I-DIFF> (a ch 1221) tng ng vi on a ca

c tnh trn hnh 1.8. Khng cn thit phi hm trong vng ny tng nhy tc
ng, do h s hm bng 0 (c tnh nm ngang, khng dc). Vi cc my bin
p c iu chnh u phn p th c th c thm dng so lch gy ra do vic chuyn
i u phn p. Nh sn xut khuyn co nn tng 10% gi tr ci t cho mi 10%
15
ca phm vi iu chnh u phn p. V d, gi tr ci t l 0,2, nu my bin p c

di iu chnh phn p khong 10% th gi tr ci t cui cng l 0,22:
I DIFF > = 0, 2 +
pham vi dieu chinh dau phan ap (%)

0,1 0, 2
0,1
+ Khi dng qua i tng tng ln tip qu dng nh mc (Theo chiu tng
ca trc ISTAB): Tng ng vi vic my bin p ang b qu ti, khi sai s ca
cc BI bt u tng ln v dng so lch khi ny c th vt qu gi tr ci t ca
dng so lch ngng thp (I-DIFF>), r le c th tc ng nhm. Trng hp ny
phi s dng n dng hm hm bo v, on b ca c tnh tng ng vi
trng thi lm vic ny. on b c dc ngha l bt u c tc ng hm
mt mc no ty theo dc ci t.
on b xc nh theo:
++ on ko di ca on b s i qua gc ta (BASE POINT1)
++ dc ca on c tnh ny ny thng c ly theo kinh nghim ca
nh sn xut (Mc nh SLOPE1 = 0,25) - Tuy nhin trong qu trnh vn hnh nu
r le hay b tc ng nhm th c th t tng h s hm ( dc SLOPE1) ca
on c tnh ny.
+ Khi dng in qua i tng tip tc tng ln: Tng ng vi trng thi xy
ra s c ngoi vng bo v. Do dng s c ln, cc BI c th b bo ha vi mc
khc nhau kt qu l dng so lch tng mnh - Tuy nhin do l s c ngoi nn
r le khng c php tc ng. m bo r le khng tc ng trong trng hp
ny bt buc phi tng tc ng hm on c ca c tnh c s dng p
ng yu cu trong trng hp ny. dc ca on c ln hn ca on b tng
ng vi tc ng hm c tng ln. on c c xc nh theo ta im ko
di BASE POINT2 v dc SLOPE2, cc gi tr ny thng ly theo mc nh
ca nh sn xut.
+ on d: Xc nh vng lm vic ca r le trong trng hp s c trong

vng. Khi c s c trong vng th r le phi tc ng, tng nhy ca bo v
vi trng hp s c trong vng th khng cn phi c tc ng hm on d c
dc bng 0 (nm ngang). Do khng c tc ng hm nn on d ch s dng vi
16
s c trong vng bt buc phi xc nh chnh xc khi no th s c c coi l

trong vng. Xt s n gin sau (Hnh 1.9) gm mt h thng (Qui i tng
ng v trc my bin p) v mt my bin p:
Hnh 1.9. S tnh ton xc nh s c trong vng
Dng in s c khi xy ra ngn mch ba pha trong vng c th xc nh theo:

I N( 3) =
1
. Trng hp cc oan nht v mt ln dng ngn mch l
X hethong + X bienap
khi my bin p c ni ti h thng c cng sut v cng ln Xhethong = 0,

khi : I N(3) =
1
X bienap
Trong h n v tng i vi cng sut c bn chn bng cng sut my bin

1
. T cc tnh ton trn c th thy rng khi
p th X& bienap = U k % do I N(3) =
Uk %
dng in chy qua i tng c bo v ln hn I N(3) =

lc trong vng gi tr
1
th chc chn s c
Uk %
1
ny chnh l gi tr ci t vo r le xc
Uk %
nh on d ca c tnh.
Trong cc ti liu th gi tr ny c gi l dng so lch ngng cao IDIFF>>, gi tr mc nh ca nh sn xut l 7,5 tng ng vi cc my bin p c
Uk% nh nht khong 13%, tuy nhin gi tr ny nn c tnh ton li c th theo
i tng c bo v, khng nn dng gi tr mc nh.

17
- Trng hp i tng bo v l ng dy hay thanh gp

Vi cc ng dy hoc thanh gp th dng ngn mch ngoi c th rt ln,
kh xc nh c ln dng in khi bt u s c trong vng, trong trng
hp ny gi tr dng so lch ngng cao I-DIFF>> c th t ti v cng (Lun
lun s dng tc ng hm). Vi mt s r le so lch chuyn bo v cho ng dy
th a phn c tnh tc ng thng c t phn on hn (Thng dng 2 phn
on tng t phn on a & b ca c tnh trnh by trn y).
- Trng hp c bit khc: ng c hoc h ng c - my bin p
Khi i tng c bo v c cp in, dng in khi ng c th tng
cao (c bit vi ng c) v trong mt s trng hp c lm cho bo v so lch
tc ng nhm. khc phc hin tng ny th r le 7UT6xx c trang b thm
chc nng t ng tng dng khi ng ca r le khi bt u cp in cho i
tng. pht hin khi no cn kch hot chc nng ny vic gim st dng dng
hm. Bnh thng dng hm l tng ln ca dng vo/ra i tng dng hm
ln gp 2 ln dng bnh thng ca i tng (ng c), nu gi tr dng hm o
c m nh hn gi tr bnh thng ny th c th coi l i tng cha c cp
in v khi chc nng tng dng khi ng s c kch hot. Khi chc nng
ny kch hot th ton b cc gi tr ci t ca cc on ca c tnh tc ng s
c tng ln theo mt t l ty t START-FACTOR.
Bng 1.2. Chc nng t tng dng khi ng khi ng in cho i tng c bo v
a
ch
Tham s
Gi tr/(Mc
nh)
Din gii
1205
INC.CHAR.START
ON/OFF
Bt/tt chc nng t ng

tng dng khi ng ca bo v
Ngng pht hin ch
cha ng in (Do dng hm l
tng ln ca dng vo/ra
gi tr t 0,1 tng ng vi
ngng l 0,1/2=0,05 dng danh
nh ca i tng c bo
v).
1251
I-REST. STARTUP
0.002.00
I/InO/(0.1)
1252
START-FACTOR
1.0 2.0/(1)

H s tng gi tr khi
ng cho mi on ca c tnh.
18
Lu : Dng khi ng ngng

cao khng b nh hng bi h
s nhn ny. Vi cc ng c h
s ny c th t bng 2
(Khuyn co ca nh sn xut)
1253
T START MAX
0.0 180.0/(5 sec)
Thi gian chc nng tng

gi tr khi ng c hiu lc
I.2.4.3. X l dng in th t khng khi thc hin bo v so lch

Dng in th t khng (TTK) c th gy ra tc ng nhm ca bo v i vi
cc s c chm t ngoi vng bo v. Vi cc th h r le c (Hoc tnh) th dng
th t khng c loi tr bng cch s dng bin dng trung gian vi t u dy
thch hp: Nu cun dy my bin p u Y0 th bin dng trung gian ca cun dy
c u theo s tam gic loi thnh phn dng TTK chy vo pha nh
th vo r le. Tuy nhin khi s dng phng php ny th k c vi s c chm t
trong vng th dng TTK vn b loi tr v lm gim nhy ca bo v (C th
gim ti 1/3 do dng TTK c th chim 1/3 ln dng ngn mch khi chm t
mt pha N(1)).
Vi loi r le s 7UT6xx th vic ny c x l linh hot hn rt nhiu ty
theo vic c BI o dng in chy qua trung tnh cun dy u Y0 hay khng. Xt
cc trng hp sau:
- My bin p c t u dy Y/; / hoc Y/Y (Trung tnh hai pha cch
in): Khng c thnh phn dng TTK chy vo bt c cun dy no khi c s c
chm t ngoi vng r le khng cn phi thc hin thut ton x l dng TTK.
Hnh 1.10. My bin p c t u dy sao/tam gic
- My bin p c cun u sao, trung tnh ni t (Y0) v c sn BI trung tnh:

19
Hnh 1.11. Phn b dng khi c s c chm t ngoi vng

(BI trung tnh c sn)
Khi xy ra s c chm t ngoi vng, dng in c th i vo trong cun Y0,

do c t BI trung tnh cun dy nn dng TTK qua trung tnh ny s t cn bng
vi dng TTK trn cc pha bo v s khng tc ng nhm (Hnh 1.11.). u
im ca vic c BI trung tnh l dng TTK s c t loi tr vi s c ngoi v
khi c s c trong vng bo v s khng phi loi tr dng TTK s c nhy
cao hn.
s dng tnh nng ny cc a ch t 12111215 t l YES
{DIFFw.IE1 DIFFw.IE5-MEAS = YES}
- My bin p c cun u Y0, khng c BI trung tnh: Trong trng hp ny
bt buc phi loi tr dng TTK bng thut ton nhy ca bo v c th gim
~ 30% do dng TTK c thm chim ti 1/3 dng s c (Khi s c mt pha chm t
N(1)).
- Cc kt lun trn hon ton tng t cho my bin p t ngu: My bin p
t ngu lun c t u dy Y(N)y0, do vic c/khng loi tr dng TTK ty
thuc vo vic c t BI trung tinh hay khng.
Hnh 1.12. Vng hm b sung trn r le 7UT6xx
I.2.4.4. Hm b sung (Add-on Stabilization)

20
Vi cc h thng c dng in ngn mch ln mc bo ha ca cc BI

khc nhau dng so lch ln c th lm bo v tc ng nhm. R le 7UT6xx s
dng s dng chc nng hm b sung ngn nga s tc ng nhm ca bo v
khi xy ra s c ngoi vng.
Vng hm b sung c xc nh bi ngng dng hm I-ADD ON STAB
(a ch 1261 - gi tr mc nh l 4) v dc bng vi dc ca on c tnh b
(SLOPE1).
Hnh 1.13. Dng in th cp khi BI b bo ha
Nguyn tc hot ng ca chc nng hm b sung: Khi xy ra s c ngn

mch ngoi vng vi dng ngn mch ln, gi thit trng hp xu nht (Trng
hp s gy ra dng so lch ln nht) l mt BI gn im ngn mch s b bo ha,
BI cn li hot ng tt. Din bin ca dng in pha th cp ca cc BI th hin
trn Hnh 1.13..
- Ngay khi s c xy ra (Chu k u tin): Dng s c tng vt dng th
cp ca hai BI tng t l theo. Sau BI pha th cp ca my bin p (Gn im
s c ) b bo ha: dng in th cp do BI ny sinh ra b mo, nhn u (ng
mu vng cam), vi BI khng b bo ha dng in do n sinh ra vn l hnh sin
(ng mu hng m). Do c s sai lch v dng th cp gia hai BI xut hin
dng so lch vi bin ln (ng mu xanh l).
- Sau giai on qu ban u, dng s c gim xung n dng ngn mch
n nh ( I ), khi cc BI c th khng b bo ha na v dng so lch cng gim
dn.
- Theo phn tch trn, im lm vic ca r le s di chuyn theo qu o
ABC nh biu din trn hnh 1.14. Ban u cha s c, dng so lch nh, dng
hm ln im lm vic l im A. Ngay khi s c xy ra: dng hm tng, dng
so lch cha tng, im lm vic di chuyn t AB, ri vo vng hm b sung.
21
Sau BI b bo ha: dng so lch tng vt ln im lm vic di chuyn t BC

v c th ri vo vng tc ng ca r le.
Hnh 1.14. S di chuyn ca im lm vic khi c s c ngoi v bo ha BI
R le c trang b vng hm b sung s kha s tc ng ca r le khi im

lm vic ri vo vng ny ngn chn s lm vic sai. Ngc li, vi trng hp
s c trong vng xy ra th im lm vic lun di chuyn t A v ri lun vo
ng c tnh s c (Khng i qua vng hm b sung), r le s lun tc ng,
khng b kha. Thi gian hm b sung c hiu lc kha r le thng c ci t
tnh theo chu k dng in tn s 50Hz. Chc nng ny s t ng c gii tr nu
im lm vic ri vo gn ng c tnh s c v khng di chuyn trong khong
thi gian ln hn 1 chu k (im lm vic ri vo hoc gn c tnh s c & khng
di chuyn chng t c s c trong vng, cn phi v hiu chc nng hm b
sung r le c th hot ng bnh thng).
Chc nng hm b sung hot ng vi tng pha, tuy nhin lnh kha
(Blocking) r le c th a ra vi c 3 pha, y l chc nng hm cho (CROSSB.
ADD ON) ca r le.
I.2.4.5. Hm theo sng hi khi ng xung kch my bin p (Harmonic Restraint)
Chc nng hm theo sng hi ch s dng c khi i tng c bo v l
my bin p. Chc nng ny c s dng ngn chn vic tc ng nhm ca
bo v khi ng xung kch my bin p. Chc nng ny khng c tc dng i vi
bo v so lch ngng cao (I-DIFF>>).
Khi phn tch dng t ha xung kch theo cc thnh phn sng hi c th thy
rng thnh phn sng hi bc 2 lun tn ti trong cc dng sng ca dng t ha
xung kch. Cc l do s dng thnh phn sng hi bc 2 (Bc chn) hm bo v
so lch gm c:
22
- Dng t ha xung kch (Qu ) lun cha thnh phn sng hi bc 2

- Dng s c khng cha thnh phn sng hi bc 2 v cc sng hi bc chn
- Dng t ha ch xc lp c th b mo sng do li t bo ha, tuy nhin
dng ny cng khng cha cc thnh phn sng hi bc chn.
T c th thy rng, thnh phn sng hi bc 2 l c trng ring bit ca
dng t ha xung kch s dng thnh phn sng hi bc 2 ny t ng hm
bo v so lch khi ng khng ti my bin p. Hon ton tng t vi chc nng
hm b sung, c th s dng tnh nng hm cho vi chc nng hm theo sng hi.
I.2.4.6. Hm theo sng hi khi xy ra hin tng qu kch t li thp ca my bin
p.
Khi li t ca my bin p b qu kch t (Over-excitation), dng in cc
pha ca my bin p c hnh dng khng ging nhau, r le c th tc ng nhm.
Cc phn tch cho thy rng, khi xy ra qu kch t, dng in b mo dng sng
th thnh phn sng hi tn ti ch yu trong dng in lc ny l thnh phn bc l
3 & 5. Thnh phn sng hi bc 3 thng b loi tr trong my bin p (Do cun
u tam gic), nn thnh phn sng hi bc 5 thng c s dng.
Cc r le 7UT6xx c trang b chc nng hm theo ln ca thnh phn
sng hi bc 3 & 5 ny (a ch 1207 RESTR. n.HARM).
I.2.5. Chc nng bo v chng chm t hn ch 87N (Restricted Earth FaultREF)
Chc nng ny p dng ch bo v cc cun dy c trung tnh ni t trc
tip i vi cc s c chm t c tn gi l bo v chng chm t hn ch
(Hnh 1.15. ). iu kin bt buc l phi c BI o dng chy qua dy trung tnh ni
t ca cun dy, chc nng ny khng p dng i vi bo v thanh gp.
Hnh 1.15. Chc nng bo v chng chm t hn ch
I.2.5.1. Nguyn l hot ng

a) Ch bnh thng

23
Khng c dng chy qua dy trung tnh v tng dng ba pha bng 0 dng
so lch TTK a vo r le bng 0 r le khng tc ng.
b) Ch s c chm t trong vng
S c dng TTK chy qua BI pha trung tnh my bin p, ty theo ch ni
t ca h thng c th c/khng c dng TTK chy qua cc BI pha (ng nt t
trn hnh 1.16). Dng in chy qua r le 87N l tng vector ca hai dng in ny,
mt khc hai dng in (Dng qua trung tnh v dng pha) c gc pha c th xp x
nhau dng qua r le c gi tr ln r le s tc ng.
Hnh 1.16. Phn b dng khi c s c chm t trong vng
c) Ch s c chm t ngoi vng
Hnh 1.17. Phn b dng khi c s c chm t ngoi vng
Dng in chy qua dy trung tnh v dng TTK trn ba pha c gi tr bng
nhau tng dng a vo r le bng 0 v r le s khng tc ng (Hnh 1.17. ).
I.2.5.2. Nguyn l hm trong bo v chng chm t hn ch
Khi s c pha-pha (Khng chm t xy ra), cc BI trn pha s c c th b
bo ha khc vi BI trn pha cn li xut hin dng in khng cn bng t pha
cc BI pha hin tng ny phn no tng t nh trng hp s c trong vng.
Nu khng c bin php hm thch hp th r le c th tc ng nhm. Nguyn l
hm p dng trong bo v chng chm t hn ch hon ton khc vi phng php
p dung trong bo v so lch 87T: vic hm s dng c ln v gc pha ca dng
in.
I.2.6. Chc nng bo v qua dng pha/ qu dng chm t
I.2.6.1. Gii thiu
24
Chc nng bo v qu dng trong r le 7UT6xx l chc nng bo v d

phng. c tnh thi gian tc ng c th la chn l c tnh c lp DT, thi gian
tc ng khng ph thuc vo ln dng s c (Definite Time) hoc c tnh ph
thuc IT (Inverse Time). c tnh thi gian ph thuc c th la chn theo tiu
chun IEC hay ANSI hoc ngi s dng c th t t c tnh tc ng theo yu
cu ca i tng c th (xem thm phn ti liu ca lp c bn v phng trnh
ca cc dng c tnh).
Phm vi khuyn co s dng ca cc loi c tnh:
- Standard Inverse (SI): c tnh dc tiu chun c th s dng trong hu ht
cc trng hp cn phi gia cc bo v, nu c tnh ny khng p ng c v
mt phi hp gia cc bo v th phi xem xt n cc c tnh tip theo nh VI hay
EI.
- Very Inverse (VI): c tnh rt dc thch hp s dng khi ln dng in
s c dc ng dy (Cn c bo v) thay i mnh khi im s c gi thit di
chuyn t u ti cui ng dy.
- Extremely Inverse (EI): c tnh cc k dc c thi gian tc ng t l
nghch vi bnh phng ca dng in. c tnh ny thch hp s dng vi cc
ng dy mang cc ti c dng khi ng t bin thi im u v d nh t
lnh, my bm, ng c ln...c tnh ny cng thch hp phi hp vi cc cu
ch hoc cc thit b t ng li
- Definite Time (DT): c tnh c lp thch hp s dng bo v cc ng
dy m dng ngn mch thay i mnh do cng sut ngn mch ca ngun thay i.
I.2.6.2. Chc nng bo v khi ng my ct bng tay
Hnh 1.18. Chc nng BV khi ng my ct bng tay
Khi ng my ct bng tay, nu gp s c th nn thc hin ct i tng cng

nhanh cng tt. Chc nng bo v khi ng my ct bng tay tng tc bo v qu
dng bng cch tm thi t thi gian tc ng ca bo v qu dng v 0 giy.
Chc nng ny c kch hot da trn tn hiu t kha iu khin my ct a ti
u vo nh phn ca r le hoc khi c tn hiu ng my ct t bn thn r le pht
ra. S hnh 1.18 m t logic hot ng ca chc nng ny.
I.2.6.3. Kha bo v khi ngxung kch my bin p

25
Hon ton tng t vi chc nng bo v so lch, nu bo v qu dng c

s dng pha ngun cp ti my bin p th cn phi c bin php kha bo v
ny khi ng xung kch my bin p do dng xung kch ny c th tng ln gp
nhiu ln dng danh nh. Chc nng hm bo v khi ng xung kch my bin p
cng da trn t l ca thnh phn sng hi bc 2 trong thnh phn dng in o
c.
I.2.6.4. Chc nng bo v khi xy ra hin tng ti khi ng ng thi (Dynamic
Cold-load Pickup)
Khi ph ti c cp in tr li, tt c cc ti u khi ng, nu trong thnh
phn ti c cc ng c th dng in khi ng c th tng cao cc bo v qu
dng c th tc ng nhm. R le 7UT6xx c chc nng Dynamic Cold-load
Pickup ngn nga tnh trng ny, chc nng ny p dng cho c bo v qu
dng pha & qu dng TTK.
C ch hot ng ca chc nng ny nh sau: khi pht hin ra ti (My ct)
b ct ra th chc nng ny s t ng c kch hot (Sau khong thi gian ngng
cp in di CB Open Time, nu thi gian ngng cp in qu ngn th khng
cn thit phi kch hot chc nng ny do cc ti vn cn ang quay do qun tnh
nn dng m my tr li khng ln). Khi chc nng ny c kch hot n s t
ng tng dng khi ng ca bo v ln trnh hin tng tc ng nhm. Chc
nng ny s t ng c gii tr sau mt khong thi gian nht nh, khi cc
gi tr khi ng ca bo v s tr v bnh thng. Thi gian gii tr chc nng ny
c th t ng c rt ngn nu dng o c gim di gi tr khi ng bnh
thng ca bo v.
Hnh 1.19. Chc nng Cold Load Pickup

26
Hnh 1.19 m t phng thc hot ng ca chc nng ny.

Mt im quan trng i vi chc nng ny l nguyn l pht hin khi no
ti b ct in, c hai phng php c s dng trong r le 7UT6xx:
- S dng tip im ph ca my ct, a tn hin ti u vo nh phn ca r
le.
- Gim st dng in chy qua i tng xc inh khi no ti b ct in.
I.2.6.5. Chc nng bo v qu dng th t nghch (Unbalaced Load Protection I2>
hoc 46)
Chc nng bo v ny pht hin hng tng mt cn bng ti. Chc nng
ny cng c s dng pht hin tng mt pha ti ti, s c khng i xng
hoc hin tng u sai cc tnh my bin dng.
Dng th t nghch cn c s dng bo v chng qu ti (ng c) khi
xy ra hin tng mt cn bng.
Chc nng bo v qu dng TTN cn c dng lm bo v d phng cho cc
bo v qu dng pha, c bit vi trng hp s c hai pha. Khi s c hai pha
(N(2)), c th xy ra trng hp dng s c nh hn c dng khi ng ca bo v
qu dng thng thng, khi cc bo v ny s khng khi ng c, tuy nhin
do bo v qu dng TTN c dng khi ng rt b nn hon ton c nhy
pht hin cc s c ny.
I.2.7. Bo v chng qu ti nhit (Thermal Overload Protection - 49)
Chc nng ny s dng bo v cc phn t ca h thng in khi b qu
nhit khi dng ti tng cao. Chc nng ny c th p dng bo v cho bt c
cun dy no ca my bin p (Thng s cho cun dy c cng sut ln nht).
Nguyn l hot ng: C 3 phng php c s dng trong r le 7UT6xx,
ngi s dng c th chn mt trong cc phng php ny.
a) Phng php hnh nh nhit khng tnh ti nh hng ca nhit mi
trng bn ngoi: Phng php ny coi c my bin p l mt i tng ng nht,
dng in chy qua s gy ra mt nhit lng tng t l vi bnh phng dng in
chy qua i tng. Nhit lng ny s chia ra hai phn: mt phn ta nhit vo
mi trng, mt phn lm tng nhit ca bn thn i tng, t phn ca hai nhit
lng ny ph thuc vo phng thc lm mt, hnh dng, vt liu..ca i tng
c bo v. V d: vi cc my bin p nh, lm mt t nhin th phn nhit lng
ta ra mi trng s chim phn nh, cn li s gy pht nng v ngc li vi my
bin p c h thng lm mt cng bc. Nh vy, nhit ca i tng tng
nhanh hay chm cng ph thuc vo kt cu, hnh dng, lm mt, ... v n c c
trng bi mt h s gi l hng s qun tnh nhit
th (Hng s ny c th tnh ton

27
c - qui trnh tnh ton c th hin chi tit trong hng dn s dng r le).
Trnh t tnh ton nhit s l: Bit dng in chy qua i tng tnh c
nhit lng ta ra bit
th tnh c nhit ca i tng.
Thc t do khng bit nhit c th ca i tng nn r le ch c th tnh

c tng nhit ca i tng so vi nhit chun. Nhit chun y
c r le coi l nhit ln nht cho php ng vi ti cho php lin tc ln nht
ca my bin p. Phng trnh vi phn tnh ton tng nhit nh sau:
d 1
1 1
+ =
dt th
th k I Nobj
Trong : - mc tng nhit so vi nhit chun ca i tng (Bao

nhiu % ca nhit cho php cui cng)
k- h s th hin dng in ln lin tc ln nht cho php ca i tng, nu
khng c thng s th c th ly k=1,1.
tng nhit ca i tng tnh theo phng trnh trn s l mt hm m.
Chc nng ny thng c hai cp bo v: cp cnh bo ng vi gi tr alarm v cp
th hai ng vi end s ct ti ca my bin p trnh h hng.
b) Phng php hnh nh nhit c k ti nh hng ca nhit mi trng
bn ngoi: Phng php ny da trn nguyn l ca phng php hnh nh nhit
n thun k trn, im khc bit y l nhit mi trng xung quanh s c
k ti trong phng trnh tnh ton tng nhit. Nhit mi trng xung quanh
(Thc ra l nhit ca mi cht lm mt) s c o bi cc cm bin, c th t
ti 12 im o v thng qua b RTD kt ni chuyn gi tr vo r le, ngi s dng
s la chn nhit ca mt trong cc im ny a vo tnh ton.
c) Phng php da theo nhit im nng v c tnh ton tc gi ha
cch in: Phng php ny da vo thng tin do cc cm bin nhit t i
tng c bo v a v. R le 7UT6xx c th qun l ti 12 im o, tuy nhin,
ch s dng gi tr ca mt im o tnh ton mc qu ti v gi ha ca i
tng. Thng nhit ca mi cht lm mt pha trn gn mt my c s
dng do y l khu vc c nhit cao nht.
R le s da vo phng thc lm mt ca my bin p, nhit cao nht ca
mi cht lm mt (Du my bin p), dng in chy qua cun dy tnh ton
nhit cun dy (Nhit theo C), phng thc bo v ny cng c hai
ngng nhit : cnh bo v tc ng.

28
Tui th ca cch in c tnh ton da theo nhit chun 980C, khi nhit
ca cun dy khc vi nhit ny th tui th ca cch in cng thay i: nu
nhit cao hn 980C th tui th cch in gim i v ngc li. H r le 7UT6xx
tnh ton tc gi ha cch in da theo nhit thc t o c. Tc gi ha
y l t s gia mc gi ha ti nhit ang tnh c v ti 980 C. Tc
gi ha trung bnh thng c tnh trong mt khong thi gian no .
I.2.8. Bo v chng qu t thng li thp (OverexcitationProtection- 24)
Chc nng bo v chng qu kch t hay qu t thng c nhim v pht hin
hin tng qu t thng trong li t ca my pht in hoc my bin p, bo v
ny c s dng ph bin vi cc my bin p theo s ni b my pht-my
bin p. Hin tng qu t thng li t c th xy ra khi:
- in p h thng b tng cao (V d: My pht b mt ti t ngt, b iu
chnh kch t khng vn hnh hoc tc phn ng chm dn n qu p)
- Tn s h thng gim thp (V d: Trong qu trnh khi ng t my, tc
my pht tng dn dn, b kch t hot ng gi in p u cc ngng nh
mc)
Hnh 1.20.
Khi hin tng qu t thng xy ra, li t khng th mang thm t thng t

thng bt buc phi mc vng, tn qua cc kt cu kim loi ln cn gy pht nng
qu mc. s dng chc nng ny bt buc phi c tn hiu in p a vo r le,
in p dy ln nht trong ba pha s c s dng.
Do cc hin tng qu t thng qu khng gy nguy him nn vi hin
tng ny c th s dng bo v c tr bo v. Thng thng bo v vi c tnh

29
thi gian ph thuc c s dng, bo v s khi ng khi t s V/f vt ngng

ci t.
I.2.9. Bo v chng hin tng my ct t chi tc ng (Circuit Breaker Failure
Protection - 50BF)
Chc nng bo v ny m bo lun loi tr c s c mc nhanh nht
d my ct ti ch s c b hng.
Nguyn tc hot ng: Khi bt c bo v no tc ng s ng thi gi tn
hiu n {My ct tng ng & b m thi gian ca chc nng 50BF}. trng
thi bnh thng, my ct s ct sau khong thi gian qui nh v dng in chy
qua i tng s b ct b m thi gian ca 50BF s tr v. Nu sau mt
khong thi gian m my ct khng c ct, dng in khng gim i th b m
thi gian ca 50BF s tip tc m ht thi gian ci t, sau gi lnh ct ti
my ct cp trn ln cn.
Hnh 1.21. S nguyn l chc nng 50BF
Vi cc bo v khng da trn tn hiu dng in (Bo v qu t thng, bo v

Bucholz) th vic da trn dng in xc nh my ct ct hay cha l khng
tin cy, trong cc trng hp r le c th s dng trng thi tip im ph ca
my ct. Cc r le h 7UT6xx c th s dng c hai cch gim st ny (Gim st
dng in hoc trng thi tip im ph).
S nguyn l ca chc nng 50BF c th hin trn hnh 1.21.

30
I.2.10. Chc nng gim st trong r le

Chc nng gim st trong r le bao gm: Gim st trng thi phn cng, hot
ng ca phn mm trong r le & Gim st cc i lng o c (Dng in, in
p).
I.2.10.1. Gim st phn cng & phn mm ca r le
Chc nng ny s gim st in p ca ngun nui r le v gim st in p
lm vic ca b vi x l. Chc nng ny cn gim st in p ca pin trong r le,
gim st s hot ng ca b nh. S hot ng ca phn mm trong r le cng lin
tc c gim st, nu c hin tng bt thng xy ra th ton b r le c th s
khi ng li. Nu sau 3 ln khi ng li (Trong vng 30 giy) m li phn mm
vn khng c gii tr th r le s b kha.
I.2.10.2. Gim st mc i xng ca dng in & in p vn hnh
ch hot ng bnh thng, dng in 3 pha thng tng i i xng.
R le c chc nng gim st v pht hin hin tng mt i xng dng in thng
qua i lng
I min
I max
, nu gi tr ny nh hn ngng cho php th tng ng vi
trng thi dng in pha ln nht lch qu mc so vi dng in pha nh

nht. Chc nng ny khi hot ng s a ra tn hiu cnh bo Fail I balance.
Hon ton tng t, r le c chc nng gim st mc mt cn bng in p vi
cnh bo Fail U balance.
I.2.10.3. Gim st mch in p t my bin in p
Nguyn l: Chc nng ny so snh tng in p ba pha vi in p o c ti
cun tam gic h ca my bin in p. ch bnh thng, cun tam gic h
cung cp thnh phn in p TTK cn tng in p ba pha cng a ra gi tr tng
t. Nu hai gi tr o lng ny lch nhau c vn trong mch in t my bin
in p. Thng bo do r le a ra ng vi trng thi ny l Fail U Ph-E.
I.2.10.4. Gim st hin tng h mch dng do t dy
Khi xy ra hin tng h mch dng, bo v so lch c th hot ng nhm,
mt khc h mch dng ca CT c th gy ra hin tng qu p nguy him mch
nh th.
Nguyn l hot ng: chc nng ny lin tc gim st gi tr tc thi ca dng
in, nu dng in thay i khc vi gi tr mong mun v khi dng in suy gim
tc thi ti 0 hoc khng ghi nhn c thi im dng in qua 0 l ch du
ca s c t dy mch dng CT. Chc nng ny ch hot ng c khi c
dng in qua r le (Thit b), trng hp t mch dng ng thi im dng in
qua 0 th r le c th cng khng pht hin c.
I.2.10.5. Pht hin hin tng h mch p ca my bin in p (VT) - t cu ch
31
Khi mch p b ngn mch hoc h mch in p cp ti r le b st gim

cc chc nng bo v c dng n tn hiu in p c th b tc ng nhm (V
d: Bo v thp p, bo v da theo chiu cng sut). Chc nng ny ch p dng
cho r le 7UT613 & 7UT633 (R le 7UT635 khng c u vo in p)
Nguyn l hot ng: Hin tng t cu ch gy mt p mch p c th pht
hin theo logic: {in p mt i xng & dng in vn i xng}. S mt i
xng ca in p c pht hin da theo ln ca in p TTN (U2), dng in
c gi thit l i xng nu dng TTN v TTK (I2 & I0) nm di ngng cho
php. Tuy nhin nu trong qu trnh cc chc nng bo v da theo in p ang b
kha m thnh phn dng (I2 & I0) vt ngng cho php th l ch bo ca s
c tht v r le s gii tr cc tn hiu kha ny v hot ng nh bnh thng. Hnh
1.22. m t chc nng gim st cu ch mch p ca r le.
Hnh 1.22. Chc nng gim st cu ch mch p
I.2.10.6. Pht hin hin tng ngn mch ba pha mch p

Chc nng ny pht hin hin tng ngn mch ba pha ti mch p v gy st
gim in p cp vo r le. C th phn bit hin tng ngn mch mch p (Nh
th) vi ngn mch pha s cp (Nht th): Khi xy ra hin tng ny th dng in
o c khng tng t bin.
Nguyn l: Bo v s tc ng kha chc nng bo v da theo in p khi
- Tt c in p ba pha nh hn mt ngng cho php
- Khng c s tng t bin ca dng in o c (Hoc tc tng dng
in nh hn mt mc cho php)

32
- Dng in trn 3 pha ang ln hn mt ngng nh nht cho php (Chc

nng bo v khong cch ch xc nh c tng tr nu dng in ln hn mt
ngng cho php ti thiu no )
I.2.10.7. Gim st mch ct (Trang b cho r le 7UT613/63x) (Trip Circuit
Supervision - 74)
Do mch ct my ct nm ngoi r le v i qua nhiu khu: Cu ch, cu ni,
tip im r le, tip im ph my ct, dy ni, hng kp, ... nn rt phc tp, kt
hp v mc quan trng ca vic ct my ct nn cn s dng chc nng gim st
mch ct ny. Ni mt cch khc, chc nng ny gim st s thng mch cho mch
ct ca my ct. Nu mch ct thng, s c mt dng in rt nh chy qua n, nu
mch ct b t, dng in ny s mt r le s cnh bo v s c mch ct. Dng
in chy qua mch ct ny c tnh ton nh (C mA, v d 1,4mA vi loi r
le 7PA30 ca SIEMENS) khng lm cun ct tc ng.
Nguyn l hot ng ca chc nng ny nh sau: R le gim st c th bao
gm mt hoc hai r le ph loi thng ng, ng chm (Khi mt in tip im
s ng). Khi hai r le ny u tc ng (Mt in) th chc nng gim st c
kch hot v s a ra cnh bo.
Hnh 1.23. Phn b dng gim st khi my ct ng
- Khi my ct trng thi ng (Hnh 1.23): Tip im 52a ca my ct

ang ng, 52b ang m, tip im r le bo v ang m dng in gim st tn
ti v chy lin tc qua mch ct theo ng mu xanh v hng mi tn . Trng
thi cc r le v chc nng gim st th hin bng 1.3.

33
Bng 1.3. Bng trng thi cc r le ca r le gim st mch ct
R le ph
12
34
C/khng in Tip im
C
Khng
R le gim
st
Ghi ch
Mch ct thng
mch (Tt)
0
1
Khi mt in thao tc cp cho mch ct, c hai r le ph u tr v, ng tip

im r le gim st s tc ng cnh bo.
Hnh 1.24. Phn b dng gim st khi my ct ang ct
- Khi my ct ang trong qu trnh ct (Hnh 1.24): Khi r le bo v tc ng

(ng tip im u ra) s gi tn hiu n ct my ct, trong qu trnh ct my ct
c th xy ra hin tng chuyn tip: C hai tip im 52a & 52b cng trng thi
nh biu din trn s hnh 1.24. Khi c tip im u ra ca r le bo v v tip
im ph ca my ct u ng th khng c dng gim st chy qua r le gim st,
nu r le gim st l loi tc ng tc thi s a ra cnh bo (Sai). trnh
cnh bo nhm khi ct my ct th cc loi r le gim st ny thng hot ng c
thi gian tr ln hn thi gian ct my ct tng ng.
- Khi my ct trong trng thi m (Hnh 1.25): Dng gim st vn tn ti
nhng i qua c hai r le ph hai r le ph u c in r le gim st s
khng tc ng.

34
Hnh 1.25. Phn b dng gim st khi my ct m
- Kt lun: Vi s nguyn l ny th trong mi trng thi ca my ct s

lun c dng gim gim st mch ct.
Chc nng gim st mch ct trong r le 7UT6xx:
y khng phi l mt r le ring l m l mt chc nng c tch hp vo
trong r le 7UT6xx, ty theo s lng tn hiu u vo c sn m chc nng ny c
th thc hin theo cc s khc nhau:
Hnh 1.26. S gim st mch ct s dng hai tn hiu
- S s dng hai tn hiu u vo:

Phng thc u ni ca s ny th hin trn hnh 1.26. Mt u tn hiu
vo r le ly t tip im u ra ca r le bo v, u vo th hai ly t tip im
ph my ct (Aux1: ng & Aux2: M, my ct v trng thi ng). S ny
hon ton tng t nh phn tch trn. Ty theo trng thi ca tip im r le
bo v & my ct m in p a vo u vo nh phn s l hai trng thi cao hoc
thp (Bng 0V) tng ng vi logic 1 hoc 0. Cc trng thi hot ng ca s
th hin trn bng 1.4.
35
Bng 1.4. Bng trng thi
Bng trng thi cho thy, ch bnh thng ch c duy nht mt trng
hp s (3) l c hai u vo u mc thp khi my ct ang trong qu trnh ct v
r le c th bo ng nhm. khc phc th r le 7UT6xx s lin tc kim tra
trng thi hai u vo ny (Cch nhau khong 500ms, c lm tr ln hn thi gian
ct my ct) v nu sau 3 ln kim tra lin tc pht hin li th r le mi pht tn
hiu cnh bo.
Khi c s c xy ra (Mt ngun in thao tc, h mch ct, ...) c hai u vo
u trng thi thp (0V) duy tr r le s cnh bo v s khng thng mch ct
ny.
S ny s dng c hai tn hiu u vo (T r le bo v & my ct) nn
c u im l c th gim st mch ct k c khi my ct ang trng thi ct
hoc ng.
Hnh 1.27 th hin logic hot ng ca chc nng gim st mch ct trong r
le 7UT6xx
Hnh 1.27. Logic ca chc nng gim st mch ct
- S dng mt tn hiu u vo
S ny s dng khi r le ch cn mt cng vo dnh cho chc nng gim
st mch ct. Tip im ph my ct c ni tt bi mt in tr R c gi tr ln
nh miu t trong hnh 1.28.

36
Hnh 1.28. S gim st mch ct s dng mt tn hiu
Nguyn l hot ng ca s nh sau: Ch bnh thng, mch gim st

lun c thng bng in tr R hoc tip im ph my ct. Tuy nhin khi r le
bo v tc ng, tip im u ra (TR) ang ng th khng c dng gim st chy
qua r le v chc nng ny c th tc ng nhm, trnh iu ny th qu trnh
kim tra mch ct din ra cch nhau khong 500ms hoc thm ch lu hn (30 giy),
lnh cnh bo ch a ra sau 3 ln kim tra lin tip khng thnh cng.
I.3. Gii thiu v r le bo v my pht in 7UM62x
I.3.1. Gii thiu chung v bo v my pht in
Cc thng tin cn thit thit k mt h thng bo v cho my pht in c
th bao gm: S mt si ca nh my, v tr ca cc bin p o lng (U & I),
thng s ca cc thit b ny (Cng sut danh nh, cp chnh xc, h s gii hn,
khong cch ti t bng, thng s thit b ng ct. Thm vo , phc v chc
nng bo v chng chm t cn cung cp thng tin v cc h thng cng u ni
vo thanh gp in p my pht (Nu c).
La chn s phng thc c th bo v cho my pht in ty thuc vo
mc quan trng ca nh my & tng quan vi chi ph cho h thng bo v.
Khng c tiu chun c th v s phng thc bo v, tuy nhin c cc khuyn
co v cc chc nng bo v ti thiu nn trang b nh trnh by trong bng 1.5,
nhn chung cc chc nng bo v c tng cng khi cng sut my pht in
tng ln.

37
Bng 1.5. Cc chc nng bo v nn s dng (O: Ty chn, X: Nn dng, Y: Thy in tch nng)
Khi thit k h thng bo v, mt yu t quan trng cn tnh ti l tnh d

phng. Nguyn tc n-1 thng c s dng, ngha l h thng phi c thit k
sao cho s hng hc ca mt phn t khng gy dng s hot ng ca ton b h
thng bo v. Vi cc nh my in, thng cu trc d phng c s dng ph
bin.
- Phng thc d phng mt phn: Cn s dng t nht hai h thng r le bo
v m bo h hng ca mt h thng khng lm mt ton b h thng bo v.
Cc bo v c th s dng chung cc bin p o lng, chung ngun nui v cc
my ct c th ch c mt cun ct (Hnh 1.29).
Hnh 1.29. D phng mt phn

38
- Phng thc d phng y : Tt c cc phn t quan trng u c d

phng, v d: S dng cc bin p o lng ring bit, hai h thng bo v ton
phn, ngun nui r le ring bit, cc tn hiu ct cng i theo cc h thng khc
nhau (Hnh 1.30). Chc nng ca hai h thng r le c th ging nhau hoc thm
ch khc nhau v nguyn l bo v (V d: Mt r le c th da theo in p trung
tnh bo v 90% cun dy stato khi xy ra chm t, r le cn li c th hot
ng da trn nguyn l bm dng tn s thp thc hin cng chc nng bo v
ny hoc tng t s dng nguyn l tng tr thp v so lch dng in bo v
cho cun dy stato).
Hnh 1.30. D phng y
Khi h thng bo v hot ng, ty theo s c m tn hiu ct s c gi n

cc my ct khc nhau (My ct u cc, my ct kch t, h thng van dng khn
cp, my ct pha cao p, my ct h thng t dng, ph ti a phng, cc h
thng hm dng, ...). Do tnh cht phc tp ca h thng ny nn thng s dng r
le ma trn ct nhn tn hiu v gi n cc my ct tng ng. Hnh 1.31 gii
thiu r le thc hin tnh nng ma trn ct 7UW50 ca SIEMENS.
Hnh 1.31. R le ma trn ct 7UW50

39
I.3.2. Gii thiu chung v r le bo v my pht h 7UM62x
Hnh 1.32. Bo v MF dng r le 7UM6xx
Cu trc phn cng ca r le tng t nh ca r le 7UT6xx c gii

thiu ti mc I.2. R le c s ch yu bo v cho my pht (Ni qua thanh gp
in p my pht hoc theo s ni b MF- MBA) nh th hin trn hnh 1.32.
Thm vo , r le 7UM62x cn c thm chc nng bo v so lch v bo v qu
dng thch hp cho cc my bin p, cc ng c ng b hoc khng ng b c
ln, r le hon ton tng thch vi phn mm DIGSI. Cc chc nng chnh ca r
le gm c:
- Bo v qu dng c/khng c kha/hm in p thp
- Bo v chng qu ti (49) - Tng t nh trnh by ti mc I.2.7.
- Bo v qa dng th t nghch (46)
- Bo v qu dng khi khi ng t my
- Bo v so lch (87) cho my pht, my bin p, ng c; Bo v so lch th
t khng
- Bo v mt kch t & qu kch t
- Bo v dng cng sut ngc v gim st dng cng sut pht.
- Bo v theo tng tr (21)
- Bo v chng trt cc t (Out of step)
- Bo v chng thp p & qu p
- Bo v tn s cao & thp; bo v theo tc bin thin tn s
40
- Bo v chng chm t 90% cun dy stato

- Bo v chng chm t nhy cao
- Bo v chng chm t 100% cun dy stato
- Bo v chng chm chp gia cc vng dy
- Bo v chng chm t cun dy roto
- Bo v chng ng in my pht khng mong mun (Inadvertent
Energizing Protection)
Trong cc phn tip theo s khng gii thiu ton b m ch cc chc nng
bo v tng i c trng v phc tp ca r le ny.
I.3.3. Chc nng bo v qu dng vi c tnh c lp (I> hoc F50, F51)
Chc nng bo v qu dng dng lm bo v d phng cho i tng c
bo v hoc cc ng dy, my bin p cp di lin k.
Vi cc my pht in ly in p kch t ca u cc, khi xy ra ngn mch
gn th in p u cc st gim dng in ngn mch b gim i, thm ch gim
thp di ngng khi ng ca cc bo v qu dng thng thng. r le c
nhy thng phi t gi tr khi ng thp xung v trnh r le tc ng khi
ti nng th s dng kt hp thm vi kha in p thp (U< hay F27). Chc nng
ny c gi l bo v qu dng kt hp vi kha in p thp (Tn ting Anh:
Voltage Controlled Overcurrent Protection). Nguyn l ca chc nng ny nh sau:
ch khi in p gim thp di ngng cho php (ch bo ca s c ngn mch) th
r le in p thp mi cho php phn t qu dng tc ng. Trong r le 7UM6xx,
chc nng kha in p thp c th s dng c lp hoc cng vi chc nng bo
v qu dng.
Gi tr ci t khuyn co i vi my pht:
- Dng khi ng ca phn t qu dng: cao hn 20 30 dng ti ln nht
- Kha in p thp: thng t di ngng in p lm vic thp nht cho
php (80% in p nh mc).
I.3.4. Chc nng bo v qu dng vi c tnh ph thuc (51V)
Thng dng lm bo v chnh cho cc my pht nh v cp in p thp, lm
bo v d phng cho cc ma pht c cng sut ln.
Hon ton tng t, vi cc my pht ly in p kch t t u cc, khi xy
ra s c gn th in p u cc suy gim gim in p cp cho h thng kch t
dng in ngn mch gim nhanh v bo v c th tr v khng tip tc hot
ng.
x l vn ny, r le 7UM6xx c s dng hai gii php:

41
- Bo v qu dng kt hp vi kha in p thp (51 & 27= VoltageControlled Overcurrent): Khi in p gim di ngng cho php th r le in p
thp hot ng, cho php chc nng qu dng tc ng. Gi tr khi ng ca bo
v qu dng c th t thp hn so vi khi khng c kha in p thp
- Bo v qu dng kt hp vi hm in p (Voltage-Restraint Overcurrent):
Chc nng ny s t ng iu chnh gi tr khi ng v c tnh tc ng ty theo
in p h thng theo qui lut: khi in p gim xung th gi tr khi ng ca
phn t qu dng cng t ng c gim i. Hnh 1.33 biu din quan h gia gi
tr dng khi ng v in p (Trong h n v tng i), theo quan h ny th gi
tr khi ng gim tuyn tnh khi in p nm trong ngng 25% 100% v khi
in p 25% th ch cn bng 25% ca gi tr ci t ban u.
Hnh 1.33. H s ph thuc theo in
Chc nng ny s b kha trnh cho r le hot ng nhm khi xy ra hin

tng mt p t my bin in p (Do t cu ch, do m aptomat nh th ca VT).
Vic pht hin mt p c th da theo trng thi tip im ph ca VT hoc da
theo logic gm st in p bn trong r le (Tng t nh trnh by phn
I.2.10.5).
Chc nng bo v qu dng c th dng hoc khng dng tnh nng hm,
kha in p ty theo ci t.
I.3.5. Chc nng bo v qu dng th t nghch (I2> hoc 46) - Unbalanced
Load
Chc nng pht hin ti khng cn bng da theo ln ca thnh phn dng
th t nghch o c. Dng th t nghch to ra mt t trng quay vi chiu
ngc li chiu quay ca roto, do qut qua roto vi tn s gp 2 ln tn s lm
vic bnh thng gy ra cc dng xoy ti b mt roto pht nng cc b.
Ngoi ra dng TTN cn gy pht nng cun cn ca my pht. Chc nng ny ng
42
thi cng pht hin c cc hin tng mt pha, ngc cc tnh CT hoc cc s c
khng i xng vi dng ngn mch nh hn ngng khi ng ca r le qu dng
pha thng thng. Chc nng ny tng t nh trnh by trong mc I.2.6.5.
Hnh 1.34. c tnh thi gian tc ng ca bo v I2>
Do cc tc hi ca dng TTN ch yu th hin vic gy pht nng do

thng cc bo v qu dng TTN l loi hot ng c tr da theo m hnh nhit
ca i tng c bo v. c tnh c s dng l loi c tnh thi gian ph
thuc, tuy nhin trnh trng hp khi xy ra ngn mch, dng TTN tng cao
nhng bo v vn hot ng c tr th c tnh ph thuc ca bo v c trang b
thm mt phn c tnh c lp vi thi gian tc ng rt ngn nh trn hnh 1.34.
I.3.6. Chc nng bo v qu dng khi khi ng t my (Startup Overcurrent
Protection)
Hnh 1.35. Phm vi hot ng ca cc bo v khi khi ng t my (IST: Istartup prot.)

43
Cc my pht tuabine kh c th c khi ng bng dng in t b bin

tn. Khi bt u qu trnh khi ng, b bin tn s bm dng vo my pht vi tn
s tng dn (Tng t phng php khi ng mm ng c in) to ra t trng
quay vi tc tng dn. T trng ny s ko roto v tuabine quay vi tc tng
dn tng ng, khi tc t khong 70% nh mc th tuabine c khi ng
(nh la, t kh sinh cng) v s t ko roto ti ng b, b bin tn c t
ng ct ra. Trong qu trnh khi ng ny, my ct u cc trng thi m, tuy
nhin cng vn c kh nng xy ra s c ngn mch trong lc khi ng. Do tc
quay tng dn dng in trong stato c tn s cng tng dn, ngng tn s
thp (Di 10 11Hz) th cc bo v so lch v bo v qu dng ct nhanh khng
hot ng cn c mt bo v hot ng di tn thp (2 10Hz) bo v trong
lc khi ng.
R le 7UM6xx c chc nng bo v qu dng hot ng di tn thp, mc
ch bo v trong qu trnh khi ng t my. Do tn s thp nn xc nh
nhanh c gi tr tc thi ln nht ca dng in cn s dng thut ton c bit
trong r le. Th hin phm vi hot ng ca cc bo v ty theo tn s ca my pht
trong qu trnh khi ng.
I.3.7. Chc nng bo v so lch cho my bin p (87T)
Hon ton tng t nh trnh by trong mc I.2.4; I.2.5 & I.2.6.4.
I.3.8. Chc nng bo v so lch my pht in (87)
Nguyn tc thc hin bo v so lch dc cho my pht c th hin trn hnh
1.36, v phng thc bo v so lch ngang cho cc my pht c cun dy phn chia
th hin hnh 1.37.
Hnh 1.36. Bo v so lch dc my pht
Hnh 1.37. Bo v so lch ngang my pht

44
Hnh 1.38. c tnh lm vic ca bo v so lch MF
c tnh tc ng ca chc nng so lch cho my pht in hon ton tng t

nh i vi bo v so lch cho my bin p (7UT6xx), tuy nhin cc gi tr ci t
l khc nhau. Gi tr dng so lch ngng cao c xc nh theo in khng qu
ca my pht xd' theo cng thc I DIFF >> =
1
vi gi tr xd' = 0,15 0, 35 do
'
xd
I DIFF >> = 3 7 nh th hin trn hnh 1.38.
I.3.9. Chc nng bo v mt kch t (Underexcitation - Loss-of-Field) (40)

Cng Lin kt gia roto my pht c quay bi tuabine v t trng
quay ca stato ph thuc vo ln ca t trng to bi h thng kch t, khi in
p kch t b gim thp, lin kt b yu i v c th gy ra hin tng mt ng b
gia roto v t trng ca cun stato. Chc nng bo v khi mt kch t ca r le
7UM6xx c nhim v bo v cc my pht in khng ri vo tnh trng lm
vic mt ng b khi xy ra h hng trong h thng kch t v mt khc cng gip
trnh c cc nh hng xu ti n nh ca h thng.
Lin quan ti chc nng bo v ny, cn tm hiu v biu gii hn cng
sut pht ca my pht (Generator Capability Curve): My pht c th lm vic
trong cc ch pht (Qu kch t) hoc tiu th cng sut phn khng (Thiu kch
t), tuy nhin lng cng sut phn khng ny b gii hn bi mt s yu t nh
sau:
- Cng sut tc dng pht ra: B gii hn bi cng sut ca tuabine
- Cng sut phn khng b gii hn bi:
1. Dng in trong cun dy stato (Amature Current Heating Limit): khng
c vt qu mc pht nng cho php
45
2. Gii hn dng in trong cun kch t (Field Current Heating Limit): gii
hn bi pht nng trong cun dy roto
3. Gii hn pht nng li thp ti cnh ca stato(End Region Heating Limit):
gii hn ny nh hng n kh nng nhn cng sut phn khng ca my pht
ch thiu kch t.
Cc gii hn ny c trnh by v biu din trn hnh 1.39.
Hnh 1.39. Biu gii hn cng sut MF
Cc gii hn trn y c xc nh da trn kt cu, cng sut ca my pht.

Tuy nhin khi my pht lm vic kt ni vi h thng th c thm cc gii hn khc
v n nh tnh v n nh ng. Do cc gii hn v n nh ny nn c tnh cng
sut ca my pht thc t c dng nh trong hnh 1.40. Nh vy, gii hn dng kch
t cho php nh nht ty theo c tnh cng sut ca my pht, da theo c tnh
ny c th ci t cc gi tr cho r le.

46
Hnh 1.40. Gii hn cng sut ca MF c tnh ti n nh
Trong thc t c hai phng n thc hin bo v chng mt kch t:

1) Da theo tng tr o c: Dng mt r le tng tr t ti u cc my
pht vi vng bo v nhn vo pha trong my mt. ch bnh thng, my pht
s pht cng sut phn khng tng ng vi gi tr in khng o c X > 0,
khi thiu kich t my pht nhn cng sut phn khng v gi tr o c X < 0. Vy
s thay i gi tr in khng o c s l mt tiu ch dng bo v chng mt
(Thp) kch t. thc hin c vic ny cn qui i biu cng sut pht sang
biu theo tng tr gm hai thnh phn R & X v r le tng tr ch lm vic vi
hai gi tr ny. y l mt gii php c s dng rng ri.
Hnh 1.41. Qui i t biu cng sut sang mt phng tng tr
2) Ring hng SIEMENS thc hin theo phng n khc: Dng gi tr tng
dn o c thay v gi tr tng tr. u im ca phng n dng gi tr tng dn l
c th qui i trc tip t biu cng sut pht ca my pht biu tng dn

47
(G & B) v trong h n v tng i cc gi tr tng dn ny khng ph thuc vo

in p ca my pht.
Hnh 1.42. Qui i biu cng sut pht sang biu tng dn
C th v chc nng bo v trong r le 7UM6xx: Cn c vo th cng

sut pht ca my pht, c th t ra 3 c tnh gii hn bo v nh trn hnh 1.43.
Cc c tnh ny c xc nh bi v tr cc im gc v gc nghing tng ng.
Khi im lm vic ca my pht vt qu c tnh 1 & 2: Bo v s khi ng
v sau khong thi gian tr (Khong 10 giy) s a tn hiu tc ng. Thi gian tr
m bo h thng t ng iu chnh kch t c th hot ng nng in p kch
t ti mc cn thit. m bo bo v s tc ng nhanh (Thi gian tr rt ngn)
khi hng h thng iu chnh kch t, r le c chc nng gim st in p kch t
(Chc nng Uexcit.<), khi chc nng ny hot ng s t ng rt ngn thi gian
tc ng ca bo v chng mt kch t.
Hnh 1.43. c tnh bo v chng mt kch t

48
Khi im lm vic vt qu c tnh 3: Th bo v s tc ng tc thi

ct my pht do lc ny khng th m bo s lm n nh ca my pht vi h
thng.
I.3.10. Chc nng bo v chng lung cng sut ngc (Reverse Power
Protection) (32R)
Khi ngun nng lng s cp sinh cng quay tuabin b mt th my pht
chuyn sang hot ng ch ng c, nu h thng kch t vn hot ng th
my pht hot ng nh ng c khng ng b v ngc li nh ng c khng
ng b. Ch ng c gy nguy him cho tuabin, lm pht nng qu mc cnh
tuabin hi do hi khng lu chuyn c lm mt, gy nguy him cho hp s
ca cc tuabin kh do cc hp s ny khng c thit k ch quay ngc.
Nguyn nhn gy ra ch ny c th do li vn hnh, do trc trc my ct u cc
khng ct khi ngng t my hoc do hng hc c kh. Trong cc nh my in
thng c c h thng bo v c kh v r le in pht hin hin tng ny.
Hnh 1.44. Chc nng bo v chng lung cng sut ngc
Cc r le in da vo dng cng sut ngc chy vo my pht, ln dng

cng sut ngc ny ty thuc vo ma st, tn hao do tuabin hot ng nh my
nn v tn hao in trong my pht. Cng sut ngc ny ph thuc vo thit k v
chng loi tuabin (Tuabin nc, hi, kh, diesel) v c th ch chim mt vi phn
trm ca cng sut tc dng nh mc ca my pht (My pht thy in) hoc c
th ln ti 100% vi mt s loi tuabin hi. pht hin c cc lung cng sut
ngc rt nh th php o ca r le phi chnh xc, r le 7UM6xx ch s dng cc
i lng th t thun ca dng & p, mt khc sai s gc ca VT & CT cng gy
sai s ca php o v do d cng c r le tnh n trong qu trnh tnh ton. R le
thng t c thi gian tr trnh hot ng sai do cc bin ng ngn hn. Mt

49
khc trong ch ha ng b hoc dao ng in c th xy ra hin tng lung

cng sut ngc v do cn phi lm tr bo v trnh r le tc ng trong
trng hp ny. Tuy nhin khi van dng khn cp ca tuabin tc ng
(Emergency stop valve) th chc nng 32R nn c rt ngn thi gian tr, r le
thc hin logic ny bng cch nhn tn hiu t van khn cp qua u vo nh phn
v kch hot rt ngn thi gian. Nguyn l hot ng ca chc nng 32R trong r le
7UM6xx th hin trn hnh 1.44
I.3.11. Chc nng bo v chng trt cc t (Out of Step) (78)
H thng in l h thng vn hnh trong thi gian thc, m bo cn bng
gia tng cng sut pht & tiu th. Khi trng thi ny c duy tr th tn s s gi
mc n nh, theo qui nh tn s c th cho php nm trong khong 500,2 Hz.
Bt c thay i no v ngun pht hoc ti u dn ti thay i ca tn s, cc thay
i ny xy ra lin tc trong h thng, tuy nhin do c cc h thng t ng iu
chnh nn tn s c duy tr trong phm vi cho php. Trong trng hp xy ra cc
bin ng ln: S c gn nh my, mt cc ng truyn ti quan trng, ng ct
cc ph ti ln s gy ra s mt cn bng t ngt gia cng sut in v cng sut
c ca tuabin (c coi l khng i). S mt cn bng cng sut trn trc roto
my pht lm cho tc roto s thay i, dao ng gc tng i gia roto cc
my pht ang hot ng cng s b dao ng, mt khc dng cng sut tc dng
ph thuc ch yu vo gc lch tng i ca roto cc my pht dng cng sut
tc dng cng b dao ng hin tng dao ng in.
Hnh 1.45. Qu o tng tr o c
Hin tng dao ng in c coi l n nh nu sau mt khong thi gian

h thng t iu chnh vn hnh ti mt trng thi n nh xc lp mi. H thng

50
b coi l mt n nh nu gc lch gia cc roto my pht tip tc tng ln (Trt so

vi nhau) v khng t c trng thi cn bng mi. Nh vy dao ng cng sut
l ni trn bnh din h thng, cn trt cc t l hin tng dao ng mt n nh
khi nhn vo my pht.
Gii php bo v: Khi xy ra hin tng dao ng in, gi tr tng tr o
c ti u cc my pht c th ri vo vng tc ng v r le s tc ng mt
cch cha cn thit. ngn chn hin tng ny phi c phn t pht hin dao
ng in v kha r le khng tc ng nhm - Chc nng ny l chc nng kha
khi c dao ng in (Power Swing Blocking - PSB). Tuy nhin khi dao ng in
pht trin thnh mt n nh (Trt cc t i vi my pht) th s phi c phn t
pht hin v t ng thc hin cc thao tc cn thit tch my pht khi h thng
- Chc nng bo v ny gi l bo v chng hin tng trt cc t (Out of Step 78). C hai chc nng bo v ny u da trn vic o tng tr v tc bin thin
ca tng tr o c ( dZ dt ), khi xy ra dao ng in th tng tr o c s bin
thin chm (tc bin thin l hu hn) do roto cc my pht in c qun tnh
ln, khi xy ra s c th tc bin thin ca tng tr ny gn nh l tc thi.
Hnh 1.46. H thng n gin gm hai my pht
phn bit gia dao ng in n nh v mt n nh (Gy trt cc t) th

phi xt ti qu o bin thin ca tng tr o c. Hnh 1.46 m t mt h thng
n gin gm hai my pht hot ng song song. Gi tr tng tr o c v qu
o bin thin khi xy ra dao ng in c th hin trn hnh 1.45. Qu o tng
tr ty thuc vo gc lch tng i ca roto hai my pht v t s in p ca hai
pha (Nu in p hai pha bng nhau th tng tr s di chuyn theo ng thng
k=1).
Chc nng bo v chng trt cc t trong r le SIEMENS: cc r le ca
SIEMENS hon ton da trn nguyn l gim st qu o tng tr pht hin hin
tng dao ng in hoc trt cc t. mt t c tnh tc ng tiu chun ca r le
h 7UM6xx.
- Qu o chuyn ng theo ng 1 hoc 2 xy ra khi c hin tng mt n
nh, trt cc t: im lm vic i vo c tnh mt pha v c i ra khi c
tnh pha i din.
51
- Qu o 3 & 4: Din bin khi c hin tng dao ng in n nh.

Da theo c tnh ny th logic pht hin trt cc t trong r le 7UM6xx nh
sau:
- Dao ng in l hin tng 3 pha i xng: Thnh phn dng in TTN
phi nh hn ngng cho php.
- C ghi nhn s ct c tnh c hai pha (i vo v i ra pha i din) ca
vecto tng tr.
- Khi s ln ct c tnh c ghi nhn t ti ngng ci t trong mt
khong thi gian cho php th r le s tc ng v nhn nh y l xy ra dao ng
in khng th hi phc, dn ti trt cc t phi ct my pht.
I.3.12. Bo v chng chm t 90% cun dy stato (59N, 64G, 67G)
Hnh 1.47. c tnh a gic chng trt cc t
Cc my pht in thng c trung tnh cch in hoc ni t qua tng tr

hn ch dng chm t. Hin tng chm t cun dy stato c th l t cun
dy thng qua ch cch in b ha than ti li thp hoc thng qua h quang ti li
thp. Cc th nghim cho thy rng khi chm t c pht sinh h quang th ch
cn vi dng in 5A c th gy ph hy cch in ca cc l thp stato, t
gy ra cc s c tip theo. Khng c mt tiu chun c th no nhng gi tr dng
in chm t c th gy nguy him thng c gii hn trong khong 5 15A.

52
Nguyn l bo v chng chm t 90% cun dy stato s dng trong r le

7UM6xx da trn nguyn l:
- Da theo in p trung tnh: khi xy ra chm t, vecto in p 3 pha b mt
cn bng in p im trung tnh s tng ln. in p trung tnh c th nhn
c thng qua:
- My bin in p ni ti trung tnh cun dy vi t hoc t my bin p
trung tnh (Nu s dng my bin p ni t trung tnh).
Hnh 1.48. Bin php o in p im trung tnh
- S dng my bin in p c cun tam gic h hoc ly t my bin p to

trung tnh.
- Da theo ln dng chm t: nu my pht u theo s ni b, c ph
ti a phng th dng chm t c th ln (Dng in dung) v ln dng chm
t ny cng l mt yu t xc nh hin tng chm t. Do dng chm t
thng c gi tr nh nn gii php s dng BI th t khng (BI0) thng c u
im hn, tuy nhin s u BI trung tnh hoc dng 3BI cng vn c th s
dng.
Hnh 1.49. Bin php o dng chm t

53
- Trong mt s trng hp, phn bit gia s c trong hay ngoi my pht
cn s dng thm b phn nh hng cng sut th t khng.
Vy, chc nng bo v chng chm t 90% cun dy stato s khi ng khi:
- in p im trung tnh vt qu ngng ci t
- Dng in chm t o c vt qu ngng ci t v hng vo trong
my pht (nh hng).
Phng php ny ch bo v c 9095% cun dy stato tnh t u cc do:
- Gi tr khi ng ca r le in p im trung tnh phi ln hn gi tr c th
xut hin trong lc vn hnh (Do ti khng i xng) thng t 510% in p
pha.
- in p im trung tnh s gim dn khi im chm t xut hin gn trung
tnh hn: Khi im chm t cch trung tnh 5 10% s vng dy th in p im
trung tnh c th thp hn ngng khi ng chc nng bo v ny s khng
hot ng khng bo v c 100% cun dy stato. Tuy nhin vi 5% cn li
ca cun dy stato th xc sut xy ra s c hng cch in l rt nh do in p
thp, v vy vi cc my pht nh c th ch s dng chc nng ny l , vi cc
my pht cng sut ln th cn phi c thm bo v 100% cun dy stato.
Hnh 1.50. in p im trung tnh & dng in chm t theo v tr im s c
I.3.13. Bo v chng chm t 100% cun dy stato

I.3.13.1. S dng sng hi bc 3 (27/59TN 3rd Harm.)
Chc nng ny s dng c tnh l tt c cc my pht in u sinh ra khng
nhng thnh phn in p tn s c bn m c thnh phn in p tn s cao (Hi
in p). Trong cc thnh phn sng hi th thnh phn hi in p bc 3 chim
ch yu, thnh phn sng hi bc 3 c tnh cht tng t thnh phn th t khng
v phn b ty theo s thay th TTK. S phn b ca thnh phn in p ny lc

54
bnh thng v khi c s c chm t ti trung tnh & u cc th hin trn hnh
1.51.
Hnh 1.51. Phn b thnh phn hi in p bc 3
Da trn s phn b ca hi in p bc 3 c th thy rng khi s c chm t

gn trung tnh (Cc bo v trc khng pht hin c) th:
- Gi tr hi in p bc 3 o c ti u cc s l ln nht s dng s
vi r le in p cao u ti u cc (Hnh 1.52).
Hnh 1.52. S vi r le in p cao 59T

55
- Hoc ch bnh thng gi tr hi in p bc 3 ti trung tnh c gi tr

nht nh no , khi xy ra s c gn trung tnh in p ny gim xung xp x
0 s dng s vi r le in p thp ti trung tnh
S ny lun s dng cng vi s bo v 90% cun dy stato, hai bo v
ny phi c vng chng ln m bo lun bo v c 100% cun dy stato
(Bo v da trn hi in p bc 3 c mt vng cht ln cn im phn b in p
bng 0 ca hi bc 3 - hnh 1.51).
Do ln ca thnh phn hi in p bc 3 ny ph thuc vo ti nn trong r
le 7UM6xx c chc nng t ng thay i gi tr chnh nh ca r le theo ln
dng cng sut tng nhy cho bo v.
Hnh 1.53. S vi r le in p thp 27H
I.3.13.2. S dng ngun ph tn s thp
Hnh 1.54. Nguyn l bo v dng ngun ph

56
Cc phng thc bo v chng chm t cun dy stato trn u ph thuc

vo c tnh ca my pht v phng thc kt ni, s lng ph ti, ... nu im
chm t gn trung tnh khng c pht hin th my pht hot ng ch gn
tng t trung tnh ni t trc tip. S c chm t th hai nu xy ra s sinh ra
dng s c rt ln (Do my pht in c tng tr TTK nh), c th ln hn c dng
s c 3 pha. V l do , cc my pht loi ln thng c trang b vi chc nng
bo v chng chm t cun stato da trn vic bm ngun ph tn s thp.
Nguyn l hot ng: Pht mt in p tn s thp vo trung tnh ca my
pht, in p ny s sinh ra mt dng in tn s thp, ln dng in ny ty
thuc vo tng tr ngun pht, in dung ca cun stato so vi t. Mt r le qu
dng c s dng gim st dng in tn s thp ny. Khi xy ra s c chm
t th in dung cun stato b ni tt v dng in tng ln, bo v s khi ng.
Hnh 1.54 m t nguyn l hot ng ca chc nng ny.
Ngun ph s dng vi tn s thp :
- Ti tn s thp th tng tr (Dung khng) ca cun dy stato c gi tr ln
dng in tn s thp ch bnh thng s nh gi tr khi ng c th t
thp hn tng nhy ca bo v.
- Tn hiu tn s thp s khng b nhiu bi cc hi bc cao c trong my pht
v h thng d dng lc c tn hiu mong mun.
Hnh 1.55. Cch u ni ngun ph 20Hz

57
ng dng trong r le 7UM6xx: R le ca SIEMENS s dng ngun ph tn

s 20Hz vi in p khong 25V. in p ny c th a vo trong my pht theo 2
cch (Hnh 1.55):
- Thng qua my bin p to trung tnh gi
- Thng qua bin p ni t trung tnh cun stato
Cc tn hiu in p (20Hz) bm vo VSEF v dng in (20Hz) thu c
iSEF a vo trong r le. S thay th tnh ton th hin trn hnh 1.56.
Hnh 1.56. S thay th tng ng tnh ton in tr chm t
T cc tn hiu dng & p ny r le s tnh ton ra gi tr in tr chm t

(RE), khi gi tr tnh ton c nh hn gi tr ci t th r le s khi ng (C hai
trng thi: Bo ng & tc ng) nh th hin trn hnh 1.57. Ngoi ra d phng
cho chc nng bo v bng ngun ph th r le c s dng thm chc nng bo v
qu dng chm t vi dng in o c trong mch (Bao gm c dng in tn
s 50Hz v 20Hz), chc nng ny lm nhim v d phng v bo v khong
8090% cun dy. R le cng c chc nng gim st s thng mch ca mch
20Hz.
Hnh 1.57. Cc gi tr ci t cho chc nng chng chm t 100% cun stato
58
Chc nng bo v dng ngun ph c u im l bo v c c khi my pht

ang trong trng thi ng im.
I.3.14. Bo v chng chm chp gia cc vng dy cng pha cun dy stato
Khi xy ra chm chp gia cc vng dy cng pha th s c dng in ln
chy qun trong cc vng dy ny, tuy nhin dng in u vo v u ra ca cun
dy hu nh khng thay i kh c th pht hin bng cc bo v qu dng
thng thng hoc bo v so lch dc. Vi cu trc ca my pht th rt him khi
xy ra s c gia cc vng dy, tuy nhin vi loi my pht m cun dy stato c
nhiu vng (Cc my pht thy in ln) th nn t bo v chng li dng s c
ny. Mt trong cc nguyn l bo v i vi my pht c cun dy phn chia th
hin trn hnh 1.58 - y l phng php bo v so lch ngang cun dy my pht
in. Mt gii php khc l s dng r le qu dng u ni vo gia trung tnh ca
hai phn cun dy.
Hnh 1.58. Bo v so lch ngang cun dy stato
Vi r le 7UM6xx:
S dng nguyn l bo v da trn gim st lch in p ca im trung
tnh ca vecto in p ba pha. C hai phng thc u ni bo v:

59
Hnh 1.59. Bo v chng s c gia cc vng dy
- Phng thc tiu chun: Nh trnh by trn hnh 1.59. Khi xy ra s c gia
cc vng dy th vecto in p ba pha mt i xng v bin in p vi cun tam
gic h u ni ti u cc my pht s o c lch in p r le s tc
ng. Tuy nhin khi xy ra s c chm t th cun tam gic h ny vn o c
in p v r le c th tc ng nhm, trnh trng hp ny th trung tnh ca
cun s cp ca VT bt buc phi c ni ti trung tnh cun dy stato ca my
pht in. Do trung tnh cun stato c th c in p ln ti in p pha nn bt
buc phi s dng cp cao p. Phng thc bo v ny c nhy cao, gi tr ci
t ch ph thuc vo in p sinh ra do s khng hon ton i xng trong vic b
tr cun dy trn stato.
- Phng thc u ni khc (Hnh 1.60): Phng thc ny c th s dng khi
trung tnh ca my pht c ni t qua my bin p.
Hnh 1.60. Phng thc bo v khc chng s c gia cc vng dy
Khi xy ra s c chm t th in p o c t VT pha trung tnh v pha

u cc l nh nhau, do in p t vo r le s bng 0 v r le khng tc ng.
60
Khi xy ra s c chm chp, ch VT pha u cc o c dch chuyn in p

im trung tnh, VT pha trung tnh my pht khng o c c in p t
vo r le r le s khi ng.
m bo cho bo v c nhy th gi tr khi ng thng t rt thp
(Khong 2% hay 2V nu VT c in p danh nh th cp l 100V), nh sn xut
khuyn co nn la chn gi tr ny theo th nghim thc t.
I.3.15. Bo v chng chm t cun dy roto (64R)
Mch cp in cho cun dy roto khng ni t nn khi xy ra s c chm t
mt im s khng gy nguy hi g cho my pht. Tuy nhin nu c im s c th
nht th rt nhiu kh nng s ko theo im s c th hai, nu im chm t th
hai xy ra tip sau th mt s vng dy ca cun roto b ni tt qua im chm t
t trng sinh ra b lch v s gy rung ng mnh, c th ph hy kt cu c
kh.
Hnh 1.61. Phng thc n gin bo v chm t cun dy roto
Chc nng bo v chng chm t cun dy roto thng a ra tn hiu cnh

bo nu c im chm t th nht, tuy nhin khi bt buc phi c thm thit b
gim st rung v c kh nng gi tn hiu ct my pht nu rung qu mc cho
php.
C nhiu phng thc bo v chng li dng s c ny, phng thc n
gin nht trnh by trn hnh 1.61 gm ch 2 bng n vi im ni chung ni t.
Bnh thng hai n sng u nhau, tuy nhin khi xy ra ti nhnh no th n bn
s b ti v n ca nhnh cn li sng hn, nhc im l nu s c ti chnh
im trung im cun dy th phng php ny khng pht hin c. Gii php
gn tng t l dng mt ng h o in p (Hoc r le) ni nh trong hnh 1.61,
khi xy ra chm t th ng h o s lch v mt pha ty theo s c trn nhnh
no. Phng thc ny cng khng pht hin c im chm t ti chnh trung
im cun roto. pht hin cc s c nh vy cn s dng phng php bm
thm ngun ph vo mch roto.
61
Hnh 1.62. Phng php bm ngun ph xoay chiu
- Phng php bm ngun ph xoay chiu (Hnh 1.62)

in p xoay chiu c bm vo mch roto cng vi mt r le qu dng u
ni tip (R le 64F). T C c tc dng hn ch dng qua r le khi c s c chm t
v cch ly gia mch roto in p mt chiu v mch bm ngun p xoay chiu.
ch bnh thng, dng in chy qua r le gm hai thnh phn:
+ Thnh phn dng in dung chy qua in dung ca cun roto so vi t
+ Thnh phn dng r thng qua cch in ca roto (Tuy nhin thnh phn
ny c gi tr rt nh)
Dng in khi ng ca r le cn t ln hn tng hai thnh phn dng in
trn y. Khi s c chm t xy ra th cc in dung ca cun dy roto b ni tc
thng qua in tr ca im s c dng in qua r le tng ln r le khi
ng.
Phng php ny c nhc im l r le s vn hnh tt hay khng hon ton
ty theo ch ni t ca cun dy roto. Thng thng dng in chy xung t
s i qua khu vc bi ca trc quay (Hnh 1.62), tc l i qua mng du bi. Tuy
nhin mng du bi khng dn in tt v r le c th khng nhy khi
ng, vn ny c th khc phc bng cch tng in p xoay chiu bm vo,
chc thng mng du dn dng in xung t. Phng php tng in p xoay

62
chiu li gy ra vn khc l c dng in r lin tc i qua bi v c th gy

n mn in ha mnh gii php trit hn c l s dng chi than ni t, to
ng dn tin cy v t.
- Phng php bm ngun ph mt chiu vi my pht in c chi than ni
t (Hnh 1.63)
Phng php bm ngun ph loi mt chiu (dc) s trnh c dng in qua
in dung ca cun roto vi t.
Hnh 1.63. Phng php bm ngun ph mt chiu
Phng thc bo v dng trong r le SIEMENS 7UM6xx: R le 7Um6xx s

dng phng php tnh ton in tr im s c pht hin chm t (Hnh 1.64),
in p bm vo l in p xoay chiu vi tn s ca h thng, c ly v qua my
bin in p u cc. Cc in tr trn s c s dng hn ch dng qua r
le, t C cch ly gia bn in p mt chiu & xoay chiu.
in p bm vo mch v dng in thu c s c a vo trong r le
tnh ton in tr chm t (Tng t phng php bo v cun stato dng ngun
ph). Nu gi tr in tr tnh ton c ny nh hn gi tr ci t th r le s khi
ng. Phng php ny c th pht hin cc s c chm t vi tng tr cao ti
30k trong iu kin l tng (Theo thng bo ca nh sn xut).
R le cng c chc nng pht hin s c chm t cun dy roto bng cch
bm thm ngun xung vung (Cc tnh thay i rt chm khong 14 ln/ giy), do
ngun c tn s rt thp nn tc dng ca ngun ny gn tng t nh phng php
bm ngun mt chiu trnh bi trn.

63
Hnh 1.64. Chc nng bo v trong 7UM6xx
I.3.16. Bo v chng ng in my pht ang trng thi ngh (Dead Machine

Energization hoc Inadvertent Energization)
Hnh 1.65. Roto b s c khi ng in my pht trng thi ngh
y l hin tng bt ng ng in my pht ang trng thi dng hot

ng hoc khi ng nhng cha kim tra ng b. L do xy ra hin tng
ng in bt thng ny c th do my ct b phng in trong bung ct, hoc h
hng mch iu khin hoc do li vn hnh. Khi my pht in c ng in m
khng c kch t n s hot ng nh mt ng c khng ng b, khi ng vi
trt ln v gy ra dng cm ng ln trong cun roto. Cc bo v thng thng
ca my pht thng khng p dng c do nhiu l do: Bo v ang b cm hot
64
ng (My pht ang ngh, tho cu ch mch p VT, ngt ngun dc ca h thng
iu khin), tc phn ng chm,
Chc nng bo v chng hin tng ng in my pht ang trng thi
ngh s ch can thip khi tn s ca my pht thp hn ngng lm vic (My pht
ang tc thp hoc ang ng im) hoc khi in p ca my pht thp hn
in p thp nht cho php c th s dng cc s bo v nh:
- R le qu dng vi kha tn s thp (50 & 81U) (Hnh 1.66, vi 81U: R le
tn s thp; 60: R le gim st in p, r le ny c tc dng pht hin s mt in
p th cp ca VT, r le so snh in p t hai VT thc hin chc nng gim st;
62: R le thi gian, 86: R le lockout).
Hnh 1.66. Bo v chng ng in my pht trng thi ngh - dng r le tn s thp
R le 81U gim st tn s, khi tn s thp hoc bng 0 th r le s ng tip

im cho php s tc ng ca r le qu dng (50). R le qu dng 50 c th t
vi dng khi ng thp tng nhy.
- R le qu dng vi kha in p thp (50 & 27): Hon ton tng t s
trn tuy nhin r le tn s thp 81U c thay bng r le in p thp 27.

65
Hnh 1.67. Bo v chng ng in my pht trng

thi ngh - dng r le in p thp
- R le 7UM6xx: S dng nguyn l bo v qu dng vi kha in p thp.

Chc nng gim st chng hin tng mt in p th cp ca VT cng c tch
hp trong r le.
I.4. Gii thiu v r le bo v khong cch 7SA5xx
I.4.1. Gii thiu v rle k thut s h 7SA5xx
Rle k thut thuc h 7SA522x c thit k s dng bo v cho ng
dy truyn ti vi chc nng chnh l bo v khong cch, km theo y cc
chc nng bo v ng dy khc. Rle c th s dng cho cc ng dy
c/khng c h thng t b dc, ch ni t h thng c th l ni t trc tip,
trung tnh cch in, ni t qua tng tr hoc cun dp h quang Peterson. Phng
thc bo v c tnh ti c trng hp c/ khng c h thng truyn tin lin ng.
Cc chc nng chnh tch hp trong rle c th hin trn hnh 1.68. Cc chc
nng chnh v c im c bit ca rle s c gii thiu trong cc phn tip
theo.

66
Hnh 1.68. Chc nng chnh ca rle 7SA522x
I.4.2. Chc nng bo v khong cch (21 & 21N)

Nguyn l bo v khong cch c gii thiu chi tit trong ti liu H
thng r le bo v trong trm bin p - Phn c bn. Cc loi c tnh thng dng
v phm vi s dng cng c gii thiu.
I.4.2.1. Pht hin s c chm t
Vic phn bit chnh xc gia s c pha - pha v s c pha t c tc dng
quan trng do:
- La chn ng mch vng tnh ton tng tr s c: Rle s dng cch tnh
ton hon ton khc bit gia s c pha - pha v pha - t
- c tnh tc ng thng c ci t khc nhau cho s c pha-pha v phat.
- pht hin chnh xc s c chm t rle da vo 3 yu t:
+ Dng in th t khng 3I0: Dng in ny c tnh ton t tng 3 dng
in pha (Ch ly thnh phn c bn, loi b cc thnh phn sng hi bng cc b
lc s). trnh lm vic nhm khi do dng khng cn bng sinh ra do trc trc
trong mch nh th CT hoc do s bo ha khng u ca cc CT trong trng hp
s c pha-pha, rle s dng chc nng t ng tng dng khi ng 3I0 theo dng
in pha.
+ Dng in th t nghch I2: Trong trng hp ng dy mang ti nng th
ngng khi ng ca chc nng 3I0 c th qu ln, trong trng hp ny c th s
dng thm thnh phn dng in TTN pht hin s c chm t. Ni chung vi
67
s c chm t mt pha (N(1)) th thnh phn dng TTN xp x bng thnh phn
dng TTK.
+ Gim st in p trung tnh ca vecto in p ba pha (in p th t khng
3U0): Cc s c chm t s sinh ra in p TTK, gim st thnh phn ny c th
pht hin c cc s c chm t.
Logic pht hin s c chm t trong rle 7SA522x l t hp ca c yu t
trn.
I.4.2.2. Cc mch vng tnh ton tng tr
Rle s dng cch thc tnh ton khc nhau cho s c pha - pha v pha - t.
- Vi s c pha - pha: Mch vng tnh ton s c khi ng khi dng in
trn hai pha s c vt qu ngng, gi thit hai pha s c l A & B th tng tr s
c tnh theo cng thc Z L =
VA VB
v tng t cho s c gia cc pha cn li.
I A IB
- S c pha - t: Mch tnh ton cho chc nng ny s khi ng khi chc
nng pht hin s c chm t kch hot. Tng tr khi xy ra s c gia pha A vi
t c tnh nh sau: Z L =
VA
vi ZE l tng tr ca ng dn tr v t.
ZE
IA
I
ZL E
Bng 1.6. Cc mch vng o lng vi s c pha - pha & pha - t
Fault Loop
Equation
Single phase to ground
ZAG= VA / (1+k0) IA
AG, BG, CG
ZBG= VB / (1+k0) IB
ZCG= VC / (1+k0) IC
Three phase
ZABC= VA/B/C / IA/B/C
ABC
Double phase
ZAB= (VA- VB) / IA- IB
AB, BC, CA
ZBC= (VB- VC) / IB- IC

ZCA= (VC- VA) / IC- IA

68
Cc mch vng tnh ton ny c thc hin ng thi nn rle cn gi l loi

Non - switched - p dng vi rle 7SA522 (Cc rle i c thng ch c mt b
phn tnh ton tng tr & hng duy nht, khi s c xy ra th b phn khi ng
v la chn loi s c s a tn hiu tng ng vo mch tnh ton - c tn gi l
switched type, iu ny c th dn ti bo v lm vic c thi gian tr - rle s
5SA511 vn s dng c ch ny). Mt thut ng na thng gp l Full scheme
distance portection: Ngha l rle c cc phn t tnh ton ring bit cho s c pha
v s c chm t, vi rle cho php ci t 3 vng tc ng s c 3 vng x 6 phn
t mi vng = 18 phn t o v tnh ton ring bit.
- Cc tnh ton trn y cn s dng cho c cc pha khng s c (Nh vy c
tng cng 6 mch o: 3 mch cho s c pha - t & 3 mch cho s c pha - pha),
tuy nhin gi tr tng tr tnh ton c cc pha khng s c s ln hn rt nhiu
so vi tng tr pha s c v do khng gy nh hng n s lm vic chn lc
ca bo v.
- Rle c th c trang b c tnh t gic hoc Mho ty theo t hnh, nu
c c hai c tnh th c tnh Mho thng s dng cho s c pha - pha, cn c
tnh t gic thch hp s dng vi cc s c pha - t.
I.4.3. Chc nng pht hin dao ng in (21 & 21N)
Bn cht ca hin tng dao ng in c trnh by trong mc I.3.11
(Out of Step Protection), pht hin hin tng ny th nguyn l c bn l da
theo tc bin thin tng tr dZ/dt.
Hnh 1.69. Qu o tng tr khi dao ng in v khi s c
Khi hin tng dao ng in c pht hin th rle s s b kha, do cn

c phng php m bo pht hin chnh xc, trnh kha bo v mt cch khng
cn thit. Rle 7SA522x s dng c ch gim st sau y m bo xc nh
ng hin tng dao ng in
- Gim st tnh n iu ca qu o: Khi xy ra dao ng in th qu o
bin thin tin trin u, cc gi tr R & X o c thng khng thay i v
du, tuy nhin khi s c xy ra th cc i lng ny c th xy hin tng i du.
69
- Gim st tnh lin tc ca tng tr o c: Vi dao ng in th gi tr

tng tr bin thin u u, khi s c xy ra th tng tr ngay lp tc t ti gi tr
tng tr s c v hu nh khng thay i tip sau .
- Gim st tnh ng nht ca qu o: Vi dao ng in mc bin thin
ca R & X sau mi ln o thng khng vt qu mt ngng cho php, vi s
c th cc gi tr ny bin thin t ngt.
- Da theo 3 c tnh ny c th thy rng: Khi xy ra s bin thin t bin
ca tng tr th chc nng pht hin dao ng in ngay lp tc s b hy b.
- c tnh xc nh dao ng in thng bao trm cc vng tng tr ci
t v bao gm hai c tnh ng dng, khong cch gia hai c tnh ny xc nh
bng gi tr Z. Thi gian vecto tng tr i qua gia hai c tnh ny c so snh
vi gi tr ci t, nu ln hn ch bo ca dao ng in, nu nh hn ch
bo ca s c.
- Rle cn cho php kha ring l tng vng bo v, khng nht thit phi
kha ton b, iu ny c l gii nh sau: thng cc dao ng in tin trin
nhanh trc khi thi gian ci t ca vng 3 b m ht. Hoc i khi c th s
dng chc nng kha cc vng v khng kha vng 1.
I.4.4. Chc nng pht hin ngun yu hoc m my ct u i din (Weak
Infeed or Breaker open condition)
Trong trng hp ng dy c cp ngun t 2 pha, trong mt ngun
c cng sut ngn mch nh (Ngun yu): khi s c xy ra th dng cp t pha
ngun yu c th khng ln v rle pha s khng tc ng (Pha A trong
hnh 1.70). Trng hp tng t c th xy ra khi my ct u i din ( xa)
m.
Hnh 1.70. Hin tng ngun yu
Trong trng hp ny s truyn tn hiu cho php s khng nhn c tn

hiu cho php t rle pha ngun yu (S truyn tn hiu cho php yu cu tn
hiu phi c truyn v nhn t hai u) h thng bo v khng th loi tr s
c nhanh chng.
Phng n x l c p dng trong rle cc rle khong cch nh sau:
70
- Rle c trang b chc nng t ng gi li tn hiu nhn c (Echo) ti

rle gi tn hiu mc d bn thn n khng khi ng.
- Khi rle u i din nhn c tn hiu phn hi s ct tc thi.
- Ti u ngun yu: pht hin s c phi thm chc nng pht hin in p
thp (Khi s c in p s gim thp hn khi qu ti) - u ngun yu cng s c
ct khi cc iu kin sau tha mn:
+ nhn c tn hiu t u i din
+ Role in p thp cho php
+ Role khong cch khng khi ng
Bng cch s dng logic tc ng nh trn th rle hon ton loi b c nh
hng ca ngun yu hoc khi khng pht hin c hin tng my ct u i
din ang m.
I.4.5. Chc nng bo v qu dng (D phng hoc bo v khn cp)
Rle c trang b thm chc nng bo v qu dng, chc nng ny lm
nhim v bo v d phng hoc bo v trong mt s tnh trng khn cp.
Chc nng bo v khong cch ch hot ng c khi c tn hiu U & I,
trng hp in p cp ti rle b mt (C th do ngn mch hoc h mch th cp
VT) th chc nng bo v qu dng s c t ng kch hot (Chc nng ny ch
cn dng in hot ng). Hin tng mt p t mch VT c th c pht hin
da theo mt trong cc iu kin sau (Xem thm mc I.2.10.5 v I.2.10.6):
- Chc nng gim st in p ca bn thn rle
- Tn hiu t tip im ph ca aptomat mch th cp ca VT.
Nu chc nng bo v qu dng c ci t s dng nh bo v d phng
th n s hot ng hon ton c lp vi cc chc nng bo v, gim st khc.
I.4.6. Chc nng chng ng vo im s c (SOTF - Switch on to Fault)
Chc nng bo v qu dng ny hot ng tc thi khng thi gian tr. Chc
nng ny s hot ng khi ng dy c cp in tr li, l do s dng l: khi
ng in tr li cho mt ng dy th rt c kh nng s xy ra s c do qun
cha tho tip a di ng, do cha pht hin ht cc s c...do cn c chc nng
bo v vi thi gian tc ng rt nhanh ch sn trong cc tnh hung ny, nu
s c khng xy ra th cc bo v ny s t ng c gii tr sau mt khong thi
qui nh. Chc nng ny cng c s dng phi hp vi chc nng t ng li.
Chc nng SOTF c kch hot da theo tn hiu ca tip im ph kha
iu khin (ng my ct bng tay) hoc cc tn hiu khc th hin s ng in
ng dy (Ty theo ci t).

71
Chc nng ny cng c th thc hin bng bo v khong cch vi vng 1 m

rng (Z1B) c kch hot.
I.4.7. Chc nng nh v s c
Chc nng nh v s c trong rle 7SA522x c lp vi chc nng bo v
khong cch. Cc chc nng bo v ch lm nhim v kch hot vic ghi gi tr U &
I khi s c xy ra vi tn s ly mu thch hp. Do chc nng nh v s c hon
ton c th xc nh c vt tr s c k c khi chc nng bo v khc (Ngoi bo
v khong cch) tc ng, tuy nhin cng lu rng vic nh v s c ngoi vng
bo v thng khng chnh xc do nh hng ca cc ngun khc bm vo.
V tr ca im s c thng c xc nh thng qua in khng t im o
ti v tr s c theo phng trnh: Lkm =
X fault ( )
x( / km )
vi X fault ( ) =
U fault
I fault
sin fault . L
do ch s dng in khng nh v s c do: khi xy ra s c th tng tr ti im

s c thng c tnh cht in tr (h quang), nu s dng gi tr ny s th kt qu
o c s bao gm c in tr im s c ch khng ch in tr ng dy do
s cho kt qu khng chnh xc.
Cc gi tr U & I phc v cho vic nh v c lu tr tron rle: qu trnh ghi
bt u khi s c xut hin v s kt thc trc khi m my ct. Qu trnh ghi kt
thc trc khi m my ct m bo ch ghi duy nht cc thng s U & I ca s
c, khng ghi cc gi tr nhiu lon sau khi ct my ct. So snh vi chc nng
bo v khong cch vi khong d liu nh hn na chu k th chc nng nh v
s c c khong thi gian ly d liu di hn rt nhiu (Bao gm c thi gian ct
my ct). V tr im s c c xc nh theo tng cp gi tr U & I ghi c,
tng chnh xc mt s rle ly gi tr trung bnh ca khong cch xc nh c
bi tng cp gi tr trn.
Cc yu t nh hng n chnh xc ca nh v im:
- nh hng ca ng dy song song: Khi c ng dy song song th tng
tr TTK ca ng dy b thay i do nh hng tng h. b tr cho nh
hng ny c th a thm tn hiu dng TTK o c ca ng dy song song
vo rle ca ng dy cn li, tuy nhin iu ny ch thc hin c nu hai
ng dy i ra t cng mt trm.
- nh hng ca ti ca ng dy: truyn ti cng sut trn ng dy
cn c mt gc lch gia vecto in p hai u ng dy, khi s c xy ra th mt
cch gn ng c th coi dng s c n t hai pha cng lch nhau mt gc tng
t. iu ny dn ti in khng o c ti u truyn cng sut s c xu hng

72
nh hn v ti u nhn cng sut s o c gi tr in khng ln hn (Hnh

1.71), do v tr im s c s khng th xc nh chnh xc.
Vi cc rle c kh nng ng b in p v dng in hai u ng dy th
c th s dng thut ton nh v da theo tn hiu t hai pha vi chnh xc s
cao hn (p dng vi h rle 7SA6 v 7SD6).
Hnh 1.71. nh hng ca dng cng sut ti gi tr tng tr o c
I.5. Gii thiu v r le bo v qu dng 7SJ62x

I.5.1. Gii thiu v rle k thut s h 7SJ62
H rle 7SJ62 c thit k bo v cc l ng dy, rle c th s dng
bo v cc ng dy trong mng trung tnh cch in, ni t trc tip, ni t qua
tng tr,
Cc chc nng chnh ca rle bao gm: Chc nng bo v qu dng pha, qu
dng chm t, ty theo t hng rle c th l loi qu dng c hng hoc khng.
c tnh lm vic l loi c lp hoc ph thuc theo tiu chun hoc do ngi
dng t thit lp. Rle c kh nng pht hin cc s c chm t tng tr cao, ngoi
ra cn c thm cc chc nng khc nh t ng li, tn s thp, qu/thp in p,
qu dng th t nghch.
I.5.2. Chc nng bo v qu dng
Chc nng bo v qu dng hon ton tng t nh trnh by trong cc loi
rle Siemens cc chng trc (Tham kho Error! Reference source not
73
found., Error! Reference source not found., Error! Reference source not
found.)
Chc nng nh hng cng sut trnh by chi tit trong bi ging ca lp
o to c bn.
I.5.3. Chc nng bo v chng s c chm t thong qua lp li (Intermittent
ground fault protection)
Chc nng bo v ny c nhim v pht hin cc s c thong qua, lp li.
Cc s c dng ny c th xy ra trong thi gian rt ngn vi mili giy sau t
loi tr ri li xut hin tr li, do thi gian xut hin c th rt ngn nn cc bo v
qu dng c th khng thi gian khi ng. Dng s c ny ch c th loi tr
khi chuyn bin thnh s c duy tr.
C ch pht hin s c dng ny da trn nguyn l: Gim st dng in th
t khng 3I0, ln dng TTK ny khng ch gm thnh phn tn s c bn m c
cc sng hi n tn s 400Hz v thnh phn mt chiu dc v tt c cc thnh phn
ny u gy ra pht nhit trong cp hoc ng dy. Bt c khi no thnh phn
dng in ny vt qu ngng, rle s khi ng v b m ghi nh mt ln khi
ng. Nu s ln m c vt qu ngng th rle s pht ra cnh bo pht hin
s c chm t thong qua, lp li.
Chc nng c bit c hiu qu khi bo v cc ng cp, pht hin sm
cc hin tng phng in trong cp do cch in km hoc nc xm nhp vo cp
qua cc u ni.
I.5.4. Chc nng nh v s c (Fault Location)
Chc nng nh v s c hon ton c lp vi cc chc nng bo v khc,
chc nng ny c th p dng cho ng dy vi ti a 3 phn on, mi phn on
li l mt chng loi ng dy khc nhau, khi thng s v cc on ng dy
khng y th rle s s dng mt gi tr tng tr ng dy chung cho mi
phn on.
Nguyn l hot ng: Chc nng nh v s c trong rle 7SJ62 da trn
nguyn l o tng tr. Rle s ly mu tn hiu dng v p vi tn s ly mu l 16
mu/ 1 chu k, qu trnh ly mu s thc hin ngay khi rle tc ng v kt thc khi
my ct ct. Nh vy thi gian ly mu gn bng vi thi gian tc ng ca my
ct, v do thi im ly mu nh vy s trnh c nh hng ca cc nhiu lon
n gi tr o c.
Hon ton tng t nh vi bo v khong cch, rle s xc nh mch vng
s c da theo chc nng bo v qu dng, v d khi ch c chc nng qu dng
chm t pha A khi ng th rle s tnh ton tng tr da theo mch vng A vi

74
t v tng t cho cc trng hp cn li. Khong cch ti im s c c xc

nh da theo in khng, cch thc tnh ton xc nh hon ton tng t nh
trong bo v khong cch (Tham kho mc I.4.7).
I.6. Gii thiu v r le bo v so lch thanh ci 7SS52x
I.6.1. Gii thiu v r le k thut s h 7SS52x
Bo v so lch thanh gp c vai tr quan trng do thanh gp l ni kt ni ca
rt nhiu phn t, do h thng bo v bt buc phi c thi gian tc ng cc
ngn m bo n nh ca h thng, gim thiu thit hi. Cc loi bo v c
thng c thi gian tc ng tng i di (0,5 giy), tuy nhin cc r le hin i
(Ch yu s dng nguyn l so lch tng tr thp c hm) c th c thi gian tc
ng ch trong vng 1 chu k, cng thm thi gian tc ng ca my ct th kh
nng loi tr s c sau 0,1 giy l hon ton c th. Do tnh cht quan trng ca h
thng thanh gp nn h thng bo v bt buc phi c tin cy cao: Ch c
php tc ng ct khi c s c thc. gii quyt vn ny th h thng bo v
thanh gp thng c thit k tc ng da trn t nht hai i lng o lng
c lp, hoc t nht l 2 phn t cng tc ng a tn hiu ct ton b my ct
trong vng c bo v. S trong hnh 1.72 trnh by nguyn l m bo an
ton, tin cy khi thit k h thng bo v thanh gp (3 knh o lng, tc ng c
lp).
Hnh 1.72. Cu trc bo v kiu phn tn

75
Hnh 1.73. Nguyn l "2 trong 3" m bo an ton cho h thng BV thanh gp
R le bo v so lch thanh gp 7SS52x c cu trc phn tn gm hai phn

ring vit: Khi trung tm (Central unit) v cc m un ngn l (Bay unit). Chc
nng chnh ca r le l bo v cc h thng thanh gp.
Nguyn l bo v hon ton tng t cc loi bo v so lch khc: da trn s
so snh tng dng i vo & i ra ca i tng c bo v. Nu iu kin ny
khng c tha mn ngha l c s c xy ra trong vng c bo v.
Cc phng trnh v l lun trn y hon ton ng vi cc i lng s cp,
tuy nhin do cc thit b bo v lm vic thng qua tn hiu t CT nn s cn c cc
hiu chnh: Do CT ca cc ngn l c t s bin khc nhau nu khng c khu
bin i tn hiu dng in trc khi a vo khu so lch th r le s tc ng
nhm. R le 7SS52x c khu x l tn hiu dng in bng phn mm, do khng
yu cu tt c cc CT ca cc ngn l phi c t s bin ging nhau.
Hnh 1.74. Chc nng bo v ca cc khi

76
Hnh 1.75. H thng thanh gp vi nhiu l ng dy
Mt trong nhng im cn ch khi thc ca bo v so lch thanh gp l: Khi

xy ra s c ngoi vng rt d xy ra hin tng bo ha my bin dng ti ngn l
b s c. iu ny c gii thch nh sau: Khi xy ra s c trong vng th cc ngn
l s cng chu mt phn no ca dng ngn mch tng Kh nng xy ra bo
ha CT t hn, khi xy ra s c ngoi vng th dng chy qua ngn l s c l dng
ngn mch tng CT ti ngn l ny c th d dng b bo ha gy ra sai s
trong php o ca bo v so lch bo v c th tc ng nhm. R le 7SS52x
c trang b cc gii thut x l tin tin gim thiu nh hng ca hin tng
bo ha my bin dng , c bn cc gii thut ny gm cc phn sau:
- Dng so lch l tng vecto ca cc dng in vo/ra h thng thanh gp
- Phng thc hm bo v
+ S dng dng in hm: l tng i s ca cc dng in vo/ra h thng
thanh gp
+ nh gi, x l tn hiu theo tng na chu k (c bit c tc dng
chng li nh hng ca thnh phn dng mt chiu dc trong dng s c)
- Phng thc m bo thi gian tc ng nhanh: nh gi dng in ngay
trong vi mili giy u tin khi s c xut hin khi bin dng cha kp b bo ha.
Chi tit s trnh by trong cc mc tip sau.
I.6.2. Gii thut lm vic vi gi tr tc thi ca dng in
I.6.2.1. Dng in hm
Dng in hm c hnh thnh da trn tng i s ca tt c cc dng in
o c, mc ch s dng dng hm l trnh cho bo v tc ng nhm. Dng
in hm c x l qua khu smoothing, do gi tr ca dng hm lun gi c
xu th n nh, th hin gi tr tc thi ca dng hm v gi tr sau khi qua khu
smoothing.

77
Hnh 1.76. Dng in hm trong r le 7SS52x
I.6.2.2. c tnh lm vic ca bo v so lch thanh gp 7SS52x

c tnh lm vic ca bo v so lch thanh gp phi tnh ti tt c cc yu t
nh ln ca dng ngn mch min/max, c tnh v ti ca CT, ch ni t ca
h thngc tnh lm vic ca bo v 7SS52x c xc nh bi hai i lng:
H s hm k v gii hn dng in so lch Id>.
Dng in hm IS,mod trn hnh 1.77 l dng in sau khi qua khu
(Thut ton) lm mn (Smoothing), v tng t vi r le so lch 7UT6xx th dng
in cng c th hin trong h n v tng i so vi dng nh mc. Do ch
bnh thng dng in so lch s rt b nn trc X (Trc honh) trn hnh 1.76
cn c coi l ng c tnh ti.
Hnh 1.77. c tnh lm vic ca BVSL thanh gp 7SS52x

78
H s hm c th t t 0,1 0,8 cho cc vng bo v so lch ring bit cho

tng thanh gp v t t 0 0,8 cho chc nng kim tra (Check zone).
I.6.2.3. c tnh tc ng nhy cao
R le c trang b thm c tnh vi nhy cao (thc cht l h thp mt phn
c tnh tc ng). Chc nng ny s c kch hot ti khi iu khin trung tm
(central unit) thng qua mt u vo nh phn ty t.
Chc nng ny ph hp vi cc h thng c dng chm t b, v d nh li
in c trung tnh ni t qua tng tr cao. Chc nng ny c khi ng khi xy
ra s c mt pha (vi iu kin Sens. charact. (6320A/CU) c t ch
Released)
Hnh 1.78. c tnh tc ng nhy cao
Gi tr ci t ca dng khi ng ngng thp Id> BZ: trc tin cn xc

nh ln ca dng ngn mch nh nht c th xut hin, gi tr ca Id> BZ nn
nh hn khong 20% so vi gi tr dng ngn mch ny. Mt khc trnh trng
hp mch dng ca mt ngn l no b h hng c th gy dng so lch bng
ng dng in ca ngn l th ngng khi ng Id> BZ phi t ln hn
30% so vi dng ti ln nht ca cc ngn l. Gi tr chnh nh c th nh sau
1.3 I max feeder < I d BZ < 0.8 I short circuit min .

Gi tr Id> BZ s. char. (6109A/CU) dng chnh nh gi tr khi ng
cho c tnh tc ng nhy cao, do c tnh ny dng cc h thng c dng
chm t b, thm ch nh hn c dng ti (Trung tnh ni t qua tng tr cao),
nn dng khi ng ny thng t thp hn dng ti danh nh. V tng t dng

79
khi ng ny nn nh hn 20% so vi dng ngn mch nh nht m bo

nhy.
Tuy nhin, khi xy ra s c mch dng mt ngn l lc ti ang cao c th
lm chc nng ny tc ng nhm, ngn nga hin tng ny c th s dng
thm kha in p th t khng (U0).
I.6.2.4. nhgi dng in ngay giai on du khi s c xut hin
ch bnh thng, t thng trong mch t ca CT ch chim vi phn trm
so vi ngng bo ha do cc CT dng cho mc ch bo v thng c h s gii
hn dng in cao. Do t thng c gi tr nh nn khi xy ra s c mch t s
khng th bo ha ngay lp tc m cn c mt thi gian tr t thng tng ti gi
tr bo ha, trong thi gian tr ny th CT vn hot ng chnh xc thng tin v
dng in trong khong vi mili giy sau s c l mt i lng c th tin cy x
l.
R le 7SS52x c trang b thut ton s dng tn hiu trong nhng mili giy
u tin khi s c xy ra. pht hin s c th r le cn c theo tc bin thin
dng in chy qua i tng (Thc cht l gim st tc bin thin dng in
hm dIS/dt). Khi tc bin thin vt qu ngng ch bo ca s c xut hin
th r le s kim tra im lm vic trn c tnh tc ng (Hnh 1.77), nu im lm
vic ri vo vng tc ng th r le s tc ng vi logic 1 out of 1 trong khong
3 mili giy, nu s c c xc nh ngoi vng th logic 1 out of 1 s b kha
khong 150 mili giy. Nu khng pht hin s c trong khong rt ngn ny th r
le s tr v ch tc ng bnh thng (Logic 2 out of 2).
I.6.2.5. Chc nng hm cho (Cross stabilisation)
Vi cc h thng s dng thit b GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear), do khong
cch gia cc phn t mang in rt ngn nn khi xy ra s c mt pha c th gy
nn dng in cm ng ln pha cn li, trong mt s trng hp dng cm ng
ny c th gy tc ng nhm. R le 7SS52x c chc nng hm cho: s dng dng
in s c rt ln ca mt pha (khi s c ngoi) hm bo v. Chc nng hm
cho ny c th p dng cho c vng bo v chnh v vng kim tra (Check zone)
I.6.3. Check Zone (Vng kim tra)
Chc nng kim tra vng tc ng c tch hp trong cc r le 7SS51 &
7SS52. Nguyn tc hot ng ca chc nng ny nh sau: phng khi xy ra
s c h hng mch dng trong mt ngn l c th lm r le tc ng nhm th gi
tr ci t ca r le c th c chnh nh ln hn dng ti ln nht trong s cc
ngn l, gi php th hai l s dng chc nng kim tra vng (Check zone) nh trn
hnh 1.79. Cc bo v so lch cho tng h thng thanh gp l ISS1 & ISS2 c
80
nhim v bo v cho tng thanh gp ring bit, ngoi ra cn c thm bo v Icheck

lm chc nng bo v chung cho c h thng thanh gp.
Hnh 1.79. Chc nng check zone ca BVSL thanh gp
- Khi xy ra s c mt mch dng ca mt bo v th ch ring bo v khi

ng; bo v Icheck hon ton khng hot ng h thng bo v s khng tc
ng.
- Khi xy ra s c thc: C bo v ca phn on thanh gp b s c v bo v
Icheck s cng khi ng h thng bo v s tc ng.
Tuy nhin khi s dng chc nng check zone vi h thng nhiu thanh gp th
c th xy ra hin tng qu hm (Dng hm qu ln) theo nh v d trn hnh
1.80.
Dng hm trong trng hp trn y bao gm hai ln dng in I3 + I4, r le
c s dng thut ton sau y x l trng hp ny. Dng in hm s c tnh
theo hai cch, cch th nht l theo tng dng i vo h thng thanh gp v cch
th hai l theo tng dng i ra dng hm thc t c s dng s l gi tr nh
nht tnh theo hai cch trn, nh vy s trnh c hin tng qu hm i vi bo
v kim tra vng (Check zone).
&
Hnh 1.80. Hin tng qu hm khi thc hin BVSL cho h thng nhiu thanh gp

81
CHNG II. TNH TON CC THNG S BO V
II.1. Tnh ton thng s ci t cho rle qu dng in (I0> hay 50& 51; 50N &
51N)
Nguyn l bo v qu dng l hon ton tng t v khng thay i cho cc
loi rle, tuy nhin cch tnh ton cc gi tr ci t thay i ty theo quan im ca
ngi thit k, thm ch quan im tnh ton ca cc nh thit k phng ty c
khc vi cc quan im ca Lin X c, do rt kh a ra mt chun tnh
ton ci t chung. Cc tnh ton v tham s a ra trong ti liu ny da trn cc
khuyn co ca hng Siemens v ph hp vi cc mc ci t ca rle Siemens.
i tng tnh ton l mt my bin p:
Hnh 2.1. Thng s h thng cn bo v
Cn c vo cng sut ngn mch ca h thng l 250MVA v tham s ca

my bin p (Cng sut v Uk%), c th tnh ra c ln dng ngn mch ti
thanh gp cao p v h p, dng nh mc cc pha (Bng 2.1).
- Chc nng bo v qu dng pha ct nhanh (I>> hay 50) (tham kho ti liu
ca lp o to c bn v chc nng ny):

82
Bng 2.1. Thng s tnh ton c
Dng khi ng ca chc nng ny chn theo hai iu kin:

a. Chn ln hn dng ngn mch ln nht ngoi vng: Theo cng thc
Trong :
IN transfo: Dng danh nh ca my bin p;
IN CT: Dng danh nh ca my bin dng (N: Nominal);
Uk transfo: in p ngn mch phn trm.
Tnh ton theo cng thc ny cho gi tr khi ng phi chn ln hn 700A.
b. Chn ln hn 10 ln dng danh nh bin dng
Mc ch chn ln hn 10 ln dng danh nh bin dng trnh trng hp
cng sut ngn mch ca h thng c th thay i, dng ngn mch bin i. Vi
dng danh nh CT pha cao p l 100A chn gi tr khi ng theo tnh ton ny
l 10*100A=1000A
So snh gi tr tnh ton theo (a) & (b) gi tr khi ng t l I>>k
=1000A hay tng ng vi 1A pha th cp.
Thi gian tc ng ca chc nng ny thng t l 0 giy, tuy nhin trnh
bo v tc ng nhm khi ng xung kch my bin p th c th t thi gian ny
tr (V d: 50 mili giy)
83
- Chc nng bo v qu dng pha c thi gian (I> hay 51)

Nguyn tc ci t cho chc nng ny l bo v khng c php tc ng khi
xy ra qu ti, v y l chc nng bo v chng ngn mch ch khng phi chng
qu ti. Xut pht t quan im ny c th t nh sau:
+ Vi ng dy: t ln hn 20% dng ti ln nht (Gm c qu ti)
+ Vi ng c, my bin p: t ln hn 40% dng ti ln nht (Gm c qu
ti)
+ Thi gian tc ng phi hp vi cc bo v ln cn.
+ Khi ci t vo rle nu khng dng chc nng ny c th t thi gian tc
ng l v cng hoc t dng khi ng l v cng.
Vi v d trn, c th tnh ton dng khi ng nh sau
Nh vy gi tr khi ng s l I>k =1A.
- Chc nng bo v qu dng th t khng ct nhanh (I0>> hay 50N): Cch

tnh hon ton tng t vi chc nng bo v qu dng pha ct nhanh. Dng khi
ng ca bo v phi m bo ln hn dng TTK ln nht khi c s c chm t
pha h p. Thi gian ci t cng tng t.
- Chc nng bo v qu dng th t khng c thi gian: Dng khi ng ca
chc nng ny t ln hn dng khng cn bng ln nht (Khi qu ti) v khng
84
ln hn dng TTK nh nht c th xut hin, tuy nhin vn nh hn dng ngn

mch nh nht.
- Trong trng hp c dng xung kch ln khi thc hin bo v cho my bin
p th c th kch hot chc nng hm theo sng hi ca h rle 7SJ62.
II.2. Tnh ton thng s ci t cho rle khong cch (Z< hay 21)
Cc tnh ton sau y p dng vi ng dy truyn ti. S mt si ca h
thng cn bo v nh sau :
Hnh 2.2. Bo v khong cch cho ng dy truyn ti 1 (Line 1)

85
Cc chnh nh c lit k bng 2.2.

Bng 2.2. Phm vi chnh nh ca cc vng bo v
Thng s ca h thng v ng dy 1 c lit k bng 2.3.

Bng 2.3. Thng s chi tit ca h thng v ng dy

86
Dng in ngn mch nh nht cui ng dy cn bo v: I fault =
U source
3 Z tot
vi Ztot l tng tr t ngun n ht ng dy 1

Ztot=Zsource+Zline 1
dng ngn mch 3 pha nh nht l I 3 ph min =
400kV
3 117.4
= 1967 A
Tng t tnh ton dng ngn mch mt pha nh nht ti cui ng dy 1:

I1ph min = 3
400kV
3
1
Z1tot + Z 2tot + Z 0tot
= 1380 A
Nu s c chm t bao gm c in tr ti im s c (Ln nht l 250) th

gi tr dng chm t 1 pha nh nht l:
I1ph min_ R = 3
400kV
3
( Z1tot + Z 2 tot
1
= 729 A
+ Z 0tot ) + 3 RF
Sau khi c cc tnh ton s b, m phn mm DIGSI v la chn cc chc

nng bo v:
Hnh 2.3. La chn cc chc nng bo v

87
Cc thng s chnh th hin gm c:

- Setting Group Change Option: Cho php ci t v thay i nhanh gia 4
nhm ci t sn (A, B, C, D), tuy nhin do trong v dn ny ch t mt nhm nn
chc nng ny t l Disabled.
- Trip mode: Vi cc ng dy cao p, thng s dng t ng li mt pha,
do la chn chc nng 1-3/pole cho php ct mt pha hoc c 3 pha
- Phase Distance: La chn c tnh lm vic, c tnh c la chn l loi t
gic, tng t vi s c chm t
- Power Swing Detection: Pht hin hin tng dao dng in, vi ng dy
400kV thng chc nng ny nn s dng.
- Teleprotection for Distance Prot: Lin ng gia bo v khong cch hai
u ng dy, m bo ct nhanh s c trn ton b ng dy. Phng thc lin
ng c la chn l POTT
- DTT Direct Transfer Trip: Chc nng truyn tn hiu ct trc tip, trong v
d ny khng s dng phng thc ny.
- Instantaneous High Speed SOTF: Chc nng chng ng vo im s c
- Weak Infeed: Chc nng bo v chng hin tng ngun yu hoc m my
ct u i din.
- Backup overcurrent: Chc nng bo v d phng, c tc dng khi bo v
khong cch b kha, v d do mt p th cp VT.
- Earth Fault overcurrent: Bo v qu dng TTK, bo v ny c nhy cao
vi cc s c chm t, do nn c s dng
- Teleprotection for Earth fault Overcurr.: Tng t lin ng trong bo v
khong cch, chc nng lin ng i vi bo v qu dng chm t c th c p
dng.
- Auto-Reclose Function: Chc nng t ng li, vi ng dy cao p theo
khuyn co nn p dng t ng li 1 ln (1 AR-cycle)
- Auto-Reclose control mode: La chn with Trip and Action time c
ngha l chc nng t ng li s c khi ng khi bo v tc ng (Trip). Thng
thng nu tn hiu ct l do bo v d phng (C tr) th khng khi ng chc
nng t ng li, do s s dng khu gim st thi gian (Action time). Bng cch
gim st thi gian t khi s c xut hin n khi bo v tc ng th c th phn bit
c s c c loi tr bng bo v ct nhanh hay c tr t kha chc nng
t ng li.
- Synchronism and Voltage Check: Chc nng kim tra ng b
- Fault Locator: chc nng nh v s c

88
- Trip Circuit Supervision: Gim st mch ct (Trong v d ny khng s

dng)
Phn tip theo l tnh ton cho nhm ci t A (Group A)
Hnh 2.4. Cc chc nng trong mt nhm ci t (nhm A)
- Power System Data 2: Ci t cc tham s chung, cc tham s ny c th

khc nhau cho mi nhm ci t (A, B, C, D)
Hnh 2.5. Cc ci t cho Power System Data 2ca nhm ci t A
+ Measurement: Full Scale Voltage (100 %): Chc nng cn thit khi rle tnh
ton in p theo t l phn trm.

89
+ Measurement: Full Scale Current (100%): Tng t vi chc nng trn.

ln ca dng in nh mc tnh theo (cng sut ti ln nht l 600MVA theo bng
2.3)
+ Line Angle: Gc tng tr ng dy
- Angle of inclination, distance charact.: Gc nghing ca c tnh lm vic

ca chc nng bo v khong cch. Thng gc nghing ny t bng gc tng tr
c tnh lm vic c xc nh m nhiu theo hng trc R ( m bo hot
ng chnh xc vi cc s c chm t qua in tr)
+ P,Q operational measured values sign: Theo mc nh dng cng sut P, Q
s c gi tr dng nu chy vo i tng c bo v, trng hp mun i du
ca cc i lng ny cn t l reversed.
+ x-Line Reactance per length unit: in khng ca mt n v ng dy,
phc v cho vic tnh ton khong cch n im s c. in khng n v ca mt
km ng dy l 0.21 /km, qui i v pha th cp
+ Line Length: chiu di ng dy (80km)

+ Zero seq. comp. factor RE/RL for Z1: H s b th t khng cho in tr
vng 1 (Tng t cho in khng) v cc vng khc
- Distance protection, General Settings (settinng group A):

90
Hnh 2.6. Ci t chc nng bo v khong cch nhm A
+ Distance protection is: bt chc nng ny (ON)

+ Phase Current threshold for dist. meas.: Chc nng bo v khong cch ch
lm vic khi dng in vt qu mt ngng ti thiu no . Nu dng in qu
nh khi xy ra s c th c th phi s dng n chc nng bo v ngun yu. Do
chc nng ny nn t thp, thng gi tr ci t l 10% (Tng ng 0,1A vi
loi CT c dng th cp 1A)
+ Angle of inclination, distance charact.: Gc nghing ca c tnh (Bng gc
nghing tng tr ng dy)
+ Series compensated line: p dng cho cc ng dy c t b dc
+ Instantaneous trip after SwitchOnToFault: Chc nng chng ng vo im
s c. Thng thng mt bo v khng chn lc s c kch hot cho chc nng
ny.

91
Thng thng la chnWith Zone Z1B c s dng (Tm vi 120200%).

Khi s dng la chn With pickup th bo v th chc nng SOTF ny c th hay
hot ng nhm do vng vi ca bo v qu ln (Vng bo v), bo v c th tc
ng nhm do dng xung kch khi ng my bin p hay ng c ln.
+ Chc nng chng chng ln ti : xc nh theo hai i lng l m v
trc R v gc m. C cc gi tr ci t ring bit cho c tnh pha-pha & pha-t.
Hnh 2.7. c tnh chng ln ti
+ R load, minimum Load Impedance (ph-e): in tr ti nh nht c th xut

hin vi c tnh bo v chng chm t. Cc a ch t 12411244 dng xc
nh vng chng ln ti. xc nh vng ny cn bit in tr ti nh nht v gc
ti ln nht c th xut hin (Tnh ton gi thit in p vn hnh thp nht cho
php l 85%)
Gi tr tng tr ti ny qui i v th cp thnh 23,8 .

+ PHI load, maximum Load Angle (ph-e) vi c tnh bo v chng chm t:
Gc tng tr ti ln nht, c xc nh khi ti c h s cng sut nh nht

92
+ R load, minimum Load Impedance (ph-ph): in tr ti nh nht c th xut

hin vi c tnh bo v chng s c pha-pha. Tham s ny c th t tng t vi
t tnh bo v chng s c pha-t (23,8 ).
+ PHI load, maximum Load Angle (ph-ph) vi c tnh bo v chng s c
pha-pha: Tng t t 260
+ Single pole trip for faults in Z2: C s dng ct mt pha vi cc bo v vng
2 hay khng.
+ Z1B enabled before 1st AR (int. or ext.): S dng chc nng tng tc bo v
trc khi t ng li (cho php bo v khng chn lc Z1B hot ng trc khi t
ng li)
- Ci vng 1 ca bo v khong cch: p dng i vi c tnh t gic
Hnh 2.8. Cc ci t cho Vng 1 ca bo v khong cch
+ Operating mode Z1: La chn l Forward (Vng bo v nhn v pha ng

dy)
+ R(Z1), Resistance for ph-ph faults: Vi c tnh t gic th phi ci t cc
gi tr R & X ring. Cc gi tr ny khc nhau cho c tnh pha-pha & pha-t.
nghing ca c tnh c chn bng gc nghing tng tr ng dy,
do v pha trc R cn m rng c th bao trn c in tr h quang ti im
s c. in tr h quang c th tnh theo cng thc gn ng:
Trong in p h quang Uarc c th tnh theo cng thc sau (Cch tnh ny
thng cho kt qu in tr h quang ln hn thc t, iu ny m bo bo v s
lm vic chnh xc):
, vi larc l chiu di ca h quang. Thng
thng chiu di h quang xut hin ln hn khong cch pha-pha do h quang c

93
dng ng vng cung, mt cch gn ng c th ly chiu di ny bng 2 ln

khong cch pha-pha:
c mt mc d phng, thng gi tr ny c ly ln hn 20%, nh

vy gi tr in tr h quang sau khi qui i v th cp l:
Gi tr ny c chia 2 v tng tr c rle tnh theo mch vng pha-pha, cn

gi tr ci t l cho tng pha ring bit.
Gi tr ny c coi l m v trc R nh nht bao gm c in tr h
quang, ty theo gi tr t ca X m c th m rng thm v pha trc R m bo
c tnh c tnh i xng. Theo quan im ny v kt hp vi kinh nghim, gi tr
ny t nh sau:
0.8 X(Z1) < R(Z1) < 2.5 X(Z1)
Gi thit in khng vng 1 l 3,537 th gi tr R vng 1 nn t l:
R(Z1) = 0,8 3,537 = 2,830 (th cp).
So snh gi tr 2,01 v 2,830 th chn gi tr ln hn 2,830 t cho in tr

vng 1 R(Z1).
+ X(Z1), Reactance: Gi tr in khng vng 1, gi tr ny t bng 80% in
khng ng dy. Do :
X(Z1) = 0.8 XLine 1

94
X(Z1) = 0.8 80 0.021 = 13.44 (S cp)
Qui i v pha th cp
X(Z1) = 13.44 0.2632 = 3.537 (th cp)
+ RE(Z1), Resistance for ph-e faults: in tr vng 1 cho c tnh s c phat. Vi s c chm t th trong mch vng tnh ton c s tham gia ca khng
nhng ca in tr h quang m c in tr ni t ct in. Mc d in tr ni t
ca mt ct in l 15, tuy nhin do c nhiu ct in cng ni t song song nn
in tr ny c gim i v gi tr cui cng l 1,5 .
Ngoi ra cn mt yu t khc gp phn vo mch vng tnh ton tng tr khi
s c chm t, l ngun pha u i din cng gp dng in chy qua in
tr ni t ct in gy ra in p ging trn in tr ny, in p ging ny cng
bao gm trong mch tnh ton
Hnh 2.9. nh hng ca ngun pha i din
loi tr nh hng ca dng pha ngun i din cn bit t s dng in

gp t pha i din (theo thng s ban u th t s I2/I1=3). Vy in tr ni t
ct in tng ng c th tnh theo :

95
in p h quang v in tr h quang cho s c pha t tnh theo
v
Nh vy tng in tr m c tnh pha-t phi bao ph gm c in tr ni
t tng ng ca ct in v in tr h quang ny.
Gi tr thc t ci vo trong rle bao gm thm 20% d phng v chia cho t
s (1 + RE/RL) v Rarc and RTF xut hin trong mch vng tnh ton nhng gi tr
ci t li t cho tng pha:
Tng t vi c tnh pha-pha, m ca c tnh v pha trc R c th tng

ln m bo tnh i xng vi gi tr X ca c tnh tc ng. Cng thc kinh
nghim :
Do RE(Z1)=0,8*3,537=2,83 (Th cp)

- Ci vng 1 m rng ca bo v khong cch (Zone Z1B): p dng i vi
cc bo v c s dng chc nng lin ng POTT
Hnh 2.10. Cc ci t cho Vng 1 m rng Z1B

96
Vng m rng ny c t bao trm c chiu di ng dy c bo v, gi

tr ti thiu 120%, tuy nhin trong thc t thng t 150%
- Vng m rng theo trc R chn theo 2 iu kin tng t nh tnh ton cho
R(Z1) ca vng 1:
+ Chn bao gm c in tr h quang
+ Chn m bo tnh i xng ca c tnh X(Z1B) < R(Z1) < 4*X(Z1)
Trong hai gi tr ny chn gi tr no ln hn ci t
- Vng m rng theo chiu in khng: Chn theo 150% in khng ca
ng dy cn bo v
- Vng m rng theo trc in tr cho c tnh pha-t: Chn m bo bao
gm c in tr h quang ti im s c v theo kinh nghim
- Tnh ton hon ton tng t cho vng Z2 & Z3

II.3. Tnh ton thng s ci t cho rle so lch (I hay 87)
Bo v so lch thng dng lm bo v chnh cho cc my bin p, thanh gp,
ng dy quan trng, cp in p cao. S phng thc bo v n gin ca
my bin p ba cun dy th hin trn hnh 2.11. Thng thng cc rle so lch
bao gm c chc nng bo v qu dng, tuy nhin nng cao tin cy th thng
chc nng bo v qu dng s dng rle ring bit, chc nng bo v qu dng
trong rle so lch ch lm d phng cho cc bo v cp di.
Ci t chc nng bo v so lch cho my bin p cn mt s bc nh sau:
- Vo thng s ca i tng c bo v
- Ch nh a im o (V tr t CT)
Hnh 2.11. Bo v my
bin p 3 cun dy

97
Hnh 2.12. V d v v tr t bin dng o lng cc pha
Vi v d trn h nh 2.12 th cc pha ca my bin p c xc nh nh sau:

- S1: Pha cao p ca my bin p. Pha S1 thng c la chn nh cun
dy tham chiu, khng c lch pha in p, thng la chn pha cao p.
- S2: Pha h p
- S3: Cun dy th ba ca my bin p
Cc v tr o lng c ch nh nh sau:
- M1: o lng cho cc i lng pha 1
- M2 & 3: o lng cho cc i lng pha 2 & 3
Vi cun dy pha S1 thng cn cc thng s sau:
- in p dy nh mc UN (kV)
- Cng sut nh mc
- Trng thi ni t ca cun dy
- T u dy my bin p
Thng thng dng in chy pha th cp ca my bin p/ dng danh nh
CT khng bng vi t s ca pha s cp, do cn c thao tc u tin l hiu
chnh s sai lch ny (Bng phn mm trong rle) nh th hin trn hnh 2.13.

98
Hnh 2.13. Bin i ph hp dng in cc pha trc khi thc hin BV so lch
Do my bin p c t du dy pha s cp & th cp khc nhau nn dng in hai

pha c th lch nhau mt gc no d rle c thut ton hiu chnh s lch
pha ny (Hnh 2.14).
Hnh 2.14. Bin i ph hp gc pha (trong ni b rle)

99
c tnh tc ng ca rle th hin trn
Hnh2.15. c tnh tc ng ca rle so lch
Cc gi tr ci t cho c tnh ny
- Dng so lch ngng thp (c tnh thp nht: gi tr 0,2IN (IN: Dng danh
nh ca my bin p), thng t ngng 0,25IN.
- dc ca c tnh th hai: c tnh thng c t dc vi dc 25%,
v tr im c s v dc ca c tnh tnh ti sai s ca CT do cc yu t khc.
- c tnh hm b sung cng ci t vi dc trng vi c tnh 1 v im
c s theo mc nh l 4.
- c tnh th 3 cng c khuyn co ci t theo nha sn xut
- c tnh so lch ngng cao: dc bng 0, hot ng khi s c ri vo
trong vng bo v, khi khng cn tc dng hm. Gi tr ci t ny tng t cho
bo v ca cc nc khc.
Do , vi BV so lch th cc gi tr ci t thng ly mc nh, duy nht
tham s cn chnh l dng so lch ngng cao (Chnh theo Uk%) v thi gian tc
ng ca bo v.

100
CHNG III. CI T R LE CA SIEMENS

CH OFFLINE TRN MY TNH
III.1. Cc yu cu chung
Vic truy nhp v chnh nh rle ca SIEMENS c th thc hin bng my
tnh c trang b phn mm DIGSI. Mc ch truy nhp vo rle c v thay i
cc tham s chnh nh, ly cc bn ghi s kin, s c cng nh cc thng s vn
hnh khc. Cc thng tin ly c c th d dng lu tr v gi n cc n v lin
quan nhm mc ch iu tra, x l s c t xa.
Phn mm DIGSI 4 c thit k theo dng modun, gm cc modun chnh sau
y:
- Display Editor: Dng to v chnh sa cc s mt si hin th trn mn
hnh rle
- SIGRA: Hin th dng sng ca cc bn ghi s c v phn tch
- CFC: lp trnh to cc chc nng mi hoc thay i cc s logic c
sn trong rle
- Yu cu chung v phn cng:
+ My tnh xch tay c ci t phn mm giao tip DIGSI 4.8 v Driver ca
cc loi rle SIEMENS.
+ Cc driver thng c sn trong b ci, tuy nhin nu thiu c th ti v t
trang web ca hng: http://siemens.siprotec.de/download_neu/index_e.htm
+ Cp kt ni: Cp chuyn i cng USB sang COM, cp cng COM loi 9
chn hoc 25 chn ty loi rle.

101
III.2. Cc bc thc hin

1. Khi ng my tnh v cm cp ni vi cng truyn thng mt trc rle
- Khi ng phn mm DIGSI.
2. Vo File -> New, trong mc Name g tn ca Project ( V d: Test). Project

ny ch cn to trong ln u. Nhng ln s dng tip theo ch cn vo File ->
Open v chn tn Project c sn.

102
3. To cc th mc theo tn ngn l d dng qun l: Nhp chut phi vo

mn hnh trng, chn Folder, g tn th mc.
4. Sau khi to cc th mc, vo th mc tng ng ngn l cn khai thc d
liu, nhp chut phi chn Device -> Digsi (Plug & Play). Chn version ca rle (Cc
rle i mi l SIPROTEC 4).
Chn kiu kt ni Direct (Trc tip) v cng giao din vi my tnh (PC
Interface) l COM1.
5. Phn mm DIGSI 4 s t ng xc nh kiu thit b ang c kt ni cu

hnh v c cc d liu lu tr trong thit b sau vi pht kt ni. Chn File -> Save
ghi li ton b d liu (Save process data). Ton b thng tin v cu hnh, chnh
nh, cc bn ghi s kin, s c v cc bn ghi dng sng dng in, in p ti cc
thi im xy ra s c m rle bt c s c ti v lu vo my tnh.
103
6. Sau khi c v lu cc d liu t rle vo my tnh ta c th ngt kt ni vi

rle ri x l d liu ch off-line. Trong ch ny ta c th nghin cu tng
mc v in ra mt cch d dng.

104
7. Nu mun gi nhng d liu c c ra t mt rle qua ng nh km

file trong email hoc cc thit b lu tr khc ta phi xut cc d liu thnh mt
file duy nht. Cc bc tin hnh nh sau:
- Ti d liu t rle v my tnh
- Ngt kt ni vi rle
- Nhp chut phi vo biu tng rle mi ti v, chn mc Export device, chn
ng dn v sa tn file nu mun, nhn OK.
File xut ra c nh dng *.de2, *.de3, *.dex tu theo version ca tng rle hoc
nh dng *.xrio phc v cho vic th nghim rle.
III.3. Thay i cc gi tr chnh nh ca rle
thay i cc gi tr chnh nh, tt nht nn thc hin ch offline v
sau mi ti vo rle. Chuyn sang ch Offline bng cch vo Device
Switch On/Offline
Pha bn tri mn hnh s l cc th mc nh Settings, Annunciation,

Measurement, Oscillographic Records. Click vo mc Settings th mn hn bn phi s
hin th cc chc nng nm trong mc ny:

105
Cc chc nng trong mc ny c ngha nh sau:

- Device configuration: Cho php chnh nh tt/bt cc chc nng bo v v
chc nng lin quan
- Power System Data 1: Cc thng tin v i tng c bo v, bin dng

in, bin in p, my ct..

106
D liu cu trc theo dng cc th, click vo th tng ng thay i d

liu.
- Setting Group A: Cha cc thng tin v cc gi tr ci t, chnh nh cho
chc nng bo v v gim st. Click vo cc mc mun chnh nh, mt ca s mi
tng ng vi chc nng ny s m ra.

107
- Masking I/O (Configuration Matrix): Chc nng ny s dng thay i,

gn cc chc nng cho cc n LED hin th, gn cc chc nng cho cc u vo/ra
ca rle. Cu trc ca phn ny tng t nh mt bn tnh Excel vi cc chc nng
b tr theo hng, cn cc ct l cc chnh nh tng ng.
Khi click vo Masking I/O (Configuration Matrix) s hin ra mt bng, vi
hu ht mu xm. xem chi tit, click p vo cc ch bn tri (Device, P.
System Data 1, ...)
- Click p vo Device hin th thm thng tin, gi thit ta mun thay i

mt s hin th, cc bc nh sau:
+ Gi thit cn lin kt ch bo rng khi c tn hiu ra nh phn ti u vo
3 th rle s khi ng ch Test Mode: a chut vo ni giao nhau ca hng
Test Mode v ct BI s 3, nhn phi chut, chn H (Active with voltage) nh
vy ta lin kt mt u vo nh phn vi mt chc nng trong rle.

108
+ Gi thit tip theo l ta mun mt n LED s sng ch bo ch ny, v

n LED s tt khi ch ny kt thc. Chn ni giao nhau gia hng Test Mode
v ct LED s 5, chn phi chut, chn Unlatched (C ngha l n LED 5 ny s
sng chng no chc nng Test Mode ang c kch hot v t gii tr khi chc
nng ny kt thc). Chn Latched c ngha l chc nng ny yu cu gii tr tn
hiu (LED) bng tay.
+ Nu mun hin th cc thng tin ny h thng iu khin ca trm v gi
ti h thng SCADA th chn tng t (chn X) hng S (System Interface).

109
CHNG IV. TH NGHIM KIM TRA C TNH TC NG

CA R LE SIEMENS
IV.1. Gii thiu hp b th nghim rle CMC 356 (Omicron) v phn mm
iu khin Test Universe
Hnh 4.1. Mt trc hp b th nghim CMC356
Hp b th nghim CMC 356 ca hng OMICRON c thit k cho cng tc

th nghim cc thit b bo v rle. Hp b th nghim ny i km theo vi phn
mm iu khin OMICRON Test Universe, tt c cc thao tc chun b i tng
th nghim, chun b cc trnh t th nghim.. u c th thc hin trc bng phn
mm Test Universe. Phn mm DIGSI ca SIEMENS cho php xut ra cc file cu
hnh tng thch vi Test Universe, iu c ngha l hon ton c th trch xut
tham s ci t & cu hnh trc tip t rle sau chuyn sang hp b th nghim
mt cch d dng, gim thi gian chun b th nghim. Vi cc hng rle khc c
th s dng phn mm chuyn i chuyn dng (XRIO Convert) i cc file d
liu ci t v nh dng ph hp vi phn mm Test Universe.
Ngoi ra phn mm cn cho php s dng cc bn ghi s c ly ra t rle
m phng, iu khin b pht dng v p CMC 356, qua kim tra phn ng ng
ca rle vi s c thc xy ra (Transplay). Chc nng pht sng hi cho php
kim tra kh nng hm theo sng hi ca bo v so lch my bin p. thun tin
cho vic th nghim cc rle ring l th hp b th nghim c c chc nng pht
ngun mt chiu dc lm ngun nui rle.
IV.2. Thao tc kt ni
Thao tc kt ni m bo ni ng my tnh iu khin v hp b th nghim.
Do cc thit b CMC kt ni vi my tnh qua cng Ethernet nn c th t mt my
tnh kt ni ti bt c thit b CMC no trong mng, iu ny c th gy nguy him
nu v tnh vn hnh pht dng & p cho mt thit b CMC u khng trong

110
tm kim sot. ngn chn tnh trn ny thit b CMC c trang b mt c cu

kt ni bao gm c thao tc bm nt chp nhn.
Hnh 4.2. Mt sau hp b CMC 356
Trnh t kt ni nh sau:
1. Kt ni cp gia hp b v my tnh - Khi ng phn mm Omicron Test
Universe v bt hp b th nghim.
2. Ti giao din phn mm Omicron Test Universe chn mc Setup Test
Set Association.
Ti ca s mi hin ra chn Search tm kim thit b CMC ang c ni
vo.
3. Thit b hp b th nghim c tm thy s c lit k phn trng trng

bn di, bao gm tn thit b, m s, Click chn thit b va c nhn dng
click vo mc Associate

111
4. Sau my tnh s thc hin thao tc kt ni vi hp b th nghim, trong

qu trnh s c yu cu bm nt Associate pha ng sau hp b (Hnh 4.2). Bm
nt ny v qu trnh kt ni gia my tnh vi hp b s hon tt, khi qu trnh kt
ni thnh cng c th nhn thy biu tng ni thng pha di bn phi giao din.
5. Cc thng tin v my tnh ang kt ni s c lu tr trong hp b.
IV.3. u ni gia hp b th nghim v rle
Hp b th nghim c cc u ra in p v dng in
u ni cc u ra ny vo cc u vo p & dng tng ng ca rle (Cc

u vo dng v p ca rle thay i ty theo chng loi rle v c ch r trong
cc ti liu i km ca rle)
Hp b th nghim cn c cc u vo nh phn/ tng t:
Cc u vo ny hon ton c th lp trnh tr thnh u vo nh phn hoc

u vo tng t (Chc nng u vo tng t s dng khi dng chc nng o
lng ca hp b th nghim).
Cc u vo nh phn thng c ni ti cc tip im u ra ca rle, khi
rle tc ng th tn hiu u ra ca rle s gi ti hp b qua u vo nh phn
ra lnh dng ng h thi gian (V d khi cn o thi gian tc ng), hoc dng
bm dng (V d khi xc nh ngng khi ng ca rle),
Hp b th nghim cn c ngun dc cp ra nui rle, in p ny c th thay
i t 0V264V: Ti giao din chnh ca Omicron Test Universe, chn Aux DC
la chn mc in p mong mun.

112
Chi tit v cc u vo/ ra mt trc ca hp b th nghim th hin trn hnh

4.3.
Hnh 4.3. Mt trc hp b th nghim CMC 256 (Tng t vi CMC 356)
IV.4. La chn phng thc kim tra

Vic chun b s liu v trnh t test rle c thc hin trn phn mm
Omicron Test Universe. C th thc hin cc bc chun b dng & p bng tay
hoc s dng cc khi chc nng c thit k ring cho cc loi rle. Giao din
chnh ca phn mm c cc nhm chc nng chnh cn ch sau y:
a) Quick CMC: Chc nng cho php thc hin cc thao tc iu chnh, bm
dng & p bng tay. Chc nng ny cho php iu chnh dng in, in p theo
cc gi tr a vo, ng thi c th iu chnh cc gi tr ny bng cch trc tip
ko - th cc vecto (Thay i c ln v gc pha trc quan)
C th la chn cc phng thc vo s liu nh sau:

113
- Direct: Trc tip vo s liu dng & p pha, c th s dng chc nng ko
th t th vecto lin k.
- Line-Line: iu chnh theo in p dy.
- Symmetrical Components: iu chnh theo cc thnh phn i xng ca
dng & p.
- Fault values: Theo dng in & in p ca s c
- Z-I const: iu chnh ntheo tng tr v dng in, gi tr in p bm vo
c t ng tnh ra t hai gi tr ny.
- Tng t cho cc chc nng khc.
Lu rng tn s mc nh ca thit b l 60Hz, do cn chnh v 50Hz cho
ph hp vi iu kin ti Vit Nam.
b) Overcurrent: Khi chc nng ny c thit k chuyn dng cho vic kim
tra cc rle qu dng. Cc i lng dng & p a vo rle c ly trc tip bng
cc click vo c tnh tc ng ca bo v qu dng.
c) Distance & Diffirential: Hon ton tng t khi chc nng bo v qu
dng. Hai khi ny c thit k chuyn dng cho vic kim tra cc rle khong
cch v rle so lch.
IV.5. Chun b i tng th nghim
a) S dng Quick CMC
Khi ng chc nng Quick CMC chn Test Object Parameters Hin
ra ca s Test Object.

114
Click vo Device:
in y cc tham s v i tng: Tn v chng loi rle, ngn l, trm

bin p, sau bm OK xc nhn. Cc tham s ny s c in ra cng vi
bn bo co kt qu th nghim.
b) S dng cc khi chc nng chuyn dng (Qu dng, khong cch, so
lch): Vic vo tham s v rle (Test Object) cng c th c tin hnh t giao
din ca cc khi chc nng chuyn dng
IV.5.1. Th nghim r le qu dng in
Vic th nghim rle qu dng c th bng hai cch: S dng chc nng
Quick CMC hoc s dng chc nng Overcurrent. Tuy nhin, s dng chc nng
Overcurrent l thun tin nht do y l chc nng c thit k chuyn dng th
nghim rle qu dng.
Chun b cc thng s ca rle c th nghim c th theo cc cch sau:
- S dng phn mm DIGSI v kt ni ti rle ti v cc tham s c ca rle,
sau s dng chc nng Export chuyn i cc tham s ny sang nh dng vi
ui .xrio ph hp vi phn mm Test Universe ca Omicron .
- S dng ch Offline ca phn mm DIGSI: Khi ng DIGSI, to cc th
mc qun l tng t nh thao tc trnh by trong mc III.2.

115
Nhp chut vo th mc 274 (Gi thit rng rle qu dng ang dng bo
v ngn l ny). Nhn phi chut vo phn trng bn phi mn hnh Device
Catalog chn rle tng ng (7SJ612) sau ko th vo phn mn hnh trng
ny.
Sau nhn kp chut vo file va ko th vo v chn ch Offline ton
b cc tham s (mc nh) ca rle ny s c chuyn vo trong phn mm
DIGSI.
Thc hin cc chnh sa cn thit i vi file chnh nh mc nh ny
chn File Export Configuration and Protection Parameters chn nh dng
.xrio ph hp vi vic xut d liu sang mi trng Omicron Test Universe.

116
Khi ng phn mm Test Universe chn chc nng Overcurrent trong

giao din OMICRON Overcurrent Test Object Parameters File Import
ch n file vi ui .xrio va to ti file ny vo khi chc nng th nghim
bo v qu dng.
Ni cc u ra dng in ca thit b CMC ti cc u vo dng ca rle, tip
im u ra (Trip) ca rle ni ti Binary Input 1 ca b CMC, nu mun th
nghim gi tr khi ng v tr v ca rle th tip im khi ng u ra ca rle
phi ni ti Binary Input 2 ca b CMC.
Qu trnh th nghim c th c t ng ha: t ng kim tra gi tr khi

ng v tr v ca rle, kim tra thi gian tc ng ca rle vi hng lot gi tr
dng in khc nhau.
- T ng kim tra gi tr khi ng & tr v
kim tra gi tr khi ng & tr v yu cu phi ni u ra Start contact
ca rle ti u vo nh phn Binary Input 2 ca b CMC. Vic kim tra c thit
b t ng thc hin bng cch tng dng in ln ngng 1,15 ln gi tr khi ng
sau t t gim dn dng in ny xc nh gi tr tr v. Sau thit b li t
ng tng dng in t ngng 0,8 gi tr khi ng xc nh gi tr khi ng
ca rle. Mi bc tng gim c c nh l 0,01 ln gi tr khi ng ci t
ca rle.

117
Chc nng xc nh gi tr khi ng & tr v lun lun c t ng thc

hin trc (Nu la chn) thao tc th nghim thi gian tc ng.
kch hot chc nng th nghim ny chn th General v chn cc gi tr
nh hnh di y:
- T ng kim tra thi gian tc ng

Thi gian tc ng ca rle c th c kim tra vi nhiu im (Nhiu gi tr
dng in khc nhau). S lng im cn kim tra khng gii hn, tuy nhin theo
khuyn co th t nht cn kim tra cc im ln cn gi tr khi ng, ln cn im
chuyn giao gia cc cp bo v qu dng (Cp thi gian tc ng khc nhau). Do
cc c tnh lm vic ca bo v qu dng pha v qu dng chm t c th khc
nhau nn cng cn kim tra ht cc trng hp ny.
La chn th Test chn dng s c pha-pha hoc pha t chuyn sang
phn c tnh lm vic tng ng va hin ra nhy tri chut vo im mun
kim tra (Khi s c gi tr tng ng hin ra, v d 1,33I>> ngha l im ny
tng ng vi vng c tnh tc ng ca bo v qu dng cp hai I>> v gi tr
dng in bm vo s tng ng l 1,33 ln gi tr dng khi ng I>>) chn
Add a im th nghim ny vo bng th nghim tun t.

118
Khi mun th nghim nhiu im th c th dng chc nng Add Multiple,

chc nng ny cho php vo thng s cc im th nghim t ng bng cc ln
lt tng dng th nghim t mt gi tr t trc no , theo bc tng t trc.

119
Sau bm nt Start/continue test th hp b th nghim CMC s bt u

pht dng in theo trnh t c a vo nh bng trn. Sau kt qu c
xut ra Test Report
Da vo bc co ny hon ton c th xc nh c rle c t yu cu khi

hot ng hay khng.

120
IV.5.2. Th nghim rle khong cch

Th tc chun b thng s ca rle th nghim (a ra nh dng .xrio) hon
ton tng t nh mc IV.5.1. Nh sn xut thit b thit k sn khi chc nng
Distance dnh ring cho vic th nghim rle khong cch, rle chun b cho th
nghim gi thit l loi 7SA632.
Giao din th nghim rle khong cch c dng sau:

121
Cc th phc v cho vic th nghim gm c: Shot Test, Settings v Trigger.
Ch Shot Test cho php s dng mt phng tng tr (Trc quan) t cc

im th nghim, da trn thit b s t ng tnh ton ra gi tr dng in v
in p cn pht ra. Cc im th nghim s c la chn ti cc v tr tiu biu: ti
vng gip ranh gia cc vng bo v, ti cc gc ca c tnh tc ng, ti cc vng
hng thun v ti cc vng hng ngc, ... kt qu ca th nghim l kim tra
vng bo v v thi gian lm vic ca bo v.
C hai cch la chn im th nghim:
- Vo trc tip tham s tng tr: ln v gc pha ca tng tr, sau chn
Add
- Nhp chut trc tip ln khu vc th mt phng tng tr ti im mong
mun sau chn chc nng Add
Nu mun gn mt im th nghim cho nhiu trng hp s c (Pha - pha,
pha - t, ba pha) th c th chn chc nng Add to la chn loi s c thch
hp, hp b th nghim s t ng tnh ton ra dng & p da trn tng tr cho
tng loi s c.

122
Th Settings cn c cc ch sau: C th la chn ch pht dng in hoc

in p khng i. Khi ch pht dng khng i c la chn th in p s
c t ng tnh ton ra vi cc im tng tr th nghim v tng t nu in p
c pht ra khng i th dng in s thay i theo.
Bng kt qu hon ton tng t chc nng bo v qu dng.

IV.5.3. Th nghim rle so lch dng in
Qui trnh chun b thit b v s liu, file ci tham s ci t ca rle l hon
ton tng t hai mc trn. Mc ch th nghim rle so lch l xc nh c tnh
lm vic v vic hm rle theo sng hi.
Cc la chn chnh trong giao din th rle gm c:

123
- Bias Curve: Giao din ny vo ta cc im th nghim, c th vo

trc tip cc b gi tr Idiff & Ibias hoc nhp chut trc tip vo c tnh pha bn
tay phi mn hnh. Cc im th nghim nn chn vng tc ng v vng kha,
cc im thuc cc on c tnh khc nhau (Vng so lch ngng thp, ngng
cao, cc on c c dc khc nhau), s lng im la chn khng hn ch.
Hnh trn th hin hai im c la chn th nghim:

+ im u tin thuc vng tc ng
+ im th hai thuc vng hm (N/T: No Trip)
- Harmonic:

124
Chc nng ny cho php la chn ln ca sng hi v bc ca sng hi.

Rle thng ci t kha khi thnh phn sng hi bc 2 hoc bc 5 vt qu
ngng cho php, theo hnh trn th ngng hm bt u khi thnh phn sng hi
bc 2 vt qu 20% thnh phn dng so lch. Cch ddwua cc im th nghim vo
hon ton tng t: nhp trc tip thng s hoc nhp chut vo th.
Phn pha di, bn tri th s hin th kt qu tng ng khi th nghim:
theo hnh trn th c 3 ln th nghim, tuy nhin 2 ln khng t.
- General: C hai tham s cn quan tm
- Test max: Gii hn thi gian th nghim lu nht bo v rle

- Delay time: Thi gian dn cch gia cc ln bm dng thnh cng m
bo rle c thi gian tr v.
Phn bo co hon ton tng t nh cc th nghim vi cc loi rle khc.

125
CHNG V. HNG DN C BN TIN

V GI TR S C TRONG R LE SIEMENS
V.1. Gii thiu
Cc rle th h 4 ca SIEMENS c phng thc truy cp hu nh tng t
nhau s dng cc phm chc nng pha trc mt rle. Cch thc truy cp trnh by
sau y p dng vi rle 7SD52 (Cc rle khc tng t), mt khu mc nh vi
rle SIEMENS l 000000 (6 s 0).
Cu to mt trc rle
1. Mn hnh tinh th lng
Mn hnh tinh th lng th hin thng tin thit b dng k t, cc gi tr o
lng, cc gi tr o m, thng tin v trng thi ca my ct, trng thi ca rle,
thng tin bo v, thng bo chung v cc cnh bo.

126
2. Cc phm truy cp
:
Cc phm ny dng truy cp vo cc mc su hn trong rle t menu
vn hnh.
3. Phm Menu
Phm ny s dng vo cc menu chnh hoc nhy tr v menu chnh khi
ang v tr bt k.
4. Cc phm ESC v ENTER
Phm ESC thot khi menu tr v menu trc hoc v mn hnh chnh.
Phm ENTER dng xc nhn cc thao tc.
5. Cc phm s
S dng vo cc gi tr ci t.
6. Cc phm chc nng F1, F2, F3, F4
y l cc phm cho php truy cp nhanh n mt menu hoc ng dng no
(Mt dng phm tt). Ngi s dng c th lp trnh gn chc nng cho cc
phm ny. Bn cnh cc phm chc nng c cc nhn trng ghi li chc nng
c gn cho phm tng tng.
7. Gic cm 9 chn RS232
Gic kt ni vi my tnh, yu cu my tnh c ci phn mm DIGSI 4.
8. Phm LED
Phm ny c 2 mc ch l gii tr cc n LED v cc tip im ca cc
rle u ra cng nh kim tra tt c cc n LED.
9. Cc n LED hin th
Cc LED c th hin th ty theo chc nng c gn cho, v d nh bo v
qu dng khi ng, bo v qu dng tc ng, trng thi u vo/ra nh phn.
Tng t, cc nhn trng ghi li chc m n LED ang th hin.
10. Cc LED hin th trng thi vn hnh
C hai n LED, RUN (Mu xanh) v ERROR (Mu ) hin th trng
thi vn hnh ca r le. n LED mu xanh vi nhn RUN sng lin tc trong
khi vn hnh bnh thng cn n LED mu vi nhn ERROR nu sng s
biu th ang c li vi rle.
11. Cc np y trn v di r le.
V.2. Truy cp qua cc phm mt trc rle
Cu trc menu ca rle c dng hnh cy, tng t nh cu trc th mc my
tnh. Phm
chuyn i gia cc th mc cng cp, phm
cp vo th mc con ca mt th mc no .
Xem thng tin s hiu rle: bm nt Menu MAIN MENU
truy
127
truy cp vo cc chc nng khc s dng phng thc hon ton tng t,
tuy nhin vi mt s chc nng s yu cu c mt khu khi mun thc hin mt
thay i no (Tng tnh bo mt, trnh vic thay i khng c php)
V.3. Cc thng bo s c
- Cc thng bo mi nht:
Cc thng bo s c t ng xut hin mn hnh hin th, sau khi rle tc
ng. D liu quan trng nht v mt s c c th hin trn mn hnh LCD mt
trc.

128
Dng 1: Chc nng bo v tc ng

Dng 2: Thi gian lm vic ca rle t khi khi ng n khi rle tr v (PU:
Pick up)
Dng 3: Thi gian tc ng (Vi bo v so lch thng t 0 giy)
Cc thng bo v n LED cnh bo ny c th gii tr bng cch nhn phm
LED.
- c cc bn ghi c c lu tr trong rle: Cc bn ghi trong rle c th
c truy cp thng qua cc phm bm trc mt rle.
1. Khi r le sn sng cho vn hnh, u tin n phm MENU MAIN MENU
s xut hin. Nhn tip phm sang phi
2. Nhn phm xung
vo menu con ANNUNCIATION
truy nhp su hn vo menu ny, dng li ti Trip
log, vo tip mc Trip log s dng phm phi
v
vo cc bn ghi lu tr, cc bn ghi c
3. S dng cc phm
lu tr theo th t thi gian: T bn ghi gn nht n bn ghi c nht. Nu khng
c bn ghi no s c hin th List Empty.
4. tr li mc Trip log s dng hoc nhn nt MENU nhy trc tip
v MAIN MENU.
5. Cc thng bo v bn ghi s c s c lu tr theo th t, khi b nh
y th cc bn ghi c nht s c t ng xa i khng cn thit phi thc hin
thao tc xa bn ghi.
129
V.4. Chuyn i gia cc nhm ci t

Cc rle ca SIEMENS cho php chun b trc ti 4 nhm gi tr ci t,
ngi s dng c th chuyn i qua li gia cc nhm ny mt cch nhanh chng,
do l cc thay i quan trng nn thao tc ny yu cu phi bit mt khu (5 s).
Ngoi ra vic thay i nhm ci t cn c th thc hin qua giao din iu khin
trong trm hoc thng qua mt tn hiu u vo nh phn.
1. Nhn MENU MAIN MENU
2. Settings
Settings
ti cc mc ca menu setting
chuyn ti
Change group
s nhn thy a ch 0301 vi ch ACTIVE GROUP, nh
th hin trn hnh th nhm ci t A ang c s dng (ang c kch hot)
3. Chuyn ti a ch 0302 l a ch cho php chuyn i nhm ci t, nhn

ENTER. Vo mt khu, sau la chn nhm ci t mong mun v nhn
ENTER xc nhn
4. La chn YES v nhn ENTER hon tt thao tc
5. tr li cc menu cp trn s dng hoc nhn nt MENU nhy trc

tip v MAIN MENU.
------------------------------------------------------Thc hin ti: Cng ty in lc Du kh C Mau - Nm: 2011
130

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CNG TY C PHN O TO V CNG NGH

NNG LNG - VIN THNG VIT NAM

a ch: S 52/68/66 ng Ngc Lm - Q. Long Bin - TP. H Ni

ThS. Nguyn Xun o

Ti liu o to chuyn H thng r le bo v trong trm bin p - Phn nng cao

Chng I. Tng quan v r le k thut s do hng Siemens ch to

I.1. c im ca r le k thut s do hang SIEMENS ch to

I.1.1. c im ca r le k thut s do hng SIEMENS ch

I.2. Gii thiu v r le bo v so lch my bin p 7UT6xx

I.2.1. Gii thiu chung v r le so lch my bin p h

I.2.4. Chc nng bo v so lch

I.2.5. Chc nng bo v chng chm t hn ch 87N

(Restricted Earth Fault-REF)

I.2.7. Bo v chng qu ti nhit (Thermal Overload

I.2.9. Bo v chng hin tng my ct t chi tc ng

I.3. Gii thiu v r le bo v my pht in 7UM62x

Thc hin ti: Cng ty in lc Du kh C Mau - Nm: 2011

Ti liu o to chuyn H thng r le bo v trong trm bin p - Phn nng cao

I.3.2. Gii thiu chung v r le bo v my pht h 7UM62x

I.3.3. Chc nng bo v qu dng vi c tnh c lp (I>

hoc F50, F51)

(Startup Overcurrent Protection)

I.3.8. Chc nng bo v so lch my pht in (87)

I.3.9. Chc nng bo v mt kch t (Underexcitation - Loss-

(Reverse Power Protection) (32R)

I.3.14. Bo v chng chm chp gia cc vng dy cng pha

I.3.16. Bo v chng ng in my pht ang trng thi

I.4.1. Gii thiu v rle k thut s h 7SA5xx

I.4.2. Chc nng bo v khong cch (21 & 21N)

Thc hin ti: Cng ty in lc Du kh C Mau - Nm: 2011

Ti liu o to chuyn H thng r le bo v trong trm bin p - Phn nng cao

I.4.3. Chc nng pht hin dao ng in (21 & 21N)

I.4.4. Chc nng pht hin ngun yu hoc m my ct u

i din (Weak Infeed or Breaker open condition)

I.5. Gii thiu v r le bo v qu dng 7SJ62x

I.5.1. Gii thiu v rle k thut s h 7SJ62

I.5.2. Chc nng bo v qu dng

I.5.3. Chc nng bo v chng s c chm t thong qua lp

li (Intermittent ground fault protection)

I.6.1. Gii thiu v r le k thut s h 7SS52x

I.6.2. Gii thut lm vic vi gi tr tc thi ca dng in

I.6.3. Check Zone (Vng kim tra)

Chng II. Tnh ton cc thng s bo v

hay 50& 51; 50N & 51N)

III.2. Cc bc thc hin

III.3. Thay i cc gi tr chnh nh ca rle

Thc hin ti: Cng ty in lc Du kh C Mau - Nm: 2011

Ti liu o to chuyn H thng r le bo v trong trm bin p - Phn nng cao

Chng IV. Th nghim kim tra c tnh tc ng ca r le

phn mm iu khin Test Universe

IV.3. u ni gia hp b th nghim v rle

IV.4. La chn phng thc kim tra

IV.5. Chun b i tng th nghim

IV.5.1. Th nghim r le qu dng in

IV.5.2. Th nghim rle khong cch

IV.5.3. Th nghim rle so lch dng in

Chng V. Hng dn c bn tin v gii tr s c trong r le

V.2. Truy cp qua cc phm mt trc rle

V.4. Chuyn i gia cc nhm ci t

Thc hin ti: Cng ty in lc Du kh C Mau - Nm: 2011

Ti liu o to chuyn H thng r le bo v trong trm bin p - Phn nng cao

Thc hin ti: Cng ty in lc Du kh C Mau - Nm: 2011

Ti liu o to chuyn H thng r le bo v trong trm bin p - Phn nng cao

CHNG I. TNG QUAN V R LE K THUT S

Hnh 1.1. T r le ca hng SIEMENS

Ti liu o to chuyn H thng r le bo v trong trm bin p - Phn nng cao