bài tập trắc nghiệm hóa đại cương

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA THNH PH H CH MINH
KHOA CNG NGH HA HC V DU KH

B MN CNG NGH V C
GIO TRNH BI TP
HA I CNG
9 - 2004
Cc k hiu v thut ng trong gio trnh bi tp ny tun theo gio trnh ha i cng
xut bn nm 2002 cu gio s Nguyn nh Soa
PHN 1 : CU TO CHT
A. BI TP TN
Bi 1.1: C bao nhiu ocbitan nguyn t trong phn lp lng t l = 2 ca lp M? Gi tn v v cc
ocbitan nguyn t .
Bi 1.2: Hy vit cc s lng t l, ml v tnh s electron c th c trn lp N trong nguyn t.
1
Bi 1.3: Da vo trt t phn b cc mc nng lng cho bit cu to lp v electron nguyn t ca cc

nguyn t : S (Z = 16), Ti ( Z = 22) v Nd ( Z = 60).
Bi 1.4: Vit cu hnh electron v v cc ocbitan nguyn t lp ngi cng ca: Si ( Z =14, chu k III,
phn nhm IVA), Fe ( Z = 26, chu k IV, phn nhm VIIIB), Ag ( Z = 47, chu k V, phn nhm
IB) v At ( Z = 85, chu k VI, phn nhm VIIA).
Bi 1.5: Xc nh v tr ( , chu k, phn nhm), h v tn nguyn t, cc mc oxy ha dng cao nht
v m thp nht ca nhng nguyn t c cu hnh electron nguyn t nh sau:
- 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2
- 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p3
2 2 6 2 6
10 2 6
10 14 2 6 10 1
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 4f 5s 5p 5d 6s
Bi 1.6: Vit cu hnh electron ca cc ion Ag+, Ti2+, Ti4+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Se2- v Br-. Nhng nguyn t v
ion no c cu hnh ging ion Br-?
Bi 1.7: Tnh ha tr v s oxy ha ca cc nguyn t trong nhng hp cht sau:
H2O, H2O2, HClO4, Hg2Cl2, CBr4, Al4C3, CaH2, H2S v Na2S2O3.
Bi 1.8: Phn tch s to thnh lin kt (kiu, bc), cu hnh khng gian (dng hnh hc, gc ha tr) ca
cc phn t sau y bng phng php lin kt ha tr (LH) : F2, HBr, H2Te ( HTeH = 900),
NF3 ( FNF = 1020 ), CCl4 ( ClCCl = 10905), CS2 ( SCS = 1800), NO2 ( ONO = 1320 ; bc lin
kt = 1,5), NO2- ( ONO = 1150; bc lin kt = 1,5).
Bi 1.9: Phn tch s to thnh phn t N2 v CO bng cc phng php lin kt cng ha tr (LH) v
ocbitan phn t (OP). T so snh cc c trng lin kt v l ha tnh ca N2 v CO.
Bi 1.10: So snh di, bn, bc lin kt O O trong dy O22- - O2- - O2 - O2+. Nhn xt v t tnh,
bn, tnh oxy ha ca chng.
B. BI TP TRC NGHIM
CHNG 2 : CU TO NGUYN T
2.1 Cu to ht nhn nguyn t
2.1 Trong cc pht biu cho sau y, cc pht biu ng l:
1) Cc nguyn t c cng in tch ht nhn Z v c s khi A khc nhau c gi l cc ng v.
2) Ht nhn nguyn t ca cc ng v ca mt nguyn t c s ntron khc nhau.
3) Nguyn t lng ca mt nguyn t trong bng h thng tun hn l trung bnh cng ca nguyn
t lng ca cc ng v theo t l tn ti trong t nhin.
4) Tr ng v c nhiu nht ca mt nguyn t X, cc ng v khc u l nhng ng v phng
x.
a) 1
b) 1,2
c) 1,4
d) 1,2,3
2.2 Khi lng nguyn t ca ng v 2H gm:
a) Khi lng ca 1 proton + 1 ntron
b) khi lng ca electron
c) khi lng ca electron + 1 ntron
d) khi lng ca 1 proton
2.3 Chn pht biu ng v tnh cht ca cc ng v ca cng 1 nguyn t:
a) Cc ng v ca cng mt nguyn t th ging nhau v tt c cc tnh cht l, ha hc.
b) Cc nguyn t c cng in tch ht nhn, c s khi nh nhau c gi l cc ng v.
c) Cc ng v c cng s proton v cng s ntron.
d) ng v chim cng mt trong bng h thng tun hn cc nguyn t.
2.4 Pht biu no di y l ng
a) Cc nguyn t c cng in tch ht nhn, c s khi nh nhau c gi l ng v.
b) Vi mi nguyn t, s lng proton trong ht nhn nguyn t l c nh, song c th khc
nhau v s ntron, l hin tng ng v.
c) Cc nguyn t c s khi nh nhau, song s proton ca ht nhn li khc nhau c gi l
cc cht ng v.
d) Cc ng v ca cng mt nguyn t th ging nhau v tt c cc tnh cht l, ha hc.
2.5 Chn p n ng v y nht.
2
1) ng v gm cc nguyn t c cng bc s nguyn t (Z) nhng c s khc nhau v s khi lng

(A).
2) Nguyn t lng ca mt nguyn t l trung bnh cng ca cc nguyn t lng ca cc ng v
theo t l ca cc ng v ny trong thin nhin.
3) Khc nhau duy nht v c cu gia cc ng v l c s ntron khc nhau.
4) Tr ng v c nhiu nht ca mt nguyn t, cc ng v khc u l nhng ng v phng x.
a) Ch c 1 ng
b) Ch c 1 v 2 ng
c) Ch c 1 v 4 ng
d) 1, 2 v 3 ng.
2.2. Cu to lp v nguyn t
2.2.1 M hnh nguyn t Borh v quang ph nguyn t
2.6 Chn pht biu sai v kiu nguyn t Bohr p dng cho nguyn t Hidro hoc cc ion ging Hidro
(ion ch c 1 electron)
a) Khi chuyn ng trn qy o Bohr, nng lng ca electron khng thay i.
b) Electron khi lng m, chuyn ng vi tc v trn qy o Bohr bn knh r, c ln ca
momen ng lng bng: mvr = nh/2.
c) Electron ch thu vo hay pht ra bc x khi chuyn t qy o ny sang qy o khc.
d) Bc x pht ra c bc sng bng : = IE - EcI/h.
2.7 di sng ca bc x do nguyn t hidro pht ra tun theo h thc: 1/ = RH (1/n12 1/n22). Nu
n1 = 1 v n2 = 4, bc x ny ng vi s chuyn electron:
a) T qu o 4 xung qu o 1, bc x thuc dy Lyman.
b) T qu o 1 ln qu o 4, bc x thuc dy Lyman.
c) T qu o 1 ln qu o 4, bc x thuc dy Balmer.
d) T qu o 4 xung q o 1, bc x thc dy Balmer.
2.8 Bc x c bc sng cc tiu ca nguyn t Hidro pht ra khi electron t:
a) V cc (n = ) ri xung qy o 1 (n = 1). b) qu o 1 ln qu o 2.
c) Qu o 1 ln v cc.
d). qu o 2 xung qu o 1
2.2.2 Lp v electron theo c hc lng t
Cc s lng t v ocbitan nguyn t
2.9 Chn pht biu sai:
1) Cc AO lp n bao gi cng c nng lng ln hn AO lp (n-1).
2) S lng t ph l xc nh dng v tn ca ocbitan nguyn t.
3) S lng t t ml c cc gi tr t n n n.
4) S lng t ph c cc gi tr t 0 n n-1.
a) Cu 1 v 2 sai.
b) Cu 1 v 3 sai.
c) Cu 1, 2 v 3 sai.
d) Cu 1, 3 v 4 sai.
2.10 Cc pht biu sau u ng tr:
a) S lng t chnh n c gi tr nguyn dng v gi tr ti a l 7.
b) S lng t ph l (ng vi mt gi tr ca s lng t chnh n) lun lun nh hn n.
c) Nng lng electron v khong cch trung bnh ca electron i vi ht nhn nguyn t tng
theo n.
d) Cng thc 2n2 cho bit s electron ti a c th c trong lp electron th n ca mt nguyn t
trong bng h thng tun hn.
2.11 S lng t chnh n v s lng t ph l ln lt xc nh:
a) S nh hng v hnh dng ca ocbitan nguyn t.
b) Hnh dng v s nh hng ca ocbitan nguyn t.
c) Nng lng ca electron v s nh hng ca ocbitan nguyn t.
d) Nng lng ca electron v hnh dng ca ocbitan nguyn t.
2.12 S lng t ml c trng cho:
a) Dng ocbitan nguyn t
b) Kch thc ocbitan nguyn t
c) S nh hng ca ocbitan nguyn t d) Tt c u ng
3

S lng t t ml
a) c trng cho s nh hng ca cc AO trong khng gian.
b) Cho bit s lng AO trong mt phn lp
c) C gi tr bao gm l , , 0 , , l.
d) c trng cho nng lng ca cc phn lp.
a) S lng t chnh n c th nhn gi tr nguyn dng (1,2, 3) , xc nh nng lng electron,
kch thc ocbitan nguyn t; n cng ln th nng lng ca electron cng cao, kch thc
ocbitan nguyn t cng ln. Trong nguyn t a electron, nhng electron c cng gi tr n lp
nn mt lp electron v chng c cng gi tr nng lng.
b) S lng t ph l c th nhn gi tr t 0 n n-1. S lng t ph l xc nh hnh dng ca
m my electron v nng lng ca electron nguyn t. Nhng electron c cng gi tr n v l
lp nn mt phn lp electron v chng c nng lng nh nhau.
c) S lng t t ml c th nhn gi tr t l n +l. S lng t t c trng cho s nh hng
ca cc ocbitan nguyn t trong t trng.
d) S lng t spin c trng cho thuc tnh ring ca electron v ch c hai gi tr 1/2 v +1/2.
2.15 Chn cu ng: AO l:
hm sng m t trng thi ca electron trong nguyn t c xc nh bi ba s lng t n, l v ml.
b mt c mt electron bng nhau ca m my electron.
qy o chuyn ng ca electron trong nguyn t.
c trng cho trng thi nng lng ca electron trong nguyn t.
Khong khng gian bn trong cc electron ca nguyn t chuyn ng.
a) 1 v 5
b) 1 , 2 v 3
c) 1
d) c nm cu u ng.
2.16 Chn pht biu sai :
a) S lng t t ml c cc gi tr t n n n
b) S lng t ph l c cc gi tr t 0 n n 1
c) S lng t chnh n xc nh kch thc ca ocbitan nguyn t
d) S lng t ph l xc nh cu hnh v tn ca ocbitan nguyn t
Cc quy tc xy dng lp v electron nguyn t
2.17 Thuyt c hc lng t cho nguyn t khng chp nhn iu no trong 4 iu sau y (chn cu
sai):
a) trng thi c bn, cc electron ln lt chim cc mc nng lng t thp n cao.
b) Trong mt nguyn t, c t nht 2 electron c cng 4 s lng t.
c) S lng t ph l xc nh tn v hnh dng ca orbital nguyn t.
d) Trong mi phn lp, cc electron sp xp sao cho s electron c thn l ti a.
2.18 S phn b cc electron trong nguyn t Cacbon trng thi bn l :
1s2 2s2 2p2
t c s trn:
a) Nguyn l vng bn Paoli v quy tc Hund.
b) Nguyn l vng bn Paoli, nguyn l ngoi tr Paoli, quy tc Hund v quy tc Cleskovxki
c) Nguyn l vng bn Paoli, nguyn l ngoi tr Paoli v quy tc Hund.
d) Cc quy tc Hund v Cleskovxki.
2.19 Trng thi ca electron lp ngi cng trong nguyn t c Z = 30 c c trng bng cc s
lng t:
a) n = 3, l = 2, ml = -2, ms = +1/2 b) n = 4, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = +1/2 v -1/2
c) n = 3, l = 2, ml = +2, ms = -1/2 d) n = 4, l = 0, ml = 1, ms = +1/2 v -1/2
4
2.20 Nhng b ba s lng t no di y l nhng b c chp nhn:

1) n = 4, l = 3, ml= -3
2) n = 4, l = 2, ml= +3
3) n = 4, l = 1, ml= 0
4) n = 4, l = 0, ml= 0
a) 1,3,4
b) 1,4
c) 2,3,4
d) 3,4
2.21 Chn tt c cc b ba s lng t c chp nhn trong cc b sau:
1) n = 4, l = 3, ml = -3
2) n = 4, l = 2, ml = +3
3) n = 4, l = 1, ml = 2
4) n = 4, l = 0, ml = 0
a) 1,3,4
b) 1,4
c) 2,3,4
d) 3,4
2.22 Tn cc ocbitan ng vi n = 5, l = 2; n= 4, l = 3; n =3, l = 0 ln lt l:
a) 5d, 4f, 3s
b) 5p, 4d, 3s
c) 5s, 4d, 3p
d) 5d, 4p, 3s
2.23 Ocbitan 3px c xc nh bi cc s lng t sau
a) ch cn n , l , m
b) Ch cn n , m
c) Ch cn l , m
d) n , l , m , s
2.24 Trong cc nguyn t v ion sau, tiu phn no c cu hnh electron lp ngi cng l 3s23p6
a) X (Z = 17) b) X ( Z = 19)
c) X- ( Z = 17)
d) X+ ( Z = 20)
2.25 Cho bit s electron ti a v s lng t chnh n ca cc lp lng t L v N:
a) lp L :18 e, n = 3; lp N : 32 e, n = 4
b) lp L : 8 e, n = 2; lp N : 32 e, n = 4
c) lp L : 8 e, n = 2; lp N : 18 e, n = 3
d) lp L : 18 e, n = 3; lp N : 32 e, n = 5
2.26 Electron cui ca nguyn t S (Z = 16) c b cc s lng t sau (quy c electron in vo cc
ocbitan theo th t ml t +l n l)
a) n = 3, l = 2, ml = -2, ms = +1/2
b) n = 3, l = 2, ml = +2, ms = -1/2
c) n = 3, l = 1, ml = -1, ms = +1/2
d) n = 3, l = 1, ml = +1, ms = -1/2
2.27 Chn s lng t t (ml) thch hp cho mt electron trong mt nguyn t c s lng t chnh
bng 4, s lng t ocbitan bng 2 v s lng t spin bng 1/2.
a) -2
b) 3
c) -3
d) -4
3+
2.28 Cu hnh electron ha tr ca ion Co ( Z = 27 ) trng thi bnh thng l:
a) 3d6 (khng c electron c thn)
b) 3d44s2 ( c electron c thn)
6
c) 3d (c electron c thn)
d) 3d44s2 ( khng c electron c thn)
2.29 Xc nh cu hnh electron ha tr ca nguyn t c s th t trong bng h thng tun hn l 47.
a) 4d105s2 5p1
b) 4d95s2
c) 4d105s1
d) 4d10.
3+
2.30 Cu hnh electron ha tr ca ion Fe (Z= 26) trng thi bnh thng l:
a) 3d44s1
b) 3d34s2
c) 3d6
d) 3d5
2+
2.31 Cng thc electron ca Cu trng thi bnh thng l:
a) 1s22s22p63s23p63d94s0
b) 1s22s22p63s23p63d74s2
2 s2 6 2 6
8 1
c) 1s 2 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s
d) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s0
2.32 Ocbitan 1s ca nguyn t H c dng hnh cu, ngha l:
a) Xc sut gp electron 1s ca H ging nhau theo mi hng trong khng gian.
b) Khong cch ca electron 1s n nhn H lun lun khng i.
c) electron 1s ch di chuyn ti vng khng gian bn trong hnh cu y.
d) C 3 u ng.
2.33 Chn pht biu ng. Trong cng mt nguyn t
1) ocbitan 2s c kch thc ln hn ocbitan 1s.
2) nng lng ca electron trn AO 2s ln hn nng lng ca electron trn AO 1s.
3) xc sut gp electron ca AO 2px ln nht trn trc x.
4) nng lng ca electron trn AO 2pz ln hn nng lng ca electron trn AO 2px
a) Ch c cc cu 1 , 2 , 3 ng.
b) C 4 cu u ng.
c) Ch c cc cu 2 , 3 , 4 ng.
d) ch c cc cu 3 , 4 ng.
5
2.34 Cc electron c cng s lng t chnh chu tc dng chn yu nht l:

a )Cc electron f
b) Cc electron s
c) Cc electron p
d) Cc electron d
CHNG 3: NH LUT TUN HN, H THNG TUN HN CC NGUYN T HA
HC
V CU TO NGUYN T
3. 1 Cu trc electron ca nguyn t v h thng tun hn cc nguyn t
3.1 Hy chn trong cc pht biu di y c pht biu no sai :
1) in tch ht nhn nguyn t ca bt k nguyn t no v tr s bng s th t ca nguyn t
trong bng h thng tun hn.
2) Tnh cht ca n cht, thnh phn v tnh cht cc hp cht bin thin tun hn theo chiu tng
ca in tch ht nhn.
3) Trong bng h thng tun hn, phn nhm VIIIB cha phi l phn nhm cha nhiu nguyn
t nht.
4) Chu k l mt dy cc nguyn t, m u l mt kim loi kim v kt thc l mt kh him.
a) 1
b) 3
c) 2
d) Khng c pht biu no sai
3.2 Chn pht biu sai sau y v bng h thng tun hn cc nguyn t ha hc:
a) Cc nguyn t cng 1 phn nhm chnh c tnh cht tng t nhau.
b) Cc nguyn t trong cng chu k c tnh cht tng t nhau.
c) Cc nguyn t trong cng mt phn nhm chnh c tnh kh tng dn t trn xung.
d) Cc nguyn t trong bng h thng tun hn c sp xp theo th t tng dn in tch ht
nhn cc nguyn t.
3.3 Chn cu ng:
"S th t ca phn nhm bng tng s electron lp ngi cng". Quy tc ny:
a) ng vi mi phn nhm.
b) Sai vi mi phn nhm.
c) ng vi cc phn nhm chnh, tr Hidro phn nhm 7A v Heli.
d) ng vi cc phn nhm ph tr phn nhm VIIIB.
3.4 Trong chu k 4, nguyn t no trng thi c bn c 3 electron c thn:
a) V, Ni, As
b) V, Co, Br
c) V, Co, As
d) Mn, Co, As
3.5 V tr trong bng h thng tun hn ca nguyn t c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2 l:
a) chu k 4, phn nhm VIIB, 23
b) chu k 4, phn nhm VIIB, 25
c) chu k 4, phn nhm VIIA, 25
c) chu k 4, phn nhm VB, 25
3.6 Fe (Z = 26), Co (Z = 27) v Ni (Z = 28) thuc phn nhm VIIIB nn c:
a) Cu hnh electron ha tr ging nhau.
b) S electron ha tr bng s th t nhm.
c) S electron ca lp electron ngi cng ging nhau.
d) S electron ha tr ging nhau.
3.7 Chn pht biu sai v cc nguyn t phn nhm VIA :
a) C th c s Oxy ha cao nht l +6.
b) S Oxy ha m thp nht ca chng l -2.
c) a s cc nguyn t l kim loi.
d) Cu hnh lp ngi cng l ns2np4.
3.8 Chn pht biu ng. Cu hnh electron ca hai nguyn t thuc phn nhm VIB v VIA ca chu k
4 ln lt l:
1) 1s22s22p63s23p63d44s2
2) 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1
3) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p4
4) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s14p5
a) 1, 3
b) 2, 3
c)1, 4
d) 2, 4
3.9 Chn pht biu ng. Nguyn t no di y khng thuc h d:
6
a) Sn ( Z = 50 )
b) V ( Z = 23 )
c) Pd ( Z = 46 )
d) Zn ( Z = 30 )
10 2
3.10 Da vo cu hnh electron ngi cng l 4d 5s , hy xc nh v tr ca nguyn t trong bng h
thng tun hn :
a) Chu k 5 , phn nhm IIA , 50
b) Chu k 4, phn nhm IIB , 48
c) Chu k 5, phn nhm IIB, 48
d) Chu k 5, phn nhm IIB , 50
3.11 Chn pht biu ng. Cc electron ha tr ca:
a)nguyn t Br (Z = 35) l 4s24p5
b) Nguyn t Sn (Z = 50) l 3d24s1
2
c) Nguyn t Ti (Z = 22) l 5s
d) Nguyn t Sr (Z = 38) l 4d105s2
3.12 Cho cc nguyn t: Ca (Z = 20), Fe (Z = 26), Cd (Z = 48), La (Z = 57), cc ion c cu hnh lp v
electron ging cc kh tr gn n l:
a) Ca2+, Cd2+
c) Ca2+, Cd2+
b) La3+, Fe3+ d) Ca2+, La3+
3.13 Chn pht biu ng:
a) S Oxy ha dng cc i ca mt nguyn t lun bng vi s th t ca phn nhm ca nguyn t
.
b) S Oxy ha dng cc i lun bng vi s electron lp ngi cng ca nguyn t .
c) S Oxy ha dng cc i lun bng s electron trn cc phn lp ha tr ca nguyn t .
d) S Oxy ha dng cc i ca cc nguyn t phn nhm VA bng +5.
3.14 Nguyn t c cu hnh lp ngi cng l 3d54s1 c v tr trong bng h thng tun hn v cc tnh
cht c trng nh sau:
a) Chu k 4, phn nhm VIB , 24 , phi kim loi, s oxy ha dng cao nht 6+.
b) Chu k 4, phn nhm VIB , 24, kim loi, s oxy ha dng cao nht 6+, s oxy ha m thp
nht 1-.
c) Chu k 4, phn nhm VIB, 24, kim loi, s oxy ha dng cao nht 6+.
d) Chu k 4, phn nhm VB, 24, kim loi, s oxy ha dng cao nht 6+.
3.15 Phn nhm c m in ln nht trong bng h thng tun hn l :
a) Phn nhm IIIA
b) Phn nhm VIIA
c) Phn nhm VIA
d) Phn nhm IA
3.16 Nguyn t A c cu hnh electron phn lp cui cng l 4p3. A phi:
a) thuc phn nhm IIIA, c s oxy ha dng cao nht +3 v khng c s oxy ha m.
b) thuc phn nhm IIIB, c s oxy ha dng cao nht +3 v c s oxy ha m thp nht -3.
c) thuc phn nhm VB, c s oxy ha dng cao nht +5 v c s oxy ha m thp nht -3.
d) thuc phn nhm VA, c s oxy ha dng cao nht +5 v c s oxy ha m thp nht -3.
3.17 Nguyn t c cu hnh lp electron lp ngi cng l 4s2 c v tr
a) phn nhm IIA.
b) C tnh kim loi mnh.
c) C s oxi ha +2 l bn nht.
d) C 3 p n trn u cha chc ng.
3.18 Chn trng hp ng:
Nguyn t A chu k IV, phn nhm VIA. Nguyn t A c:
a) Z = 34, l phi kim.
b) Z = 24, l kim loi.
c) Z = 24, l phi kim.
d) Z = 34, l kim loi.
Nguyn t B chu k IV, phn nhm VIIB . Nguyn t B c:
a) Z = 25 , l kim loi.
b) Z = 24, l kim loi.
c) Z = 26, l phi kim loi.
d) Z = 25, l phi kim loi.
3.2 S thay i tnh cht ca cc nguyn t trong h thng tun hn
3.20 Trong cc pht biu di y, pht biu no sai.
Trong cng mt chu k theo th t t tri qua phi, ta c :
1) S lp electron tng dn .
2) Tnh phi kim loi gim dn.
3) Tnh kim loi tng dn.
4) Tnh phi kim loi tng dn.
7
a) 1,2,4
b) 4
c) 1
d) 1,2,3
3.21 Chn pht biu sai.
a) Trong mt phn nhm chnh, m in gim dn t trn xung di.
b) Trong mt phn nhm ph, bn knh nguyn t tng u t trn xung di.
c) Trong mt chu k nh (tr kh him), bn knh nguyn t gim dn t tri qua phi.
d) Tnh kim loi gim dn, tnh phi kim loi tng dn t tri qua phi trong mt chu k nh (tr kh
him).
3.22 Trong mt phn nhm chnh ca h thng tun hn, tnh oxy ha ca nguyn t khi i t trn
xung di bin thin theo chiu:
a) Tng dn.
b) Gim dn.
c) Khng i.
d) Khng xc nh c.
3.23 Trong mt phn nhm ph ca h thng tun hn, tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t khi i t trn
xung di bin i nh sau:
a) Khng i.
b) Tng dn.
c) Gim dn.
d) Khng xc nh c.
a) Trong cng chu k, bn knh nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh tng dn t u n cui chu k.
b) Trong mt chu k ngn, m in tng dn t tri qua phi.
c) Cc nguyn t nhm IA d dng nhn thm 1 to anion.
d) Trong bng h thng tun hn, chu k III c phn nhm ph.
3.25 Bn knh ion ca cc nguyn t phn nhm VIA ln hn bn knh ion ng electron ca cc
nguyn t phn nhm VIIA ( cng chu k) do cc nguyn t phn nhm VIA c:
a) Khi lng nguyn t nh hn.
b) in tch ht nhn nguyn t nh hn.
c) Ai lc electron nh hn.
d) m in nh hn.

a) Bn knh ion lun nh hn bn knh nguyn t.
b) Cc ion ca nhng nguyn t nm trong cng mt chu k th c bn knh bng nhau.
c) Trong chui ion ng electron (cc ion c s electron bng nhau), ion c s oxy ha ln hn c kch
thc nh hn.
d) Trong mt chu k, khi i t tri sang phi, bn knh ca nguyn t ng sau lun nh hn bn knh
ca nguyn t ng trc.
3.27 Chn pht biu ng. Dy nguyn t Ca (Z = 20), Al (Z = 13), P (Z = 15), K (Z = 19) c bn knh
R tng dn theo dy :
a) RP < RAl < RCa < RK
b) RP < RAl < RK < RCa
c) RAl < RP < RK < RCa
d) RK < RCa < RP < RAl
3.28 Nng lng ion ha ca nguyn t hydro l nng lng phi cung cp a electron t:
a) Tng 1 ( n = 1) ln tng 2
b) Tng 1 ln tng 7
c) Tng 1 ra v cc
d) T v cc xung tng 1
3.29 Chn cu sai. S thay i nng lng ion ha th nht (I1) ca cc nguyn t trong cc phn nhm
theo chiu tng s th t nguyn t c gii thch nh sau:
a) Trong phn nhm chnh, I1 gim do s tng hiu ng chn.
b) Trong phn nhm ph, I1 tng do s tng in tch ht nhn v hiu ng xm nhp ca cc
electron ns.
c) Trong phn nhm ph, I1 gim do s gim hiu ng xm nhp ca cc electron ns.
d) Trong phn nhm chnh, I1 gim do s tng kch thc nguyn t.
So snh nng lng ion ha th nht I1 ca N (Z = 7) v O (Z = 8):
a) I1(N) < I1(O) v trong mt chu k, khi i t tri sang phi I1 tng dn.
b) I1(N) > I1(O) v N c cu hnh bn bo ha phn lp 2p.
c) I1(N) I1(O) v electron cui cng ca N v O cng thuc phn lp 2p.
d) Khng so snh c.
8
3.31 Cho cc nguyn t ha hc sau: Ne ( Z = 10), Na (Z = 11) v Mg ( Z = 12) . Chn pht biu ng:
a) I1 (nng lng ion ha th nht) ca Mg nh hn I1 ca ca Ne.
b) I1 ca Mg nh hn I1 ca Na.
c) I2 ( nng lng ion ha th hai) ca Na nh hn I2 ca Ne.
d) I2 ca Mg ln hn I2 ca Na.
3.32 Chn trng hp ng. Nng lng ion ha th nht (I1) ca cc nguyn t c cu trc electron:
1s22s22p4 (1) , 1s22s22p3 (2), 1s22s22p6 (3) v 1s22s22p63s1 (4) tng theo chiu:
a) 1 2 3 4
b) 3 2 1 4
c) 4 1 2 3
d) 4 3 2 1
3.33 Chn cu ng. Ai lc electron ca nguyn t:
a) l nng lng pht ra (-) hay thu vo (+) khi kt hp electron vo nguyn t th kh khng b
kch thch.
b) l nng lng cn tiu tn kt hp thm electron vo nguyn t trung ha.
c) tng u n trong mt chu k t tri qua phi.
d) c tr s bng nng lng ion ha th nht ( I1) ca nguyn t .
a) m in ca mt kim loi ln hn m in ca mt phi kim loi.
b) Trong mt phn nhm chnh, m in tng dn t trn xung di.
c) Trong mt chu k, kim loi kim c m in nh nht.
d) S sai bit gia hai m in ca A v B cng ln th lin kt A B cng t phn cc.
3.35 Da vo m in:
Nguyn t
H
C
N
O
m in
2,1
2,5
3,0
3,5
Trong 4 ni cng ha tr n sau, ni no b phn cc nht?
a) C H
b) N H
c) O H
d) C O
CHNG 4: LIN KT HA HC V CU TO PHN T
4.1 nng lng lin kt, di lin kt, gc ha tr
4.1 Chn cu sai. Lin kt Cl O trong dy cc ion ClO-, ClO2-, ClO3-v ClO4- c di tng ng :
1,7; 1,64; 1,57 v 1,42 A0. T y suy ra theo dy ion cho:
a) bn ion tng dn
b) Nng lng lin kt tng dn.
c) Tnh bn ca cc ion gim dn.
d) Bc lin kt tng dn.
1) di lin kt l khong cch gia hai ht nhn nguyn t trong lin kt (n v angstrom ).
2) Nng lng lin kt l nng lng cn tiu tn ph v lin kt (n v J/mol hay cal/mol)
3) Gc ha tr l mt i lng c trng cho tt c cc loi phn t.
4) Mi loi lin kt ha hc u c bn cht in.
5) phn cc mt phn t bng tng phn cc ca cc lin kt c trong phn t .
a) 1, 3, 5
b) 3,5
c) 3, 4, 5
d) khng c pht biu no sai.
4.2 Lin kt ion
4.3 Chn cu sai trong cc pht biu sau v hp cht ion:
a) Nhit nng chy cao.
b) Phn ly thnh ion khi tan trong nc.
c) Dn in trng thi tinh th.
d) Dn in trng thi nng chy.
4.4 Lin kt ion c cc c trng c bn khc vi lin kt cng ha tr l:
a)Tnh khng bo ha v khng nh hng.
b) C khng phn cc cao hn.
c) C mt trong a s hp cht ha hc.
d) Cu a v b u ng.
4.3 Lin kt cng ha tr
4.3.1 Phng php lin kt ha tr (VB)
4.5 Cng ha tr cc i ca nguyn t c quyt nh bi:
9
a) S ocbitan nguyn t ha tr.

b) S electron ha tr.
c) S electron ha tr c thn trng thi kch thch.
d) Tt c u ng
4.6 Hp cht no di y c kh nng nh hp:
a) NO2 b) SO2
c) O3
d) CO2
a) Lin kt cng ha tr kiu l kiu lin kt cng ha tr bn nht.
b) Lin kt cng ha tr c hnh thnh trn 2 c ch: Cho nhn v ghp i.
c) Lin kt l lin kt c hnh thnh trn c s s che ph ca cc orbital nguyn t nm
trn trc ni 2 ht nhn.
d) S nh hng ca lin kt cng ha tr c quyt nh bi s lai ha ca nguyn t trung
tm tham gia to lin kt.
4.8 Chn pht biu sai. Theo l thuyt lin kt ha tr (VB):
a) Lin kt cng ha tr hnh thnh do s kt i ca 2 electron c spin tri du, y c s ph
ca hai ocbitan nguyn t.
b) Lin kt cng ha tr cng bn khi mc ph ca cc ocbitan nguyn t cng ln.
c) S lin kt cng ha tr ca mt nguyn t trong mt phn t bng s ocbitan ha tr ca n
tham gia che ph.
d) Nit c 5 lin kt cng ha tr trong hp cht HNO3.
4.9 Chn pht biu ng:
a) Lin kt cng ha tr nh ch l lin kt hai electron nhiu tm.
b) Lin kt cng ha tr lun c tnh phn cc mnh.
c) Lin kt cng ha tr nh ch l lin kt hai electron hai tm.
d) Trong lin kt cng ha tr cc electron l ca chung phn t v chng lun t hp vi nhau thnh
cc orbital phn t.
4.10 Theo thuyt lin kt ha tr (thuyt VB), s electron ha tr ca N v s lin kt cng ha tr ti a
m N c th to thnh trong cc hp cht ca n ln lt l:
a) 3, 3
b) 5, 4
c) 5, 5
d) 5, 3
4.3.2 Thuyt lai ha v cu hnh phn t
4.11 Theo thuyt lai ha, cc orbital tham gia lai ha cn phi c cc iu kin:
a) Cc orbital ging nhau hn tn v nng lng.
b) Cc orbital c hnh dng hn tn ging nhau.
c) Cc orbital c nng lng gn nhau v c mt electron ln.
d) Cc orbital lai ha lun nhn tt c cc trc ta lm trc i xng.
4.12 Chn pht biu ng :
Theo thuyt lai ha cc orbitan nguyn t ta c:
a) S lai ha thng khng c lin h n hnh hc phn t.
b) Lai ha sp c thc hin do s t hp mt orbitan s v mt orbitan p (ca cng mt nguyn t)
, kt qa xut hin 2 orbitan lai ha sp phn b i xng di mt gc 1800.
c) Lai ha sp2 c thc hin do s t hp mt orbitan s v 2 orbitan p (ca cng mt nguyn t) ,
kt qu xut hin 3 orbitan lai ha sp2 phn b i xng di mt gc 109,280.
d) Lai ha sp3 c thc hin do s t hp mt orbitan s v 3 orbitan p (ca cng mt nguyn t) ,
kt qu xut hin 4 orbitan lai ha sp3 phn b i xng di mt gc 1200.
4.13 S lai ha sp3 ca nguyn t trung tm trong dy ion: SiO44- - PO43- - SO42- - ClO4- gim dn do:
a) S chnh lch nng lng gia cc phn lp electron 3s v 3p tng dn.
b) Kch thc cc nguyn t trung tm tham gia lai ha tng dn.
c) Nng lng cc ocbitan nguyn t (AO) tham gia lai ha tng dn.
d) Tt c u sai
4.14 Bn orbital lai ha sp3 ca phn t CH4 c c im:
10
a) Hnh dng ging nhau nhng nng lng v nh hng khng gian khc nhau.
b) Hnh dng v nng lng ging nhau nhng nh hng khng gian khc nhau.
c) Hnh dng, nng lng v nh hng khng gian hn tn ging nhau vi gc lai ha l
109o28.
d) Nng lng bng nhau, hnh dng v nh hng khng gian khc nhau.
4.15 Trong ion NH2-, kiu lai ha ca nguyn t nit v dng hnh hc ca ion NH2- l:
a) sp3 v gc
b) sp2 v tam gic phng
c) sp v thng hng
d) sp2 v gc
4.16 Cho bit Nit trong phn t NF3 trng thi lai ha sp3, vy phn t NF3 c c im :
a) Cu hnh tam gic phng, gc ha tr 120o
b) Cu hnh t din, gc ha tr 109o28.
c) Cu hnh thp, phn cc.
d) Cu hnh thp, khng c cc.
4.17 Trong cc tiu phn sau, tiu phn c cu trc t din u l:
a) NH4+
b) SF4
c) XeF4
d) SO2Cl2
Bit N (Z=7), S (Z=16), Xe (Z=54)
4.18 Chn pht biu ng v cu hnh phn t NH3:
a) Cu hnh tam gic phng, phn cc.
b) Cu hnh t din u, phn cc
c) Cu hnh tam gic phng, khng phn cc.
d) Cu hnh thp tam gic, phn cc.
4.19 Trng thi lai ha ca cc nguyn t C theo th t t tri qua phi ca phn t CH2 = C = CH
CH3 l:
a) sp2 ,sp , sp2 , sp3
b) sp , sp2 , sp2 , sp3
2
2
2
3
c) sp , sp , sp , sp
d) sp2 , sp , sp2 , sp
4.20 Chn pht biu ng. Phn t CH3 CH2 CH3 c c im:
a) 3 nguyn t C u khng lai ha.
b) 3 nguyn t C u lai ha sp2
c) 3 nguyn t C u lai ha sp.
d) 3 nguyn t C u lai ha sp3
4.21 Sp xp cc hp cht cng ha tr sau theo chiu tng dn gc lin kt:
1. CH4
2. NH3
3. H2O
a) 1, 2, 3
b) 2,1, 3
c) 3, 2,1
d) 3, 1, 2
a) CO2 v SO2 u c cu trc thng hng.
b) CH4 v NH4+ u c cu trc t din u.
c) CO32- v SO32- u c cu trc phng.
d) H2O v BeCl2 u c cu trc gc.
4.23 Phn t SO2 c gc ha tr OSO = 11905 c cc c im cu to l:
a) Dng gc, bc lin kt 1,33, c lin kt khng nh ch 3 tm.
b) Dng gc, bc lin kt 1,5, c lin kt khng nh ch 3 tm.
c) Dng tam gic, bc lin kt 1, khng c lin kt .
d) Dng gc, bc lin kt 2, c lin kt 2 tm.
4.24 Nhng phn t no trong s cc phn t sau y c momen lng cc bng khng? H2 , H2S , CO2
, NH3 , H2O , SO2 (cho bit H (Z = 1), C (Z = 6) , O (Z = 8) , N (Z = 7) v S (Z = 16))
a) H2 , H2S
b) CO2 , NH3
c) H2O , SO2
d) H2, CO2
4.3.3 Thuyt ocbitan phn t (MO)
4.25 Chn pht biu ng theo phng php MO:
1) Phng php Ocbitan phn t cho rng trong phn t khng cn tn ti ocbitan nguyn t, thay vo
y l cc ocbitan phn t.
2) Phn t l t hp thng nht ca cc ht nhn nguyn t v , trng thi c c trng bng hm
s sng phn t.
3) Cc ca cc nguyn t ch chu lc tc dng ca ht nhn nguyn t .
11
4) Cc orbital phn t c to thnh do s t hp tuyn tnh cc orbital nguyn t, s MO to thnh

bng s AO tham gia t hp.
a) 1,2 v 3
b)1,2 v 4
c) 2 v 4
d) 1 v 2
4.26 Chn pht biu sai v phng php MO
a) Cc electron trong phn t chu nh hng ca tt c cc ht nhn nguyn t trong phn t.
b) Cc electron phn b trong phn t theo cc quy tc nh trong nguyn t a electron (tr quy tc
Cleskovxki).
c) MO lin kt c nng lng ln hn AO ban u.
d) Ngi MO lin kt v phn lin kt cn c MO khng lin kt.
4.27 Da theo thuyt ocbitan phn t (MO) trong cc phn t H2, H2- v H22- phn t no c lin kt
bn nht, phn t no thun t, phn t no khng tn ti (cho kt qa theo th t trn)
a) H2, H22-, H2b) H2, H2-, H222c) H2 , H2 , H2
d) H2-, H2, H224.28 Bit in tch ht nhn ca Be, F, N v Li ln lt l 4, 9, 7 v 3. Phn t no khng tn ti trong
thc t?
a) N2
b) Li2
c) Be2
d) F2
4.29 Chn cu ng. S thm electron vo ocbitan phn t phn lin kt dn n h qa:
a) Gim di v tng nng lng lin kt.
b) Tng di v gim nng lng lin kt.
c) Gim di v gim nng lng lin kt.
d) Tng di v tng nng lng lin kt.
4.30 So snh bc lin kt trong N2, CO v CN-:
a) Trong CO ln nht
b) Trong CN- ln nht
c) Trong N2 ln nht
d) Bng nhau
+
4.31 di lin kt trong cc tiu phn NO, NO v NO tng dn theo th t:
a) NO < NO- < NO+
b) NO+ < NO < NOc) NO- < NO < NO+
d) NO < NO+ < NO-

bn lin kt trong cc tiu phn NO, NO+, NO- tng dn theo th t:
a) NO < NO+ < NOb) NO < NO- < NO+
c) NO- < NO < NO+
d) NO+ < NO < NO+
4.33 Theo thuyt MO, bc ln kt ca CO, CN v NO ln lt l:
a) 1 ; 2 ; 3.
b) bng nhau v bng 3.
c) 2 ; 2,5 ; 3
d) Bng nhau v bng 2 .
4.34 Bit cacbon c Z bng 6 v Nit c Z bng 7. Cu hnh electron ca ion CN- l:(z l trc lin kt)
a) (s)2(s*)2(z)2(x,y)4
b) (s)2(s*)2 (x)2 (z)2(y)2
c) (s)2(s*)2 (x,y)4 (z )2
d) (s)2(s*)2 (x,y)4 (z )1(x*)1
4.35 Chn pht biu ng. Theo phng php obitan phn t, cu hnh electron phn t BN l (z l trc
lin kt ):
a) (slk)2(s*)2(xlk)2(ylk)1(zlk)1
b) (slk)2(xlk)2 (s*)2 (ylk)2
c) (xlk)2(ylk)2(slk)2(s*)2
d) (slk)2(s*)2(zlk)2 (xlk)1(ylk)1
4.36 Chn pht biu chnh xc:
a) O2 c bc lin kt b hn O2+
b) Nng lng lin kt ca O2+ ln hn O2.
c) Lin kt O2 c di ln hn O2+
d) Cc pht biu trn u ng
4.4 S phn cc v s b phn cc ca ion
4.37 Sp cc cation Na+ , Al3+, Cs+ v Mg2+ theo s tng dn phn cc ca chng :
a) Na+ < Cs+ < Mg2+ < Al3+
b) Cs+ < Na+ < Mg2+ < Al3+
c) Al3+ < Mg2+ < Na+ < Cs+
d) Mg2+ < Al3+ < Na+ < Cs+
4. 38 Sp xp cc hp cht VCl3, VCl2, VCl4 v VCl5 theo s tng dn tnh cng ha tr ca lin kt
a) VCl2 < VCl3 < VCl4 < VCl5
b) VCl5 < VCl4 < VCl3 < VCl2
b) VCl3 < VCl4 < VCl2 < VCl5
d) VCl4 < VCl2 < VCl3 < VCl5
12
4.39 Hy sp xp cc phn t sau y theo chiu tng dn b phn cc ca ion m:

1. NaF
2. NaCl
3. NaBr
4. NaI
a) NaF , NaBr , NaI , NaCl
b) NaI , NaBr , NaCl , NaF
c) NaF , NaCl , NaBr , NaI
d) NaF , NaCl , NaI , NaBr
4.5 Cc loi lin kt khc
4.40 Trong cc cht sau: HF, NH3 v H2S cht no c lin kt hydro
a) Ch c HF
b) Ch c NH3
c) HF, NH3
d) c ba cht
a) Lin kt gia hai phi kim loi lun lun l lin kt cng ha tr.
b) Lin kt gia hai kim loi l lin kt ion.
c) Lin kt gia kim loi v phi kim loi lun lun l lin kt ion.
d) Hp cht no c cha O v N u cho c lin kt hydro.
a) Hp cht c cha F, O lun lun cho lin kt hydro
b) Lin kt hydro lin phn t lm tng nhit si ca hp cht.
c) Hp cht to c lin kt hydro vi nc lun lun ha tan vi nc theo bt k t l no.
d) Lin kt hydro ch c khi hp cht th rn.
4.43 Theo thuyt min nng lng kim cng khng dn in v:
a) Trong tinh th kim cng min ha tr c in y electron, cn min cm c ln hn 3 eV.
b) C min cm gia min ha tr v min dn ca kim cng.
c) Lin kt gia cc nguyn t C trong tinh th kim cng l lin kt cng ha tr bn vng.
d) S che ph cp i gia cc ON lai ha sp3 ca cc nguyn t C lm cho min ha tr ca kim
cng bo ha.
4.6 nh hng ca bn cht lin kt v cu trc phn t n cc tnh cht vt l ca cc cht
a) I2 rn d thng hoa v I2 c mng tinh th cng ha tr.
b) NaCl kh nng chy v NaCl c mng tinh th ion.
c) Kim cng rt kh nng chy v kim cng c mng tinh th cng ha tr.
d) ng dn in rt tt v ng c mng tinh th kim loi.
a) Cacbon graphit khng dn in v n l mt phi kim loi.
b) Tinh th NaCl dn in v n c cha cc ion.
c) Kim cng khng dn in v vng cm c nng lng ln hn 3eV.
d) Cht bn dn l cht c min dn v min ha tr che ph nhau.
4.46 Trong cc kh CO2, SO2, NH3 v He, kh kh ha lng nht l:
a) He
b) CO2
c) NH3
d) SO2
4.47 Sp cc cht sau NH3, H2S v H2O theo th t nhit si tng dn:
a) H2S < H2O < NH3
b) H2S < NH3 < H2O
c) NH3 < H2S < H2O
d) NH3 < H2O < H2S
4.48 Cc cht HCl, HBr, H2 v BaCl2 c nhit si gim dn trong dy:
a) HCl > BaCl2 > HBr > H2
b) H2 > HCl > BaCl2 > HBr
c) HCl > HBr > BaCl2 > H2
d) BaCl2 > HBr > HCl > H2
4.49 Trong dy H2O, H2S, H2Se, H2Te, (O, S, Se, Te c cu hnh electron ha tr ln lt l 2s22p4 ,
3s23p4, 4s24p4, 5s25p4), nhit si cc cht bin thin nh sau:
a) Tng dn t H2O n H2Te
b) Gim dn t H2O n H2Te
c) Nhit si ca H2O > H2S < H2Se < H2Te (nhit si ca H2S thp nht)
d) Nhit si ca H2O < H2S > H2Se > H2Te (nhit si ca H2S cao nht)
13
4.50 CaCl2 v CdCl2 u l cc hp cht ion. Cc ion Ca2+ (lp v ngi cng 3s23p6) v Cd2+ (lp v
ngi cng 4s24p64d10) c kch thc xp x nhau. Chn pht biu ng:
a) Nhit nng chy ca hai hp cht xp x nhau v chng c cu to t cc ion c in tch v
kch thc xp x nhau.
b) Nhit nng chy ca CaCl2 ln hn ca CdCl2 v CaCl2 c tnh ion ln hn.
c) Nhit nng chy ca CaCl2 nh hn ca CdCl2 v CaCl2 nh hn CdCl2.
d) Nhit nng chy ca CaCl2 nh hn ca CdCl2 v Ca2+ c kh nng phn cc mnh hn Cd2+.
a) SO2 tan trong nc nhiu hn CO2 v SO2 c khi lng phn t ln hn CO2.
b) SO2 tan trong nc nhiu hn CO2 v phn t SO2 c moment lng cc khc khng, CO2 c
moment lng cc bng khng.
c) SO2 v CO2 u t tan trong nc v c hai u l hp cht cng ha tr m nc ch ha tan
c cc hp cht ion.
d) SO2 v CO2 u tan nhiu trong nc v u c cha lin kt phn cc.
a) Ch c hp cht ion mi tan trong nc
b) Cc hp cht cng ha tr u khng tan trong nc
c) Cc hp cht c nng lng mng tinh th (U) nh, kh tan trong nc
d) Cc hp cht cng ha tr phn t nh v to c lin kt hidro vi nc th tan nhiu trong
nc

a) Etylamin (C2H5NH2) v ru etylic u tan nhiu trong nc do to c lin kt hydro vi
nc.
b) Toluen (C6H5CH3) l mt hidrocacbon nn t tan trong nc
c) C2H5-O-C2H5 l phn t phn cc nn tan nhiu hn C6H14
d) Cht to lin kt hidro vi nc c th tan trong nc theo bt c t l no.
Xt cc hp cht dng H2X ca cc nguyn t phn nhm VIA: O, S, Se, Te.
a) H2Te c nhit nng chy cao nht v c khi lng phn t ln nht.
b) H2O c nhit nng chy cao nht v c lin kt hydrogen.
c) Chng c nhit nng chy xp x nhau v c cu trc phn t tng t nhau.
d) Khng so snh c v phn cc ca chng khc nhau.
4.55 Sp cc cht sau y: C6H14, CH3-O-CH3 v C2H5OH theo th t tan trong nc tng dn:
a) CH3-O-CH3 < C6H14 < C2H5OH
b) C6H14 < C2H5OH < CH3-O-CH3
c) C2H5OH < CH3-O-CH3 < C6H14
d) C6H14 < CH3-O-CH3 < C2H5OH
4.7 Cc cu hi tng hp
4.56 Trong cc hp cht sau : AlCl3 , BCl3 , KCl v MgCl2, hp cht no c tnh cng ha tr nhiu nht
v hp cht no c tnh ion nhiu nht? (Cho bit Al (Z = 13) , B (Z= 5) , K (Z = 19) , Mg (Z = 12);
p n sp theo th t cu hi)
a) AlCl3 ; KCl
b) BCl3
; KCl
c) KCl ; BCl3
d) MgCl2 ; AlCl3
Trong cc loi lin kt sau, lin kt no c nng lng lin kt nh nht:
a) Ion
b) Cng ha tr
c) Van der Waals
d) Hydrogen
14
1) Lin kt cng ha tr l lin kt mnh nht do n to ra c cc hp cht c cng cao nht

nh kim cng.
2) Lin kt Van Der Waals tn ti c bn trong mt phn t hu hn (v d: C2H5OH).
3) Lin kt cng ha tr yu hn lin kt ion do cc hp cht ion c cng ha tr cao u km
bn v c nhit nng chy kh thp. V d: FeCl2 c nhit nng chy 672oC, nhit si
1026oC, trong khi FeCl3 c nhit nng chy 307,5oC v nhit si 316oC.
4)Tt c cc loi hp cht ha hc c to thnh t t nht mt trong ba loi lin kt mnh l ion,
cng ha tr v kim loi.
a) 1 v 4
b) 1 , 2 v 4
c) 3 v 4
d) 4
4.59 Trong cc cht H2, RbF, NaCl v NH3, cht no c % tnh ion cao nht, cht no c % tnh ion thp
nht trong lin kt (cho kt qa theo th t trn):
a) H2, RbF
b) RbF, H2
c) NaCl, NH3
d) RbF, NH3
a) S oxy ha l mt i lng quy c vi gi thit nguyn t nhn hn hoc cho hn electron ha
tr c thn hoc b kch thch n trng thi c thn.
b) Cng ha tr cc i ca mt nguyn t bng s ocbitan ha tr tham gia lai ha.
c) Lin kt ion c tnh khng bo ha, tnh khng nh hng v tnh c cc.
d) Lin kt cng ha tr c cc tnh cht : nh hng, bo ha, c cc hoc khng c cc.
4.61 Chn cu sai trong cc pht biu sau v hp cht ion:
a) C nhit nng chy cao.
b) Dn in trng thi tinh th.
c) Phn ly thnh ion khi tan trong nc.
d) Dn in trng thi nng chy.
4.62 Loi lin kt no l ch yu trong hp cht CH3OH.
a) Lin kt ion.
b) Lin kt cng ha tr.
c)Lin kt hidro.
d) Lin kt kim loi.
4.63 Chn cu sai:

a) NaCl c lin kt ion
b) Ngi lin kt ion, KCl cn c lin kt Van der Waals
c) HCl c lin kt cng ha tr
d) NH3 c lin kt hidro lin phn t
4.64 Chn pht biu sai trong cc pht biu sau:
a) Cc lin kt Hidro v Van der Waals l lin kt yu, ni phn t.
b) Cc lin kt cng ha tr v ion c bn cht in.
c) Lin kt hidro lin phn t s lm tng nhit si ca cht lng.
d) Lin kt kim loi l lin kt khng nh ch.
4.65 Trong 4 hp cht sau BaF2, CaCl2, CF4, HF, hp cht m lin kt c tnh ion cao nht l
a) CaCl2
b) BaF2
c) CF4
d) HF
4.66 Trong cc lin kt cng ha tr sau H-F, H-Br, H-I, H-Cl, lin kt t b phn cc nht l
a) H-F
b) H-I
c) H-Cl
d) H-Br.
2
6
4.67 Nguyn t A c cu hnh lp cui cng l 2s 2p . Chn pht biu sai:
a) A l nguyn t tr v mt ha hc iu kin kh quyn.
b) A l cht rn iu kin thng.
c) A chu k 2 v phn nhm VIII A.
d) L nguyn t cui cng ca chu k 2.
1) Lc tng tc Van der Waals gia cc phn t trung ha c gii thch bng ba hiu ng: Hiu
ng nh hng, hiu ng cm ng v hiu ng khuych tn.
2) m in khng phi l mt hng s nguyn t m ph thuc nhiu yu t nh trng thi ha tr,
s oxy ha ca nguyn t, thnh phn ca cc hp cht cho nn, mt cch cht ch ta phi ni
m in ca mt nguyn t trong nhng iu kin c th xc nh.
15
3) Do c lin kt hydro nn nc c cu trc c bit, tng i xp nn t khi nh, nn nc

nh hn nc lng.
a) 2
b) 1, 2
c) 1, 3
d) c ba cu u ng.
4.69 Ngc li vi NaCl, LiI tan nhiu trong ru, tan t trong nc, nhit nng chy thp. L do l
v:
a) Lin kt trong phn t LiI mang nhiu c tnh cng ha tr, tri li lin kt trong phn t NaCl
mang nhiu c tnh ion.
b) Ion Li+ c bn knh nh hn ion Na+, trong khi ion I- c bn knh ln hn ion Cl-.
c) Nng lng mng li tinh th LiI ln hn nng lng mng li tinh th NaCl.
d) C hai l do a v b u ng.
P N PHN 1: CU TO CHT
Cu
p n
Cu
p n
Cu
p n
Cu
p n
Cu
p n
Cu
p n
Cu
p n
Cu
p n
Cu
p n
Cu
p n
Cu
p n
Cu
p n
cu
p n
Cu
p n
Cu
p n
2.1
d
2.11
d
2.21
b
2.31
a
3.1
d
3.11
a
3.21
b
3.31
a
4.1
c
4.11
c
4.21
c
4.31
b
4.41
a
4.51
b
4.61
b
2.2
a
2.12
c
2.22
a
2.32
a
3.2
b
3.12
d
3.22
b
3.32
c
4.2
b
4.12
b
4.22
b
4.32
c
4.42
b
4.52
d
4.62
b
2.3
d
2.13
d
2.23
a
2.33
a
3.3
c
3.13
d
3.23
c
3.33
a
4.3
c
4.13
a
4.23
d
4.33
b
4.43
a
4.53
d
4.63
b
2.4
b
2.14
a
2.24
c
2.34
b
3.4
c
3.14
c
3.24
b
3.34
c
4.4
a
4.14
c
4.24
d
4.34
c
4.44
a
4.54
b
4.64
a
2.5
d
2.15
c
2.25
b
2.6
d
2.16
a
2.26
c
2.7
a
2.17
b
2.27
a
2.8
a
2.18
b
2.28
c
2.9
b
2.19
b
2.29
c
2.10
a
2.20
a
2.30
d
3.5
b
3.15
b
3.25
b
3.35
c
4.5
a
4.15
a
4.25
b
4.35
a
4.45
c
4.55
d
4.65
b
3.6
c
3.16
d
3.26
c
3.7
c
3.17
d
3.27
a
3.8
b
3.18
a
3.28
c
3.9
a
3.19
a
3.29
c
3.10
c
3.20
d
3.30
b
4.6
a
4.16
c
4.26
c
4.36
d
4.46
a
4.56
b
4.66
b
4.7
c
4.17
a
4.27
b
4.37
b
4.47
b
4.57
c
4.67
b
4.8
d
4.18
d
4.28
c
4.38
a
4.48
d
4.58
d
4.68
d
4.9
c
4.19
a
4.29
b
4.39
c
4.49
c
4.59
b
4.69
d
4.10
b
4.20
d
4.30
d
4.40
c
4.50
b
4.60
b
16
PHN 2: L THUYT DIN RA CC QU TRNH HA HC

A. BI TP TN
Bi 2.1: Cho phn ng : H2 (k) + 1/2O2 (k) = H2O (l). Hy xc nh :
a) o v Uo ca phn ng 25oC.
b) o 100oC,
Cho bit nhit dung ng p trong khong nhit t 25 n 100oC i vi H2 (k), O2 (k) v H2O (l) l
28,9; 29,4 v 75,5 J/mol.
Cho bit : o298,tt ca H2O (l) bng 68,32 kcal/mol
p s : a) 68,32 kcal ; -67,43 kcal . b) 67,75 kcal
Bi 2.2: Tnh hiu ng nhit ca cc phn ng trung ha:
HCl (dd) + NaOH (dd) = NaCl (dd) + H2O (l)
(1)
HCl (dd) + KOH (dd) = KCl (dd) + H2O (l)
(2)
Cho bit nhit to thnh ca cc ion trong nc nh sau (kJ/mol) :
ion
H+.aq
Na+.aq
K+.aq
OH-.aq
Cl-.aq
H2O (l)
o
0,0
-240
-252
-230
-167
-286
298,tt
Cho bit ti sao nhit trung ha gia cc axit mnh v baz mnh u c cng gi tr nh
nhau? p s : -56 kJ
Bi 2.3: Ha tan 1 mol CuSO4, 1mol CuSO4. H2O hoc 1mol CuSO4.5H2O trong 800 mol nc
km theo s gii phng hay thu vo mt lng nhit tng ng l 15,90; -9,33 v 2,80 kcal.
Hy tnh hiu ng nhit ca cc qa trnh:
CuSO4
CuSO4.H2O
(1)
CuSO4.H2O
CuSO4.5H2O
(2)
CuSO4
CuSO4.5H2O
(3)
17
p s : -6,57 kcal ; -12,13 kcal v 18,70 kcal

Bi 2.4: Hy xc nh nng lng lin kt trung bnh ca mt ni C-H trong phn t CH4, cho bit nhit
thng hoa ca grafit bng 170,9 kcal/mol, nhit phn li ca kh hydro bng 103,26 kcal/mol v hiu ng
nhit ca phn ng sau:
C (gr) + 2H2 (k) =
o
CH4(k) ,
298 = -17,89 kcal
p s : 98,83 kcal
Bi 2.5: Tnh thay i entropi khi t nng 1 nguyn t gam cadimi t t1 = 25oC n t2 = 727oC.
Cho bit cadimi c: Nhit nng chy 321oC, nhit nng chy l 1460 cal/ntg, nhit dung nguyn t
ng p th rn l: Cpr = 5,46 + 2,47.10-3T (cal/ntg.K), nhit dung nguyn t ng p th lng l:
Cpl = 7,13 cal/ntg.K.
p s: 10,72 cal/ntg.K
Bi 2.6: Cho phn ng : NH3 (k) + HCl (k) = NH4Cl (r). Hy da vo cc gi tr nhit to
thnh tiu chun, entropi tiu chun v th ng p tiu chun cho trong bi ca
mt s cht :
a) Tnh o298, So298, Go298 ca phn ng.
b) Tnh Go298,tt ca NH4Cl (r)
c) T cc kt qa thu c c th rt ra nhng kt lun g?
Cho bit :
Nhit to thnh tiu chun 25oC (kcal/ mol) ca NH3(k), HCl (k) v NH4Cl (r) ln lt l: -11,00 ; 22,24 v -75,38
Entropi tiu chun 25oC (cal/mol.K) ca NH3(k), HCl (k) v NH4Cl (r) ln lt l: 45,95 ; 46,04 v
22,6
Th ng p to thnh tiu chun 25oC (kcal/mol.K) ca NH3 (k) v HCl (k) ln lt l: -4,00 v
22,74
p s:
a) -42,14 kcal; -68,22 cal/ ; -21,46 kcal
b) -48,21 kcal
Bi 2.7: Cho phn ng: CH4(k) + 2H2O (k) = CO2(k) + 4H2 (k)
a) Tnh o298, So298, Go298 ca phn ng.
Tnh o1000, So1000, Go1000 ca phn ng, cho bit nhit dung phn t ng p trung bnh trong
khong nhit 273K n 1000oK ca cc kh CH4, H2O, CO2 v H2 ln lt l: 8,54; 8,03; 8,87 v 6,89
cal/mol.K.
So snh kh nng v chiu hng ca phn ng trn cc nhit 298K v 1000K.
Cho bit:
Nhit to thnh tiu chun 25oC (kcal/mol) ca cc kh CH4, H2O v CO2 ln lt l: -17,89; -57,80;
-94,10.
Entropi tiu chun 25oC (cal/mol.K) ca cc kh CH4, H2O,CO2 v H2 ln lt l: 45,50; 45,13; 51,10
v 31,21.
Bi 2.8: Cho phn ng thun nghch: H2 (k) + I2 (k)
2HI (k)
Xc nh s gam HI c to thnh v hiu sut ca phn ng theo l thuyt khi cho 2g hydro v
254g iot phn ng trong bnh kn c dung tch 3 lt 699K, bit hng s cn bng KP ca phn ng
nhit ny l 54,5.
p s: 201,37g ; 78,7%
Bi 2.9: Xc nh hng s cn bng KP ca phn ng: N2O4 (k) = 2NO (k) 25oC, cho bit phn li
ca N2O4 nhit ny v p sut 1 atm l 0,185. Tnh phn li ca N2O4 khi p sut chung l 10
atm.
p s: KP = 0,141 ; = 0,059
Bi 2.10: Phn ng thun nghch: CO (k) + Cl2 (k) = COCl2 (k) , c thc hin trong bnh kn nhit
khng i. Nng ban u ca CO v Cl2 bng nhau v bng 0,4 ptg/lit.
18
Tnh hng s cn bng KC ca phn ng, bit rng khi h t trng thi cn bng th ch cn 50% lng
CO ban u.
Sau khi cn bng c thit lp ta thm 0,1 ptg CO vo 1 lt hn hp. Tnh nng cc cht lc cn
bng mi c thit lp.
p s: a) KC = 5 , b) 0,27 (CO) ; 0,17 (CO2); 0,23 (COCl2) (ptg/lit)
Bi 2.11: Hng s tc ca phn ng n phn t bng 8.10-3pht-1. Hy tnh thi gian cho nng
ban u ca cht phn ng gim i 1/4
p s: 36 pht
Bi 2.12: 35oC kh N2O5 tinh khit cha trong bnh kn c p sut 0,100 atm. Hng s tc ca
phn ng bc mt phn hy N2O5 thnh N2O4 v O2 bng 1,34.10-4 giy-1. Tnh p sut ring phn ca
oxy sau 10 pht v sau 1 gi.
p s: sau 10 pht : P = 0,004 atm; sau 1 gi: P = 0,019 atm
Bi 2.13: Hi etyl clorua b nhit phn theo phn ng : C2H5Cl C2H4 + HCl. y l phn ngbc
mt v c hng s tc phn ng :
trong = 1,6.1014sec-1, E* = 59,5 kcal/mol. Tnh:
k .e
E*
RT
Hng s k 700K
% etyl clorua b phn hy nhit ny sau 10 pht
Nhit m y phn ng c tc ln hn 2 ln
p s: a) 4,24.10-5sec-1 , b) 2,53%, c) 712K
Bi 2.14: Xc nh bc ca phn ng chuyn etylen thnh buten v hng s tc k 427oC, bit rng
nhit ny khi nng ca etylen l 0,1 mol/lit th tc phn ng bng 7,6.10-6 mol/lit.sec, cn khi
nng etylen l 0,01 mol/lit th tc phn ng ch cn l 7,6.10-8 mol/lit.sec.
p s: Bc 2; k = 7,6.10-4sec-1
Bi 2.15: Ngi ta ha tan mt khi lp phng kim loi ha tr 2 c cnh bng 1 cm vo axit. Hy vit
phng trnh tc phn ng ha hc xy ra. Xc nh tc phn ng tng ln bao nhiu ln nu phn
chia khi lp phng kim loi ban u thnh nhng khi lp phng c cnh bng 0,1 cm ri mi cho
tc dng vi axit?
p s: v = k.S.CH ; 10 ln
B. BI TP TRC NGHIM
CHNG 6: HIU NG NHIT CA CC QU TRNH HA HC
6.1 Cc khi nim c bn ca nhit ng hc v nhit ng ha hc. nh lut th nht ca nhit
ng hc.
a) H c lp l h khng c trao i cht, khng trao i nng lng di dng nhit v cng vi mi
trng.
b) H kn l h khng trao i cht v cng, song c th trao i nhit vi mi trng.
c) H on nhit l h khng trao i cht v nhit, song c th trao i cng vi mi trng.
d) H h l h khng b rng buc bi hn ch no, c th trao i cht v nng lng vi mi trng.
6.2 Xt phn ng NO(k) + 1/2O2(k) NO2(k) o298= -7,4 kcal. Phn ng c thc hin trong bnh
kn c th tch khng i, sau phn ng c a v nhit ban u. H nh th l:
a) H c lp
b) h kn & ng th
c) H kn & d th
d) h c lp v ng th
6.3 Chn sai:
19
a) Nguyn l I nhit ng hc thc cht l nh lut bo tn nng lng.

b) Nhit ch c th t truyn t vt th c nhit cao sang vt th c nhit thp.
c) Hiu ng nhit ca mt phn ng l lng nhit to ra hay thu vo ca phn ng .
d) bin thin entanpi ca mt qu trnh khng thay i theo nhit .
6.4 Trong mt chu trnh , cng h nhn l 2 kcal. Tnh nhit m h trao i :
a) -2 kcal
b) +4 kcal
c) +2 kcal
d) 0
6.5 Trong iu kin ng tch, phn ng pht nhit l phn ng c:
a) Cng A < 0
b) U < 0
c) H < 0
d) U > 0
6.6 Chn qu trnh ng:

Xt phn ng:
NO (k) + O2 (k) = NO2 (k)
Phn ng c thc hin trong bnh kn c th tch khng i, sau phn ng c a v nhit
ban u. Qu trnh nh th l qu trnh :
a) ng p , ng nhit
b) ng tch
c) ng tch, ng nhit
d) ng p , ng tch
6.7 Mt h c ni nng tng ( U2 > U1) , khi i t trng thi 1 sang trng thi 2 trong iu kin ng p.
Bit rng trong qu trnh bin i ny h to nhit ( < 0) , vy h :
a) Sinh ra cng
b) Nhn cng
c) Khng trao i cng

d) Khng th d n c
6.8 S bin thin ni nng U khi mt h thng i t trng thi th nht (I) sang trng thi th
hai (II) bng nhng ng i khc nhau c tnh cht sau:
a) Khng i do nhit Q v cng A u khng thay i.
b) Thay i do nhit Q v cng A thay i theo ng i.
c) Khng thay i v bng Q - A theo nguyn l bo tn nng lng.
d) Khng th tnh c do mi ng i c Q v A khc nhau.
6.9 Mt h thng hp thu mt lng nng lng di dng nhit l 200 kJ. Ni nng ca h tng thm
250 kJ. Vy trong bin i trn cng ca h thng c gi tr:
a) 350 kJ, h sinh cng
b) 50 kJ, h nhn cng
c) 50 kJ, h sinh cng
d) -50 kJ, h nhn cng
6.2 Hiu ng nhit ca cc qu trnh ha hc. nh lut Hess
6.10 Trong iu kin ng p, mt nhit xc nh, phn ng :
A(r) + 2B(k) = C(k) + 2D(k) pht nhit. Vy:
d) Cha d liu so snh
a) U < H
b) U = H
c) U > H
6.11 Trong iu kin ng tch, phn ng pht nhit l phn ng c:
a) Cng A < 0
b) U < 0
c) H < 0
d) U > 0
6.12 Tnh hiu s gia hiu ng nhit phn ng ng p v ng tch ca phn ng sau y 25oC:
C2H5OH (l) + 3O2 (k) = 2CO2(k) + 3H2O (l)
(R = 8,314 J/mol.K)
a) 4539J
b) 2270J
c) 1085J
d) 2478J
6.13 Phn ng Fe2O3(r) + 3CO(k) = 2Fe(r) + 3CO2(k) iu kin cho c 298 = -6,8 Kcal. Suy ra
U298 (kcal) ca phn ng bng: (R 2.10-3 kcal/mol.K)
a) +6,8
b) 8,6
c) 6,8
d) 5,0
6.14 Chn pht biu chnh xc ca nh lut Hess

a) Hiu ng nhit ca qu trnh ha hc ch ph thuc vo bn cht v trng thi ca cc cht u v
sn phm ch khng ph thuc vo ng i ca qu trnh.
b) Hiu ng nhit ng p hay ng tch ca qu trnh ha hc ch ph thuc vo bn cht ca cc cht
u v sn phm ch khng ph thuc vo ng i ca qu trnh.
c) Hiu ng nhit ng p ca qu trnh ha hc ch ph thuc vo bn cht v trng thi ca cc cht
u v sn phm ch khng ph thuc vo ng i ca qu trnh.
20
d) Hiu ng nhit ng p hay ng tch ca qu trnh ha hc ch ph thuc vo bn cht v trng thi

ca cc cht u v sn phm ch khng ph thuc vo ng i ca qu trnh.
6.15 i lng no sau y khng phi l hm trng thi:
1. Ap sut (p)
2. Entanpi (H)
3. Cng (A)
4. Nhit (Q)
5. nhit (t)
a) 1, 2 & 3
b) 2, 3 & 4
c) 3 & 4
d) 1, 2, 3 & 4
6.16 Chn p n ng:
ca mt qu trnh ha hc khi h chuyn t trng thi th nht (I) sang trng thi th hai (II)
bng nhng cch khc nhau c c im:
a) Thay i theo cch tin hnh qu trnh.
b) Khng thay i theo cch tin hnh qu trnh.
c) C th cho ta bit chiu t din bin ca qu trnh cc nhit khc nhau.
d) C hai c im b v c u ng.
a) Hiu ng nhit ca mt phn ng o iu kin ng p bng bin thin ca entanpi, hiu ng nhit
ca phn ng o iu kin ng tch bng bin thin ni nng ca h.
b) Hphn ng > 0 khi phn ng pht nhit
c) Uphn ng < 0 khi phn ng thu nhit
d) Hiu ng nhit ca mt phn ng khng ty thuc iu kin (to, p sut), trng thi ca cc cht tham
gia phn ng cng nh cc cht to thnh sau phn ng (sn phm).
6.18 Mt phn ng c H = -200 kJ.mol-1. Da trn thng tin ny c th kt lun phn ng ti nhit
ang xt nh sau:
a) ta nhit
b) c tc nhanh
c) t xy ra c
d) c a, b, c u ng
6.19 Chn cu tr li ng. Gi tr o298 ca mt phn ng ha hc
a) Ty thuc vo cch vit cc h s t lng ca phng trnh phn ng.
b) Ty thuc vo nhit lc din ra phn ng.
c) Ty thuc vo cch tin hnh phn ng.
d) Tt c u sai.
6.20 Chn cu ng. Phn ng thu nhit mnh:
a) Khng th xy ra t pht mi gi tri nhit .
b) C th xy ra t pht nhit thp.
c) C th xy ra t pht nhit cao nu bin thin entropi ca n dng.
d) C th xy ra t pht nhit cao nu bin thin entropi ca n m.
6.21 Cho phn ng : N2 (k) + O2 (k) = 2NO (k) c o298,p = +180,8 kJ.
iu kin tiu chun 25oC , khi thu c 1 mol kh NO t phn ng trn th:
a) Lng nhit ta ra l 180,8 kJ.
b) Lng nhit thu vo l 180,8 kJ.
c) Lng nhit thu vo l 90,4 kJ.
d) Lng nhit ta ra l 90,4 kJ.
6.22 Hiu ng nhit to thnh tiu chun ca CO2 l bin thin entanpi ca phn ng:
a) Ckim cng + O2 (k) = CO2 (k)
0oC, p sut ring ca O2 v CO2 u bng 1 atm
b) Cgraphit + O2 (k) = CO2 (k)
25oC, p sut ring ca O2 v CO2 u bng 1 atm
c) Cgraphit + O2 (k) = CO2 (k)
0oC, p sut chung bng 1atm
d) Cgraphit + O2 (k) = CO2 (k)
25oC, p sut chung bng 1atm
6.23 Hiu ng nhit ca mt phn ng bng:
a) Tng nhit to thnh sn phm tr tng nhit to thnh cc cht u.

b) Tng nhit t chy cc cht u tr tng nhit t chy cc sn phm.
c) Tng nng lng lin kt trong cc cht u tr tng nng lng lin kt trong cc sn phm.
d) Tt c u ng
6.24 Chn trng hp ng: iu kin tiu chun, phn ng: H2 (k) + 1/2O2 (k) = H2O (l) pht ra
mt lng nhit l 245,17kJ. T y suy ra:
a) Hiu ng nhit t chy tiu chun ca H2 l 245,17kJ/mol.
21
b) Nhit to thnh tiu chun ca nc lng l 245,17kJ/mol.

c) Hiu ng nhit phn ng trn l 245,17kJ.
d) C ba cu trn u ng.
6.25 Bit rng nhit to thnh tiu chun ca B2O3 (r), H2O (l) ,CH4 (k) v C2H2 (k) ln lt bng: 1273,5 ; -285,8; -74,7 ; +2,28 (kJ/mol). Trong 4 cht ny, cht d b phn hy thnh n cht nht l:
a) H2O
b) CH4
c) C2H2
d) B2O3
6.26 Trong cc hiu ng nhit (H) ca cc phn ng cho di y, gi tr no l hiu ng nhit t
chy?
1) C (gr) + 1/2O2 (k) = CO (k)
o298 = -110,55 kJ
2) H2 (k) + 1/2O2 (k) = H2O (l)
o273 = - 571,20 kJ
3) H2 (k) + 1/2O2 (k) = H2O (k)
o298 = -237,84 kJ
4) C (gr) + O2 (k) = CO2 (k)
o298 = -393,50 kJ
a) 4
b) 2,4
c) 1,2,3,4
d) 2
6.27 Lp cng thc tnh hiu ng nhit (0 ) ca phn ng B A , thng qua hiu ng nhit ca
cc phn ng sau :
A C
1
C D
2
B D
3
a) 0 = 3 - 1 - 2
b) 0 = 3 + 2 - 1
c) 0 = 2 - 1 - 3
d) 0 = 1 + 2 + 3
6.28 Lp cng thc tnh hiu ng nhit (0 ) ca phn ng B A , thng qua hiu ng nhit ca
cc phn ng sau :
A C
1
D C
2
B D
3
b) 0 = 3 + 2 - 1
a) 0 = 1 - 2 + 3
c) 0 = 2 - 1 - 3
d) 0 = 1 + 2 + 3
6.29 T hai phn ng:
(1) A + B = C + D
(2) E + F = C + D
1
2
Thit lp c cng thc tnh 3 ca phn ng A + B = E + F :
a) 3 = 1 - 2
b) 3 = 1 + 2
c) 3 = 2 - 1
d) 3 = -1 -2
6.30 Cho bit:
2NH3 (k) + 5/2O2 (k)
2NO (k) + 3H2O (k)
-46,3
0
+90,4
-241,8
ott,298 (kJ/mol)
Hiu ng nhit ca phn ng trn l:
a) 452 kJ
b) 452 kJ
c) +406,8 kJ
d) 406,8 kJ
6.31 Chn gi tr ng. Khi t chy than ch bng oxy ngi ta thu c 33g kh cacbonic v c 70,9
kcal tht ra iu kin tiu chun, vy nhit to thnh tiu chun ca kh cacbonic c gi tr (kcal/mol).
a) -70,9
b) -94,5
c) 94,5
d) 68,6
6.32 Tnh nhit to thnh tiu chun ca CH3OH lng, bit rng:
C (r) + O2 (k) = CO2 (k)
Ho1 = -94 kcal/mol
H2 (k) + 1/2O2 (k) = H2O (l)
Ho2 = -68,5 kcal/mol
CH3OH (l) + 1 O2 (k) = CO2 (k) + 2H2O (l)
Ho3 = -171 kcal/mol
a) +60 kcal/mol
b) 402 kcal/mol
c) +402 kcal/mol
d) 60 kcal/mol
6.33 T cc gi tr cng iu kin ca cc phn ng :
22
(1) 2SO2(k) + O2(k) = 2SO3(k)

H = -196 kJ
(2) 2S(r) + 3O2(k) = 2SO3(k)
H = -790 kJ
hy tnh gi tr cng iu kin ca phn ng sau : S(r) + O2(k) = SO2(k)
a) H = -594 kJ
b) H = -297 kJ
c) H = 594 kJ
d) H = 297 kJ
6.34 Lng nhit ta ra khi t chy 3g kim loi Mg bng O2(k) to ra MgO(r) l 76kJ iu kin tiu
chun. Nhit to thnh tiu chun (kJ/mol) ca MgO(r) l: ( AMg = 24g)
a) +608kJ
b) +304kJ
c) 608kJ
d) 304kJ
6.35 Xc nh hiu ng nhit t chy 1 mol metan theo phn ng:
CH4(k) + 2O2 (k) = CO2 (k) + 2H2O (l)
Nu bit hiu ng nhit to thnh tiu chun ca cc cht CH4 (k), CO2 (k) v H2O (l) ln lt bng:
-74,85; -393,51; -285,84 ( kJ/mol)
a) 604,5 kJ
b) 890.34 kJ
c) 890,34 kJ
d) 604,5 kJ
CHNG 7: TH NG P V CHIU CA CC QU TRNH HA HC

7.1 Nguyn l th hai ca nhit ng hc. Entropi
Nguyn l th hai nhit ng lc hc c th pht biu nh sau:
a) Nhit khng th t ng truyn t vt lnh hn sang vt nng hn.
b) Cng c th chuyn ha hn tn thnh nhit v nhit cng c th chuyn ha hn tn thnh cng.
c) Khng th c qu trnh trong nhit ly t mt vt c chuyn thnh thnh cng m khng c b
chnh.
d) Khng th c ng c vnh cu loi hai.
7.2 Chn pht biu ng:
a) Bin thin entropi ca h ph thuc ng i.
b) Entropi c thuc tnh cng , gi tr ca n khng ph thuc lng cht.
c) Trong qu trnh t nhin bt k ta lun lun c : dS Q/T (du = ng vi qu trnh thun nghch,
du > ng vi qu trnh bt thun nghch)
d) Entropi c trng cho mc hn n ca cc tiu phn trong h. Mc hn n ca cc tiu phn
trong h cng nh, gi tr entropi cng ln.
7.3 Chn pht biu ng:
1) Entropi ca cht nguyn cht trng thi tinh th hn chnh, nhit khng tuyt i bng khng.
2) khng tuyt i, bin thin entropi trong cc qu trnh bin i cc cht trng thi tinh
th hn chnh u bng khng.
3) Trong h h tt c cc qu trnh t xy ra l nhng qu trnh c km theo s tng entropi.
4) Entropi ca cht trng thi lng c th nh hn entropi ca n trng thi rn.
a) 1
b) 1,2
c) 1,2,3
d) 1,2,3,4
7.4 Mt cht trng thi nhit cng cao th :
a) Entropi cng ln.
b) Entropi cng b.
c) Entropi khng thay i.

d) Mt trong ba cu a, b ,c ng vi cht c th.
7.5 cng iu kin , trong s cc cht sau, cht no c entropi ln nht?
Cht (1) : O (k)
Cht (2) : O2(k)
Cht (3) : O3 (k)
a) Cht 1
b) Cht 2
c) Cht 3
d) Khng bit c
7.6 Bin i entropi khi i t trng thi A sang trng thi B bng 5 con ng khc nhau (xem gin
) c c tnh sau:
23
B
4
5
1
V
a) S ging nhau cho c 5 ng.

b) Mi con ng c S khc nhau.
c) Cc pht biu a, b, d u sai.
d) S ca ng 3 nh nht v l con ng ngn nht
7.7 Qu trnh chuyn pha rn thnh pha lng c:
a) H < 0 , S > 0
b) H > 0, S > 0
c) H < 0, S < 0
d) H > 0, S < 0
7.8 Chn cu ng. Phn ng : 2A ( k) + B (l) = 3C (r) + D (k) c:
d) Khng d n c
a) S = 0
b) S > 0
c) S < 0
7.9 Trong cc phn ng sau:

N2 + O2 = 2NO
(1)
2CH4 = C2H2 + 2H2 (2)
2SO2 + O2 = 2SO3
(3)
Cc cht u th kh. Hy sp xp S ca cc phn ng theo th t tng dn gi tr:
a) 1,2,3
b) 2,1,3
c) 3,1,2
d) 2,3,1
7.10 Trong cc phn ng sau
N2 (k) + O2 (k) = 2NO (k)
(1)
KClO4 (r) = KCl (r) + 2O2 (k)
(2)
C2H2 (k) + 2H2 (k) = C2H6 (k)
(3)
Chn phn ng c S ln nht, S nh nht (cho kt qu theo th t va nu)
a) 1 , 2
b) 2 , 3
c) 2 , 3
d) 3 , 1
7.11 Xc nh qu trnh no sau y c S < 0.
a) O2 (k) 2O (k)
b) 2CH4 (k) + 3O2 (k) 2CO (K) + 4H2O (k)
c) NH4Cl (r) NH3 (k) + HCl (k)
d) N2(k,25oC,1atm) N2 (k,0oC,1atm)
7.12 Cho 3 phn ng:
H2O (l) H2O (k)
(1) S1
2Cl (k) Cl2 (k)
(2) S2
C2H2 (k) + H2 (k) C2H4 (k)
(3) S3
Hy cho bit du ca S1 , S2 , S3 :
a) S1 > 0 , S2 < 0 , S3 < 0
b) S1 < 0 , S2 < 0 , S3 > 0
c) C ba S u dng
d) C ba S u m
7.13 Chn pht biu ng v entropi cc cht sau:
1) SoH 2O (l) > SoH 2O (k)
2) SoMgO(r) < SoBaO(r)
3) SoC3H8(k) > SoCH4(k)
o
o
o
o
4) S Fe(r) < S H2 (k)
5) S Ca(r) > S C3H 8(k)
6) SoS(r) < Sos (l)
a) 1,2,3,4
b) 2,3,4,6
c) 2,3,6
d)1,2,3,5,6
o
o
7.14 Tnh S (J/mol.K) 25 C ca phn ng :
SO2 (k) + O2 (k) = SO3 (k)
Cho bit entropi tiu chun 25oC ca cc cht SO2(k) , O2 (k) v SO3 (k) ln lt bng : 248 , 205
v 257 (J/mol.K)
a) 93,5
b) 93,5
c) 196
d) 196
24
7.2 Th ng p . Chiu ca cc qu trnh ha hc.

7.15 Chn cu ng.
1) Bin thin th ng nhit ng p l phn nng lng ca h c th t do chuyn thnh cng c ch
khi qu trnh xy ra trong iu kin ng nhit ng p.
2) Cng c ch l tt c cc cng sinh ra (k c cng chng p sut ngi) khi h chuyn t trng thi u
n trng thi cui.
3) Th ng p ca h gim dn trong qu trnh t din bin ca h.
4) Trong iu kin ng p, qu trnh t xy ra gn lin vi s tng th ng p ca h.
a) 1 v 3
b) 1 , 3 v 4
c) c 4 cu u ng
d) 2 v 3
7.16 i lng no sau y khng phi l hm trng thi:
1. Ap sut (p) 2.Th ng p ng nhit (G)
3. Cng (A) 4. Nhit (Q) 5. Entropi (S)
a) 1, 2 & 3
c) 3 & 4
b) 2, 3 & 4
d) 1, 2, 3 & 4
7.17 Chn phng n sai. Cc i lng di y u l hm trng thi:
a) entanpi, entropi.
b) nhit , p sut, th ng tch, th ng p
c) Th ng p , ni nng, cng.
d) Th ng p, entanpi, entropi, ni nng
7.18 Cc i lng no sau y l hm trng thi:
1. Ap sut (p)
2. Nhit dung ng p (c)
3. Nhit (Q)
4. Entropi (S)
a) 1, 2 & 4
b) 2, 3 & 4
c) 3 & 4
d) 1, 2, 3 & 4
7.19 Chn cu tr li ng.

Mt phn ng iu kin ang xt c G < 0 th :
a) xy ra t pht trong thc t.
b) c kh nng xy ra t pht trong thc t.
c) trng thi cn bng.
d) Khng xy ra.
7.20 Phn ng khng th xy ra bt c gi tr nhit no nu ti nhit phn ng ny c:
a) < 0 ; S > 0
b) > 0 ; S > 0
c) < 0 ; S < 0
d) > 0 ; S < 0
7.21 Chn p n y nht. Phn ng c th xy ra t pht trong cc trng hp sau:
b) > 0 ; S > 0
c) < 0 ; S < 0
d) > 0 ; S < 0
a) < 0 ; S > 0
< 0 ; S < 0
< 0 ; S > 0
> 0 ; S > 0
> 0 ; S > 0
< 0 ; S > 0
< 0 ; S < 0
> 0 ; S < 0
> 0 ; S < 0
7.22 Chn cu ng. Phn ng thu nhit:
a) Khng th xy ra mi gi tr nhit .
b) C th xy ra nhit thp.
c) C th xy ra nhit cao nu bin thin entropi ca n dng.
d) C th xy ra nhit cao nu bin thin entropi ca n m.
7.23 mt iu kin xc nh, phn ng A B thu nhit mnh c th tin hnh n cng. C th rt
ra cc kt lun sau:
a) Sp > 0 v nhit tin hnh phn ng phi cao.
b) Phn ng B A cng iu kin ca cu a c Gp > 0.
c) Phn ng B A c th tin hnh nhit thp v c Sp < 0.
d) Tt c u ng
7.24 Phn ng 3O2 (k) 2O3 (k) iu kin tiu chun c Ho298 = 284,4 kJ, So298 = -139,8
J/mol.K. Bit rng bin thin entanpi v bin thin entropi ca phn ng t bin i theo nhit . Vy
pht biu no di y l ph hp vi qu trnh phn ng:
a) nhit cao, phn ng din ra t pht.
b) nhit thp, phn ng din ra t pht.
c) Phn ng xy ra t pht mi nhit .
d) Phn ng khng xy ra t pht mi nhit .
25
7.25 Chn cu chnh xc. Cho phn ng tng qut aA + bB cC + dD c o298 < 0.
a) Phn ng lun xy ra bt k nhit no.
b) nhit cao, chiu ca phn ng cn ph thuc vo S.
c) Phn ng khng th xy ra nhit thng.
d) Phn ng ch xy ra nhit cao.
7.26 Chn trng hp ng: Bit rng 0oC qu trnh nng chy ca nc p sut kh
quyn c G = 0. Vy 383K qu trnh nng chy ca nc p sut ny c du ca G l:
a) G > 0
b) G = 0
d) Khng xc nh c v cn cc yu t khc.
c) G < 0
Bit rng -51oC qu trnh nng chy ca H2Te p sut kh quyn c G = 0. Vy 200K
qu trnh nng chy ca hydro telurua p sut ny c du ca G l:
a) G > 0
b) G =0
d) Khng xc nh c v cn cc yu t khc
c) G < 0
7.28 Tnh bin i S khi 1 mol hi nc ngng t thnh nc lng 1000C ,1 atm. Bit nhit bay
hi ca nc nhit trn l 549 cal/g.
a) S = -26,5 cal/mol.K
b) S = 26,5 cal/mol.K
c) S = 1,44 cal/mol.K
d) S = -1,44 cal/mol.K
7.29 Chn cu ph hp nht. Cho phn ng 2Mg (r) + CO2 (k) = 2MgO (r) + Cgraphit . Phn ng ny
c hiu ng nhit tiu chun Ho298 = -822,7 kJ. V phng din nhit ng ha hc, phn ng ny c
th: (cho bit So298 (J/mol.K) ca Mg(r), CO2(k), MgO(r) v Cgraphit ln lt bng 33, 214, 27 v 6)
a) Xy ra t pht nhit cao.
b) Xy ra t pht mi nhit .
c) Yu t to nh hng khng ng k
d) Khng t pht xy ra nhit cao.
7.30 Chn p n y :
Mt phn ng c th t xy ra khi:
1) H < 0 rt m , S < 0 , to thng.
2) H < 0 , S > 0.
3) H > 0 rt ln , S > 0 , to thng.
4) H > 0 , S > 0 , to cao.
a) 1 v 2 ng
b) 1, 2, 3, 4 ng
c) 1, 2 v 4 ng
d) 2 v 4 ng
7.31 a s cc phn ng xy ra nhit cao c:
a) bin thin entropi m.
b) bin thin entropi dng.
c) bin thin entanpi m.
d) bin thin entanpi dng.
7.32 Chn nhng cu ng: V phng din nhit ng ha hc:
1) a s phn ng c th xy ra t pht hn tn khi Gop < -40 kJ.
2) Phn ng khng xy ra t pht trong thc t khi Gop > 40 kJ.
3) Phn ng khng xy ra t pht trong thc t khi Gop > 0.
4) a s cc phn ng c th ng p tiu chun nm trong khong -40 kJ < Gop < 40 kJ xy ra t
pht thun nghch trong thc t.
a) 1,2,4
b) 3,4
c) 1,3,4
d) Tt c cc cu trn u ng
7.33 Chn cu sai.
a) Phn ng c Go < 0 c th xy ra t pht.
b) Phn ng c Go > 0 khng th xy ra t pht.
c) Phn ng ta nhit nhiu thng c kh nng xy ra nhit thng.
d) Phn ng c cc bin thin entanpi v entropi u dng c kh nng xy ra nhit cao.
a) Mt phn ng ta nhit mnh c th xy ra t pht nhit thng.
b) Mt phn ng thu nhit mnh ch c th xy ra t pht nhit cao.
26
c) Mt phn ng hu nh khng thu hay pht nhit nhng lm tng entropi c th xy ra t pht
nhit thng.
d) Mt phn ng thu nhit mnh nhng lm tng entropi c th xy ra t pht nhit thng.
7.35 d n phn ng c th xy ra t pht hn tn nhit thng, ta c th da trn du ca
cc i lng sau:
1) Go < 0
2) Go < -40 kJ
3) Ho < 0 vi o ln
a) 2
b) 1,2 v 3
c) 2,3
d) 1,3
7.36 Chn trng hp sai:
Tiu chun c th cho bit phn ng xy ra t pht c v mt nhit ng l:
b) Cng chng p sut ngi A > 0
a) Ho < 0, So > 0
0
d) Hng s cn bng K ln hn 1.
c) G < 0
7.37 Phn ng CaCO3 (r) CaO (r) + CO2 (k) l phn ng thu nhit mnh. Xt du o, So, Go
ca phn ng ny 25oC :
a) Ho < 0; So < 0 ; Go < 0
b) Ho < 0; So > 0 ; Go > 0
c) Ho > 0; So > 0 ; Go < 0
d) Ho > 0; So > 0 ; Go > 0
7.38 Chn trng hp ng.
Cn c trn du Go298 ca 2 phn ng sau :
PbO2 (r) + Pb (r) = 2PbO (r)
Go298 < 0
SnO2 (r) + Sn (r) = 2SnO (r)
Go298 > 0
Trng thi oxy ha dng bn hn i vi cc kim loi ch v thic l:
a) Ch (+2), thic (+2)
b) Ch (+4), thic (+2)
c) Ch (+2), thic (+4)
d) Ch (+4), thic (+4)
7.39 Phn ng H2O2 (l) H2O (l) + O2 (k) ta nhit, vy phn ng ny c:
a) H < 0; S > 0 ; G > 0 khng th xy ra t pht nhit thng.
b) H < 0; S > 0 ; G < 0 c th xy ra t pht nhit thng.
c) H > 0; S < 0 ; G < 0 c th xy ra t pht nhit thng.
d) H > 0; S > 0 ; G > 0 khng th xy ra t pht nhit thng.
7.40 Chn p n y : Chn pht biu sai:
1) C th kt lun ngay l phn ng khng xy ra t pht khi Go ca phn ng ny ln hn 0.
2) C th kt lun ngay l phn ng khng t xy ra khi G ca phn ng ny ln hn 0 ti iu kin
ang xt.
3) Mt h t xy ra lun lm tng entropi.
4) Ch cc phn ng c Gop < 0 mi xy ra t pht trong thc t.
a) 1, 3 v 4
b) 1 v 3
c) 1 v 4
d) 3
CHNG 8 : CN BNG HA HC V MC DIN RA CA CC QU TRNH HA
HC
8.1 Cc khi nim c bn. nh lut tc dng khi lng trong cn bng. Hng s cn bng.
8.1 Chn pht biu ng:
i vi phn ng mt chiu, tc phn ng s:
a) Khng i theo thi gian.
b) Gim dn theo thi gian cho n khi bng mt hng s khc khng.
c) Tng dn theo thi gian.
d) Gim dn theo thi gian cho n khi bng khng.
8.2 Phn ng thun nghch l:
a) Phn ng c th xy ra theo chiu thun hay theo chiu nghch ty iu kin phn
ng.
b) Phn ng xy ra ng thi theo hai chiu ngc nhau trong cng mt iu kin.
c) Phn ng t xy ra cho n khi ht cc cht phn ng.
27
d) Cu a v b u ng.
8.3 Chn pht biu ng v h cn bng:
a) H cn bng l h trong c t l thnh phn cc cht khng thay i khi ta thay i cc iu
kin khc.
b) H cn bng l h c nhit v p sut xc nh.
c) H ang trng thi cn bng l h c cc gi tr thng s trng thi (to, P, C) khng thay
i theo thi gian.
d) Khng c pht biu no ng.
8.4 Kt lun no di y l ng khi mt phn ng thun nghch c Go< 0:
a) Hng s cn bng ca phn ng ln hn 0.
b) Hng s cn bng ca phn ng ln hn 1.
c) Hng s cn bng ca phn ng nh hn 1.
d) Hng s cn bng ca phn ng nh hn 0.
8.5 Cho phn ng aA (l) + bB (k)
cC (k) + dD(l),
biu ng:
a) G = Go + RTlnKc , khi G = 0 th Go = -RTlnKc
b) Hng s cn bng Kc tnh bng biu thc:
c hng s cn bng Kc. Chn pht
CCc CDd
C Aa CBb
Vi CA, CB , CC v CD l nng cc cht ti lc ang xt.
c) Phn ng lun c KP = KC(RT)nvi n =nsp-nc ca tt c cc cht khng ph thuc vo
trng thi tn ti ca chng.
d) C ba pht biu u sai.
8.6 Gi s h ang cn bng, phn ng no sau y c coi l xy ra hn tn:
a) FeO (r) + CO (k) = Fe (r) + CO2 (k)
KCb = 0,403
b) 2C (r) + O2 (k) = 2CO (k)
KCb = 1.1016
c) 2 Cl2 (k) + 2 H2O (k) = 4 HCl (k) + O2 (k)
KCb = 1,88. 10-15
d) CH3CH2CH2CH3 (k) = CH3CH(CH3)2 (k)
KCb = 2,5
8.7 Cho mt phn ng thun nghch trong dung dch lng A + B
C + D. Hng s cn bng Kc
iu kin cho trc bng 200. Mt hn hp c nng CA = CB = 10-3M, CC = CD = 0,01M. Trng
thi ca h iu kin ny nh sau:
a) H ang dch chuyn theo chiu thun.
b) H ang dch chuyn theo chiu nghch.
c) H nm trng thi cn bng.
d) Khng th d n c trng thi ca phn ng
8.8 Phn ng CaCO3 (r)
CaO (r) + CO2 (k) c hng s cn bng Kp = PCO2. p sut hi ca
CaCO3, CaO khng c mt trong biu thc Kp v:
a) C th xem p sut hi ca CaCO3 v CaO bng 1 atm.
b) Ap sut hi ca cht rn khng ng k
c) Ap sut hi cht rn khng ph thuc vo nhit .
d) p sut hi ca CaCO3 v CaO l hng s nhit xc nh.
8.9 Cho phn ng CO2 (k) + H2 (k)
CO (k) + H2O (k). Khi phn ng ny t n trng
thi cn bng, lng cc cht l 0,4 mol CO2, 0,4 mol H2, 0,8 mol CO v 0,8 mol H2O trong bnh kn
c dung tch l 1 lt. Kc ca phn ng trn c gi tr:
a) 8
b) 6
c) 4
d) 2
8.10 Chn pht biu ng : cho phn ng A (dd) + B (dd)
C(dd) + D (dd)
KC
28
Nng ban u ca mi cht A, B, C, D l 1,5 mol/l. Sau khi cn bng c thit lp, nng ca C l
2 mol/l. Hng s cn bng Kc ca h ny l:
a) Kc = 1,5
b) Kc = 2,0
c) Kc = 0,25
d) Kc = 4

Phn ng H2 (k) + O2 (k)
H2O (k) c Go298 = -54,64 kcal.
Tnh Kp iu kin tiu chun. Cho R = 1,987 cal/mol.K

a) Kp = 40,1
b) Kp = 1040,1
c) Kp = 10-40,1
d) Kp = -40,1
8.12 mt nhit xc nh, phn ng: S (r) + O2 (k) = SO2 (k) c hng s cn bng
4,2.1052. Tnh hng s cn bng KC ca phn ng
SO2 (k) = S (r) + O2 (k) cng nhit .
-53
53
b) 2,38.10
c) 4,2.10-52
d) 4,2.10-54
a) 2,38.10
8.2 Anh hng ca cc yu t n cn bng ha hc
KC =
8.13 Chn pht biu ng trong nhng pht biu sau y:

1) Vic thay i p sut ngi khng lm thay i trng thi cn bng ca phn ng c tng s mol
cht kh ca cc sn phm bng tng s mol cht kh ca cc cht u.
2) Khi tng nhit , cn bng ca mt phn ng bt k s dch chuyn theo chiu thu nhit.
3) Khi gim p sut, cn bng ca mt phn ng bt k s dch chuyn theo chiu tng s phn t
kh.
4) H t trng thi cn bng th lng cc cht thm vo khng lm nh hng n trng thi
cn bng.
a) 1, 2 v 3
b) 1
c) 2 v 3
1, 3 v 4
8.14 Chn y ng:
1) Mt h ang trng thi cn bng, nu ta thay i mt yu t (p sut, nhit , nng ) th cn
bng s chuyn dch theo chiu chng li s thay i .
2) Khi tng nhit , cn bng s chuyn dch theo chiu phn ng ta nhit; khi gim nhit , cn
bng s chuyn dch theo chiu phn ng thu nhit.
3) Hng s cn bng ca mt phn ng l mt i lng khng i nhit xc nh.
4) Khi thm mt cht ( tc cht hay sn phm) vo h cn bng, cn bng s dch chuyn theo chiu lm
gim lng cht .
a) 1 v 3
b) 1 , 3 v 4
c) 1 v 4
d) 1 v 2
Phn ng A (k)
B (k) + C (k) 300oC c Kp = 11,5, 500oC c Kp = 33
Vy phn ng trn l mt qu trnh:
a) on nhit.
b) thu nhit.
c) ng nhit.
d) ta nhit.
8.16 Mt phn ng t xy ra c G0 < 0. Gi thit rng bin thin entanpi v bin thin entropi khng
ph thuc nhit , khi tng nhit th hng s cn bng Kp s:
a) tng
b) gim
c) khng i
d) cha th kt lun c
8.17 Cn bng trong phn ng H2 (k) + Cl2 (k)
2HCl (k) s dch chuyn theo chiu no nu
tng p sut ca h phn ng?
a) Thun
b) Nghch
c) Khng dch chuyn.
d) Khng th d n.
8.18 Cho cn bng CO2 (k) + H2 (k)
CO (k) + H2O (k)
Tnh hng s cn bng Kc bit rng khi n cn bng ta c 0,4 mol CO2; 0,4 mol H2; 0,8 mol CO
v 0,8 mol H2O trong mt bnh c dung tch l 1 lt. Nu nn h cho th tch ca h gim xung, cn
bng s chuyn dch nh th no?
a) Kc = 8 ; theo chiu thun
b) Kc = 8 ; theo chiu nghch
c) Kc = 4 ; theo chiu thun
d) Kc = 4 ; khng i
8.19 Xt phn ng:
CH3COOH + C2H5OH
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
29
Kc = 4
Suy ra hng s cn bng ca phn ng thy phn CH3COOC2H5 l:

a) KC = 1/4
b) KC = 1/2
c) KC = KC
8.20 Chn gii php hp l nht:
Cho phn ng :
N2 (k) + O2 (k)
2NO (k)
H 0.
d) KC = -KC
thu c nhiu NO ta c th dng cc bin php :

a) Tng p sut v gim nhit
b) Tng nhit .
c) Tng p sut v tng nhit .
d) Gim p sut.
8.21 Cho phn ng:
2SO2(k) + O2(k)
2SO3(k) c < 0
c nhiu SO3 hn , ta nn chn bin php no trong 3 bin php sau:
1. Gim nhit .
2. Tng p sut.
3. Thm O2.
a) Ch c bin php 1
b) Ch c 1 v 2
c) C 3 bin php.
d) Ch c 1 v 3
8.22 Chn ng:
Tc ng no s lm tng hiu sut phn ng :
CaCO3(r)
CaO (r) + CO2 (k) , > O
a) Gim nhit
b) Tng p sut
c) Tng nhit
d) Tng nng CO2
8.23 Phn ng N2(k) + O2(k) = 2NO(k) , > 0 ang nm trng thi cn bng. Hiu sut phn
ng s tng ln khi p dng cc bin php sau:
1) Dng xc tc .
2) Nn h.
3) Tng nhit .
4) Gim p sut h phn ng.
a) 1 & 2
b) 1 & 3
c) 1, 3 & 4
d) 3
8.24 Chn cu ng:
Xt h cn bng CO (k) + Cl2 (k)
COCl2 (k) , < O
S thay i no di y dn n cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun:
a) Tng nhit
b) Gim th tch phn ng bng cch nn h
c) Gim p sut
d) Tng nng COCl2
8.25 Phn ng thy phn ca ester : ester + nc
axit + ru
tng hiu sut phn ng (cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun) ta c th dng cc bin
php no trong 3 bin php sau:
1. dng nhiu nc hn.
2. bng cch tin hnh thy phn trong mi trng baz
3. Loi ru
a) Ch dng c bin php 1
b) Ch dng c bin php 2
c) Ch dng c bin php 3
d) Dng c c ba bin php
8.26 Cho cc phn ng:

(1) N2 (k) + O2 (k)
2NO (k)
o > 0
(2) N2 (k) + 3H2 (k)
2NH3 (k)
o < 0
(3) MgCO3 (r)
MgO (r) + CO2 (k)
o > 0
Vi phn ng no ta nn dng nhit cao v p sut thp cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun.
a) Phn ng (1)
b) Phn ng (2)
c) Phn ng (3)
d) Phn ng (1) v (2)
O
8.27 Cc phn ng di y ang trng thi cn bng 25 C.
30
N2 (k) + O2 (k)
2 NO (k)
(1)
H0 0.
0
N2 (k) + 3H2 (k)
2 NH3 (k)
(2)
H 0.
0
MgCO3 (r)
CO2 (k) + MgO (r)
(3)
H 0.
0
I2 (k) + H2(k)
2HI (k)
(4)
H 0
Cn bng ca phn ng no dch chuyn mnh nht theo chiu thun khi ng thi h nhit v
tng p sut chung ca:
a) Phn ng 2
b) Phn ng 1
c) Phn ng 3
d) Phn ng 4
Xt cn bng:
2NO2(k)
N2O4(k)
o298= -14kcal
(nu)
(khng mu)
Trong bn trng hp di, mu nu ca NO2 s m nht khi:
a) un nng n 373K.
b) Lm lnh n 273K
c) Tng p sut.
d) Gi 298K.
8.29 Chn bin php ng.
Phn ng ta nhit di y t trng thi cn bng:
2 A(k) + B(k)
4D (k)
dch chuyn cn bng ca phn ng theo chiu hng to thm sn phm, mt s bin php sau
y c s dng:
1) Tng nhit
2) Thm cht D
3) Gim th tch bnh phn ng
4) Gim nhit
5) Thm cht A
6) Tng th tch bnh phn ng
a) 1, 3, 5
b) 4,5,6
c) 2,3
d) Gim th tch bnh
CHNG 10: TC V C CH PHN NG HA HC
10.1 Cc khi nim c bn. nh lut tc dng khi lng trong ng ha hc. L thuyt c ch
phn ng ha hc.
10.1 Chn p n ng.
Cho phn ng : 2A (k) + B(k) C (k)
Biu thc tc phn ng phi l:
a) v = k.CA2.CB
b) v = k. Cc
c) v = k.CAm.CBn , vi m v n l nhng gi tr tm c t thc nghim.
d) v = k.CAm.CBn , vi m v n l nhng gi tr tm c t phng trnh phn ng
10.2 Phn ng phn hy oxit dinit c s tng qut:
2N2O (k) 2N2 (k) + O2 (k)
v = k[N2O]
Ngi ta cho rng phn ng tri qua hai bc s cp:
Bc 1: N2O N2 + O
Bc 2: N2O + O N2 + O2
Vy, pht biu no di y ph hp vi cc d liu trn:
a) Phn ng phn hy dinit oxit c bc ng hc bng 2.
b) Bc 1 c phn t s l n phn t.
c) Oxi nguyn t l xc tc ca phn ng.
d) Bc 2 l bc quyt nh tc phn ng.
10.3 Chn sai: Cho phn ng aA + bB = cC + dD c v = kCAmCBn.
Bc ca phn ng:
1. bng (n + m)
2. t khi ln hn 3
3. Bng (c+d) (a+b)
4. C th l phn s
5. Bng a + b
a) 2 v 3
b) 3 v 4
c) 3 v 5
d) 2 , 3 v 5
10.4 Chn pht biu ng :
Phn ng 2A + B 2C c biu thc tc phn ng l v = k.CA2.CB , nn :
a) Phn ng bc 3.
b) Phn ng trn l phn ng phc tp.
c) Bc ca phn ng c tnh trc tip bng h s t d) Cu a v c u ng.
lng ca cc cht tham gia phn ng v bng 3.
31
10.5 Phn ng 2A + 2B + C D + E c cc c im sau :

* [A], [B] khng i, [C] tng gp i, vn tc v khng i.
* [A] , [C] khng i, [B] tng gp i, vn tc v tng gp i.
* [A], [B] u tng gp i, vn tc V tng gp 8 ln.
C ba th nghim u cng mt nhit
Biu thc ca vn tc V theo cc nng A, B, C l:
a) v = k[A][B][C]
b) v = k[A][B]2
c) v = k[A]2[B][C]
d) v = k[A]2[B]
10.6 Cho phn ng: CH3Br (dd) + OH- (dd) CH3OH (dd) + Br (dd). Bit rng:
Tc phn ng tng ln 2 ln khi tng [OH-] ln 2 ln ([CH3Br] khng i).
Tc phn ng tng ln 3 ln khi [CH3Br] tng ln 3 ln ([OH -] khng i).
Vit biu thc tc phn ng.
a) v = k [CH3Br]
b) v = k [CH3Br] [OH -]
c) v = k [OH -]
d) v = k [CH3Br]2 [OH -]
10.7 Mt phn ng A + 2B = C bc 1 i vi [A] v bc 1 i vi [B], c thc hin nhit

khng i.
a) Nu [A], [B] v [C] u gp i, vn tc phn ng tng gp 8 ln v phn ng l phn ng n gin.
b) Nu [A] v [B] u tng gp i, vn tc phn ng tng ln gp 4 ln v phn ng ny l phn ng
n gin.
c) Nu [A] tng gp i, [B] tng gp ba, vn tc phn ng tng ln gp 6 ln v phn ng ny l phn
ng phc tp.
d) Nu [A] v [B] u tng gp ba, vn tc phn ng tng ln gp 6 ln v phn ng ny l phn ng
n gin.
10.8 Cho phn ng 2NO (k) + O2 (k) = 2NO2 (k)
Biu thc thc nghim ca tc phn ng l v = d[NO2]/dt = k [NO]2[O2].
C th kt lun rng:
1) Phn ng c bc mt i vi O2 v bc 2 i vi NO.
2) Bc ca phn ng c tnh trc tip t cc h s t lng ca cc tc cht.
3) Phn ng c bc chung bng 3.
4) Vn tc phn ng trong biu thc trn l vn tc phn ng trung bnh.
Cc kt lun ng l:
a) 1 ,2 v 3
b) 1, 3 v 4
c) 1 v 3
d) 1, 2, 3 v 4
10.9 Chn cu sai. Hng s tc phn ng :
a) khng ph thuc cht xc tc.
b) khng ph thuc nng cht phn ng.
c) ph thuc nhit .
d) ph thuc nng lng hot ha ca phn ng
10.10 Chn cu Sai:
Hng s tc ca phn ng nA + mB = AnBm
a) ph thuc vo nng CA v CB.
b) c gi tr khng i trong sut qu trnh phn ng ng nhit.
c) l tc ring ca phn ng khi CA = CB = 1 mol.
d) bin i khi c mt cht xc tc.
10.11 i vi phn ng thun nghch :
a) Phn ng pht nhit c E*t < E*n
b) Phn ng pht nhit c E*t E*n
c) Phn ng thu nhit c E*t < E*n
d) Phn ng thu nhit c E*t E*n
10.2 Cc yu t nh hng n tc phn ng
10.12 Tc phn ng ng th kh tng khi tng nng l do:
a) Tng s va chm ca cc tiu phn hot ng.
b) Tng entropi ca phn ng.
d) Gim nng lng hot ha ca phn ng.
c) Tng hng s tc ca phn ng.
Nguyn nhn chnh lm cho tc phn ng tng ln khi tng nhit l :
32
a) Tn sut va chm gia cc tiu phn tng.

b) Lm gim nng lng hot ha ca phn ng.
c) Lm tng entropi ca h.
d) Lm tng s va chm ca cc tiu phn c nng lng ln hn nng lng hot ha.
10.14 S tng nhit c tc ng n mt phn ng thun nghch :
a) Ch lm tng vn tc chiu thu nhit.
b) Ch lm tng vn tc chiu ta nhit.
c) Lm tng vn tc c chiu thu v ta nhit, lm cho h mau t n trng thi cn bng mi.
d) Tng ng u vn tc c chiu thu v ta nhit nn cn bng khng thay i.
10.15 Khi tng nhit to, vn tc phn ng tng v s tng nhit :
a) lm cho G < 0.
b) lm gim nng lng hot ha.
c) ch yu l lm tng s ln va chm gia cc phn t.

d) lm tng nng lng ca cc tiu phn trong h.
10.16 Cht xc tc c nh hng nh th no n trng thi cn bng ca phn ng ta nhit?
a) Lm cho phn ng nhanh t ti cn bng
b) Lm tng nng lng ca cc tiu phn.
c) Lm cho phn ng nhanh xy ra hn tn.
d) Lm cho hiu sut ca phn ng theo chiu thun tng ln..
10.17 Cht xc tc c nh hng nh th no n cn bng ha hc:
a) Khng nh hng n cn bng.
b) Lm cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu phn ng nghch.
c) Lm cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu phn ng thun.
d) Lm tng hng s cn bng ca phn ng.
10.18 Ho ca phn ng c ph thuc vo cht xc tc khng?
a) C, v cht xc tc tham gia vo qu trnh phn ng.
b) Khng, v cht xc tc ch tham gia vo giai on trung gian ca phn ng v c phc hi sau
phn ng. Sn phm v tc cht vn ging nh khi khng c cht xc tc.
c) C, v cht xc tc lm gim nhit cn c phn ng xy ra.
d) C, v cht xc tc lm gim nng lng hot ha ca phn ng.
10.19 Chn cc c tnh ng ca cht xc tc.
Cht xc tc lm cho tc phn ng tng ln nh cc c tnh sau:
1) Lm cho G ca phn ng m hn.
2) Lm tng vn tc phn ng nh lm gim nng lng hot ha ca phn ng.
3) Lm tng vn tc ca phn ng nh lm tng vn tc chuyn ng ca cc tiu phn.
4) Lm cho G ca phn ng i du t dng sang m.
a) 1 , 2 v 3
b) 1 v 2
c) 2 v 4
d) 2
10.20 Chn cu Sai. Cht xc tc:
a) Khng lm thay i cc c trng nhit ng ca phn ng.
b) Ch c tc dng xc tc vi mt phn ng nht nh.
c) Lm gim nng lng hot ha ca phn ng.
d) Lm thay i hng s cn bng ca phn ng.
10.21 Chn sai:
Tc phn ng cng ln khi:
a) nng lng hot ha ca phn ng cng ln.
b) entropi hot ha cng ln.
c) s va chm c hiu qu gia cc tiu phn cng ln.
d) nhit cng cao.
33
10.22 Chn cu ng
Tc ca phn ng d th :
a) tng ln khi tng b mt tip xc pha
b) ca bt k phn ng no cng tng ln khi khuy trn
c) ch c quyt nh bi tng tc ha hc ca bn thn cht phn ng.
c) ph thuc vo b mt tip xc pha m khng ph thuc vo nng cht phn ng.
10.23 Chn cu ng. Tc ca phn ng ha tan kim loi rn trong dung dch axit s :
1) Gim xung khi gim nhit phn ng
2) Tng ln khi tng kch thc cc ht kim loi.
3) Gim xung khi gim p sut phn ng.
4)tng ln khi tng nng axt.
a) 1 , 2 v 4
b) 1, 3 v 4
c) 1, 2 v 3
d) 1 v 4
10.24 Chn p n ng v y nht:
C mt s phn ng tuy c G < 0 song trong thc t phn ng vn khng xy ra. Vy c th p
dng nhng bin php no trong cc cch sau phn ng xy ra:
1. Dng xc tc
2. Tng nhit
3. Tng nng tc cht
4. Nghin nh cc tc cht rn
a) 1 v 2
b) 1 v 3
c) 1 , 2 v 4
d) 1, 2, 3 v 4
10.25 Chn cu tr li y nht .
tng tc ca phn ng d pha c s tham gia ca cht rn ta c th dng nhng bin

php no trong cc bin php sau y :
1/ Tng nhit .
2/ Dng xc tc.
3/ Tng nng cc cht phn ng.
4/ Gim nng sn phm phn ng
5/ Nghin nh cc cht phn ng rn.
trn b mt cht phn ng rn.
a) Tt c cc bin php trn.
b) Cc bin php 1, 2, 3, 5.
c) Cc bin php 1 , 2 , 3.
d) Cc bin php 1, 2 3, 4.
10.26 Phn ng CO (k) + Cl2 (k) COCl2 (k) l phn ng n gin. Nu nng CO tng t 0,1M
ln 0,4M; nng Cl2 tng t 0,3M ln 0,9M th tc phn ng thay i nh th no?
a) Tng 3 ln
b) Tng 4 ln
c) tng 7 ln
d) Tng 12 ln
o
Mt phn ng kt thc sau 3 gi 20 C. nhit no phn ng s kt thc sau 20 pht, bit h s
nhit ca phn ng l 3.
a) 30oC
b) 40oC
c) 50oC
d) 60oC
10.28 100oC, mt phn ng kt thc sau 3 gi. H s nhit ca phn ng l 3. Khi tng nhit
phn ng ln 120oC th thi gian phn ng s l:
a) 20 pht.
b) 60 pht.
c) 9 gi.
d) p s khc.
10.29 Phn ng thun nghch A2 (k) + B2 (k)
2AB (k)
C h s nhit ca phn ng thun v phn ng nghch ln lt l 2 v 3. Hi khi tng nhit
cn bng dch chuyn theo chiu no v t suy ra du ca Ho ca phn ng thun.
a) Nghch, H0 < 0
b) Nghch, H0 > 0
c) Thun, H0 < 0
d) Thun, H0 > 0
34
P N PHN 2: L THUYT DIN RA CC QU TRNH HA HC

Cu
p n
Cu
p n
Cu
p n
Cu
p n
Cu
p n
Cu
p n
Cu
p n
Cu
p n
Cu
p n
Cu
p n
Cu
p n
Cu
p n
cu
p n
Cu
p n
6.1
b
6.11
b
6.21
c
6.31
b
7.1
b
7.11
d
7.21
b
7.31
b
8.1
d
8.11
b
8.21
c
10.1
c
10.11
a
10.21
a
6.2
b
6.12
d
6.22
b
6.32
d
7.2
c
7.12
a
7.22
c
7.32
a
8.2
b
8.12
b
8.22
c
10.2
b
10.12
a
10.22
a
6.3
d
6.13
c
6.23
d
6.33
b
7.3
b
7.13
b
7.23
d
7.33
b
8.3
c
8.13
a
8.23
d
10.3
c
10.13
d
10.23
d
6.4
a
6.14
d
6.24
d
6.34
c
7.4
a
7.14
a
7.24
d
7.34
d
8.4
b
8.14
b
8.24
b
10.4
a
10.14
c
10.24
a
6.5
b
6.15
c
6.25
c
6.35
c
7.5
c
7.15
a
7.25
b
7.35
c
8.5
d
8.15
b
8.25
d
10.5
d
10.15
d
10.25
a
6.6
b
6.16
d
6.26
b
6.7
b
6.17
a
6.27
a
6.8
c
6.18
a
6.28
b
6.9
d
6.19
a
6.29
a
6.10
c
6.20
c
6.30
a
7.6
a
7.16
c
7.26
c
7.36
b
8.6
b
8.16
d
8.26
c
10.6
b
10.16
a
10.26
d
7.7
b
7.17
c
7.27
a
7.37
d
8.7
a
8.17
c
8.27
a
10.7
c
10.17
a
10.27
b
7.8
c
7.18
a
7.28
a
7.38
c
8.8
d
8.18
d
8.28
a
10.8
c
10.18
b
10.28
a
7.9
c
7.19
b
7.29
b
7.39
b
8.9
c
8.19
a
8.29
b
10.9
a
10.19
d
10.29
a
7.10
c
7.20
d
7.30
c
7.40
a
8.10
d
8.20
b
PHN 3 : L THUYT V DUNG DCH. PHN NG TRAO I ION

V PHN NG OXY HA KH TRONG DUNG DCH
CHNG 11: DUNG DCH LNG
nh ngha dung dch, nng , tan , ng lng
11.1 ng lng ca KMnO4 (Phn t lng M) bng:
a) M/1
b) M/3
c) M/5
d) Ty thuc vo phn ng
11.2. Cho phn ng: Al2(SO4)3 + 2NaOH = Na2SO4 + 2[Al(OH)2]2SO4
35
10.10
a
10.20
d
ng lng gam ca Al2(SO4)3 v NaOH ln lt bng: (Cho bit phn t gam ca Al2(SO4)3 bng
342g v ca NaOH bng 40g)
a) 342g ; 40g
b) 171g ; 40g
c) 57g ; 20g
d) 114g; 40g
11.3 Cho phn ng: 2MnO2 + O2 + 4KOH = 2K2MnO4 + 2H2O
ng lng gam ca MnO2 v O2 ln lt bng: (cho bit phn t gam ca MnO2 bng 87g v ca O2
bng 32g)
a) 43,5g; 16g
b) 87g ; 16g
c) 43,5g ; 8g
d) 21,75g ; 8g
11.4 Cho phn ng:
2KAl(SO4)2.24H2O + 4NaOH = 2Na2SO4 + [Al(OH)2]2SO4 + K2SO4 + 48H2O
ng lng gam ca KAl(SO4)2.24H2O v NaOH ln lt bng: (Cho bit phn t gam ca
KAl(SO4)2.24H2O bng 690g v ca NaOH bng 40g)
a) 690g ; 40g
b) 345g ; 40g
c) 172,5g ; 20g
d) 230g; 40g
11.5 Cho phn ng: MnO2 + 4HClc, nng = MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
ng lng gam ca MnO2 v HCl ln lt bng: (cho bit phn t gam ca MnO2 bng 87g v ca
HCl bng 36,5g)
a) 43,5g; 36,5g
b) 21,75g ; 18,25g
c) 87g ; 35,5g
d) 21,75g ; 35,5g
11.6 Chn cu ng. tan ca cc cht trong nc l:
a) S ml kh t tan tan ti a trong 100g nc iu kin cho.
b) S gam cht tan tan ti a trong 100ml nc iu kin cho.
c) S mol cht in ly rn t tan tan ti a trong 1 lt nc iu kin cho.
d) C a, b, c u ng.
11.7 Chn pht biu ng trong cc pht biu sau:
a) tan ca a s cht t tan gim khi nhit ca dung dch tng.
b) tan ca cht t tan ch ph thuc vo bn cht cht t tan v nhit .
c) tan cht t tan s tng khi cho vo dung dch ion cng loi vi 1 trong cc ion ca cht
t tan .
d) Khng c pht biu no ng.
11.8 Chn cc pht biu sai:
1) Dung dch lng l dung dch cha bo ha v nng cht tan nh.
2) Dung dch l mt h ng th.
3) Thnh phn ca mt hp cht l xc nh cn thnh phn ca dung dch c th thay i.
4) Dung dch bo ha l dung dch m c.
a) 1, 3
b) 2, 4
c) 2, 3
d) 1, 4
11.9 Dung dch A c nng phn trm C%, nng mol CM, khi lng ring d (g/ml), phn t lng
ca A l M, s l tan tnh theo g/100g H2O. Biu thc sai l:
a) s = 100. C%/(100- C%
b) CM = 10 C%.d/M
c) C% = CM . M/(10.d)
d) C% = 100.s / (100-s)
1) Nng phn phn t gam l s phn khi lng (tnh theo n v gam) ca cht tan hoc ca dung
mi trong dung dch.
2) Nng ng lng gam c biu din bng s mol cht tan trong 1 lt dung dch.
3) i vi mt dung dch, nng ng lng gam ca mt cht c th nh hn nng phn t
gam ca n.
4) Nng molan cho bit s mol cht tan trong mt lt dung dch.
5) Cn bit khi lng ring ca dung dch khi chuyn nng phn trm C% thnh nng phn t
gam hoc nng ng lng gam.
6) Khi lng ring ca mt cht l khi lng (tnh bng gam) ca 1 cm3 cht .
a) 1, 2, 5, 6
b) 1 , 5, 6
c) 5 , 6
d) 3, 5, 6
36

pha ch 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 10-4N th s ml dung dch H2SO4 2.10-2N phi ly l:
a) 0,5 ml
b) 1 ml
c) 2 ml
d) 0,25 ml
11.12 Tnh th tch dung dch (lt) HCl 4M cn thit c th pha thnh 1lit dung dch HCl 0,5M.
a) 0,125 l
b) 0,0125 l
c) 0,875 l
d) 12,5 l
Cc nh lut v dung dch lng
11.13 Chn pht biu ng.
a) Mt cht lng si mt nhit ti p sut hi bo ha ca cht lng bng p sut mi
trng.
b) Khi ha tan mt cht A trong cht lng B, p sut hi bo ha ca B tng.
c) Nc lun lun si 100oC.
d) Nc mui si nhit thp hn nc nguyn cht.
a) cng nhit T, p sut hi bo ha ca dung mi trong dung dch nghch bin vi nng cht
tan.
b) gim tng i p sut hi bo ha ca dung mi trong dung dch bng nng phn mol ca
cht tan.
c) Nhit kt tinh ca dung mi trong dung dch nghch bin vi nng mol ca dung dch.
d) Ap sut hi bo ha ca dung dch lng phn t t l thun vi nng phn mol ca cht tan.
a)Nhit si ca cht lng l nhit p sut hi bo ha ca n bng vi p sut
mi trng.
b)Nhit si ca dung dch cha cht tan khng bay hi lun lun cao hn nhit si
ca dung mi nguyn cht cng iu kin p sut ngi.
c)Nhit ng c ca dung mi nguyn cht lun thp hn nhit ng c ca dung
mi trong dung dch.
d)p sut hi bo ha ca dung mi trong dung dch lun nh hn p sut hi bo ha ca
dung mi tinh khit.
11.16 chn cu ng.
a) gim tng i p sut hi bo ha ca dung mi trong dung dch bng phn mol ca
dung mi trong dung dch.
b) p sut hi bo ha ca dung mi trong dung dch lun nh hn p sut hi bo ha ca
dung mi tinh khit cng gi tr nhit .
c) p sut hi bo ha ca dung mi trong dung dch t l thun vi phn mol ca cht tan
trong dung dch.
d) p sut hi bo ha ca dung dch lng phn t khng ph thuc vo bn cht ca cht
tan.
11.17 Chn cu tr li chnh xc. Nhit si ca cht lng l nhit m ti :
a) p sut hi bo ha ca cht lng bng p sut bn ngi.
b) p sut hi bo ha ca cht lng bng 760mmHg.
c) Ap sut hi bo ha ca cht lng >760mmHg.
d) Ap sut hi bo ha ca cht lng < 760mmHg.
11.18 Vi i lng k trong cng thc nh lut Raoult 2: T = kCm , pht biu no sau y l chnh
xc:
a) k l hng s ph thuc vo nng cht tan, nhit v bn cht dung mi.
b) k l hng s ph thuc vo nhit v bn cht dung mi.
c) k l hng s ch ph thuc vo bn cht dung mi.
d) k l hng s ph thuc vo bn cht cht tan v dung mi.
37
11.19 Chn cu ng. p sut khng i, nng dung dch lng (c cht tan khng bay hi v
khng to dung dch rn vi dung mi) cng tng th :
a) Nhit si tng.
b) Nhit si gim.
c) Nhit ng c gim.
d) Cc cu a v c u ng.
11.20 Ha tan 5 gam mi cht C6H12O6, C12H22O11 v C3H5(OH)3 trong 500 gam nc. Trong cc dy
sau, dy no xp cc cht trn theo nhit si ca dung dch tng dn: (cho bit nguyn t gam ca C
=12, O = 16 v H = 1)(cc cht trn khng bay hi)
a) C12H22O11 < C6H12O6 < C3H5(OH)3
b) Khng sp c
c) C3H5(OH)3 < C6H12O6 < C12H22O11
d) C12H22O11 < C3H5(OH)3 < C6H12O6
11.21 Tnh p sut hi bo ha ca nc trong dung dch cha 5g cht tan trong 100g nc nhit
25oC. Cho bit nhit ny nc tinh khit c p sut hi bo ha bng 23,76mmHg v khi lng
phn t cht tan bng 62,5g.
a) 23,4mmHg
b) 0,34mmHg
c) 22,6mmHg
d) 19,0mmHg
11.22 25oC, p sut hi bo ha ca nc nguyn cht l 23,76mmHg. Khi ha tan 2,7mol glyxerin
vo 100mol H2O nhit trn th gim p sut hi bo ha ca dung dch bng:
a) 23,13mmHg
b) 0,64mmHg
c) 0,62mmHg
d)23,10mmHg
11.23 So snh nhit si ca cc dung dch CH3OH (t1) , CH3CHO (t2) v C2H5OH (t3) cng cha B
gam cht tan trong 1000g nc c: (bit rng cc cht ny cng bay hi cng vi nc)
a) t3 > t2 > t1
b) t1 > t2 > t3
c) t2 > t1 > t3
d) khng d liu tnh.
11.24 Dung dch nc ca mt cht tan khng in li si 373,52oK. Nng molan ca dung dch
ny l : ( Ks = 0,52):
a) 0,01
b) 1,0
c) 10
d) 0,1
11.25 Trong 200g dung mi cha A g ng gluc c khi lng phn t M; hng s nghim ng ca
dung mi l K. Hi biu thc no ng i vi T:
a) T = 5k.(A/M)
b) T = k.(A/M)
c) T = 1/5k.(A/M)
d) T = k.A
11.26 Dung dch nc ca mt cht tan bay hi khng in li si 100,26oC. Nng molan ca dung
dch ny l: (hng s nghim si ca nc Ks = 0,52)
a) 0,75
b) 1
c) 0,5
d) khng d liu tnh
11.27 Ha tan 0,4g mt hp cht hu c X vo 25g axit acetic th dung dch bt u ng c
16,15oC. Bit rng axit acetic nguyn cht ng c 16,60oC v hp cht X to dung dch rn vi axit
acetic. Cho bit hng s nghim lnh ca axit acetic l 3,6. Tnh phn t gam ca X.
a) 228g
b) 256g
c) 128g
d) khng d liu tnh
1) Ap sut thm thu ca dung dch c ln bng p sut gy ra bi cht tan nu cht ny th
kh l tng, chim th tch bng th tch ca dung dch v cng nhit vi nhit ca dung
dch.
2) Ap sut thm thu t l thun vi nhit ca dung dch.
3) Ap sut thm thu ca mt dung dch in li v khng in li cng nhit v cng nng mol
l khc nhau.
4) nh lut Vant Hoff ( v p sut thm thu) ng cho dung dch bt k nng no.
5) Ap sut thm thu tnh theo nng ng lng gam ca dung dch.
a) 1, 2 , 3
b) 1, 3 , 5
c) tt c u ng
d) Ch c cu 4 sai
11.29 Biu thc tn hc ca nh lut Raoult II c dng:
a) t = k.Cm (Cm nng molan).
b) t = k.CM (CM nng mol)
c) t = kCN (CN nng ng lng)
d) t = kC (C nng phn trm)
CHNG 12: DUNG DCH IN Li
Dung dch in li, in li (), hng s in li (K)
12.1 Mt cht in ly trung bnh 25oC c in ly :
a) 0,03<<0,3 nng dung dch bng 0,1 N
38
b) 0,03<<0,3 nng dung dch bng 1 N

c) 0,03<<0,3 nng dung dch bng 0,1M
d) 0,03<<0,3 nng dung dch bng 1M
12.2 chn pht biu ng:
1) Ch cc hp cht ion mi b in li khi chng tan trong nc.
2) Hng s in li khng thay i khi thay i nng dung dch.
3) Hng s in li l i lng ph thuc vo bn cht cht in li, bn cht dung mi v nhit .
4) Hng s in li l hng s cn bng tun theo nh lut tc dng khi lng Guldberg Waage.
a) 2, 3, 4
b) 1, 2, 4
c) 1, 3 , 4
d) Tt c u ng
12.3 Kh nng in li thnh ion trong dung dch nc xy ra cc hp cht c lin kt cng ha tr
khng cc (1), cng ha tr phn cc mnh (2), ion (3), cng ha tr phn cc yu (4) thay i theo
chiu:
a) (1) < (2) < (3) < (4)
b) (1) > (2) > (3) > (4)
c) (1) < (2) < 4) < (3)
d) (1) < (4) < (2) < (3)
12.4 p s ca bi tn di y l:
Trong dung dch HF 0,1M c 8% HF b ion ha. Hi hng s in li ca HF bng bao nhiu?
a) 7,0.10-4
b) 7,0.10-2
c) 6,4.10-2
d) 6,4.10-4
12.5 Chn pht biu chnh xc:
1) in li () tng khi nng ca cht in li tng.
2) in li () khng th ln hn 1.
3) in li tng ln khi nhit tng.
4) Cht in li yu l cht c < 0,03
a) Tt c u ng
b)1, 2, 3
c) 3, 4
d) 2, 3
12.6 Chn nhn xt chnh xc. in li ca cht in li:
a) Tng ln khi tng nhit v khi gim nng dung dch.
b) Tng ln khi gim nhit v khi tng nng dung dch.
c) L hng s nhit xc nh.
d) Khng ph thuc vo nng dung dch.
a) in li () ca mt cht in li yu cng ln khi hng s in li ca n cng ln.
b) Nu mt cht in li yu nng 0,01M c in ly bng 0,01 th nng 0,001M,
in li ca n ln hn 0,01.
c) in li ca cht in li yu lun nh hn 1.
d) Khi thm mt acid mnh vo dung dch mt acid yu, in li ca acid yu tng.
12.8 Dung dch cht in li AB2 c h s ng trng i = 1,84, vy in li ca cht ny trong dung
dch l:
a) 0,44
b) 0,84
c) 0,42
d) 0,28
12.9 H tan 155 mg mt baz hu c n chc (M = 31) vo 50ml nc, dung dch thu c c pH =
10. Tnh phn li ca baz ny:
a) 5%
b) 0,1%
c) 1%
d) 0,5%
12.10 Cho 1 dung dch c 0,5 mol KNO3 trong 500g nc. cng iu kin p sut, nhit ng c
ca dung dch trn thp hn nhit ng c ca nc l 3,01oC. Hng s nghim ng ca nc l
1,86./mol. Vy in li biu kin ca KNO3 trong dung dch trn l:
a) 52,0%
b) 61,8%
c) 5,2%
d) 6,2%
12.11 Chn nhn xt chnh xc.
cng iu kin , dung dch in li so vi dung dch phn t c:
a) Ap sut hi bo ha thp hn, nhit si cao hn.
b) Ap sut hi bo ha cao hn, nhit si cao hn.
39
c) Nhit ng c cao hn, p sut hi bo ha cao hn.

d) Ap sut hi bo ha thp hn, nhit ng c cao hn.
12.12 H tan 0.585 gam NaCl vo 1 lt H2O. Ap sut thm thu ca dung dch ny 25oC c gi tr
l: (Cho bit MNaCl = 58,5 v R = 0,082 lit , atm / mol. K; coi = 1)
a) 0.488 atm
b) 0.244 atm
c) 0.041 atm
d) 0.0205 atm
12.13 Chn cc cu sai:

1) Ch cc cht in li mnh mi cn s dng khi nim hot (a) thay cho nng trong biu thc
nh lut tc dng khi lng.
2) Khi pha lng dung dch th h s hot (f) tng.
3) Cc dung dch cht in li yu lun c h s hot (f) bng 1.
a) 1, 2, 3
b) 1, 2
c) 2, 3
d) 1, 3
12.14 Chn cu sai:
a) Hot ca cht l nng biu kin ca n trong dung dch.
b) Hot ca ion ph thuc vo lc ion ca dung dch.
c) Hng s in li thay i khi tnh theo nng ca ion .
d) Nng ca ion trong dung dch thng nh hn hot ca n.
12.15 Chn cu ng. Cho cc dung dch nc lng ca C6H12O6, NaCl, MgCl2, Na3PO4. Bit chng
c cng nng molan v in li ca cc mui NaCl, MgCl2 v Na3PO4 u bng 1. gim p
sut hi bo ha ca nc trong chng thay i nh th no theo th t ca dy trn:
a) Bng nhau
b) Gim dn
c) tng dn
d) Khng c quy lut
12.16 Trt t sp xp no ca cc dung dch 0,01M ca nhng cht cho di y l ph hp vi s
gim dn p sut thm thu (cc mui in li hn tn):
a) CaCl2 NaCl CH3COOH C6H12O6
b) CH3COOH NaCl C6H12O6 - CaCl2
c) C6H12O6 - CH3COOH NaCl - CaCl2
d) CaCl2 - CH3COOH C6H12O6 NaCl
12.17 Chn cu ng.
Qu trnh h tan tinh th KOH trong nc xy ra km theo s thay i entropi chuyn pha (Scp) v
entropi solvat ha (Ss) nh sau:
a) Scp > 0 , Ss < 0
b) Scp < 0 , Ss < 0
c) Scp < 0 , Ss > 0
d) Scp > 0 , Ss > 0
CHNG 13: CN BNG ION CA AXIT BAZ
Cc l thuyt axit baz
13.1 Chn pht biu ng v y nht. Cc cht lng tnh theo thuyt proton (thuyt bronsted)
trong cc cht sau: NH4+, CO32-, HCO3-, H2O, HCl l:
a) HCO3- v CO32b) HCO3- v H2O
c) HCO3- , H2O v HCl
d) NH4+ v HCl
13.2 Chn p n ng:
Cho cc cht sau: CH3COOH , H2PO4-, NH4+ , theo thuyt proton, cc cp axit baz lin hp xut pht
t chng l:
a) CH3COOH2+/CH3COOH; CH3COOH/CH3COO-; H3PO4/H2PO4- ; H2PO4-/PO43- ; NH4+/NH3;
b) CH3COOH2+/CH3COO-; CH3COOH/CH3COO-; H3PO4/H2PO4- ; H2PO4-/HPO42- ; NH4+/NH3;
c) CH3COOH2+/CH3COOH; CH3COOH/CH3COO-; H3PO4/H2PO4- ; H2PO4-/HPO42- ; NH52+/NH4+
d) CH3COOH2+/CH3COOH; CH3COOH/CH3COO-; H3PO4/H2PO4- ; H2PO4-/HPO42-; NH4+/NH3;
13.3 Chn cu tr li ng. Cu no trong s cc cu di y sai:
1) Baz lin hp ca mt axit mnh l mt baz yu v ngc li.
2) i vi cp axit-baz lin hp NH4+ / NH3 trong dung dch nc ta c : KNH4+ . KNH3 = Kn,
trong Kn l tch s ion ca nc.
3) Hng s in li ca NH3 trong dung dch nc l 1,8 x 10-5, suy ra KNH4+ = 5,62 x 10-10.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) khng c cu sai
40
13.4 Da vo i lc proton ca cc dung mi NH3 v HCl cho bit CH3COOH th hin tnh cht g
trong dung mi :
a) Tnh baz trong HCl, tnh axit trong NH3.
c) Tnh baz trong c 2 dung mi.
b) Tnh baz trong NH3, tnh axit trong HCl.
d) Tnh axit trong c 2 dung mi.
13.5 Cho cc phn ng:
1) MgCl2 + 6H2O = MgCl2.6H2O
2) BH3 + NaH = Na[BH4]
3) Ni2+ + 4NH3 = [Ni(NH3)4]2+
Cc cht axit v baz trong cc phn ng trn theo thuyt electron (thuyt lewis) l:
a) axit: H2O , BH3 v NiCl2 ; baz : MgCl2 , NaH v NH3
b) axit: MgCl2 , BH3 v NiCl2 ; baz : H2O, NaH v NH3
c) axit: MgCl2, NaH v NiCl2 ; baz: H2O, BH3 v NH3
d) axit: MgCl2, BH3 v NH3 ; baz H2O, NaH v NiCl2
Cc hng s in li axit, baz, tch s tan, tch s ion ca nc, pH ca dung dch, dung dch m,
ch th pH
13.6 Chn cc pht biu ng.
1) Theo thuyt proton, cc hng s in ly ca axit, baz c cng bn cht vi hng s thy
phn.
2) tan v in li c cng bn cht.
3) Theo thuyt proton, in ly v thy phn c cng bn cht.
4) Hng s in li ca axit, hng s in li baz v tch s tan u l hng s cn bng tun theo nh
lut Guldberg Waage.
a) 3 , 4
b) 1 , 2 , 4
c) 1, 3 , 4
d) Tt c u ng
1) Axit cng yu th pKa cng ln.
2) Dung dch mt baz yu c pH cng nh khi pKb ca n cng ln.
3) Baz cng mnh khi pKb cng ln
4) Gia pKa v pKb ca H2PO4- c quan h pKa + pKb = -lgKn.
a) 1, 3, 4
b) 2,3
c) 1, 2, 4
d) 1, 2
13.8 Khi h tan H3PO4 vo nc, trong dung dch s tn ti cc ion H+; HPO42-; H2PO4-; PO43- Cc tiu
phn ny c sp xp theo th t nng tng dn nh sau:
a) PO43- < HPO42- < H2PO4- < H+
b) H+ < PO43- < HPO42- < H2PO4+
23c) H < H2PO4 < HPO4 < PO4
d) H+ < H2PO4- < HPO42- < PO4313.9 S lng ion H+ cha trong 1 lt dung dch c pOH = 13 l:
a) 6,023.1010
b) 6,023.1022
c) 6,023.1023
d) 6,023.1013
13.10 pH ca dung dch no s hu nh khng thay i khi pha lng 2 ln ( coi f =1)
a) dung dch cha NH4OH v NaOH
b) dung dch cha HCl v NaCl
c) dung dch cha CH3COOH v HCl
d) dung dch cha NH4OH v NH4Cl
pH ca nc s thay i nh th no khi thm 0,01 mol NaOH vo 100 lt nc:
a) tng 3 n v
b) tng 4 n v
c) gim 4 n v
d) gim 3 n v
13.12 Cho 4 dung dch nc cha:
1) HCl v NaCl
2) CH3COOH & CH3COONa
3) NH4Cl & NH3
4) CH3COOH &
NH3
Trong 4 dung dch ny, nhng dung dch c s dng lm dung dch m l:
a) 1, 2, 3
b) 2, 3
c) 1, 3 , 4
d) 2, 3, 4
13.13 Trong s cu di y cu sai l:
1) Dung dch m c gi tr pH xc nh v hu nh khng thay i khi pha lng dung dch.
41
2) H m baz c to r a t dung dch baz yu v mui ca n vi mt axit yu.

3) H m axit c to ra t dung dch axit yu v mui ca n vi mt baz mnh.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) Khng c cu sai
13.14 Cho 4 dung dch sau:
1) CH3COOH + CH3COONa pha theo t l mol 1:1
2) CH3COOH + NaOH pha theo t l mol 1 : 1
4) HCl + NH3 pha theo t l mol 1:1
Trong 4 dung dch trn, dung dch no c th dng c lm dung dch m?
a) 1, 3 v 4
b) 1 v 3
c) C 4 dung dch
d) 1
13.15 Cho 4 dung dch sau:
1) CH3COOH + CH3COONa pha theo t l mol 1 : 1
2) HCl + NH3 pha theo t l mol 0,5 : 1
3) CH3COOH + NaOH pha theo t l mol 2 : 0,1
Trong 4 dung dch trn, dung dch no c tnh cht m ?
a) 1, 3 v 4
b) 1 v 3
c) 1, 2
d) 1, 2 v 4
13.16 pH ca dung dch no s hu nh khng thay i khi pha lng 2 ln bng nc :
1. CH3COONH4
2. HCl & NaCl
3. NH4Cl & NH3
4. CH3COONa & CH3COOH
a) 3
b) 1, 3, 4
c) 2, 3, 4
d) 2, 3
13.17 Chn phng n ng.
Axit CH3COOH c pKa = 4,75. Mun c c h m acetat c pH = 4,75 cn phi:
1) Trn (V/2) cm3 CH3COOH 0,1M + V cm3 CH3COONa 0,05M
2) Trn V cm3 CH3COOH 0,1M + V cm3 CH3COONa 0,1M
3) Trn 2V cm3 CH3COOH 0,1M + V cm3 CH3COONa 0,2M
a) 2
b) 1,2, 3
c) 1, 3
d) 1,2
13.18 Tnh pH ca dung dch nc cha NH4OH 0,3 M v NH4Cl 0,1M
(Kb ca NH4OH : 1,8. 10-5):
a) 9,26
b) 4,74
c) 4,26
d) 9,73
13.19 Dung dch CH3COOH 0,1N c in ly = 0,01. Suy ra dung dch axit cho c pH bng:
a) 13
b) 1
c) 3
d) 11
13.20 pH ca mt dung dch acid HA 0,15 N o c l 2,8. Tnh pKa ca acid ny.
a) 4,78
b) 3,42
c) 4,58
d) 2,33
13.21 pH ca mt dung dch acid HA 0,0015 N o c l 2,9. Tnh pKa ca acid ny.
a) 2,90
b) 2,30
c) 2,98
d) 2,18
13.22 Tnh pH ca dung dch boric acid 0.1 M cho pKa1 , pKa2 v pKa3 ln lt bng 9,24; 12,74 v
13,80.
a) 5,00
b) 5,08
c) 5,12
d) 6,77
13.23 Tnh pH ca h khi cho 50ml dung dch NaOH 0,1N vo 50ml dung dch HF 0,1N.
Cho bit hng s in ly axit HF bng 1.10-3,18
a) 8,1
b) 5,9
c) 6,1
d) 7,9
13.24 Tnh pH ca h khi cho 50ml dung dch NaOH 0,1N vo 50ml dung dch HF 0,2N.
Cho bit hng s in ly axit HF bng 1.10-3,18
a) 3,18
b) 2,88
c) 3,48
d) 2,24
13.25 Tnh pH ca h khi cho 50ml dung dch HCl 0,1N vo 80ml dung dch NH4OH 0,1N.
Cho bit hng s in li baz NH4OH bng 1.10-4,75
a) 4,55
b) 9,45
c) 4,75
d)9,25
13.26 Tnh pH ca dung dch trong 2 trng hp sau:
1) Rt 50 ml dung dch CH3COOH 0,1N vo 50 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1N
42
2) Rt 50 ml dung dch CH3COOH 0,15N vo 50ml dung dch NaOH 0,1N

a) (1) 10,23 ; (2) 5,06
b) (1) 8,88; (2) 4,46
c) (1) 8,73 ; (2) 5,06
d) (1) 8,73 ; (2) 4,46
13.27 Sp cc dung dch c cng nng mol ca cc cht sau y theo th t pH tng dn: H2SO4,
CH3COOH, HCl, Na2CO3. (khng cn tnh c th gi tr ca pH).
a) H2SO4 < HCl < CH3COOH < Na2CO3
b) Na2CO3 < CH3COOH < HCl = H2SO4
c) H2SO4 = HCl < CH3COOH < Na2CO3
d) Na2CO3 < CH3COOH < HCl < H2SO4
CHNG 14: CN BNG ION CA CHT IN LY KH TAN
14.1 So snh tan (S) ca Ag2CrO4 vi CuI cng nhit , bit chng l cht t tan v c tch s tan
bng nhau:
a) sAgCrO4 > sCuI
b) sAgCrO4 = sCuI
c) sAgCrO4 < sCuI
d) sAgCrO4 << sCuI
14.2 Chn so snh ng: Cho bit tch s tan ca Ag2CrO4 v CuI bng nhau (T = 1.10-11,96 ).
So snh nng cc ion :
a) [Ag+] = [CrO42-] > [Cu+] = [I-]
b) [Ag+] > [CrO42-] = [Cu+] = [I-]
c) khng so snh c
d) [Ag+] > [CrO42-] > [Cu+] = [I-]
14.3 Trn 50 ml dung dch Ca(NO3)2 1.10-4 M vi 50 ml dung dch SbF3 2.10-4M. Tnh tch [Ca2+][F]2. CaF2 c kt ta hay khng, bit tch s tan ca CaF2 T = 1.10-10,4.
a) 1.10-10,74 , khng c kt ta
b) 1.10-9,84 , c kt ta.
-11,34
c) 1.10
, khng c kt ta
d) 1.10-80, khng c kt ta
14.4 Khi thm Ion NO3 vo dung dch AgCl s:
a) Lm tng tan ca AgCl.
b) Khng lm thay i tan ca AgCl.
c) Lm gim tan ca AgCl.
d) C 3 trng hp trn u c th xy ra.
14.5 Chn p n ng.
Nh tng git dung dch (NH4)2SO4 0,1M vo 1 lt dung dch cha 0,0001 ion gam Ba2+ v 1 ion gam
Sr2+ th:
a) Kt ta BaSO4 xut hin trc.
b) Kt ta SrSO4 xut hin trc.
c) C 2 kt ta xut hin ng thi.
d) Khng to thnh kt ta.
Cho bit pT ca BaSO4 v SrSO4 ln lt bng 9,97 v 6,49.
14.6 Trn cc dung dch:
1) 100ml dung dch AgNO3 10-4M vi 100ml dung dch HCl 10-5M
2) 100ml dung dch AgNO3 10-4M vi 100ml dung dch NaCl 10-4M
3) 100ml dung dch AgNO3 10-4M vi 100ml dung dch HCl 10-6 M
Trong trng hp no c s to thnh kt ta AgCl? Cho bit tch s tan ca AgCl l T = 10 -9,6.
a) Ch c trng hp (1)
b) Ch c trng hp (2)
c) Cc trng hp (1), (2)
d) C 3 trng hp.
14.7 Tch s tan ca Cu(OH)2 bng 2.10-20.. Thm dn NaOH vo dung dch mui Cu(NO3)2 0,02M cho
ti khi kt ta Cu(OH)2 xut hin. Vy, gi tr pH m khi vt qu n th kt ta bt u xut hin l:
a) 9
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
o
-37,6
14.8 Chn gi tr ng: Bit tch s tan 25 C ca Fe(OH)3 l 1.10 . Dung dch FeCl3 0,1M s bt
u xut hin kt ta khi c pH ca dung dch bng:
a) 1,8
b) > 1,8
c) < 1,8
d) > 12,2
14.9 Cho 3 dung dch nc (dd) BaCl2, Na2CO3 v NaCl v nc nguyn cht. BaCO3 tan nhiu hn c
trong:
a) dd BaCl2
b) dd NaCl
c) dd Na2CO3
d) H2O
14.10 Trng hp no ng vi dung dch cha bo ha ca cht in li kh tan AmBn:
a) [An+]m[Bm-]n < TAmBn
b) [An+]m[Bm-]n = TAmBn
n+ m m- n
c) [A ] [B ] > TAmBn
[ d) [An+][Bm-] > TAmBn
CHNG 15: PHN NG TRAO I ION V HNG S CN BNG CA N.
43
Ngi ta trn cc dung dch axit v baz theo ng t l trung ha. i vi cc cp axit v baz no
di nay, dung dch thu c c mi trng trung tnh hoc coi nh trung tnh:
1. KOH + H2SO4
2. NaOH + CH3COOH
3. NH3 + CH3COOH
4.NH3 + HCl
5. NaOH + NaHCO3
6. Ba(OH)2 + HCl
a) 1, 3, 6
b) 1, 3, 5
c) 1, 6
d) 1, 3, 5, 6
1) Axit mnh v baz mnh c th cng tn ti trong mt dung dch.
2) Phn ng trao i ion xy ra khi to thnh cht t in li hoc cht t tan.
3) Hiu ng nhit ca phn ng trung ha gia axit mnh v baz mnh c th khc nhau ty
thuc vo loi acid v loi baz s dng.
4) Phn ng trao i ion thng xy ra vi tc ln.
a) 1
b) 3
c) 1, 3 & 4
d) 1 & 3
15.3 Cho phn ng trao i ion:
NH4Cl(dd) + Na2S(dd) + H2O
NH3.H2O(dd) + NaHS(dd) + NaCl(dd)
Hng s cn bng ca phn ng trn bng:
a) 1.10-4,76
b) 1.10-11,98
c) 1.1011,98
d) 1.104,76
-7,2
-14
Cho cc hng s in li axit ca H2S ln lt bng 1.10 v 1.10 ; hng s in li ca NH3.H2O
bng 1.10-4,76 ; tch s ion ca nc bng 1.10-14.
15.4 Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng:
2NaH2PO4(dd) + 3Ca(CH3COO)2(dd)
Ca3(PO4)2(r) + 2NaCH3COO(dd) + 4CH3COOH(dd)
a) 1.10-9,51
b) 1.109,51
c) 1.109,98
d) 1.10-9,98
Cho pT ca Ca3(PO4)2 bng 29, pK2 v pK3 ca H3PO4 ln lt bng 7,21 v 12,28.
15.5 Cho phn ng trao i ion:
Na2[Ni(CN)4](dd) + H2S(dd)
NiS(r) + 2HCN(dd) + 2NaCN
Hng s cn bng ca phn ng trn bng:
a) 1.10-14,78
b) 1.1014,78
c) 1.10-0,78
d) 1.100,78
Cho hng s khng bn ca ion phc [Ni(CN)4]2- bng 1.10-31, tch s tan ca NiS bng 1.10-19 ,
hng s in li axit ca HCN bng 1.10-9,21 v cc hng s in li axit ca H2S ln lt bng 1.10-7,2 v
1.10-14.
15.6 Khi chun dung dch CH3COOH bng dung dch NaOH nn chn ch th no trong hai ch th
sau: metyl da cam v phenolphtalein, bit vng pH i mu ca hai ch th ny tng ng l 3,1 4,4 v
8,3 10,0. (Ka ca CH3COOH bng 1,74.10-5)
a) Metyl da cam
b) Phenolphtalein
c) C hai
d) Khng c ch th no thch hp
15.7 Bit cc hng s axit trong dung dch nc Ka (HCN) = 6,2.10-10 ; Ka (HNO2) = 4.10-4
Trong s cc baz Bronsted CN- ; OH- ; NO2- baz no mnh nht trong dung dch nc?
a) CNb) OHc) NO2d) Khng xc nh c
15.8 Chn nhn xt ng:
Cho phn ng :
AgI (r) + NaCl (dd) = AgCl (r) + NaI (dd)
1) Phn ng xy ra hn tn theo chiu thun.
2) Phn ng thun nghch v Go298,p nm trong khong 40kJ n +40 kJ.
3) C th coi AgI thc t khng tan trong dung dch NaCl v t l [I-]/[Cl-] khi cn bng qu nh.
4) Phn ng ch xy ra theo chiu nghch.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3, 4
d) 4
Cho bit pT ca AgCl v AgI ln lt l 9,75 v 16,08
15.9 chn phng n ng. tan ca cht in li t tan trong nc nhit nht nh tng ln khi
thm ion l c th l do:
1) Lc Ion ca dung dch tng ln lm gim h s hot
2) Ion l to kt ta vi mt loi ion ca cht in li .
3) Ion l to cht t in li vi mt loi ion ca cht in li t tan .
44
a) 1
b) 2 & 3
c) 1 & 2
d) 1, 2 & 3
15.10 Chn cu sai. thy phn ca mt mui cng ln khi:
a) axit yu to thnh n c hng s in ly cng nho.
b) dung dch cng lng.
c) c hng s thy phn cng nh.
d ) baz to thnh n cng yu.
15.11 Chn phng n ng . Xt mi trng dung dch v ion tham gia thy phn ca cc mui:
1) KNO3 : mi trng trung tnh, khng c ion b thy phn.
2) NaClO4 : mi trng baz, anion b thy phn.
3) NH4CH3COO: mi trng trung tnh, cation v anion u b thy phn.
4) Fe2(SO4)3 : mi trng trung tnh, khng c ion b thy phn.
a) 1 , 3
b) 1 , 2 & 3
c) 1 & 2
d) 3 & 4
15.12 Ba dung dch ca cng mt cht tan NH4Cl c nng C1 < C2 < C3 . Dung dch c thy phn
ht ln nht l :
a) Dung dch nng C1.
b) Dung dch nng C2.
c) Dung dch nng C3.
d) C ba dung dch c cng thy phn.
15.13 S thy phn khng xy ra i vi cc mui to thnh t :
a) acid yu v baz mnh
b) acid mnh v baz yu
c) acid yu v baz yu
d) acid mnh v baz mnh
15.14 Trong s cc cht di y, cc cht hn ch s thy phn ca Cr2(SO4)3:
1) HCl
2) NaHCO3
3) NaH2PO4
4) Na2CO3
5) NH4Cl
6) Al2(SO4)3
a) 1, 5 & 6
b) 1, 2, 3, 5 & 6
c) 1, 2 & 6
d) 2, 3 &4
15.15 Thm thuc th no di y vo dung dch FeCl3 s lm tng hoc hn ch s thy phn ca
mui:
1)Na2CO3
2) HCl
3)NH4NO3
4) Ca(CH3COO)2 5)NaCl
6) BaCl2
a) Lm tng: Na2CO3 ; Ca(CH3COO)2; BaCl2
Hn ch: NH4NO3 ; HCl
b) Lm tng: Na2CO3 ; Ca(CH3COO)2
Hn ch: NH4NO3 ; HCl
c) Lm tng: Na2CO3 ; Ca(CH3COO)2
Hn ch: NH4NO3 ; HCl ; BaCl2
d) Lm tng: Na2CO3
Hn ch: NH4NO3 ; HCl ; BaCl2
15.16 Chn cc cu sai:
1) Mt cht t tan s kt ta khi tch s nng cc ion ca n (vi s m bng s nguyn t trong cng
thc phn t ca n) bng ng tch s tan.
2) C th lm tan mt cht rn t tan bng cch a vo dung dch mt loi ion c th to vi ion ca
cht t tan mt cht rn t tan hoc t in ly khc.
3) Cc baz c hng s in li nh hn 1.10-7 khng th tn ti vi mt lng ng k di dng
phn t trong dung dch c mt axit mnh.
4) Dung dch nc ca cc mui to thnh t axit v baz c mnh tng tng nhau lun trung
tnh.
a) 1, 3 , 4
b) 1, 3
c) 1, 2 , 4
d) 3 , 4
15.17 Nhng mui no thy phn tng phn to mui baz:
1. AgNO3
2. BaCl2
3. AlCl3
4. K3PO4
5. FeCl2
6. FeCl3
7. CuCl2
8. MgSO4
a) 3, 6
b) 3 , 5, 6
c) 3, 5, 6, 7
d) 3, 5, 6, 7, 8
CHNG 16: IN HA HC
ph hp vi cc gio trnh chuyn ngnh ngh sinh vin chuyn qua dng khi nim th
in cc () theo quy c ca chu M trong cc php tnh tn (sinh vin c hiu phn ny trong
gio trnh trang 473 gio trnh Ha i cng xut bn nm 2002 hoc trang 192 tp 2 Ha i
cng xut bn nm 1990 ca gio s Nguyn nh Soa )
45
16.1 Cho phn ng oxy ha kh:

K2Cr2O7 + FeSO4 + H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 + Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + H2O
Cn bng phn ng trn. Nu h s trc K2Cr2O7 l 1 th h s ng trc H2SO4 v Fe2(SO4)3 ln
lt l:
a) 7, 3
b) 7, 6
c) 5, 3
d) 4, 5
16.2 Chn cu ng:
Trong phn ng: 3Cl2 + I- + 6OH- = 6Cl- + IO3- + 3H2O
a) Cht oxy ha l Cl2 , cht b oxy ha l Ib) Cht kh l Cl2, cht oxy ha l I-.
c) Cht b oxy ha l Cl2, cht b kh l Id) Cl2 b kh, I- l cht oxy ha.
16.3 Cho cc s liu sau:
1) o (Ca2+/Ca) = - 2.79 V
2) o (Zn2+/Zn) = - 0.764 V
3) o (Fe2+/Fe) = - 0.437 V
4) o (Fe3+/Fe2+) = + 0.771 V
Cc cht c sp xp theo th t tnh oxy ha tng dn nh sau:
a) Fe3+ < Fe2+ < Zn2+ < Ca2+
b) Ca2+ < Zn2+ < Fe2+ < Fe3+
2+
3+
2+
2+
c) Zn < Fe < Ca < Fe
d) Ca2+ < Zn2+ < Fe3+ < Fe2+
16.4 Th ca in cc ng thay i nh th no khi pha lng dung dch mui Cu2+ ca in cc xung
10 ln:
a) gim 29,5 mV
b) gim 59 mV
c) Tng 29,5 mV
d) tng 59 mV
16.5 Mt in cc Ag nhng vo dung dch AgNO3 , th ca in cc ny s thay i nh th no khi :
1) Thm HCl (c kt ta AgCl)
2) Thm NaOH (c kt ta Ag2O)
3) Thm nc (pha lng)
a) Tng cho c 3 trng hp.
b) Gim cho c 3 trng hp.
c) Khng thay i cho c 3 trng hp.
d) Ch gim cho 2 trng hp u.
16.6 Chn cu ng:
1) Pin l thit b bin ha nng ca phn ng oxy ha - kh thnh in nng.
2) in phn l qu trnh bin in nng ca dng in mt chiu thnh ha nng.
3) Pin l qu trnh bin ha nng ca mt phn ng oxy ha - kh thnh in nng .
4) Cc qu trnh xy ra trong pin v bnh in phn tri ngc nhau.
a) 1, 2 & 4
b) 2 & 4
c) 1 & 3
d) 2 & 3
16.7 Chn cu ng v y nht:
Th in cc ca mt cht lm in cc c th thay i khi mt trong cc yu t sau thay i:
a) Nng mui ca kim loi lm in cc ; nhit .
b) B mt tip xc gia kim loi vi dung dch ; nng mui ca kim loi lm in cc.
c) Nng mui ca kim loi lm in cc ; nhit ; nng mui l.
d) Nng mui ca kim loi lm in cc; nng mui l.
16.8 i vi in cc hydro khi thay i nng H+ th tnh oxi ha ca in cc thay i. Vy khi
gim nng H+ th:
a) Tnh oxi ha ca H+ tng do tng.
b) Tnh oxi ha ca H+ tng do gim.
c) Tnh kh ca H2 tng do gim.
d) Tnh kh ca H2 tng do tng.
16.9 Trong cc pht biu sau, pht biu sai l:
a) Qu th ph thuc bn cht ca cht phng in in cc, bn cht v trng thi b mt ca in
cc.
b) Kim loi lm in cc c th in cc cng dng th cng c tnh kh mnh.
c) Sc in ng ca pin ph thuc vo nng cht oxy ha v cht kh.
d) Sc in ng ca pin ph thuc vo nhit mi trng.
16.10 Chn nhn xt sai. Cho nguyn t Ganvanic gm in cc hidro tiu chun (1) v in cc
H2(Pt) nhng vo trong dung dch HCl 0,1M (2). nhit nht nh nguyn t ny c:
a) th in cc ca in cc (2) gim khi nng ca dung dch HCl gim
46
b) Sc in ng gim khi pha lng dung dch in cc (2)

c) in cc (1) lm in cc dng
d) Qu trnh oxy ha xy ra trn in cc (2)
Cho qu trnh in cc: MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e = Mn2+ + 4H2O
Phng trnh Nerst i vi qu trnh cho c dng:
a) = o + (0,059/5). lg([MnO4-].[H+]8/[Mn2+])
b) = o + 0,059. lg([MnO4-].[H+]8/[Mn2+])
c) = o + (0,059/5). lg([Mn2+])/[MnO4-].[H+]8)
d) = o + (0,059/5). lg([MnO4-].[H+]8/[Mn2+][H2O]4)
16.12 Chn cch vit ng:
S cc pin hot ng trn c s cc phn ng oxy ha kh :
Sn (r) + Pb(NO3)2 (dd) = Sn(NO3)2 (dd) + Pb (r)
HCl (dd) + Zn(r) = ZnCl2(dd) + H2 (k)
l:
a) (-) Sn Sn(NO)2 Pb(NO3)2 Pb (+)
(-) H2(Pt) HCl ZnCl2 Zn (+)
b) (-) Sn Sn(NO3)2 Pb(NO3)2 Pb (+)
(-) Zn ZnCl2 HCl H2(Pt) (+)
c) (-) Pb Pb(NO3)2 Sn(NO3)2 Sn (+)
(-)H2(Pt) HCl ZnCl2 Zn (+)
d) (-) Pb Pb(NO3)2 Sn(NO3)2 Sn (+)
(-) Zn ZnCl2 HCl H2(Pt) (+)
16.13 Chn p n ng.
Cho nguyn t ganvanic to bi in cc (1) (gm mt thanh Ag nhng trong dung dch AgNO3
0,001N) v in cc (2) (gm thanh Ag nhng trong dung dch AgNO3 0,1N). i vi nguyn t ny c:
a) Qu trnh kh xy ra trn cc (1).
b) Cc (1) l cc dng.
c) in cc (2) b tan ra.
d) mch ngi electron chuyn t in cc (1) sang in cc (2).
16.14 Nguyn t Ganvanic Zn Zn2+ (1M) Ag+ (1M) Ag c sc in ng thay i nh th no
khi tng nng Zn2+ v Ag+ mt s ln nh nhau.
a) Khng i
b) Tng ln
c) Gim xung
d) Khng xc nh c
Cho bit th oxi ha kh ca Zn2+ / Zn v Ag+ / Ag ln lt bng 0,763V v 0,799V
16.15 Cho bit cc phn ng no di y c th xy ra trong thc t:
1) 2MnCl2 (dd) + 2Cl2 (k) + 8H2O = 2HMnO4 (dd) + 14HCl (dd)
2) K2Cr2O7 (dd) + 14HCl (dd) = 3Cl2 (k) + 2CrCl3 (dd) + 2KCl (dd) + 7H2O
3) MnO2 (r) + 4HCl (dd) = MnCl2 (dd) + Cl2 (k) + 2H2O
Cho cc th kh tiu chun:
MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- = Mn2+ + 4H2O
0 = +1,51 V
Cl2 (k) + 2e- = 2Cl0 = 1,359 V
2+
3+
Cr2O7 + 14H + 6e = 2Cr + 7H2O
0 = 1,33 V
MnO2(r) + 4H+ + 2e- = Mn2+ + 2H2O
0 = 1,23 V
a) 2, 3
b) 2
c) 1, 2, 3
d) khng c phn ng no xy ra c
16.16 Cho dy hot ng cc cp Oxy ha kh ( sp theo th t 0 tng dn), ta c th t sau:
Zn2+/ Zn
2H+/ H2
Cu2+/ Cu
Ag+/ Ag
0
Phn ng sau c th xy ra t pht:
a) Zn + 2H+ Zn2+ + H2
b) Cu + 2H+ Cu2+ + H2
d) a v c u ng.
c) Zn + 2Ag+ 2Ag + Zn2+
47
16.17 Cho cc th kh tiu chun:

Fe3+ + e = Fe2+
o = +0,77V
4+
3+
Ti + e = Ti
o = - 0,01 V
Ce4+ + e = Ce3+
o = + 1,14 V
Trong cc phn ng sau:
1) Fe3+ + Ti3+
Fe2+ + Ti4+
4+
3+
2) Ce + Ti
Ce3+ + Ti4+
3) Ce3+ + Fe3+
Ce4+ + Fe2+
Phn ng c th xy ra t pht l :
a) 1
b) 1 & 2
c) 2
d) 1, 2 & 3
16.18 Chn p n ng nht.
Th kh tiu chun ca cc cp Br2/2Br- , Fe3+/fe2+ , Cu2+/Cu, MnO4-/Mn2+ , Sn4+/Sn2+ ln lt bng
1,07V ; 0,77v ; 0,34V ; 1,52V ; 0,15V. Brom c th oxy ha c:
a) Fe2+ ln Fe3+
b) Fe2+ ln Fe3+ v Sn2+ ln Sn4+
2+
4+
c) Sn ln Sn
d) Fe2+ ln Fe3+ , Sn2+ ln Sn4+ v Cu ln Cu2+
16.19 Cho hai pin c k hiu v sc in ng tng ng:
E1 = 0,63V
(-)ZnZn2+Pb2+Pb(+)
2+
2+
E2 = 0,47V
(-)PbPb Cu Cu(+)
2+
Vy sc in ng ca pin (-)ZnZn Cu2+Cu(+) s l:
a) 1,1V
b) 1,1V
c) 1,1V
d) 0,16V
16.20 Chn p n ng:
Cho th kh tiu chun ca cc bn phn ng sau:
Fe3+ + e = Fe2+
o = 0,77 V
o
I2 + 2e = 2I
= 0, 54 V
Phn ng: 2 Fe2+ + I2 = 2 Fe3+ + 2 I- c c im:
a) Eo = -0,23 V; phn ng khng th xy ra t pht.
b) Eo = -1,00 V; phn ng khng th xy ra t pht.
c) Eo = 1,00 V; phn ng c th xy ra t pht.
d) Eo = 0,23 V; phn ng c th xy ra t pht.
16.21 Bit sc in ng ca hai nguyn t ganvanic sau y iu kin tiu chun:
Eo = 0,637V
(-) Zn (r) Zn2+ (dd) Pb2+ (dd) Pb (r) (+)
Eo = 0,925V
(-) Pb (r) Pb2+ (dd) Ag2+ (dd) Ag (r) (+)
Trong cc gi tr di y, gi tr no ng vi sc in ng ca nguyn t ganvanic sau iu kin
tiu chun:
Eo = ?
(-) Zn (r) Zn2+ (dd) Ag+ (dd) Ag (r) (+)
a) 1,562V
b) -1,562V
c) -0,288V
d) 0,288V
16.22 H tan Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 lng. Phn ng xy ra mnh lit nht trong dung dch:
a) Ch c axit sunfuric tinh khit.
b) C mt ion Ag+.
c) C mt ion Mg2+.
d) C mt ion Al3+.
16.23 Tnh th kh tiu chun ca Cu2+/Cu+ (1) khi c mt ion I- v th kh tiu chun ca Fe3+/Fe2+
khi c mt ion OH-. Cho bit th kh tiu chun ca Cu2+/Cu+ v Fe3+/Fe2+ ln lt l: 0,153V v
0,77V. Tch s tan ca CuI, Fe(OH)3 v Fe(OH)2 ln lt l: 1.10-11,96, 1.10-37,5 v 1.10-15,0
a) (1) 0,859V , (2) 0,558V
b) (1) 0,859V , (2) 0,558V
d) (1) 0,43V, (2) 0,279V
c) Khng tnh c v khng bit nng ca I- v OH16.24 Cho o (Sn4+/Sn2+) = 0,15 V. Xc nh gi tr ca t l [Sn4+]/ [Sn2+] th ca in cc ny bng
0,169 V. Ly (2,303 RT / F) = 0,059.
48
a) 4,41
b) 2,00
c) 2,49
d) 3,5
in phn
16.25 Khi in phn mt dung dch nc cha ng thi cc mui NaCl v Na2SO4 bng in cc
khng ha tan, qu trnh in phn anod xy ra ln lt theo th t:
a) Cl- , H2O, SO42b) Cl- , H2O , SO42c) Cl- , SO42-, H2O
d) H2O , Cl- , SO422+
+
16.26 in phn dung dch CuSO4 trong nc, in cc tr vi [Cu ] = [H ]. Chn pht biu chnh
xc nht. Nu b qua hin tng qu th th c th ni rng:
a) catod u tin Cu kt ta ra,khi nng Cu2+ gim n mt nng no th c
thm H2 bay ra; anod c O2 bay ra.
b) catod ng thi c Cu kt ta v H2 bay ra; anod c O2 bay ra.
c) catod u tin Cu kt ta ra, khi nng Cu2+ gim n mt nng no th c
thm H2 bay ra; anod c O2 bay ra do s phng in ca SO42-.
d) catod c Cu kt ta ra, khi ht Cu2+ trong dung dch th c H2 bay ra; anod c O2 tht
ra.
16.27 Khi in phn mt dung dch nc cha ng thi cc mui NaCl v Na2SO4 bng in cc
khng ha tan, qu trnh in phn anod xy ra theo th t:
a) SO42- , Cl- , H2O.
b) Cl- , H2O , SO42c) Cl- , SO42-, H2O
d) H2O , Cl- , SO4216.28 Khi in phn dung dch NaCl , in cc tr , c mng ngn, catod to thnh :
a) NaOCl v kh Cl2
b) NaOH v kh H2
c) NaOCl v kh H2
d) NaOH v kh Cl2
Bng cc hng s in ly v tch s tan ca mt s cht
Hp cht
pKA
pKB
pT
axit
H2CO3
PK1 = 6,35
pK2 = 10,33
CH3COOH
4,76
HCN
9,21
H3PO4
pK1 =2,12
pK2 = 7,21
pK3 = 12,38
HClO4
Axit mnh
H2S
pK1 = 7,2
pK2 = 14
H2SO4
pK2 = 1,94
Baz & baz t tan
NaOH
-0,77
Ba(OH)2
pK2 = 0,64
NH3.H2O
4,755
Fe(OH)3
pK2 = 10,74
(Fe3+,3OH-) 37,50
pK3 = 11,87
(FeOH2+,2OH-)
25,70
(Fe(OH)2+,OH-)
16,40
Ag2O
2,30 (AgOH)
(Ag+ , OH-) 7,8
Al(OH)3
pK3 = 8,86
(Al3+, 3OH-) 32,0
(AlOH2+, 2OH-) 23,0
Fe(OH)2
pK2 = 3,89
(Fe2+ , 2OH-) 15,0
(FeOH+, OH-) 9,3
Cu(OH)2
pK2 = 6,47
(Cu2+, 2OH-) 19,66
49
Mg(OH)2
pK2 = 2,6
Ca(OH)2
pKB2 = 1,40
(CuOH+, OH-) 12,66

(Mg2+,2OH-) 10,74
(MgOH+, OH-) 6,64
(Ca2+,2OH-) 5,26
(CaOH+,OH-) 3,86
Hp cht ion t tan

AgCl
AgI
BaSO4
BaCO3
CuI
Ag2CrO4
CaSO4
Ca3(PO4)3
CaHPO4
Ca(H2PO4)2
NiS()
CuI
Phc cht
[Ni(CN)4]2-
9,75
16,08
9,97
8,29
11,96
11,95
5,04
28,7
6,57 (Ca2+, HPO42-)
3 (Ca2+, 2H2PO4-)
19
11,96
Kkb
31
P N PHN 3 : L THUYT V DUNG DCH. PHN NG TRAO I ION

V PHN NG OXY HA KH TRONG DUNG DCH
Cu
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
p n
d
b
c
b
a
d
d
d
d
Cu
11.11 11.12 11.13 11.14 11.15 11.16 11.17 11.18 11.19
p n
a
a
a
d
c
b
a
c
d
Cu
11.21 11.22 11.23 11.24 11.25 11.26 11.27 11.28 11.29
p n
a
c
d
b
a
d
d
a
a
Cu
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.9
p n
a
a
d
a
d
a
d
c
b
Cu
12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 12.16 12.17
p n
a
b
d
d
c
a
a
Cu
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
p n
c
d
d
a
b
c
d
a
b
Cu
13.11 13.12 13.13 13.14 13.15 13.16 13.17 13.18 13.19
p n
b
b
b
b
c
b
b
d
c
Cu
13.21 13.22 13.23 13.24 13.25 13.26 13.27
p n
d
c
d
a
b
c
a
Cu
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
p n
a
d
c
a
b
b
c
b
b
Cu
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
50
11.10
c
11.20
a
12.10
b
13.10
d
13.20
a
14.10
a
15.10
p
Cu
p
Cu
p
Cu
p
Cu
p
n
n
n
n
n
a
15.11
a
16.1
a
16.11
a
16.21
a
d
15.12
a
16.2
a
16.12
b
16.22
b
d
15.13
d
16.3
b
16.13
d
16.23
a
d
15.14
a
16.4
a
16.14
b
16.24
a
a
15.15
b
16.5
b
16.15
c
16.25
b
51
b
15.16
b
16.6
a
16.16
d
16.26
a
b
15.17
d
16.7
c
16.17
b
16.27
b
16.8
c
16.18
d
16.28
b
16.9
b
16.19
b
16.10
b
16.20
a

bài tập trắc nghiệm hóa đại cương

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

bài tập trắc nghiệm hóa đại cương

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA THNH PH H CH MINH

KHOA CNG NGH HA HC V DU KH

Bi 1.3: Da vo trt t phn b cc mc nng lng cho bit cu to lp v electron nguyn t ca cc

1) ng v gm cc nguyn t c cng bc s nguyn t (Z) nhng c s khc nhau v s khi lng

2.13 Chn pht biu sai:

2.20 Nhng b ba s lng t no di y l nhng b c chp nhn:

2.34 Cc electron c cng s lng t chnh chu tc dng chn yu nht l:

3.26 Chn pht biu ng:

a) S ocbitan nguyn t ha tr.

4) Cc orbital phn t c to thnh do s t hp tuyn tnh cc orbital nguyn t, s MO to thnh

4.32 Chn trng hp ng:

4.39 Hy sp xp cc phn t sau y theo chiu tng dn b phn cc ca ion m:

4.53 Chn pht biu sai:

1) Lin kt cng ha tr l lin kt mnh nht do n to ra c cc hp cht c cng cao nht

d) Lin kt kim loi.

4.63 Chn cu sai:

3) Do c lin kt hydro nn nc c cu trc c bit, tng i xp nn t khi nh, nn nc

PHN 2: L THUYT DIN RA CC QU TRNH HA HC

p s : -6,57 kcal ; -12,13 kcal v 18,70 kcal

a) Nguyn l I nhit ng hc thc cht l nh lut bo tn nng lng.

6.6 Chn qu trnh ng:

c) Khng trao i cng

6.14 Chn pht biu chnh xc ca nh lut Hess

d) Hiu ng nhit ng p hay ng tch ca qu trnh ha hc ch ph thuc vo bn cht v trng thi

6.23 Hiu ng nhit ca mt phn ng bng:

a) Tng nhit to thnh sn phm tr tng nhit to thnh cc cht u.

b) Nhit to thnh tiu chun ca nc lng l 245,17kJ/mol.

(1) 2SO2(k) + O2(k) = 2SO3(k)

CHNG 7: TH NG P V CHIU CA CC QU TRNH HA HC

c) Entropi khng thay i.

a) S ging nhau cho c 5 ng.

7.9 Trong cc phn ng sau:

7.2 Th ng p . Chiu ca cc qu trnh ha hc.

7.19 Chn cu tr li ng.

c hng s cn bng Kc. Chn pht

8.11 Chn pht biu ng:

H2O (k) c Go298 = -54,64 kcal.

Tnh Kp iu kin tiu chun. Cho R = 1,987 cal/mol.K

8.13 Chn pht biu ng trong nhng pht biu sau y:

Suy ra hng s cn bng ca phn ng thy phn CH3COOC2H5 l:

thu c nhiu NO ta c th dng cc bin php :

8.26 Cho cc phn ng:

Ngi ta cho rng phn ng tri qua hai bc s cp:

10.5 Phn ng 2A + 2B + C D + E c cc c im sau :

Vit biu thc tc phn ng.

10.7 Mt phn ng A + 2B = C bc 1 i vi [A] v bc 1 i vi [B], c thc hin nhit

a) Tn sut va chm gia cc tiu phn tng.

c) ch yu l lm tng s ln va chm gia cc phn t.

tng tc ca phn ng d pha c s tham gia ca cht rn ta c th dng nhng bin

P N PHN 2: L THUYT DIN RA CC QU TRNH HA HC

PHN 3 : L THUYT V DUNG DCH. PHN NG TRAO I ION

11.11 Chn pht biu ng:

b) 0,03<<0,3 nng dung dch bng 1 N

c) Nhit ng c cao hn, p sut hi bo ha cao hn.

12.13 Chn cc cu sai:

3) NH4Cl & NH3

2) H m baz c to r a t dung dch baz yu v mui ca n vi mt axit yu.

2) Rt 50 ml dung dch CH3COOH 0,15N vo 50ml dung dch NaOH 0,1N

16.1 Cho phn ng oxy ha kh:

b) Sc in ng gim khi pha lng dung dch in cc (2)

16.17 Cho cc th kh tiu chun:

(CuOH+, OH-) 12,66

Hp cht ion t tan

P N PHN 3 : L THUYT V DUNG DCH. PHN NG TRAO I ION