RNO Analysis Mate V1

RNO Analysis Mate
RNO Mate
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
NO Analysis Mate
Developed By: Manik Kapoor
Contact: Maanikkapoor@Outlook.Com
RNO Mate
3G Congestion HW
Channel Element
3G Events
CQI
Cpich Power
F1 F2 Layering Policy
GSM DCS Traffic Sharing
Handover 2G
2G Cell Reselection
Frequency Hopping Parameters
2G Congestion
2G Handover Problem
2G Call Drop
2G Power Control
2G DCR HW Parameter
Counter Relationship HW
3G Congestion NSN
Congestion Huawei 2G
Congestion Nokia 2G
Congestion Siemens 2G
Events Preventive
3G Huawei RTWP
3G Huawei-HSDPA & HSUPA
Click to return to main page

Case
CE Blocking/CE High Util
1st Action
Verify CE license and CE board capability.
Commands involved : DSP LICENSE, DSP
BBPTC
Iub Blocking/Iub High Util
Verify Iub BW setting in Node-B and in RNC.

Sets involved : IPPATH, IPLOGICPORT
DL- Power Blocking/DL - Power High Util
Physical Audit
UL- Power Blocking
Physical Audit
Code Blocking
Physical Audit
2nd Action
3rd Action
Physical Audit
CE license and/or board upgrade
Physical Audit
Iub BW upgrade
Modify DL CAC parameters set to

higher value. Parameters involved :
Activate 40W, maintain existing PCPICH
DLCONVAMRTHD,
setting
DLCONVNONAMRTHD, DLOTHERTHD,
DLHOTHD, DLCELLTOTALTHD
Increase ULTOTALEQUSERNUM (e.g from Turn-off NBMULCACALGOSELSWITCH
160 to 180)
(set to ALGORITHM_OFF)
Modify DLHOCECODERESVSF to lower
SF (e.g from SF32 to SF 64)
Reduce HSPDSCHMINCODENUM (e.g

from 5 to 4)
4th Action
Modify LDR threshold. Sets involved :
UCELLLDM, UCELLLDR
Modify FTI to reduce Active Factor. Sets
involved : TRMFACTOR, ADJMAP,
ADJNODE
Reduce HSSCCHCODENUM (e.g from 4

to 3)
Channel Element (CE) Resource

CE resources are a type of NodeB hardwareresource. The number of CEs supported bysingleNodeB indic
The more CEs a NodeB supports, the more powerful the channel demodulation and service processing capa
different numbers of CEs to ensure proper channel demodulation.
In a RAN, CE resources are managed by both the RNC and NodeB.The NodeB reports its CE capacity to the R
the number of CEs that need to be consumed and controls CE resources during CE congestion. This ensure
CE resources and rapidly adjusts the number of CEs that can be consumed based on the actual service rate.
A proper use of CE resources increases the number of UEs that can be admitted and improves the service qu
BasicChannel ElementConcepts
CE is a basic unit that measures the channel demodulation capabilities of a NodeB. CEs are classified into up
One UL CE needs to be consumed by a UL 12.2 kbit/s voice service (SF = 64) plus 3.4 kbit/s signaling.
One DL CE needs to be consumed by a DL 12.2 kbit/s voice service (SF = 128) plus 3.4 kbit/s signaling.
If only 3.4 kbit/s signaling traffic is carried on a DCH or HSPA channel, one CE still needs to be consumed.
types can be calculated by analogy.
The number of UL and DL CEs supported by a NodeB is determined by the NodeB hardware capabilities and
by the NodeB hardware is called the physical CE capacity. The licensed CE capacity may differ from the ph
can be used by an operator.
CE is a concept of the NodeB side. On the RNC side, it is called NodeB credit. The RNC performs admission
number of Node credit resources is twice that of CEs. In the DL, the number of NodeB credit resources equals
CE Sharing in a Resource Group
To facilitate baseband resource management, NodeB baseband resources fall into UL and DL resource groups
UL Resource Group
UL resource group is a UL resource pool shared on a per-channel basis, more than one cell can be setup in
baseband boards, but one board can belong to only one UL resource group. CE resources in one UL resource
cell in a UL resource group can set up services on any board in the group. The physical CE capacity of a UL
group.
DL Resource Group
Different from a UL resource group, a DL resource group is shared on a per-cell basis.Resources in a DL re
one board can be configured to multiple DL resource groups. DL CE resources for UEs in the same cell can
resources in one DL resource group can be shared only within a baseband board.
NodeB CE Capacity Specifications

Typically different baseband boards of a NodeB have their own CE capacity specifications. Forexampled,
baseband board, see the BBU3900 Hardware Description product by Huawei
CE capacity here refers to the number of CEs that can be consumed by UL and DL R99 services and HSUPA s
common and HSDPA channels.
Rules for Calculating CE Consumption

The RNC determines the number of CEs required for a service based on the SF that matches the service ra
resources must be allocated or taken back and the number of CEs must be deducted or added accordingl
channels or services of different types.
CE resources reserved by the NodeB for common and HSDPA channels are shown in gray.
CE resources that need to be consumed by R99 and HSUPA services are shown in pink.
Common ChannelsCE Consumption

CE resources required on the UL and DL common channels are reserved by the NodeB. Therefore, they do
considered in the calculation of CE consumption.
HSDPA ChannelsCE Consumption

Similarly, the NodeB reserves CE resources for the high-speed downlink shared channel (HS-DSCH) and the
need to be considered in the calculation of CE consumption.
Note that the signaling of an HSDPA UE that is not performing an R99 service occupies one DCH and needs
the signaling of an HSDPA service does not consume additional CE resources. For an HSDPA UE that is perfo
same DCH. Therefore, only the CEs consumed on R99 traffic channels need to be calculated.
R99 ServiceCE Consumption

For an R99 service, the RNC determines the number of CEs and NodeB credit resources that need to be cons
the service.
Direction
UL
DL
HSUPA ServiceCE Consumption

For an HSUPA service, the RNC determines the number of CEs and NodeB credit resources that need to be
determines the SF based on a certain rate in the following ways:
If the UL enhanced L2 function is disabled and the NodeB indicates in a private information element (IE) th
the RNC calculates the SF based on the larger of the bit rate of one RLC PDU and the guaranteed bit rate (GB
If the UL enhanced L2 function is disabled, the RLC PDU size is fixed. The bit rate of one RLC PDU is determin
If the UL enhanced L2 function is enabled and the NodeB indicates in a private IE that dynamic CE resource
SF based on the larger of the bit rate of the smallest RLC PDU and the GBR.
If the UL enhanced L2 function is enabled, the RLC PDU size is flexible. The bit rate of the smallest RLC P
minimum RLC PDU size can be specified by the RlcPduMaxSizeForUlL2Enhance parameter.
If the NodeB reports that dynamic CE resource management has been disabled, the RNC calculates the SF ba
If the NodeB does not report whether dynamic CE resource management has been enabled, the RNC calcu
parameter and whether the UL enhanced L2 function is enabled.
If HsupaCeConsumeSelection is set to MBR, the RNC calculates the SF based on the MBR.
If HsupaCeConsumeSelection is set to GBR:
If the UL enhanced L2 function is disabled, the RNC calculates the SF based on the larger of the bit rate of on
If the UL enhanced L2 function is enabled, the RNC calculates the SF based on the larger of the bit rate of the
After determining the SF, the RNC searches the CE consumption mapping listed below
Direction
UL
CE Consumption of 4-Way Receive Diversity

The use of 4-way receive diversity does not affect DL CE consumption but doubles UL CE consumption. The
UL CE consumption of a resource group doubles if the resource group is configured with 4-way receive
unchanged.
examples of CE Consumption
UE A, which performs a UL 64 kbit/s and DL 384 kbit/s service on the DCH, consumes three UL CEs and eight
UE B, which performs a UL 64 kbit/s and DL 1024 kbit/s service on the DCH and HS-DSCH respectively, con
(SRB) is carried on the DCH.
UE C, which performs a UL 608 kbit/s and DL 1024 kbit/s service on the E-DCH and HS-DSCH respectively
nine UL CEs and one DL CE.
Rate (kbit/s)
SF
Number of CEs
Consumed
Corresponding
Credits Consumed
3.4
13.6
8
16
32
64
128
144
256
384
3.4
13.6
8
16
32
64
128
144
256
384
256
64
64
64
32
16
8
8
4
4
256
128
128
128
64
32
16
16
8
8
1
1
1
1
1.5
3
5
5
10
10
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
4
8
8
2
2
2
2
3
6
10
10
20
20
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
4
8
8
Rate (kbit/s)
8
16
32
64
128
144
256
384
608
1450
SF
64
64
32
32
16
16
8
4
4
2SF4
Number of CEs
Consumed
1
1
1
1
2
2
4
8
8
16
Corresponding
Credits Consumed
2
2
2
2
4
4
8
16
16
32
2048
2890
5760
2SF2
2SF2
2SF2+2
SF4
32
32
48
64
64
96

Event Name
event 1A
event 1B
event 1C
event 1D
event 1E
event 1F
event 1G
event 1H
event 1I
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
2a
2b
2c
2d
2e
2f
Event
Event
Event
Event
3a
3b
3c
3d
event 4 A
event 4 B
event 5A
event
event
event
event
event
event
event
6A
6B
6C
6D
6E
6F
6G
Event 7a
Event 7b
Event 7c
A Primary CPICH enters the reporting range; addition of a radio link.

A primary CPICH leaves the reporting range; removal of a radio link.
A non-active primary CPICH becomes better than an active primary CPICH; replacement of the wor
Change of best cell
A Primary CPICH becomes better than an absolute threshold
A Primary CPICH becomes worse than an absolute threshold
Change of best cell (TDD)
Timeslot ISCP below a certain threshold (TDD)
Timeslot ISCP above a certain threshold (TDD)
Change of best frequency

The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is below a certain threshold and the estimat
The estimated quality of a non-used frequency is above a certain threshold
The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is below a certain threshold; start compress
The estimated quality of a non-used frequency is below a certain threshold
The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is above a certain threshold; stop compress
The estimated quality of the currently used UTRAN frequency is below a certain threshold and the
The estimated quality of other system is below a certain threshold
The estimated quality of other system is above a certain threshold
Change of best cell in other system
Transport Channel Traffic Volume becomes larger than an absolute threshold
Transport Channel Traffic Volume becomes smaller than an absolute threshold
A predefined number of bad CRCs is exceeded
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
UE
UE
UE
UE
UE
UE
UE
Tx power becomes larger than an absolute threshold; start compressed mode

Tx power becomes less than an absolute threshold; stop compressed mode
Tx power reaches its minimum value
Tx power reaches its maximum value
RSSI reaches the UE's dynamic receiver range
Rx-Tx time difference for a RL included in the active set becomes larger than an absolute t
Rx-Tx time difference for a RL included in the active set becomes less than an absolute thr
The UE position changes more than an absolute threshold

SFN-SFN measurement changes more than an absolute threshold
GPS time and SFN time have drifted apart more than an absolute threshold
CQI stands for Channel Quality Indicator. As the name implies, it is an indicator carrying the inf
quality is. This CQI is for HSDPA.
CQI is the information that UE sends to the network and practically it implies the following two
i) Current CommunicationChannel Quality is this-and-that..
ii) I (UE) wants to get the data with this-and-that transport block size, which in turn can be directly converted
In HSDPA, the CQI value ranges from 0 ~ 30. 30 indicates the best channel quality and 0,1 indicates the poor
network transmit data with different transport block size. If network gets high CQI value from UE, it transmit
What if network sends a large transport block even though UE reports low CQI, it is highly probable that UE fa
NACK to network and the network have to retransmit it which in turn cause waste of radio resources.
What if UE report high CQI even when the real channel quality is poor ? In this case, network would send a la
would become highly probable that UE failed to decode it (cause CRC error on UE side) and UE send NACK to
cause waste of radio resources.
How UE can measure CQI ? This is the most unclear topic to me. As far as I know, there is no exp
which the CQI is calculated, but it is pretty obvious that the following factors play important role
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR)
signal-to-noise plus distortion ratio (SNDR)
It is not defined in the specification onhow these factors are used and whether there is any other factors bei
Usually at chipset development stage, they do a lot of testing to correlate the measured SNR and the measu
equation) for the correlation. And the mapping table (function) would eventually used to determine CQI value
In LTE, there are 15 different CQI values randing from 1 to 15 and mapping between CQI and mod
follows (36.213)
If you are an engineer in Network (eNodeB) programming, you need to know the number of resource blocks a
CQI
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Note 1 : Refer toThroughtput Calculation Examplefor determining N_RB, MCS, TBS determination.
Note 2 : REs/PRB varies depending on CFI value as follows.

CFI
1
2
3
Note 3 : I used the following formula explained inCode Ratesection.
v_CodingRate := (int2float(p_TBSize + 24)) / (int2float(p_N_PRB * tsc_REs_Per_PRB * v_BitsPerSymbol));
CQI is carried by PUCCH or PUSCH depending on the situation as follows.

Carried by PUCCH : Periodic CQI
Carried by PUSCH : Aperiodic CQI.
Regarding CQI report period and configuration, refer toCQI, PMI, RI Reporting Configurationpart.
< Two Important CQI Table >
We have two different tables as shown below defined in 36.213. Now the question is in which situation the fir
second table(Table 7.2-1) is used). Overall story is described in 36.213 section 7.2, I will just re-organize thos
The table shown above is used in following situation. In this table, 4 bit is used to indicate each CQI value.
1) For transmission modes 1, 2, 3 and 5, as well as transmission modes 8,9 and 10 without PMI/RI report
8, 9 and 10 with PMI/RI reporting and RI=1
2) For RI > 1 with transmission mode 4, as well as transmission modes 8, 9 and 10 with PMI/RI reporting,
bit CQI (16 different value) is reported for each Codeword (CW0 and CW1).
Following is another table that is used for CQI report, but this is not the absolute value. It is a different value
defined ? It is defined as follows :
Codeword 1 offset level = wideband CQI index for codeword 0 wideband CQI index for codeword 1.
This table is used in following case :
1) For RI > 1 with transmission mode 4, as well as transmission modes 8, 9 and 10 with PMI/RI reporting,
CQI for codeword 0 according to Table 7.2.3-1 and a wideband spatial differential CQI
Modulation
QPSK
QPSK
QPSK
QPSK
QPSK
QPSK
16QAM
16QAM
16QAM
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
Bits/Symbol
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
4
6
6
6
6
6
6
REs/PRB
138
138
138
138
138
138
138
138
138
138
138
138
138
138
138
N_RB
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
MCS
0
0
2
5
7
9
12
14
16
20
23
25
27
28
28
TBS
536
536
872
1736
2417
3112
4008
5160
6200
7992
9912
11448
12576
14688
14688
REs/PRB
150
138
126
Code Rate
0.101449
0.101449
0.162319
0.318841
0.44221
0.568116
0.365217
0.469565
0.563768
0.484058
0.6
0.692754
0.76087
0.888406
0.888406
CPICH power typically takes about 8~10% of the total NodeB power. For a 20W (43dBm) NodeB,
In urban areas where in-building coverage is taken care of by in-building installations,theCPICHm
1) The coverage area is small since users are close to the site, and
2) More power can be allocated to traffic channels
For traffic balancing using HODCS - DCS / GSM- GSM : means same layer, youcan using PBGT HO parameterDCS - GSM
yourreference)or you may set CRO forDCS bigger than GSM to attract more traffic toDCS and reduce ping-pong HO,or y
attachment._____________The same layer of Cell, you canoptimize with PBGT HO Threshold, CRO or load handover supp
Inter-Layer HO Threshold:30
Inter-Layer HO Hysteresis:31
EDGE DL HO Threshold:25
When G18 stand for Serving Cell-RxLev of GSM1800 lower than-83dBm will HO to GSM900 trigger byEDGE HO=-85dBm2
HO.Depending on your settings, retuning some parameters among the below listed mayhelp you achieve the desired Tr
Inter-layer HO ThresholdREXLEV_ACCESS_MINTch Traffic busy Threshold(%)AMR TCH/H Prior Cell Load ThresholdEdge HO
RX_LEV Upper ThresholdAMR UL RX_LEV Lower ThresholdDL RX_LEV Upper ThresholdDL RX_LEV Lower ThresholdUL RX_L
CRO
Load HO Allowed
Load HO Threshold
REXLEV_ACCESS_MIN
Tch Traffic busy Threshold(%)
AMR TCH/H Prior Cell Load Threshold
Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold
Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold
AMR DL RX_LEV Upper Threshold
AMR DL RX_LEV Lower Threshold
AMR UL RX_LEV Upper Threshold
AMR UL RX_LEV Lower Threshold
DL RX_LEV Upper Threshold
DL RX_LEV Lower Threshold
UL RX_LEV Upper Threshold
UL RX_LEV Lower Threshold
UL Expected Level at HO Access
Handover and Related Parameters

4.8.1PBGT Handover Threshold (HoMargin)
I.Definition
The PBGT handover threshold is power handover tolerance (handover in serving areas).
handover occurs. Complex radio propagation conditions cause fluctuation of signal level
handover threshold is similar to HO_MARGIN (GSM 05.08).
II.Format
The PBGT handover threshold ranges from 0 to 127, corresponding to 64 dB to +63 dB. T
72.
III.Configuration and Influence
The PBGT handover threshold aims to adjust handover difficulty properly, and to avoid p
less efficient. When it is smaller than 64, the MS hands over from the serving cell to the
4.8.2Minimum Downlink Power of Handover Candidate Cells (rxLevMinCell)

I.Definition
It is the minimum allowed access level for a cell to be a neighbor cell. When the cell lev
list for handover judgment.
II.Format
It ranges from 110 dBm to 47 dBm.
It is helpful in the following two aspects:
lIt
guarantees communication quality.
For a common single layer network structure, the value ranges from 90 dBm
lIt
helps allocate traffic between cells averagely.
Especially in multi-layer network structure, to maintain MS in a network lay

decrease that in other cells.
IV.Precautions
You cannot configure rxLevMinCell over great (over 65 dBm) or over small (lower than
4.8.3Handover Threshold at Uplink Edge

I.Definition
If the uplink received level keeps being smaller than the handover threshold at uplink ed
II.Format
It ranges from 0 to 63, corresponding to 110 dBm to 47 dBm. The recommended values
lConfigure
it to 25 in urban areas without PBGT handover.
lConfigure
it to 20 in single site of suburban areas.
lConfigure
it to 20 in urban areas with PBGT handover
When PBGT handover is enabled, the corresponding edge handover threshold can be low
artificial cross-cell non-handover occurs. Therefore call drop occurs or intra-frequency a
4.8.4Handover Threshold at Downlink Edge

I.Definition
If the downlink received level keeps being smaller than the handover threshold at down
II.Format
It ranges from 0 to 63, corresponding to 110 dBm to 47 dBm. The recommended values
lConfigure
it to 30 in urban areas without PBGT handover.
lConfigure
it to 25 in single site of suburban areas.
lConfigure
it to 25 in urban areas with PBGT handover
When PBGT handover is enabled, the corresponding edge handover threshold can be low
artificial cross-cell non-handover occurs. Therefore call drop occurs or intra-frequency a
4.8.5Downlink Quality Restriction of Emergency Handover

I.Definition
If the downlink received quality is lower than the threshold of downlink quality restricti
II.Format
It ranges from 0 to 70, corresponding to RQ (QoS 0 to 7) x 10.
The recommended value is 50.
When frequency hopping is enabled, the voice quality is better with the same RQ, you c
occurs first. If there are no other candidate cells, and the intracell handover is enabled,
4.8.6Uplink Quality Restriction of Emergency Handover

I.Definition
If the uplink received quality is lower than it, quality difference emergency handover is
II.Format
occurs first. If there are no other candidate cells, and the intracell handover is enabled,
4.8.7Uplink Quality Threshold of Interference Handover

I.Definition
It is the uplink received quality threshold of the serving cell that triggers interference h
lThe
uplink received level is higher than the uplink received power thr
lThe
uplink received quality is lower than the uplink quality threshold
When handover switch is enabled, the interference handover occurs within the cell by p
II.Format
according to the sorted result. If the serving cell ranks first and its intracell handover is
4.8.8Downlink Quality Threshold of Interference Handover

I.Definition
It is the downlink received quality threshold of the serving cell that triggers interference
lThe
downlink received level is higher than the downlink received pow
lThe
downlink received quality is lower than the downlink quality thres
II.Format
according to the sorted result. If the serving cell ranks first and its intracell handover is
IV.Precautions
The interference handover quality must be better than emergency handover quality.
4.8.9Uplink Received Power Threshold of Interference Handover

I.Definition
If interference handover occurs due to uplink quality, the serving cell must reach the mi
interfered, so interference handover is triggered.
The interference handover is triggered if all the following conditions are met:
lThe
uplink received level is higher than the uplink received power thr
lThe
uplink received quality is lower than the uplink quality threshold
II.Format
It ranges from 0 to 63, corresponding to 110 dBm to 47 dBm.
III.Configurationa and Influence
When interference handover is triggered, select the candidates according to the sorted
the serving cell; otherwise it selects the second candidate cell.
4.8.10Downlink Received Power Threshold of Interference Handover

I.Definition
If interference handover occurs due to uplink quality, the serving cell must reach the mi
is interfered, so interference handover is triggered.
The interference handover is triggered if all the following conditions are met:
lThe
downlink received level is higher than the downlink received pow
lThe
downlink received quality is lower than the downlink quality thres
II.Format
It ranges from 0 to 63, corresponding to 110 dBm to 47 dBm.
When interference handover is triggered, select the candidates according to the sorted
the serving cell; otherwise it selects the second candidate cell.
4.8.11Maximum Repeated Times of Physical Messages (NY1)

I.Definition
In asynchronous handover process of GSM system, when the MS receives handover messa
network receives the message, it does as follows:
1)Calculate related RF features.

2)Send physical messages (it the channel messages are encrypted, start
3)Start timer T3105.
If the network does not receive correct layer 2 frames sent by MS until expiration of T31
for resending physical messages is determined by the parameter maximum repeated tim
II.Format
NY1 ranges from 0 to 254.
When the network receives the handover access messages sent by MS, the physical chan
guaranteed, the MS can receive physical messages correctly and send layer 2 frames to t
If the physical messages are sent multiple times, and the network cannot receive layer 2
after multiple trials, the communication quality is not guaranteed. This lowers the utiliz
IV.Precautions
Configuring NY1 is affected by T3105. If T3105 is configured to a short value, then the N
If a handover trial fails before the original cell receives the HANDOVER FAILURE message
FAILURE INDICATION message to the target BSC. Though the MS might return to the origin
connection failure.
To avoid the previous phenomenon, configure T3105 as follows:
Ny * T3105 > T3124 + delta (delta: the time between expiration of T3124 and receiving H
4.8.12Multiband Indicator (multiband_reporting)

I.Definition
In a single band GSM network, when the MS send measurement reports of neighbor cells
signals.
In a multiband network, operators wish that MS uses a band by preference in cross-cell h

signal band. The parameter multiband indicator indicates MS to report content of multib
II.Format
The multiband indicator ranges from 0 to 3, with meanings as follows:
l0:
According to signal strength of neighbor cells, the MS must report si

with the neighbor cells in whatever band.
l1:
The MS must report the allowed measurement report of a neighbor

the serving cell. The MS must also report the neighbor cells of the band used
conditions of other neighbor cells in any band.
l2:
The MS must report the allowed measurement report of two neighb

by the serving cell. The MS must also report the neighbor cells of the band u
report conditions of other neighbor cells in any band.
MS must report the allowed measurement report of three neigh

by the serving cell. The MS must also report the neighbor cells of the band u
report conditions of other neighbor cells in any band.
l3:The
In multiband networks, it is related to traffic of each band. For configuration, refer to t

lIf
the traffic of each band is approximately equal, and operators do no
lIf
the traffic of each band is obviously different, and operators want M
lFor
situations between the previous two, configure multiband indicato
4.8.13Permitted Network Color Code (ncc permitted)

I.Definition
During a talk, the MS must report the measured signals of neighbor cells to the base stat
report the potential handover target neighbor cells, instead of reporting unselectively a
To enable previous functions, restrict MS to measure the cells with the fixed network co
by MS. The MS compares the measured NCC of neighbor cells and NCCs set allowed by pa
otherwise, the MS discard the measurement report.
II.Format
The parameter ncc permitted is a bit mapping value, consisting of 8 bits. The most signi
code 0 to 7 (see GSM regulations 03.03 and 04.08).
If the bit N is 0 (N ranges from 0 to 7), the MS needs not to measure the level of the cell
corresponding to bit number of 1 in NCC and ncc permitted configuration.
Each area is allocated with one or more NCCs. In the parameter ncc permitted of the ce
drop occur. For normal roaming between areas, the NCC of neighbor areas must be inclu
IV.Precautions
Improper configuration of the parameter causes normal handover and even call drop. Th
Serial Parameters of Cell Selection and Reselection

4.3.1cell_bar_access
I.Definition
In the SI broadcasted in each cell, a bit indicates whether the MS is allowed to access th
II.Format
The value of cell_bar_access includes 1 and 0. The value 0 indicates that MS is allowed t
from the cell. Actually whether to allow MS to access the network from the cell is deter
The cell_bar_access is configured by equipment room operators. Usually the MS is allow

the operators want some cell for handover service only, so cell_bar_access is configured
The MS usually works in microcells (you can configure the priority of cells and reselectio
over to the base station G. The signals of base station G are stronger than microcell bas
of microcell cells, the MS will not reselect a cell according to GSM regulations, therefore
The capacity of base station G is usually small, so the previous phenomenon leads to con
forbid MS directly accessing base station G. In area A, handover is allowed to base statio
IV.Precautions
The cell_bar_access is used only in some special areas. For common cells, it is configure
4.3.2cell_bar_qualify
I.Definition
The cell_bar_qualify determines the priority of cells, namely, it enables MS to select som
II.Format
The value of cell_bar_qualify includes 1 and 0. The cell_bar_qualify and cell_bar_access

Table 7-1 Cell priorities
cell_bar_qualify
An exception is that the cell selection priority and cell reselection state are normal whe
lThe
cell belongs to the PLMN which the MS belongs to.
lThe
MS is in cell test operation mode.
lThe
cell_bar_access is 1.
lThe
cell_bar_qualify is 0.
lThe
access control class 15 is disabled.
The priority of all the cells are usually configured tonormal, namely, cell_bar_qualify =
by preference. In this situation, the equipment room operators can configure the priorit
During cell selection, when the proper cells with normal as the priority is not present (p
cell is allowed to access), the MS will select cells with low priority.
IV.Precautions
Pay attention to the following aspects:
lWhen
cell priority is used as a method to optimize network, the cell_b

network by combining cell_bar_qualify and C2.
lDuring
cell selection, when the proper cells with normal as the priorit
normal priority is low, and cells with low priority and high level are present,
4.3.3Minimum Received Level Allowing MS to Access (RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN)

I.Definition
To avoid bad communication quality, call drop, and a waste of network radio resources d
MS accesses the network the received level must be greater than the threshold level, na
II.Format
The value range of RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN is from 110 dBm to 47 dBm.
The recommended RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN needs to be approximately equal to the receiving

traffic adjustment and network optimization.
For cells with over high traffic and severe congestion, you can increase RXLEV_ACCESS_M
must not configure RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN over great, because this might cause non-seamle
smaller than or equal to 90 dBm.
IV.Precautions
Except for areas of high density of base stations and of qualified coverage, adjusting cel
4.3.4Additional Reselection Parameter Indicator

I.Definition
The cell selection and reselection by MS depends on the parameters C1 and C2. Whethe
parameter indicator (ADDITIONAL RESELECT) informs MS of whether to use C2 in cell res
II.Format
ADDITIONAL RESELECT consists of 1 bit. In SI3, it is meaningless, and equipment manufac

lWhen
ADDITIONAL RESELECT is configured to N, the meaning is: if the

C2 and related cell reselection parameter PI.
lWhen
ADDITIONAL RESELECT is configured to Y, the meaning is that the

Cells seldom use SI7 and SI8, so you can configure ADDITIONAL RESELECT to N. When cel
RESELECT to Y.
4.3.5Cell Reselection Parameter Indicator

I.Definition
The cell reselection parameter indicator (CELL_RESELECT_PARAM_IND) is used in informi

II.Format
The value of CELL_RESELECT_PARAM_IND includes Y and N, with the meanings as follows

lY:
The MS must calculate C2 by abstracting parameters from SIs of cel
lN:
The MS must set C1 as the standard, namely, C2 = C1.
The equipment room operators determine the value of PI. Configure PI to Y if related ce
4.3.6Cell Reselection Offset, Temporary Offset, and Penalty Time

I.Definition
After the MS selects a cell, without great change of all the conditions, the MS will camp
lStarts
measuring signals level of BCCH carrier in neighbor cells.
lRecords
the 6 neighbor cells with greatest signal level.
lAbstract
various SI and control information of each neighbor cell from
When conditions are met, the MS hands over from the selected cell to another. This proc
lCell
priority
lWhether
lRadio
the cell is barred to access
channel level (important)
When the signal level of neighbor cells exceeds that of the serving cell, cell reselection
1)When PENELTY_TIME 11111:
C2 = C1 + CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET - TEMPORARY_OFFSET * H (PENALTY_TIME
Wherein, if PENALTY_TIME - T (x) < 0, the function H(x) = 0; if x 0, H(x) = 1

2)When PENELTY_TIME = 11111:
C2 = C1 - CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET
T is a timer, with 0 as the initial value. When a cell is listed by MS in the list of cells wit
list, the associated T is reset.
After cell reselection, the T of original cell works as PENALTY_TIME. Namely, temporary
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET (CRO) modifies cell reselecting time C2.
TEMPORARY_OFFSET (TO) is supplemented to C2from starting working of T to the prescr
PENALTY_TIME is the time for TEMPORARY_OFFSET having effect on C2. When PENALTY_T
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET, TEMPORARY_OFFSET, and PENALTY_TIME are cell reselection pa

lWhen
lIf
the cell reselection parameter PI is 1, the MS is informed of rec
PI is 0, the MS judges that the previous three parameters are 0, nam
If the C2 of a cell (in the same location area as the serving cell) calculated by MS is grea
cell.
If the C2 of a cell (in different location area as the serving cell) calculated by MS is grea
5s, the MS reselects to camp on the cell.
The interval between two reselections is at least 15s, and this avoids frequent cell resel
C2 is formed on the combination of C1 and artificial offset parameters. The artificial off
the network.
II.Format
1)The cell reselection offset (CRO) is in decimal, with unit of dB. It rang
2)The temporary offset (TO) is in decimal, with unit of dB. It ranges from
3)The penalty time (PT) is in decimal, with unit of second. It ranges from
the effect direction of C2 by CRO. The recommended value is 0.
The previous parameters can be adjusted accordingly in the following three situations:
1)When the communication quality is bad due to heavy traffic or other c

For this situation, configure PT to 31, so TO is ineffective. C2 = C1 CRO. Th
equipment room operators can configure CRO to a proper value according to
2)For cells with low traffic and equipment of low utilization, change the
dB according to the priority. The higher the priority is, the greater the CRO
reselection, the recommended value of PT is 20s or 40s.
3)For cell with average traffic, configure CRO to 0, PT to 11111 so that C

IV.Precautions
In whatever situations, the CRO must not be greater than 30 dB, because over great CRO
4.3.7Cell Reselection Hysteresis (CRH)

I.Definition
CRH affects cell reselection of cross location area. The MS starts cell reselection if the f
lThe
signal level of neighbor cell (in different location area) is greater
lThe
difference between the signal levels of the neighbor cell and the
The difference is based on the cell reselection methods used by MS. If the MS reselects a
II.Format
CRH is in decimal, with unit of dB. The range is 0 to 14, with step of 2 dB. The recomme
If the original cell and target cell belongs to different location areas, the MS must origin
channels, the C2 of two cells measured at the bordering area of neighbor cells fluctuate
rather short for location updating. The signal flow of network increases sharply, radio re
During location updating, the MS cannot respond to paging, so the connection rate decre
updating of cross location area is frequent, the cell reselection hysteresis is increased a
IV.Precautions
Do not configure CRH to 0 dB
cell_bar_access
Cell selection priority
Cell reselection state
0 Normal
Normal
1 Barred
Barred
0 Low
Normal
1 Low
Normal
Frequency Hopping Parameters

4.5.1Frequency Hopping Sequence Number
I.Definition
In a GSM network, the cell allocation (CA) means the set of carriers used by each cell, re
communication process, the set of carriers used by base station and MS is mobile allocat
Obviously MA is a subset of CA.
During a communication process, the air interface uses a carrier number, one element o
frequency hopping algorithm in GSM regulation 05.02, the MAI is the TDMA frame numbe
allocation index offset (MAIO).
Wherein, the HSN determines two aspects:
lTrack
lThe
of frequency points during frequency hopping
asynchronous neighbor cells using the same MA can avoid continuo
II.Format
HSN is in decimal, ranging from 0 to 63, wherein:
l0:
cyclic frequency hopping
l163:
pseudo frequency hopping
You can choose any HSN in cells using frequency hopping, but you must ensure that the c
In an 1X1 network, three cells under a base station use the same frequency group, but t
plan MAIO properly to avoid frequency collision of the three cells under the same base s
4.5.2Mobile Allocation
I.Definition
The mobile allocation (MA) in the GSM network indicates a frequency set for frequency h
performs transient in the set by MA according to rules.
The parameter MA determines all the elements in MA.
II.Format
MA is a set, with all GSM frequency points as its element, namely:
lFor
GSM900 networks: 1124 and 9751023.
lFor
GSM1800 networks: 512885

MA is configured according to network designing requirements.
IV.Precautions
Chinese GSM networks do not cover all available frequency bands of GSM system, so con
The number of elements in each MA set cannot exceed 63.
The MA cannot include BCCH carriers.
The number of MA must not be multiples of 13 if all the following conditions are met:
lUsing
lHSN
DTX
= 0 (cyclic frequency hopping)
You must avoid SACCH to appear usually at the same frequency point.
4.5.3Mobile Allocation Index Offset

I.Definition
During communication, the air interface uses a carrier frequency, one element of MA set
regulation 05.02, the MAI is the TDMA frame number (RN) or reduced frame number (RFN
initial offset of MAI, and it aims to avoid multiple channels to use the same frequency ca
II.Format
MAIO ranges from 0 to 63.
MAIO is configured by equipment room operators.
IV.Precautions
The different cells using same group of MA must use consistent MAIO.
Using different MAIOs enables different sectors in the same location to use the same fre
This section introduces the methods to handle SDCCH congestion and TCH cong
For this case, the real channels cannot be allocated to the MS, so the MS will fa
I.Congestion Problem Solutions
lCongestion caused by heavy traffic
You can check if the SDCCH traffic and TCH traffic are normal throug
the capacity of the network. In addition, you can adopt traffic sharin
lSDCCH congestion caused by burst traffic
If the SDCCH congestion rate is high and the traffic is heavy but the
railways and tunnel exits, because the BTSs are installed in remote p
of MSs failing to capture a network will perform location update, whi
also occur easily. SDCCH congestion cannot be completely avoided,
conversion between SDCCH and TCH.
lCongestion caused by TRX problems
When a carrier configured in a multi-TRX cell cannot provide services

problem cannot be positioned, you should check if the antenna feed
lCongestion caused by interference
The interference present across the radio interfaces will also cause c
lChannel assignment failure caused by inconsistent coverage
If the concentric technology is not used, the transmit power of the T
will easily occur. To position this problem, you can check if the conne
When a cell uses multiple transmitter antennas, inconsistent covera
transmitter antenna as consistent as possible through engineering a
In addition, if the transmitter antenna and the receiver antenna of a
case, you can calibrate the antennas to solve the problem.
lCongestion caused improper data configuration
If the congestion is caused by improper location area planning, you c
If the congestion is caused by the problems concerning SDCCH dyna
For dual-band network, you can properly set the parameters (such a
If the timers, such as T3101, T3103, T3107, T3122, T3212, and T311
Hereunder are the solutions to the previous problems.
You can ease the congestion caused by SDCCH dual allocation throu
time. To fully use the radio resources, therefore, you can reduce the
You can save the TCH resources through reducing the T3103 and T31
The T3122 must be stopped once the MS receives an IMMEDIATE AS
request messages frequently, the RACH load and CCCH load will incr
T3212 stands for the time limit value for periodical location update.
T3111 is related to release latency. It is used for the deactivation of
value of T3111 must be consistent with that of the T3110 at the MS
II.Congestion Cases
Case 1: SDCCH congestion caused by wrong LAC configuration
[Description]
A BTS is configured as S1/1/1. It is found that the SDCCH congestion rate for 2 c
[Problem analysis and solution]
1)Through checking the measurement indexes for TCH and SD
However, the requests for SDCCH seizure are great, reaching 3032 t
2)The main reasons for SDCCH seizure include the messages s
messages.
3)The TCH traffic is normal, the requests for TCH seizure (inclu
may be caused by a large number of location update messages or sh
4)The LAC of the BTS is 0500, and the LACs of other cells of th
busy hours were 298, the SDCCH traffic was 0.27Erl, and the conges
Case 2: SDCCH congestion caused by burst location updates
[Problem description]
The radio connected ratio of a local network is lower than average level. Accord
1)Through analyzing traffic statistics, engineers found that the
cell was configured with 8 SDCCHs. Therefore, the SDCCHs can be se
2)As far as the registered traffic statistics items were concerne
most of the BTSs were installed at the intersections of two railways.
3)To verify if it was the burst location update that caused the c
the five seconds. Through querying the train time table, engineers fo
location updates were generated in a short time. In this case, the co
Therefore, if the BTSs are installed at the railway intersections, you are suggest
Case 3: Great TCH congestion rate caused by the inconsistent tilt angl
It is found that the TCH congestion rate of a cell is great (greater than 5%) acco
1)Through checking BSC traffic statistics, engineers found that
2)Generally, TCH seizure failure is caused by TCH assignment f
No.5 TRX, and the probability for the assignment failure rate for the
3)Through checking the antenna feeder part, engineers found

antenna for BCCH, because the antenna nuts were found loosen. The
to the MS when the MS starts a call, the TCH seizure failure will occu
4)To solve the problem, you can enable the tilt angel of the TC
2% or lower.
Case 4: High TCH congestion rate caused by downlink interference
A cell of BTS is responsible for covering a large area of sea surface along the co
congestion of the cell reached 10% at some time. However, no alarm was gene
Because all the interference bands fell within the interference band1, the uplink
present along the coast, the probability for the channel numbers of the downlin
congestion rate was improved. Through further optimizing the channel numbers
caused by the downlink interference of some areas.
Ha
The MS is always moving during conversation. To ensure channel quality, the M

to the BSC through the service cell. The BSC will perform radio link control acco
replace the old cell to ensure the continuity of the service. The handover enable
I.Handover Problem Positioning Steps
1)Find out if the problem occurs at an individual cell or all cells
co-BSC cells, or if they are co-MSC cells.
If the handover between two cells fails, you should focus on checkin
If the problem is found in all the neighbor cells of a cell, you should f
If the problem is found in all the cells under the same BSC, you shou
If the problem is found in all the cells under the same MSC, the coop
timer setting is irrational.
2)Check if the data has been modified before handover problem
If the problem is found in an individual cell, you should focus on chec
If the problem is found in all the cells under the same BSC, you shou
If the problem is found in the cells under the same MSC, you should
3)Check if it is the hardware failure that causes the handover p
4)Register the related traffic statistics items, such as the hand

lCheck if the TCH seizure of the problem cell
lCheck if the outgoing handover success rate
lFind out the causes for the handover failure.
lCheck if the radio handover success rate is n
5)Perform drive test for the problem cell and analyze the drive
lCheck if the uplink and downlink of the prob
lCheck if the measurement report for the pro
lCheck if a call can hand over from a problem
lAnalyze if the signaling procedure for the ha
II.Handover Problem Analysis Methods
i)Handover cannot be initiated
If the MS is in a cell where the signal is poor, it cannot hand over to another cel
Hereunder details the possible reasons:
lThe handover threshold is set to a low value
For edge handover, the handover triggering condition is that the Rxl
the neighbor cells will be far higher than that of the service cell. In t
resulted. The setting of the handover threshold depends on the cove
lNeighbor cell relationship is not set
Though the signal level in the neighbor cells of the service cell is hig
to a neighbor cell. Through performing cell reselection or dialing test
found in the neighbor cell list, you should check if the correct neighb
if the strong BCCH numbers are in the service cell or in the neighbor
lHandover hysteresis is irrationally set
If the difference between the signal level of the handover candidate
to a too great value, the handover is hard to be initiated.
lThe best measurement time "N" and "P" are irrationally set
During normal handover, the MS uses N-P rules to list the handover
best cell.
When there are two cells become the best cell alternately, the MS m
values of N and P and reduce the measurement time to make the ha
If the landform and the ground objects of the service cell are quite c
meet N-P rule, which will make the handover difficult.
ii)Handover problem caused by hardware failure
If the data configuration for the problem cell and the neighbor cells h
caused by BTS hardware equipment.
If the cells sharing the same base station with the cell have similar p
If the problem is found in only one cell under the base station, you s
test the problems of this kind, you can disable some of the carriers.
carrier or if the CDU and antenna feeder part related to this carrier f
handover success rate will decrease.
To check if the signaling flow of the cell is normal and if the uplink Rx
means that the hardware equipment of the fails or serious interferen
iii)Handover problem caused by irrational data configurat
lFor stand-alone networking mode, if the outgoing MSC or inc
should also check if the data configuration for the opposite MSC and
lFor co-MSC networking mode, if the handover is performed w
cooperation between the BSCs is normal, and then check if the data
lIf the abnormal handover is found at a cell only, you need to
If the incoming handover of a cell is abnormal, you need first check
low, or even the handover does not occur.
If all the incoming handovers to this cell is abnormal, you should che
and the data configured for other cells but is related to this cell. For
If there is only one incoming handover to a cell is abnormal but othe
should also check if the data configuration for the neighbor cells is c
The methods to analyze the abnormal outgoing handovers are simila
lCheck the timers (such as T3105, Ny1, T3103, and T3142) re
T3105 indicates the interval for continuous PHYSICAL INFORMATION to be sent

correct frame from the MS, the network will resend the PHYSICAL INFORMATION
and T3105 must be greater than the sum of T3124 and delta ("delta" indicates
MS cannot perform successful handover.
T3124 is a timer waiting for the PHYSICAL INFORMATION from the network side
start T3124. Upon receiving a piece of PHYSICAL INFORMATION, the MS will stop
675ms. For other cases, the T3124 is set to 320ms.
III.Handover Cases
Case 1: No handover candidate cell is available due to CGI error
The handover in an area is abnormal. When the MS moves from cell A to cell B,
cell C, the MS hands over from cell A to cell C.
[Cause analysis]
If a cell can work as a service cell and can hand over to other cells, but the inco
[Problem solution]
1)Use the test MS to lock the BCCH numbers of cell B. The call
2)Make a call after locking the BCCH umber of any neighbor ce
is seen in the drive test software.
3)The handover procedure requires the MS detecting the neigh
report, the BSC must make the handover decision. If the handover c
4)If the signals of cell B are far stronger than that of cell A and
errors occur during the activation of the target cell TCH.
5)If the cell B works as the target cell but the TCH cannot be a
cell, so the TCH cannot be activated and no handover command can
6)The CGI error is found in cell B through data checking. The h
Case 2: Unbalanced path causes low handover success rate
The incoming BSC handover success rate is quite low for the two cells under a B
[Cause analysis]
Generally, if the data problems, such as CGI error or intra-frequency interferenc
signals, the incoming BSC handover success rate is low.
[Solution]
1)The cell data is found normal.
2)Through checking traffic statistics items, engineers found tha
3)Through drive test, engineers found that frequent handover

made, call drop occurred immediately. During the handover, enginee
originating calls failed. For the answering calls, they can be connecte
4)It is estimated that the CDU uplink channel loss is great, or t

5)After changing the CDU, engineers found that the incoming h
Case 3: Improper antenna planning causes low handover success rate
[Problem analysis]
The handover success rate among the three cells under a BTS is quite low acco
than 30%.
[Cause analysis]
Generally, low handover success rate is caused by board failure, handover data
[Solution]
1)The BTS hardware is normal and no alarm concerning hando
2)The BTS locates at the eastern side of a south-north road an

directions and the open resident areas lying under a hill in the east r
engineers concentrated the antenna azimuth angles of the three cel
the coverage is provided by the side lobes and back lobes of the thre
the three cells are poor and fluctuating greatly. In addition, since the
why the frequent handover failure occurs.
3)After setting the azimuth angles of the three cells to 60, 180
Case 4: Problems concerning the cooperation of different carriers' equ
There is a dual-band network in which the GSM900 MHz network and the GSM1
engineers found that the dual-band handover success rate was low; especially
80%. However, the success rate of the handover from the GSM900 MHz networ
[Cause analysis]
For a dual-band network, if the problems concerning the cooperation of differen
supports Phase 2+ and EFR.
[Solution]
1)Through using signaling analyzer to analyze the message flo
Handover Reject message to the BSC of the GSM1800 MHz network
2)The MSC of the GSM1800 MHz network sent a Prepare Hando
sent back an Abort message.
3)Because the success rate of the handover from GSM900 MHz

message (from the GSM900 MSC to GSM1800 MSC) is half rate versi
version 1, full rate version 2, and half rate version 1, which belong to
4)Through modifying the MSC data of the circuit MSC data at th
Handover message (from GSM1800 MSC to GSM900 MSC) are full ra
Call Drop Problems

For the GSM network, call drop is users' major worry and the call drop rate is an
I.Call Drop Resasons and Solutions
i)Call drop due to coverage reasons
[Reason analysis]
lDiscontinuous coverage (dead zone)
For a single BTS, the quality of the signals at the edge of the station
another cell. In this case, the call drop occurs.
If the landform of the coverage areas is complex or fluctuates greatl
the signals will be barred. In this case, the coverage is discontinuous
lPoor indoor coverage
If the buildings in an area are densely populated, the signal attenuat
thick, the penetration loss is great and the indoor signal level is low.
lIsolated island effect
As shown inFigure 8-13, the service cell forms an isolated island due
great). In this case, the MS still seizes the signals of the service cell
define the neighbor cell C. At this time, if the MS still performs the h
by neighbor cell A, it cannot find a suitable cell. In this case, the call
lSmall coverage
If the coverage is too small, the hardware equipment of a cell may fa
failure occurs (the power amplifier part).
[Judgment methods]
First you should find out the areas where the coverage is inadequate according
the drive test in a larger scope to check if the signal level and the handover are
can employ the traffic statistics recorded at the OMC to check the BSC overall c
drop rate. Furthermore, you can still make the analysis and judgment by referri
some ones:
lPower control performance measurement (to check if the me
lRxlev performance measurement (to check if the ratio of the
lCell performance measurement/inter-cell handover performa
the mean Rxlev are too low)
lCall drop performance measurement (to check if the signal le
normal before call drop)
lDefined neighbor cell performance measurement (to position
lUndefined neighbor cell performance measurement (to check
level exist)
lPower control performance measurement (to measure the gr
[Solutions]
1)Check the areas where the coverage is inadequate
You can find out the area where the coverage is inadequate through
in mountain areas that cannot form seamless coverage, you can add
can improve the coverage through other means. For example, you c
BTS, change the antenna azimuth angle, change the antenna tilt, ch
should also analyze if the call drop is caused by landforms. Generally
market, underground railway entrance, underground parking lot, and
micro cell to solve the coverage problem.
2)Ensure indoor call quality
To ensure indoor call quality, you should make sure that the outdoor
signals, you can increase the maximum BTS transmit power, change
angle, and change the antenna height, and so on. If the indoor call q
consider adding BTSs. For improving the indoor coverage of office bu
indoor antenna distribution system.
3)For the cells having no neighbor cells, you can configure the
drop rate. To eliminate the isolation island effect, you can reduce the
4)Eliminate hardware problems
You can check if there are hardware problems and if the coverage area is too sm
arises dramatically but all other indexes are normal, you should check if the ne
the downlink problems may occur. For example, TRX problem, diversity unit pro
the uplink fails, the outgoing handover failure rate of the old cell will be high.)
ii)Call drop due to handover reasons
[Reason analysis]
lIrrational parameter configuration
If the signal level at the cross-area of two cells is quite low, the level
handover threshold is too low, some MSs will hand over to the neigh
higher than that of the service cell. If the signal level of the neighbo
handover, the call drop will occur if no suitable cell is available for th
lIncomplete neighbor cell definition
If the neighbor cell definition is incomplete, the MS will hold the conv
the edges of the cell but cannot hand over to a stronger cell. In this
lNeighbor cells with same BCCH and same BSIC exist.
lTraffic congestion
If the traffic is unbalance, no TCH will be available in the target cell.
lBTS clock lost synchronization
If the BTS lost synchronization, the frequency offset will go beyond t
if handover fails.
lT3103 expiry
The T3103 will be started when the network sends a handover command. Upon
handover or the message to remove the command, the T3103 will stop. T3103
to return to the old channel. If the T3103 is set to a too small value, the MS can
case, call drop may occur during handover.
[Judgment methods]
You can judge if the cells with low handover success rate, frequent re-establishm
analyzing traffic statistics indexes. After the judgment, you can find out what ca
downlink Rxlev can cause the handover; the uplink and downlink Rxqual can ca
handover; call direct retry can cause handover; and also handover can be initia
To check if the BTS clock runs normally, you can check if the any alarm is gener
correct the BTS clock to eliminate clock problem. You can check if there is hand
problem cell, you should perform drive near the cell for several times. Hereund
lInter-cell handover performance measurement (frequent han
lInter-cell handover performance measurement (frequent han
lUndefined neighbor cell performance measurement (the und
measurement report go beyond the standard)
lOutgoing cell handover performance measurement (find out
handover target cell)
lLow incoming cell handover success rate; the cell handover p
congested.
lTCH performance measurement (the handover times are not
handover happens too frequent)
[Solution]
1)Check the parameters affecting the handover. For example,
each handover threshold, each handover hysteresis, handover time,
the handover candidate cell, and so on.
2)If the call drop is caused by unbalance traffic volume or if the
available at the target BTS, you can solve the problem by adjusting t
project parameters, such as antenna tilt and antenna azimuth angle
the traffic volume, you can use CRO to guide the MS to camp on oth
level priority to guide the MS to hand over to the idle cell. In addition
directly.
3)Calibrate the problem BTS clock to enable the synchronizatio
iii)Call drop due to interference reasons
[Reason analysis]
If the MS receives strong same-frequency interference signals or strong neighbo

the bit error rate will deteriorate. In this case, the MS cannot demodulate the B
cannot receive the measurement report from the MS correctly. As a result, the c
become poor, and call drop will occur.
[Judgment methods]
The interference may be from the network itself or the outside network, or it m
The following methods can be used to position the interference.
lFind out the
the call
cellsdrive
might
befor
interfered
through
checking
traffic
lPerform
test
the areas
that might
be interfe
according to user complaint. You can find out if there is a place wher
through drive test tools. In addition, you can use a test MS to perform
interfered.
lCheck the frequency planning to see if same-frequency inter
in the area where the frequency is improperly planned.
lAdjust the channel numbers that might be interfered to see i
lExclude the interference caused by equipment.
lIf the previous methods fail to eliminate the interference, you
frequencies to find out the interfered channel number and the interf
Hereunder lists several traffic statistics indexes used for interference analysis:
lInterference band
You can check the uplink interference through analyzing the interfere
appears at the interference bands 3-5, the interference is present. If
the traffic volume grows. Generally, if it is outside interference, it is
that the interference bands are reported to the BSC by the BTS TRX
indication messages. If the current channel is busy and cannot repor
consider the traffic volume for the measuring the interference bands
lRxlev performance measurement
The Rxlev performance measurement provides the matrix relationsh
level is high but the quality is poor, it means that the interference (s
interference, and outside interference) is present at the channel num
lPoor quality handover ratio
The cell performance measurement, inter-cell handover performance
performance measurement records the outgoing handover attempt t
signal quality, it means that the interference is present.
lRxqual performance measurement
It is related to the mean Rxlev and Rxqual during call drop.
lCall drop performance measurement
It records the mean Rxlev and Rxqual during call drop.
lFrequent handover failures and frequent re-establishment fai
It means that the interference may be present in the target cell.
[Solutions]
1)Check the interfered road and the distribution of signal quali
are concerned, you can adjust the BTS transmit power and antenna
planning to avoid the interference.
2)Use DTX technology, frequency hopping technology, power c
These technologies can be used to reduce the system noise and enh
is divided into uplink DTX and downlink DTX. In this case, the transm
the system can also be reduced. However, you should adjust the DT
neighbor cell relationship. When signals received by the MS are poor
downlink DTX is enabled, the BTS will increase its transmit power aft
however, the BTS will reduce its transmit power. In this case, the int
interference is present near the BTS, the downlink DTX will deteriora
its transmit power, the conversation quality will decrease or the call
is low but the the
interference
signal
is strong.
3)Solve
equipment
problems,
such as the self-excitation of
interference.
4)Exclude the outside interference.
iv)Call drop due to antenna feeder reasons
[Reason analysis]
lEngineering problem may be one of the reasons. For exampl

inversely connected, the level of the uplink signal will be far poorer t
call drop, one-way audio, and call difficulty will be found in the areas
lIf polarization antennas are used, a cell had two sets of anten
inconsistent with each other, the call drop will occur.
If a directional cell has a master antenna and a diversity antenna, th

transmitted through the two antennas respectively. If the tilt angles
scope of the two antennas will be different. In this case, the MS can
when starting a call. Thus the call drop is resulted.
lIf the azimuth angles of the two antennas are inconsistent w
MS can receive the SDCCH signals, but it may be assigned with the T
lThe problems concerning antenna feeder will also cause call
water penetrates into the antenna, or connector problem is present,
will decrease. In this case, the call drop will occur. To confirm the pro
[Problem positioning and solution]
1)Check if any alarm concerning the combiner, CDU, tower am
the BTS boards are normal in the OMC.
2)Analyze if the path balance is realized according to traffic sta
3)Further analyze if the path balance is realized through moni
4)Perform drive test and dialing test. During drive test, you can
consistent with the planned ones, namely, if the transmit antenna of
5)Check and test the on-site BTSs. Here the installation of the
must be checked. In addition, you should also check if the feeder an
connector problem, and if the feeder is damaged. Furthermore, you
6)Judge if it is BTS hardware that causes path unbalance and c

change the components that may have problems or disable other TR
position the problem through dialing test. Once a problem hardware
sound one. If no sound one is available, you must shut down the pro
affecting network quality.
Hereunder lists several traffic statistics items for path balance analysis:
lPath balance measurement (to analyze if the path balance is
lCall drop performance measurement (to analyze the uplink a
lPower control performance measurement (to analyze mean R
v)Call drop due to transmission reasons
If the transmission quality across the Abis interface and A-interface may be not
methods can
be used to solve
the problem:alarm and board alarm and analyze i
1)Check
the transmission
failure.
2)Check the transmission channel, test the bit error rate, chec
grounding is rational to ensure stable transmission quality and reduc
3)Check the traffic statistics to see if the frequent call drop is c
should check TCH performance measurement, because it can indicat
normal, if the TCH utilization is normal, and if the ground link call dro
vi)Call drop due to parameter reasons
Here you should focus on checking if the parameters related to call drop are irra
irrationally set, the call drop may be resulted.
lRadio link failure counter
This parameter acts on the downlink. When the MS fails to decode th

to disconnect the call. If this parameter is set to a too small value, th
drop. For dead zones or the areas where the call drop frequently hap
to
a greater
value.
When
changing
the radio link failure counter, you should change the
value great enough for the MS to detect a radio link failure. For exam
16 (about 8 seconds), the value of T3109 must be greater than 8 sec
seconds).
lSACCH multiframe number
This parameter acts on the uplink. The BTS uses this parameter to n
BSS. The BSS side judges the radio link failure according to the bit er
set to a too small value, the radio link failure will happen frequently
lAccess control parameters

The access control parameters include the Minimum RACH Rxlev, RA
parameters are irrationally set, the call drop will be easily resulted.
lT3101, T3107
T3101 is started when the BSC sends a CHANNEL ACTIVATE message
INDICATION message is received. This timer monitors the immediate
allocated channels will be removed.
T3107 is started when the BSC sends an ASSIGNMENT COMMAND m
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE message from the BTS, this timer will reset
that the MS can return to the old channel. Or it can also be used by t
If the two timers are set to a too small value, the system will not hav
message to the BSC. In this case, the call drop will occur if the timer
lT200; N200
T200 is an important timer used for the LAPDm (Link Access Procedu
from occurring when the data is transferred across the data link laye
radio interfaces can be divided into two types: the messages needin
needing opposite acknowledgement.
For the messages needing opposite acknowledgement, a T200 must

opposite acknowledgement is not received after a period of time, th
timer must be restarted. If the retransmission times exceed the max
retransmitted and the link will be released. That is, this call drops. N
T200 and N200 have different types depending on channel types (TC
types
(signaling
and
given
channel
and service
The call
drop rate
canmessages).
be reducedThe
if the
message
is type
retransmitted
as
acknowledgement is received. That is, the value of T200 must be se

be set as great as possible. However, the T200 cannot be set to a to
large value. If the opposite party has acknowledged that the link had
nonsense.
Therefore, to reduce the call drop rate, you can adjust the T200 and
II.Call Drop Cases
Case 1: Call drop caused by frequency hopping collision
[Problem analysis]
A BTS uses 1 x 3 RF frequency hopping. After capacity expansion, the TCH alloc
problems. In addition, the TCH call drop rate and incoming handover failure rate
[Problem positioning and solution]
Because high call drop rate and high incoming handover failure rate come toge
that the problem may arise during TCH assignment or the channel numbers or t
unstable. Because the SDCCH call drop rate is normal, it can be judged that the
numbers to the interfered are small, but the non-BCCH carriers and non-BCCH n
Through checking the hardware, antenna feeder, and transmission, engineers f

found that the signal level was high but the quality was poor. Through on-site d
quality was poor. Through checking engineering parameters, engineers found th
that of the old carrier. Therefore, it can be judged that the call drop was caused
the MAIO, engineers found that call drop rate became normal.
Case 2: Call drop caused by isolated island effect
Users complained that call drop always occurred above the fifth floor of a buildi
[Problem analysis]
1)Through on-site test, engineers found that call drop and nois
it was always in the service area of the other BTS (hereunder called
BTS
C) before
the call drop.
2)It
is estimated
that the service cell belongs to BTS B, which i
it can be judged that the signals from the BTS B are reflected signals
formed.
3)Through checking data configuration, engineers found that o
relationship with BTS B. Therefore, when the MS is using the signals
were strong, and if the cell 2 of BTS B has no neighbor cell relationsh
be performed.
The signals from the cell 2 of BTS B are reflected many times. There
became poor dramatically, emergent handover may be initiated. In t
BTS A is not an ideal candidate cell for the cell 2 of BTS B. As a resul
called BTS C), but the MS cannot receive the signals from BTS C. The
[Solution]
You are recommended to change the data in the BA1 (BCCH) list, BA2 (SACCH)
you can configure the cell 3 of BTS A as the neighbor cell of cell 2 of BTS B. To e
further optimize the engineering parameters. After that, the call drop problem c
Case 3: Reduce call drop rate through optimizing handover parameter
The drive test in an area found that the call drop rate at a cave near the BTS hi
due time.
[Problem
The
cave isanalysis
near the and
BTS. solution]
The signal level of the target cell is about -80dBm in
below -100dBm. The downlink power of the two cells outside the cave is good,
signal level deteriorates dramatically in the cave, so the call drop occurs before
To reduce the
call drop
you can
optimize
adjust
the
handover
parame
1)If
no rate,
ping-pong
handover
is and
present
and
the
conversation
is
happen
as
easily
as
possible.
2)Set the threshold to trigger the emergent handover rationall
before call drop.
For the parameter modification, see
Handover parameter optimization
Parameter Name
PBGT handover measurement time
PBGT handover duration
PBGT handover threshold
Uplink quality threshold for emergent handover
Minimum downlink power for handover candidate cell
Case 4: Call drop caused by clock problem

The cell A of an 1800MHz network has been cutover. After the establishment of
over to the GSM900 MHz cell that shares the same BTS site drops in the GSM90
established on the GSM1800 MHz cell intend to hand over to the GSM900 MHz c
dramatically first, and then gradually disappears to none. If the handover is from
phenomenon is also present. Through monitoring signaling, engineers find that
call drop is just process for call re-establishment. However, the test MS shows t
MHz cell. Therefore, it can be judged that the clocks are seriously asynchronous
the GSM900 equipment provider cooperate with each other on clock calibration
Therefore, for dual-band handover, the clock of the GSM900 MHz BTS and that
Before Modification
After Modification
Power
4.9.1Maximum Transmit Power of MS (MSTXPWRMX)
I.Definition
The transmit power of MS in communication is controlled by BTS. According to t
&Note:
In any situation, power control is prior to related handover for BSS. Only when t
To reduce interference between neighbor cells, the power control of MS is restri

MSTXPWRMX is the maximum transmit power of MS controlled by BTS.
II.Format
MSTXPWRMX ranges from 0 to 31.
The dBm values corresponding to GSM900 and GSM1800 cells are different:
lThe 32 maximum transmit power control classes for GSM900
lThe 32 maximum transmit power control classes for GSM900
Configuring MSTXPWRMX helps control interferences between neighbor cells, b
lIf MSTXPWRMX is over great, the interference between neigh
lIf MSTXPWRMX is over small, the voice quality declines and i
4.9.2Received Level Threshold of Downlink Power Increment (LDR)
I.Definition
When the downlink received level of the serving cell is smaller than a threshold
The received level threshold of downlink power increment defines the downlink
transmit power.
The parameter N1 means that at lease N1 sampling points must be measured b
The parameter P1 means the level of at least P1 sampling points in N1 samplin
II.Format
N1 ranges from 1 to 32.
P1 ranges from 1 to 32.
The received level is between 60 dBm and 80 dBm in a GSM network, so confi
N1 is related to propagation quality of radio channels within cell coverage range
Configure P1 to about 2/3 of N1.
4.9.3Received Level Threshold of Uplink Power Increment (LUR)
I.Definition
When the uplink received level of the serving cell is smaller than a threshold, th
The received level threshold of uplink power increment defines the uplink recei
transmit power.
II.Format
4.9.4Received Quality Threshold of Downlink Power Increment (LDR)
I.Definition
When the downlink received quality of the serving cell is smaller than a thresho
The received quality threshold of downlink power increment defines the downlin
increase its transmit power.

The parameter P3 means the quality of at least P3 sampling points in N3 sampl
II.Format
It ranges from 0 to 7, the voice quality grade.
The received quality is 0 to 2 of quality grade in a GSM network, so configure re
4.9.5Received Quality Threshold of Uplink Power Increment (LUR)
I.Definition
When the uplink received quality of the serving cell is smaller than a threshold,
The received quality threshold of uplink power increment defines the uplink rec
transmit power of MS.
II.Format
4.9.6Received Level Threshold of Downlink Power Decrement (UDR)
I.Definition
When the downlink received level of the serving cell is greater than a threshold
The received level threshold of downlink power decrement defines the downlink
its transmit power.
II.Format
4.9.7Received Level Threshold of Uplink Power Decrement (UUR)
I.Definition
When the uplink received level of the serving cell is greater than a threshold, th
The received level threshold of uplink power decrement defines the uplink rece
power of MS.
II.Format
4.9.8Received Quality Threshold of Downlink Power Decrement (UDR)
I.Definition
When the downlink received quality of the serving cell is greater than a thresho
The received quality threshold of downlink power decrement defines the downli
decrease transmit power of MS.
II.Format
4.9.9Received Quality Threshold of Uplink Power Decrement (UUR)
I.Definition
When the uplink received quality of the serving cell is greater than a threshold,
The received quality threshold of uplink power decrement defines the uplink rec
transmit power of MS.
II.Format
4.9.10Power Control Interval (INT)
I.Definition
It takes a period from beginning of power control to detection of effect of power
call drop occurs.
The parameter power control interval (INT) configures the minimum interval be
II.Format
It ranges from 0 to 31s.
According to frame structure of GSM network, configure INT to about 3s.
IV.Precautions
INT cannot be smaller than 1s, and otherwise the system becomes unstable.
4.9.11Power Increment Step (INC)
I.Definition
The INC indicates the power increment of MS or base station in power control.
II.Format
The range of INC is 2 dB, 4 dB, or 6 dB.
The recommended value is 4 dB.
4.9.12Power Decrement Step (RED)
I.Definition
The RED indicates the power decrement of MS or base station in power control.
II.Format
The range of RED is 2 dB or 4 dB.
The recommended value of RED is 2 dB.

Checking the Parameter Settings for DCR Huawei 2G
The parameter settings on the BSC side and MSC side may affect the TCH
call drop rate. You should check the settings of the following parameters for
a cell with a high TCH call drop rate. See Case 5: Reduction of Call Drops by
Optimizing Handover Parameters and Case 12: Increase in Call Drop Rate Due to
Change of TR1N on the MSC Side.
1. SACCH Multi-Frames
This parameter determines whether an uplink radio link is faulty. Each time the
BTS fails to decode the measurement report on the SACCH from the MS, the
counter decreases by 1. Each time the BTS successfully decodes the
measurement report on the SACCH, the counter increases by 2. When the
value of this counter is 0, the BTS regards the radio link as faulty. In the
traffic measurement, if there are many call drops (M3101A) related to radio
link failure, you can infer that the radio propagation conditions are poor. In
this case, you can set this parameter to a greater value.
2. Radio Link Timeout
This parameter determines whether a downlink radio link is faulty. Each
time the BTS fails to decode the measurement report sent over the SACCH
by the MS, the counter decreases by 1. Each time the BTS successfully
decodes the measurement report sent over the SACCH, the counter
increases by 2. When the value of this parameter is 0, the BTS regards the
radio link as faulty. In the traffic measurement, if there are many call drops
(M3101A) related to radio link failure, you can infer that the radio
propagation conditions are poor. In this case, you can set this parameter to
a greater value.
3. RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN
This parameter specifies the minimum receive level of an MS to access the BSS. If
this parameter is set to a too small value, some MSs with low receive levels
may access the network and call drops are likely to occur. You can set this
parameter to a great value to reduce the TCH call drop rate. The counters
such as call setup success rate and the counters related to traffic volume,
however, are accordingly affected.
4. RACH Min.Access Level
This parameter determines whether an MS can access the network over the RACH.
If this parameter is set to a too small value, some MSs with low signal levels
may access the network and call drops are likely to occur. You can set this
parameter to a great value to reduce the TCH call drop rate. The counters
such as call setup success rate and paging success rate, however, are
affected.
5. Min DL Power on HO Candidate Cell and Min Access Level Offset
The sum of the values of the two parameters specifies the minimum
downlink receive level of a candidate neighboring cell for a handover. If this
parameter is set to a too great value, some desired cells may be excluded from
the candidate cells; if this parameter is set to a too small value, an unwanted cell
may become the candidate cell. Both conditions may lead to the increase of call
drops.
6. Timer T3103 series
Timer T3101 series consists of T3103A, T3103C, and T8. These timers are
started to wait for a handover complete message. If the lengths of the
timers are set to small values, probably no message is received when timer
T3103 series expires. In this case, the BSC considers that the radio link in
the originating cell is faulty. Then, the BSC releases the channel in the
originating cell. Thus, call drops occur. In the traffic measurement, if many
call drops are related to handovers (CM331: Call Drops on Radio Interface
in Handover State), you can set this parameter to a greater value. If this
parameter is set to a too great value, channel resources are wasted and
measurement report on the SACCH, the counter increases by 2. When the
value of this counter is 0, the BTS regards the radio link as faulty. In the
traffic measurement, if there are many call drops (M3101A) related to radio
link failure, you can infer that the radio propagation conditions are poor. In
this case, you can set this parameter to a greater value.
7. Timer T3109
This parameter specifies the period for waiting for a Release Indication
message after the BSC sends a Channel Release message to the BTS. If
this parameter is set to a too small value, the link may be released before
the Release Indication message is received. As a result, a call drop occurs.
You can set this parameter to a greater value to reduce the TCH call drop
rate. It is recommended that timer T3109 be set to 12 seconds longer than
timer Radio Link Timeout.
8. Timer T3111
This parameter specifies the interval between the time that the main
signaling link is disconnected and the time that a channel is deactivated.
The purpose is to reserve a period of time for repeated link disconnections. If this
timer is set to a too small value, a channel may be deactivated too early.
Thus, call drops increase.
7. Timer T3109
This parameter specifies the period for waiting for a Release Indication
message after the BSC sends a Channel Release message to the BTS. If
this parameter is set to a too small value, the link may be released before
the Release Indication message is received. As a result, a call drop occurs.
You can set this parameter to a greater value to reduce the TCH call drop
rate. It is recommended that timer T3109 be set to 12 seconds longer than
timer Radio Link Timeout.
8. Timer T3111
This parameter specifies the interval between the time that the main
signaling link is disconnected and the time that a channel is deactivated.
The purpose is to reserve a period of time for repeated link disconnections. If this
timer is set to a too small value, a channel may be deactivated too early.
Thus, call drops increase.
11. Call Reestablishment Forbidden
This parameter specifies whether to allow call reestablishment. In case of
burst interference or radio link failure due to blind areas caused by high
buildings, call drops occur. In this case, MSs can initiate the call
reestablishment procedure to restore communication. To reduce the TCH
call drop rate, you can set this parameter to No to allow call
reestablishment. In certain conditions, allowing call reestablishment greatly

reduces the TCH call drop rate. Call reestablishment lasts for a long time, and
therefore some subscribers cannot wait and hang up. This affects user experience.
12. Parameters related to edge handover
When the receive level drops greatly, an edge handover cannot be
performed in time in any of the following conditions: The parameter Edge
HO UL RX_LEV Threshold or Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold is set to a
small value; the parameter Inter-cell HO Hysteresis is set to a great value;
the parameters Edge HO Watch Time and Edge HO AdjCell Watch Time
are set to great values; the parameters Edge HO Valid Time and Edge HO
AdjCell Valid Time are set to great values. As a result, a call drop occurs.
To reduce the TCH call drop rate, you can appropriately set these
parameters so that edge handovers can be performed in time to avoid call
drops.
13. Parameters related to BQ handover
When the signal quality deteriorates, a BQ handover cannot be performed
in time in any of the following conditions: The parameters
ULQuaLimitAMRFR, ULQuaLimitAMRHR, UL Qual. Threshold,
DLQuaLimitAMRFR, DLQuaLimitAMRHR, and DL Qual. Threshold are
set to great values; the parameter BQ HO Margin is set to a small value;
the parameter Inter-cell HO Hysteresis is set to a great value. As a result,
call drops occur. To reduce the TCH call drop rate, you should appropriately
set these parameters so that BQ handovers can be performed in time to
avoid call drops.
14. Parameters related to interference handover
If the parameters RXQUAL1 to RXQUAL12 are set to great values or if the
RXLEVOff parameter is set to a great value, strong interference may occur.
In this case, if interference handovers are not performed in time, call drops
occur. To reduce the TCH call drop rate, you can appropriately set these
parameters so that interference handovers can be performed in time to
avoid call drops. If the parameters RXQUAL1 to RXQUAL12 are set to
small values, the number of handovers due to other causes increases
greatly, thus affecting the handover success rate.
15. Parameters related to concentric cell handover
A call at the edge of the overlaid subcell cannot be handed over to the
underlaid subcell in any of the following conditions: In the case of a normal
concentric cell, the parameters RX_LEV Threshold and RX_LEV
Hysteresis are set to great values; in the case of an enhanced concentric
cell, the parameter OtoU HO Received Level Threshold is set to a great
value. As a result, a call drop is likely to occur. If the Call Drop Ratio on TCH
on the TRX in the OverLaid Subcell (RM330a) is high, you can
appropriately set these parameters so that calls at the edge of the overlaid
subcell can be handed over to the underlaid subcell in time.
When a call in the underlaid subcell has interference, the call cannot be
handed over to the overlaid subcell if the RX_QUAL for UO HO Allowed
parameter is set to Yes and the RX_QUAL Threshold parameter is set to a
great value. Thus, a call drop occurs. If the Call Drop Ratio on TCH on the
TRX in the Underlaid Subcell (RM330) is high, you can set these
parameters properly so that the call can be handed over to the overlaid
subcell at the earliest.
16. Parameters related to power control
If the power control level and quality threshold are set to small values, call
drops are likely to occur because of low signal level or bad voice quality.
17. T200 and N200
If the parameters T200 FACCH/F, T200 FACCH/H, N200 of FACCH/Full
rate, and N200 of FACCH/Half rate are set to small values, data links are
disconnected too early. Thus, all drops are likely to occur. If call drops occur
because of T200 expiry, you can increase the values of T200 and N200
properly.
18. Neighboring cell relations
If the neighboring cells configured in the BA2 table are incomplete, call
drops are likely to occur in the case of no suitable neighboring cell for
handover and progressive deterioration in the voice quality. Neighboring cell
relations should be configured completely on the basis of the drive test data
and electronic map (for example, Nastar) to minimize the call drops due to
no available neighboring cells.
19. MAIO
If frequency hopping (FH) is applied in a cell and the MAIO is set
inappropriately (for example, different TRXs serving the same cell have the
same MAIO), frequency collision may occur during FH. Thus, the TCH call
drop rate increases.
20. Disconnect Handover Protect Timer
This parameter is a software parameter of the BSC. After receiving a
DISCONNECT message from an MS, the BSC cannot hand over the MS
within the period specified by this parameter. Therefore, the following case
can be avoided: After being handed over to the target cell, the MS cannot
be put on hook because it does not receive a release acknowledgement
message. You are advised to set this parameter properly.
21. TR1N
This parameter should be set on the MSC side. It is used to avoid the
retransmission of short messages. When this parameter is set to a too great
value, the MSC does not send a CLEAR CMD message if the MS receives
a short message during link disconnection. As a result, the MS sends the
BTS a DISC message to disconnect layer 2 connection. After receiving the
DISC message, the BTS sends a REL_IND message to the BSC. Then, the
BSC sends a CLEAR REQ message to the MSC and the number of call
drops is incremented by one.
22. Software Parameter 13 and MAX TA
When the parameter Software Parameter 13 is enabled and the parameter MAX
TA is set to a too small value, the channel is released when the TA of a call exceeds
the MAX TA. In this case, call drops occur. It is recommended that the
parameter Software Parameter 13 should not be enabled.
23. Directly Magnifier Site Flag
If a BTS is installed with repeaters, the handover between repeaters can only
be asynchronous because the distance between repeaters is long. If
synchronous handovers are performed, the handovers may fail and thus many
call drops occur. Therefore, when a BTS is installed with repeaters, the
parameter Directly Magnifier Site Flag should be set to Yes to avoid
synchronous handovers between cells under the same BTS.
Vendor
Huawei
Huawei
Huawei
Huawei
Huawei
Huawei
Huawei
Tech
3G
3G
3G
3G
3G
3G
3G
Resource Type
UL CE
DL CE
UL Power
DL Power
UL IuB
DL IuB
Code
NSN
3G
UL CE
NSN
NSN
NSN
NSN
NSN
Huawei
Huawei
3G
3G
3G
3G
3G
2G
2G
DL CE
UL Power
DL Power
IuB
Code
SDCCH
TCH
Huawei
2G
TBF
Huawei
2G
PDCH
Huawei
Nokia
Nokia
Nokia
Nokia
Siemens
2G
2G
2G
2G
2G
2G
Abis
SDCCH
TCH
PDCH
Abis
SDCCH
Siemens
Siemens
Siemens
2G
2G
2G
TCH
PDCH
Abis
Congestion Counter
VS.RRC.Rej.ULCE.Cong+VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.ULCE.Cong+VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.ULCE.Cong
VS.RRC.Rej.DLCE.Cong+VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.DLCE.Cong+VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.DLCE.Cong
VS.RRC.Rej.ULPower.Cong+VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.ULPower.Cong+VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.ULPower.Cong
VS.RRC.Rej.DLPower.Cong+VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.DLPower.Cong+VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.DLPower.Cong
VS.RRC.Rej.ULIUBBand.Cong+VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.ULIUBBand.Cong+VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.ULIUBBand.Cong
VS.RRC.Rej.DLIUBBand.Cong+VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.DLIUBBand.Cong+VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.DLIUBBand.Cong
VS.RRC.Rej.Code.Cong+VS.RAB.FailEstabCS.Code.Cong+VS.RAB.FailEstabPS.Code.Cong
rrc_conn_stp_fail_bts+rab_stp_fail_cs_voice_bts+rab_stp_fail_ps_strea_bts+rab_stp_fail_ps_inter_frozbs+rab_
_str_1+setup_fail_bts_hs_dsch_bgr
rrc_conn_stp_fail_bts+rab_stp_fail_cs_voice_bts+rab_stp_fail_ps_strea_bts+rab_stp_fail_ps_inter_frozbs+rab_
_str_1+setup_fail_bts_hs_dsch_bgr
rrc_conn_stp_fail_ac+rab_stp_fail_cs_voice_ac+rab_stp_fail_ps_strea_ac +rab_stp_fail_ps_inter_ac+rab_stp_fa
rrc_conn_stp_fail_iub_aal2+rab_stp_fail_cs_v_iub_aal2+setup_fail_iub_hs_total_str_1+setup_fail_iub_hs_total_
K3001:Failed SDCCH Seizures due to Busy SDCCH
K3011A:Failed TCH Seizures due to Busy TCH (Traffic Channel)
[A9003:Number of Failed Uplink GPRS TBF Establishments due to No Channel]

+[A9203:Number of Failed Uplink EGPRS TBF Establishments due to No Channel]+[A9103:Number of Failed D
Channel]
+[A9303:Number of Failed Downlink EGPRS TBF Establishments due to No Channel]}
[R9394:Number of PDCH Application Failures due to no Convertable TCHs]+[R9395:Number of PDCH Applica

[R9346:Number of Dynamic PDCH Requests Without Application Attempts Because the Number of Activated
[R9347:Number of Dynamic PDCH Requests Without Application Attempts Because No Abis Timeslot is Availa
R9347:Number of Dynamic PDCH Requests Without Application Attempts Because No Abis Timeslot is Availa
100 * ([SDCCH_BUSY_ATT] - [TCH_SEIZ_DUE_SDCCH_CON])/[SDCCH_SEIZ_ATT])

100 * ([TCH_REQUESTS_CALL_ATTEMPT] - [SUCC_TCH_SEIZ_CALL_ATTEMPT])/[TCH_REQUESTS_CALL_ATTEMP
100 * ([NO_RADIO_RES_AVA_DL_TBF] + [NO_RADIO_RES_AVA_UL_TBF])/([NBR_OF_DL_TBF] + [NBR_OF_UL_TB
dl_tbfs_with_inadeq_edap_res + ul_tbfs_without_edap_res
ATSDCMBS / NATTSDPE
(ATCHSMBS_1 + ATCHSMBS_2) /(ATTCHSEI_1 +ATTCHSEI_2) --> excluding A-bis blocking
(ATCHSMBS_1 + ATCHSMBS_2 + ATCHSMBS_3 + ATCHSMBS_4) /(ATTCHSEI_1 +ATTCHSEI_2) --> including A-b
REJPDASS_1..37 / (NUACATCL_3 + NUACATCL_6)
ABISPSUP[7]/(ABISPSUP[6] + ABISPSUP[7])

Case
CE Blocking/CE High Util
Iub Blocking/Iub High Util
DL- Power Blocking/DL - Power High Util
UL- Power Blocking
Code Blocking
1st Action
Check trending of CE Availability
Physical Audit (involving TP analysis)
2nd Action
IuB VC Split
Activate 40W, maintain existing PCPICH setting
Increase PrxTarget, adjust
DeltaPrxMaxUp,DeltaPrxMaxDown
Decrease used MaxBitrateDLPSNRT (128 kbits/s, 64
kbits/s)
3rd Action
CE license and/or board upgrade
Iub BW upgrade
Increase PtxTarget, PtxMaxHSDPA

Type
CS Blocking & Non PS blocking
PS Blocking & Non CS blocking
CS Blocking & PS blocking
2G/3G reselection ( traffic share)
Blocking
SDCCH blocking & Non TCH Blocking
TCH Blocking & Non SDCCH blocking
TCH Blocking & SDCCH blocking
PS Blocking ->due to no Convertable TCHs
PS Blocking->due to CELL PDCH Ratio Thresh

PS Blocking->due to Activated PDCHs Reaches Board
Specification
PS Blocking->Abis Timeslot is Available for Use
First step
check channel availability rate & Abis transmission availiblity
rate,any intermittent rise TT (cause maybe due to Abis IP capacity
problem)

problem)

problem)

problem)
problem)

problem)
Second step
1.reduce MS MAX Retrans
2.Increase CRH (LAC border area)
3.Add fix SDCCCH channel
4.RACH Busy Threshold
5.ReduceCS RACH Min. Access Level
6.SDDYN->Yes (SDCCH Dynamic Allocation Allowed)
1.Enable TCH Rate Adjust Allow
2.Reduce TCHBUSYTHRES
&AMRTCHHPRIORALLOW&AMRTCHHPRIORLOAD
3.Change SDCCH &PDCH to TCH channel
4.Enable load handover
5.PT & CRO
6.Counter A312F,TDM-> Reduce idle TS & upgrade Abis;IP
mode upgrade Abis
1.same as upper reduce SDCCH & TCH blocking
2.PT &C CRO
3.Power adjust ( increase adjcent cells power type if possble)
4.upgrade TRX
1.Add fix PDCH channel
2.UPDYNCHNTRANLEV & DWNDYNCHNTRANLEV(20->70,20>80)
3.DYNCHFREETM(20->15)
1.Increase MAX PDCH rate threshold
2.PDCHUPLEV & PDCHDWNLEV(20->70,20->80)
3.DYNCHFREETM(15->10)
DSP Re-balance
Abis upgrade (IP mode increase BW)
1.Upgrade TRX or Abis transmission capacity
2.If upgrade limit,change PDCH to TCH (CS high priority)
3.Load sharing to 3G, FDD Qmin (7-->6[max -14db]) &
SSEARCHRAT (2-->0)
1.Inter-RAT Cell Reselection Enable(IRAT reseclection)
2.Qsearch C Initial(seach 3G in Idle mode)
3.Qsearch I(7=always seach 3G)
4.FDD Qmin (3G candidate cells EC/NO threshold)
5.FDD Qmin Offset(candidate cells EC/NO offset)

Type
Blocking

TCH Blocking & Non SDCCH blocking
TCH Blocking & SDCCH blocking
PS Blocking, TCH not Blocking

PS Blocking (Abis)
Analyze
check channel availability rate (TCH Availability) & Transmission
performance, any intermittent or not (Alarm). If all Ok then do the
action coloum

action coloum

action coloum
action coloum
action coloum
Action
1.Reduce CRH (Cell Reselect Hysteresis = HYS) if site in the
LAC border area and increase CRH for the NR cell in another LAC
2.Reduce CRO (Cell Resellect Offset =REO) or make negative
value by set Penalty Time (PET) to 640s
3.Add fix SDCCCH channel
1. increase (btsSpLoadDepTchRateLower = FRL) &
(btsSpLoadDepTchRateUpper=FRU) maximum value is 90
2. Increase (amrSegLoadDepTchRateLower = AFRL) &
(amrSegLoadDepTchRateUpper = AFRU)
3. Change SDCCH &PDCH to TCH channel
4. Reduce hoMarginPbgt from blocking cell and increase
hoMarginPbgt to NR cell that is no blocking
1. same as upper reduce SDCCH & TCH blocking
2. Change PDCH to TCH if PDCH not blocking or less
3.upgrade TRX
1.Add Dedicated GPRS Capactity (CDED) by increase the
number
2. Add Default GPRS Capacity (CDEF) byt increase the number
(Dynamic)
1. Reduce egprsInitMcsAckMode (MCA) &
egprsInitMcsUnAckMode (MCU)

Type
Blocking
SDCCH blocking & Non

TCH Blocking
TCH Blocking & Non

SDCCH blocking
TCH Blocking & SDCCH

blocking
PS Blocking -> due to no

PDCH resource
PS Blocking -> due to PDT

resource
PS Blocking-> no Abis
Timeslot is Available
CS Blocking & PS blocking
2G/3G reselection ( traffic share)
First step
check channel availability rate & Abis
transmission availiblity rate,any
intermittent rise TT (cause maybe due to
Abis problem)
Abis problem)
Abis problem)
Abis problem)
Abis problem)

Abis IP capacity problem)
Second step
1.
2.
3.
4.
4.
Reduce SDCCHCONGTH (70 --> 50/40)

Increase CELLRESH (LAC border area)
Change TCH_HLF timeslot to TCHSD timeslot
Add fix SDCCH timeslot
Reduce RACHBT (109 --> 106)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Reduce HRACCT1 and HRACTAMRACT1

Reduce GPDPDTCH
Reduce GMANPRESPRM & EMANPRESPRM
Increase SDCCHCONGTH (max: 100)
1. Same as upper reduce SDCCH & TCH blocking

2. Increase PWRRED to 2
3. Upgrade TRX
1. Increase GMANPRESPRM & EMANPRESPRM

2. Increase GPDPDTCH
Rebalancing PRPTPGID
1. Change GASTRABISTH to 60-70-40-50
2. Add SUBTSLB on A-bis
1.Upgrade TRX or Abis transmission capacity
2.If upgrade limit,change PDCH to TCH (CS high priority)
3.Load sharing to 3G, FDD Qmin (7-->6[max -14db]) & SSEARCHRAT
(2-->0)
1.Inter-RAT Cell Reselection Enable(IRAT reseclection)
2.Qsearch C Initial(seach 3G in Idle mode)
3.Qsearch I(7=always seach 3G)
4.FDD Qmin (3G candidate cells EC/NO threshold)
5.FDD Qmin Offset(candidate cells EC/NO offset)

No Equipment Tech
Parameter Name
Huawei
3G
NBMULCACALGOSELSWITCH
Huawei
3G
PILOTPO, DLDPCHSF256PILOTBIT
Huawei
3G
MAPSWITCH_MAP_HSUPA_TTI_2MS_SWITCH
Huawei
3G
N300
Huawei
3G
BeHsupa2msTTIratethd
Huawei
3G
CSRABCacOptSwitch
Huawei
3G
PsInactTmrForPreFstDrm
Huawei
3G
CQIFbCk, CQIFbCkforSHO
Huawei
3G
ULTOTALEQUSERNUM
10
Huawei
3G
HSPDSCHCODENUM
11
Huawei
3G
DLHOCECODERESVSF
12
Huawei
3G
HoASUtmr
13
Huawei
3G
RLMAXDLPWR & RLMINDLPWR
14
Huawei
3G
SSEARCHRAT
15
Huawei
3G
EAGCHCODENUM
16
Huawei
3G
UlOlcTrigThd
17
Huawei
3G
SMPAGECTHD & SMPAGERTHD
18
Huawei
3G
TrigRatioforUlRTWP
19
Huawei
3G
20
Huawei
3G
ULHOCERESVSF& ULRRCCERESVSF
21
Huawei
3G
DLLDRTRIGTHD
22
Huawei
3G
RSCALLOCM
23
Huawei
3G
DLCONVAMRTHD
24
Huawei
3G
DLCONVNONAMRTHD
25
Huawei
3G
DLOTHERTHD
26
Huawei
3G
DLHOTHD
27
Huawei
3G
DLCELLTOTALTHD
28
Huawei
3G
DLLDRFIRSTACTION
29
Huawei
3G
DLLDRSECONDACTION
30
Huawei
3G
DLLDRTHIRDACTION
31
Huawei
3G
DLLDRFOURTHACTION
32
Huawei
3G
DLLDRFIFTHACTION
33
Huawei
3G
SLOTFORMAT
34
Huawei
3G
DLLDRRELTHD
35
Huawei
3G
MAXTARGETULLOADFACTOR
36
37
Huawei
Huawei
3G
3G
HSPAPOWER
SM
38
Huawei
2G
MAXPDCHRATE
39
Huawei
2G
PDCHUPLEV
40
Huawei
2G
PDCHDWNLEV
41
Huawei
2G
UPDYNCHNTRANLEV
42
Huawei
2G
DWNDYNCHNTRANLEV
43
Huawei
2G
PSServiceBusyThreshold
44
Huawei
2G
IDLESDTHRES
45
Huawei
2G
TCHBUSYTHRES
46
Huawei
2G
AMRTCHHPRIORALLOW
47
Huawei
2G
AMRTCHHPRIORLOAD
48
49
Siemens
Siemens
2G
2G
SDCCHCONGTH
HRACTT1, HRAMRHRACT1
50
Siemens
2G
GPDPDTCHA
51
Siemens
2G
GASTRABISTH
52
Siemens
2G
CHTYPE=SDCCH (from TCH)
53
Siemens
2G
CHTYPE=TCH (from SDCCH)
54
Siemens
2G
CHTYPE=CCCH (from TCH)
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
Siemens
Nokia
Nokia
Nokia
Nokia
Nokia
Nokia
Nokia
Nokia
Nokia
2G
2G
2G
2G
2G
2G
2G
2G
2G
2G
INIMCSDL
btsSpLoadDepTchRateLower (FRL)
btsSpLoadDepTchRateUpper (FRU)
amrSegLoadDepTchRateLower (AFRL)
amrSegLoadDepTchRateUpper (AFRU)
hoMarginPbgt
dedicatedGPRSCapacity (CDED)
defaultGPRSCapacity (CDEF)
egprsInitMcsAckMode (MCA)
egprsInitMcsUnAckMode (MCU)
Category
Purpose
Power Blocking
Disable uplink call admission control algorithm
Power Blocking
Reduce DL Power Congestion & Increase HS Throughput
CE Blocking
Disable 2ms TTI for HSUPA service
SPU Load
reduce Maximum number of retransmissions of the RRC

CONNECTION REQUEST message.E.g from 3 to 1
RTWP
increase Threshold of selecting TTI 2ms for HSUPA
Overall 3G Radio Blocking
Enable loose CAC algorithm for CS RAB
SPU Load
increase CELL-PCH inactivity timer for UEs enabled with the Fast
Dormancy feature
RTWP
Reduce Uu Load & improve RTWP to increase CS Traffic
Power Blocking
Increase ULTOTALEQUSERNUM (e.g from 160 to 180)
Code Blocking
Reduce HSPDSCHMINCODENUM (e.g from 5 to 4)
Code Blocking
Modify DLHOCECODERESVSF to lower SF (e.g from SF32 to SF 64)
Increase HoASUtmr
RTWP
Increase RLMAXDLPWR & RLMINDLPWR (eg: 0/-150 to 20/-130)
time being increase SSEARCHRAT >0
HSDPA Throughput
increase EAGCHCODENUM, E.g from 1 to 2
Power Blocking
increase UlOlcTrigThd to 100 (while still in ALGORITHM_OFF)
Paging
Increase SMS Threshold e.g from SMPAGECTHD=85,SMPAGERTHD=75

to SMPAGECTHD=95,SMPAGERTHD=85;
RTWP
Increase TrigRatiororUlRTWP e.g 75 to 90
Power Blocking
decrease RLPower : RLMAXDLPWR,RLMINDLPWR (eg. 50,-100 to 0,150 )
Code Blocking
Set lower SF on ULHOCERESVSF& ULRRCCERESVSF e.g SF16->SF32
set DLLDRTRIGTHD to lower value
HSDPA Throughput
Change NodeB Resource allocation mode to Power Code Balance
Power Blocking
Increase DL Power threshold for AMR
Power Blocking
Increase DL Power threshold for Non-AMR
Power Blocking
Increase DL Power threshold for Other
Power Blocking
Increase DL Power threshold for HO
Power Blocking
Increase DL Power Total threshold
Power/Code Blocking
Rearange LDR Sequence
Power/Code Blocking
Power/Code Blocking
Power/Code Blocking
Power/Code Blocking
FACH Congestion
Change FACH SlotFormat to expand FACH Bandwidth using Higher

format ex : from D8 to D10
set DLLDRTRIGTHD to lower value
HSUPA Throughput
Increase UL Load Factor of HSUPA
HSDPA Throughput
HSDPA Throughput
Increase HSDPA Power

Change MACHSPARA SM to MAXCI
PDCH Blocking
Reduce PDCH blocking
PDCH Blocking
Reduce TBF congestion
PDCH Blocking
PDCH Blocking
PDCH Blocking
PDCH Blocking
SDCCH Blocking
Reduce SDCCH blocking
TCH Blocking
Reduce SDCCH & TCH blocking
TCH Blocking
TCH Blocking
SDCCH Blocking
TCH Blocking
Reduce SDCCH Blocking

Reduce TCH Blocking
Increase/decrease dynamic PDCH allocation to reduce
PDCH Blocking
PDCH Blocking
Abis Blocking
Reduce A-bis pool blocking in order to improve PDASR
SDCCH Blocking
Reduce SDCCH Blocking with change Channel Type

from TCH to SDCCH
SDCCH Blocking
Reduce TCH Blocking with change Channel Type from

SDCCH to TCH
SDCCH Blocking
PCU Load
TCH Blocking
TCH Blocking
TCH Blocking
TCH Blocking
TCH Blocking
PDCH Blocking
PDCH Blocking
PDCH Blocking
PDCH Blocking
Resolve AGCH and PCH overload with change Channel

Type from TCH to CCCH
To reduce initial Coding Scheme
Reduce TCH Blocking
Reduce TCH Blocking
Reduce TCH Blocking
Reduce TCH Blocking
Reduce TCH Blocking
Reduce PDCH Blocking
Applicable Condition
When Cell having Low accessibility due UL Power Congestion >0.5%
When Cell having Low accessibility due DL Power

Congestion >0.5%
When Cell having Low accessibility due UL Power Congestion >0.5%
High SPU Load due traffic increase >70%
UL CE Congestion, UL Power Congestion >0.5%
When Cell having Low accessibility due CS RAB Congestion >0.5%
High SPU Load due traffic increase >70%
Cell having high DCR CS with High RTWP indication
When Cell having Low accessibility due UL- Power Blocking for
Existing value is less than 200
When Cell having Low accessibility due Code Blocking >0.5%
When Cell having Low accessibility due Code Blocking >0.5%
when many cells is having High Drop CS due to ASU/SRB Reset

when cell is having High Drop CS due to RL/No Reply & Power
Blocking is low (suggest on cell with high power Capacity & DL
Power cong <0.5%)
when many cells is having High Drop CS due to interference, DCR
>1%
When HSUPA Throughput is low, suitable to optimize adhoc site such
as VIP site
Cell with High UL Power Cong (>0.5%)after Algorithm_OFF . To
implement many cell need consider Processor Load is low to
Medium (<70%)
RNC High Paging deletion (VS.Paging.FC.Disc.Num.CPUS)
Cell with High RTWP and no congestion issue
When Cell having Low accessibility due High DL Power Cong >0.5%
When Cell having Low accessibility due RRC.Rej.ULCE.Cong
Cell with High DL Power Blocking .To implement many cell need
consider Processor Load is low to Medium
When HSDPA Throughput is low, suitable to optimize adhoc site such
as VIP site
When Cell having Low accessibility due High DL Power Cong/Code
Cong >0.5%
Cong >0.5%
Cong >0.5%
Cong >0.5%
Cong >0.5%
When Cell having High FACH Congestion
Cell with High DL Power Blocking .To implement many cell need
consider Processor Load is low to Medium
Low Throughput in Cell Level
PDCH blocking due to no Convertable TCHs

PDCH blocking due to CELL PDCH Ratio Thresh
PDCH blocking due to CELL PDCH Ratio Thresh
TCH blocking & SDCCH, TCH blocking

SDCCH Utilization > 80%
TCH Blocking Rate > 1%
PDCH Blocking Rate > 1%
Abis Pool Loss Rate > 0.5%
SDCCH Blocking > 0.5%
TCH Blocking > 1% AND SDCCH Utilization < 50%
PCH load + AGCH load > 80%
PCU Load > 90% and PDCH Blocking Rate > 1%
Cons
Noise will increase without admission control Algorithm,
might increase RTWP/degrade EcNo
CS/PS CDR may increase on RNC has the poor
coverage, or the coverage radius is big, use higher
PILOTPO=8 on this condition
HSUPA Throughput will degraded with only 10 ms TTI
lower value UE experiences difficulty accessing the
network when the Uu interface quality is poor or the
system is overloaded
user perceive will degraded with higher threshold to HO
from 10ms to 2ms TTI
PS service setup success rate and the cell capacity for
PS services will decrease in the case of cell resource
congestion
PS Total Traffic will decrease & RRC SR will statistically
degrade due less attempt
If value is larger, the cell capacity for uplink equivalent

user number (ENU) is large and more users will be
admitted
HSDPA Throughput will degraded with lower PDSCH
Code
degrading bitrate might occur while HO or RRC
SHO Overhead will be degraded
DL Power Cong will increase
Traffic aggresively to 2G
higher value will waste downlink codes
impact to processor load if too many cells implemented
increase CPU Load

Might impact to capacity since UE QOS will trigger to
TTI 2ms in case of overload
Fail due Uu No reply/RL fail will increase
degrading bitrate might occur while HO or RRC
SET
MACHSPARA:LOCELL=4,RSCALLOCM=POWERCODE_BAL
;
Noise will increase, might increase RTWP
Throughput
Throughput
Throughput
Throughput
Throughput
Throughput
TCH utilization
quality
quality
quality
Possible increase TCH Blocking
Degraded voice quality and SQI
Low throughput
Possible increase SDCCH Blocking
Low throughput
Command Sample (O
MOD UCELLALGOSWITCH:CELLID=xxxxx,NBMULCA
SET UFRC:PILOTPO=4,DLDPCHSF
SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH:MAPSWITCH=MA
SET UIDLEMODETIMER:
SET UFRC:BEHSUPA2MSTTIRAT
MOD UCELLALGOSWITCH:CELLID=XXXXX,
SET UPSINACTTIMER:PSINACTTMRFO
MOD UCELLHSDPCCH:CELLID=XXXXX,CQIFBC
MOD UCELLCAC:CELLID=XXXXX,ULTO
MOD UCELLHSDPA:CELLID=XXXXX,ALLOCCODEMO
MOD UCELLCAC:CELLID=31890,DLHO
SET USTATETIMER:HOASU
MOD UCELLRLPWR:RLMAXDLPWR=2
ADD UCELLSELRESEL:CELLID=XXX
ADD UCELLHSUPA:CELLID=31890,E
ADD UCELLLDM:CELLID=31890,UL
SET FCCPUTHD:BRDCLASS=XPU,SMPAGEC
MOD UCELLLDM:CELLID=XXXXX,TRIG
MOD UCELLRLPWR:RLMAXDLPWR=0
ADD UCELLCAC:CELLID=31890,ULH
ADD UCELLLDM:CELLID=31890,D
SET MACHSPARA:LOCELL=4,RSCALLO
MOD UCELLCAC: CELLID=1, DLC
MOD UCELLCAC: CELLID=1, DLCON
MOD UCELLCAC: CELLID=1, DL
MOD UCELLCAC: CELLID=1, D
MOD UCELLCAC: CELLID=1, DLC
MOD UCELLLDR: CELLID=1, DLLDRFI
MOD UCELLLDR: CELLID=1, DLLDRSECON
MOD UCELLLDR: CELLID=1, DLLDRTHI
MOD UCELLLDR: CELLID=1, DLLDRFOURTHACT
MOD UCELLLDR: CELLID=1, DLLDRFIFTHACTIO
DEA UCELL: CELLID=

DEA USCCPCH: CELLID=3070
RMV UFACHLOCH: CELLID=307

RMV UFACHDYNTFS: CELLID=30706, TR
RMV UFACHDYNTFS: CELLID=30706, TR
RMV UFACH: CELLID=30706
RMV UFACH: CELLID=30706
RMV USCCPCH: CELLID=3070
ADD USCCPCHBASIC: CELLID=30706, PHYCHID=9, SCCPCHOFFSET=100, SC

ADD USCCPCHTFC: CELLID=30706,
ADD UFACH: CELLID=30706, PHYCHID=9, TRCHID=4, RATEMATCHINGATTR=220, TOAWS=
ADD UFACH: CELLID=30706, PHYCHID=9, TRCHID=5, RATEMATCHINGATTR=130, TOAWS
CHCODINGTYPE=TU
ADD UFACHDYNTFS:CELLID=30706, TRCHID=4, RLCSIZE=168, TFSNUMB
ADD UFACHDYNTFS:CELLID=30706, TRCHID=5, RLCSIZE=360, TFSNUMB
ADD UFACHLOCH: CELLID=307
ACT USCCPCH: CELLID=3070
ACT UCELL: CELLID=3
ADD UCELLLDM:CELLID=31890,D
MOD UCELLHSUPA: CellId=1, MAXTARG
MOD UCELLHSDPA: CellId=1,

SET MACHSPARA:LOCELL=1
SET GCELLPSCHM: IDTYPE=BYID, CELLID
SET GCELLPSCHM:IDTYPE=BYID,CELL
SET GCELLPSCHM:IDTYPE=BYID,CELLID
SET GCELLPSCHM:IDTYPE=BYID,CELLID=
SET GCELLPSCHM:IDTYPE=BYID,CELLID=1
SET GCELLPSCHM:IDTYPE=BYID,CELLID=1,PS
SET GCELLCHMGBASIC:IDTYPE=BYID,CE
SET GCELLCHMGAD:IDTYPE=BYID,CELL
SET GCELLCHMGAD:IDTYPE=BYID,CELLID=1,AMRTCHHPR
SET GCELLCHMGAD:IDTYPE=BYID,CELLID=1,AMRTCHHPR

Equipment
Tech
Parameter Name
Category
Huawei
3G
BeHsupa2msTTIratethd
RTWP
Huawei
3G
CQIFbCk, CQIFbCkforSHO
RTWP
Huawei
3G
RTWP
Huawei
3G
TrigRatioforUlRTWP
RTWP
Purpose
increase Threshold of selecting TTI 2ms for HSUPA
UL CE Congestion, UL Power Congestion >0.5%
Reduce Uu Load & improve RTWP to increase CS Traffic
Cell having high DCR CS with High RTWP indication
Increase RLMAXDLPWR & RLMINDLPWR (eg: 0/-150 to 20/130)
when cell is having High Drop CS due to RL/No Reply &

Power Blocking is low (suggest on cell with high power
Capacity & DL Power cong <0.5%)
Increase TrigRatiororUlRTWP e.g 75 to 90
Cell with High RTWP and no congestion issue
Cons
Command Sample (Optional)
user perceive will degraded with higher threshold to HO

from 10ms to 2ms TTI
SET UFRC:BEHSUPA2MSTTIRATETHS=D1024;
MOD
UCELLHSDPCCH:CELLID=XXXXX,CQIFBCK=D20,CQIFBCKFO
RSHO=D20
DL Power Cong will increase
MOD UCELLRLPWR:RLMAXDLPWR=20, RLMINDLPWR=-130
Might impact to capacity since UE QOS will trigger to TTI

2ms in case of overload
MOD
UCELLLDM:CELLID=XXXXX,TRIGRATIOFORULRTWP=73;

Equipment
Tech
Parameter Name
Category
Huawei
3G
EAGCHCODENUM
HSDPA Throughput
Huawei
3G
RSCALLOCM
HSDPA Throughput
Huawei
3G
MAXTARGETULLOADFACTOR
HSUPA Throughput
Huawei
3G
HSPAPOWER
HSDPA Throughput
Huawei
3G
SM
HSDPA Throughput
Purpose
increase EAGCHCODENUM, E.g from 1 to 2
When HSUPA Throughput is low, suitable to optimize adhoc

site such as VIP site
Change NodeB Resource allocation mode to Power Code Balance
When HSDPA Throughput is low, suitable to optimize adhoc

site such as VIP site
Increase UL Load Factor of HSUPA
Increase HSDPA Power
Change MACHSPARA SM to MAXCI
Cons
Command Sample (Optional)
higher value will waste downlink codes
ADD UCELLHSUPA:CELLID=31890,EAGCHCODENUM=2;
SET
MACHSPARA:LOCELL=4,RSCALLOCM=POWE
RCODE_BAL;
SET MACHSPARA:LOCELL=4,RSCALLOCM=POWERCODE_BAL;
MOD UCELLHSUPA: CellId=1, MAXTARGETULLOADFACTOR=90;
MOD UCELLHSDPA: CellId=1, HspaPower=0;
SET MACHSPARA:LOCELL=1,SM=MAXCI;

RNO Analysis Mate V1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

RNO Analysis Mate V1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

RNO Analysis Mate

Click to return to main page

Iub Blocking/Iub High Util

Verify Iub BW setting in Node-B and in RNC.

DL- Power Blocking/DL - Power High Util

UL- Power Blocking

CE license and/or board upgrade

Modify DL CAC parameters set to

Reduce HSPDSCHMINCODENUM (e.g

Reduce HSSCCHCODENUM (e.g from 4

Click to return to main page

Channel Element (CE) Resource

NodeB CE Capacity Specifications

Rules for Calculating CE Consumption

Common ChannelsCE Consumption

HSDPA ChannelsCE Consumption

R99 ServiceCE Consumption

HSUPA ServiceCE Consumption

CE Consumption of 4-Way Receive Diversity

Click to return to main page

A Primary CPICH enters the reporting range; addition of a radio link.

Change of best frequency

Tx power becomes larger than an absolute threshold; start compressed mode

The UE position changes more than an absolute threshold

Click to return to main page

Note 2 : REs/PRB varies depending on CFI value as follows.

CQI is carried by PUCCH or PUSCH depending on the situation as follows.

< Two Important CQI Table >

This table is used in following case :

Click to return to main page

Click to return to main page

Click to return to main page

Click to return to main page

Handover and Related Parameters

4.8.2Minimum Downlink Power of Handover Candidate Cells (rxLevMinCell)

guarantees communication quality.

helps allocate traffic between cells averagely.

Especially in multi-layer network structure, to maintain MS in a network lay

4.8.3Handover Threshold at Uplink Edge

it to 25 in urban areas without PBGT handover.

it to 20 in single site of suburban areas.

it to 20 in urban areas with PBGT handover

III.Configuration and Influence

4.8.4Handover Threshold at Downlink Edge

it to 30 in urban areas without PBGT handover.

it to 25 in single site of suburban areas.

it to 25 in urban areas with PBGT handover

III.Configuration and Influence

4.8.5Downlink Quality Restriction of Emergency Handover

4.8.6Uplink Quality Restriction of Emergency Handover

4.8.7Uplink Quality Threshold of Interference Handover

uplink received quality is lower than the uplink quality threshold

4.8.8Downlink Quality Threshold of Interference Handover

downlink received level is higher than the downlink received pow

downlink received quality is lower than the downlink quality thres

4.8.9Uplink Received Power Threshold of Interference Handover

uplink received quality is lower than the uplink quality threshold

4.8.10Downlink Received Power Threshold of Interference Handover

downlink received level is higher than the downlink received pow

downlink received quality is lower than the downlink quality thres

4.8.11Maximum Repeated Times of Physical Messages (NY1)

1)Calculate related RF features.

4.8.12Multiband Indicator (multiband_reporting)