cchiuchpnhkthuts

Kthutchppnhchndung
Nhipnhnichungluncnschtrngvbcc,nhsng.Vinhchndungthngun
snglquantrngnht.Cncnhnggccnhhiha,bchnhthcsntngvgi
cmlmctiucangichp.
nhmtbgibtcYanomami,mttcngidasngNamM.nh:Public
Anthropology.Chnlamynh:Mychuynnghiphaykhngchuyntrnthtrng,khng
phimynocngchpcnhchndung.Aikhnghiuschorngmynochng
chpc,cnggnvolxong.Thcra,cngngxavitiitng,nhcngp.Vi
dngchuynnghipcncngknhtelezoomtiuct135mmtrlnlttnht.Ccloi
cameradulchsngynayczoom,pngcyucuchptxanhngkhongcchbao
nhiu,sovimy"pr"nhthnothbncnthamkhothtrngmynh.Crtnhiuloi
khcnhau.Cloituyldngamateurnhngchcnnglirtchuynnghip(CanonPower
ShotPro1...cngknhtelezoomtiuclnti200mm).Nhngcngcloi,ngknhric
vlmychuynnghipnhnglildnhchodnkhngchuyn(NikonD50,D70..).Nhng
modelnythngcgilbnchuynnghip.
KinhnghimchpvxlnhschonginghipdNhngiulukhimuamynhs10
'cchiu'chpnhkthutsMynhsthngthngngknhzoomquanghcck
hiubngx(4x,7x,9x...19x...).Conscngln,ngknhvnxaccngnhiu.iu
cnghanubnmunchpchndung,bnnndngcameraczoomtkhong7xtrln.
Khongcchgiamynhvitngtithiuchng10m.ChicCanonPro1nhtrnc
zoom7xqubnthamnnimammhnhnhcamnh.
Chnlanhsng:Ninnhlnitinhsng.Khngcnhsngskhngchpc
nh.Ngunsngngoichcnngchnhcnlmtyutdintcip,sangtrngcas
sng,vlimnhntrongnidungbcnh.nhnngbanngyvngrcr,trongmcnh
sngtamtvngchmchmnini,nhngnhhoquangxungquanhsvt,nhnta
xunglunglinh,huynohaynhnsnkhuymusc,Ttchintngcangun
sngchnhlcipmbnscmnhnc.
Khngphilcnotacngccmtngunsngthunttnht.bvonhngngun
sngthiu,giichuynnghipthngmangtheomttmhtsng.Htsngcnggpphnlm
chokhunmtngicchpsnguhocvinhiucchkhcnhau,phngphpnyto
cchiusu,tokhichoitng.Vimtmingbacchng50x60cmgpilic,
bndnlncctmgiybccabaothuclbnsctmhtsngrthayvhiuqu.
nhsngtnhngmugiybcnysxuatannhngchti,nhngimkhuttngvngca
itngnhhcmt,hcmi,vngc...nhbtnhngnpnhnnhginua,rtkhchu
caconngi,tochobcnhnhngnttitr,honm.
Ngunsngphcngrtquantrng.Lmtyutdintcip,cithncaconngi.
nhndulunglaytasngmtvngnhtrngngmtngitrongnh.Nngchiuxint
phasauhoctbncnhcthlmchositcnibtln,thpthongnhngvintrngxung
quanhnhnvtlcsinngtaxungbvai
Vingtelef200mm,mysNikonD70,tc500,khuf4,lc15hchiumah,
trinng.Chndungcngnibttrnnnphngphasaulngiingnhei.Ntln

tngsiru.nh:Sohoa.net.Kthutchp:chpcnhbnphihiuthnoltc,
khu.Khidngtingknhtelezoom(ngknhzoomvtelezoomlhailoikhcnhau)
tccatrp(speed)cnngmthtnhanh,khongt1/125''trlnngnghavivic
nhsngcnng,khumctrungbnhf5.6.Nubntdiconsny,nhsmtnt
vrungtaytrphicameractlnchnbacng.Cchttnhtlbncnhtccao
trongiukintrinng,thunsngbngphmchcnngStrnmy,khiykhustng
ngmgipbncctmhnhchunsng.Ngoira,nhngloimychuynnghipcnc
chcnngcng,trsnggipngithcchnhnhnhtrongnhnghoncnhkhc
nhau.Cngvitcdngcangknhtelezoom,tccngcao,caiusngmcngrng
thhucnhcngm,khunmtngicchpcngntcngvnibtlntrnnnphng
lbtkmtvtgbnhei.
ngngangtrnnnphngnhchndunglsaihontonvkthutlnnghthut.Chvi
mtvchno,mtsidyinhaympcabctng,nhngngthngctngangu
ngivtnhlmhngihnhnhquantrngcabn.ngnhin,bcnhnykhi
cmangidthinghthutskhngcchpnhn.
Bcchnhnh:nhchndungchailoi:chndungbnthnvchndungcngi.Thng
thng,phnnhiungikhininchndunglnghntmhnhngibnthn(tngctr
ln).nhbnthnbnkhngnnchpthngmt,khngcnhnthychaitai(ylnh
hs).Mtnginnquaychchhngsovicamera,cthnhnvomyhocnhnich
khc,mmng,xaxm,ngclnhaynhnthpxung.Bntmysaochokhnggianpha
mtngiangquayvhngrnggpisaulng.
imnglukhngkmlkiudng.Tth,dngdpcaitngcchprtquan
trngchobchnhbnthn.Nbtnguntdichntrln.Khngphicngthngngi,
mtxoayvmtbnlc.Bncnphitodngchoitnggingnhchpcngi,lm
saommmi,sngng,kthpctthcachn,tayhoccthngihayngckiu
dngtytheocsngtocabn.
Kinhnghimchpvxlnhschonginghipd

ilcbnhaythcmcsaohnhlitithny,nhenhotthkia.Dkhngphilth,bn
vncthccnhngbcnhphnvimtchthiubitthmvnguynlvkthut.
Mimtchicmynhucmenucit.Trckhithchinccbccit,vicutin
lchnchchp.Thngthngnhngloimyimid"xn"haykhngthucnphi
chnkchcvchtlngnh.Cnhngloimydngkhiulccdusao,cngnhiusao
chtlnghnhcngp.Cnliccdngmykhchinthbngch(S,M,L)hocscnh
(pixel),scngtoschoratmnhphn,cthinnhkhln.
ChnhISO:Gingnhkhichpbngmynhtruynthng,bnphimuaphimcinhyph
hpviiukinnhsngthvimynhscngvy,bnnnISO(nhybtsng)lm
saovadchp,vap.nhycaoddngchptrongiukintrismti,m,haytrong
nh,nhngsgyhintngrnnh,vht.Nhvy,bnnnISO200chotrinngv400
ivitrism.Vi800hoc1600chnndngtrongtrnghpbtcdhayvbuim
mkhngphtnchp.
Trnntiukhinthngc2ti3chlynhsnggipbnchntheomun:
VtrA(Aperture),khngdngnFlash:Cnhkhu,tngtc.Bngkhutrntt
cccmycccconsf2.8,4,5.6,8,11,16,22mm.Scngcaothcaiusngng

cngnhschontnhcngsu.Chnghnkhibnchpmthngdingimmynh
gnngiutinnht,mynhngf22mm,nhsntrtsutngiutinchon
ngicuicng(viiukinngknhkhngzoomtiuclnhn50mm).Nuf4hocf2.8
mmthnhchntckhong1n2ngiutin.Tytheoccconstrnmnt
nng,sucngnhlulngnhsngvonhthayi.chAnykhichpchphhp
vingunsngmnh,khong8hsngn6hchiumah(khngpdngkhichptrongnh).
Nubnctnhchnykhichpnhtrongnhhoctrongiukinnhsngyu,tc
mntrpstnghxunggynnhintngrungtay,nhnhenttrphicameract
lnchnmyhocvtcng.
nhchptrongnhcnneon,khngphtnchp,hucnhsnguviitng
chp.
ChpdngFlash,hucnhtinhnkhngrchititphasauitng.VtrS
(Speed),khngdngFlash:Cnhtc,tngkhu.Chnyccthnhchuyn
nghipthngtdngvrtkhchpivimynhscnhynhsngcao.Cccons
tctrnmythnglt2"(2giy)n1/2000"(mtphn2000giy).mbochomt
tmhnhkhngbmtntkhichp,nhsngngoitrikhngsms,mtngihocvtang
chuynnghocdichuynvitcnhanhbnnntct1/125''chon1/2000''(s
cngtothtcngmmntrpcngnhanh,nhsngvocngyu).Khngnhcameradu
lch,ccdngmychuynnghiptcnhanhcthlnti1/4000'',chml32".Tuynhintc
cngcao,ntsucahnhnhcnggim.
VtrAuto(Automatic):Chnytnghontonctclnkhu.Trongiukinnh
sngyu,mystngphtnFlashchobnmbomtbcnhchunsng.Nhc
imcachnylnhchsngcnhngvtrnomnviti.Thngthng,nhng
tmnhdngnflash,hucnhbtitrkhibnchptrongiukintrithtsngvnng.
Cihaycachpflashngayckhicnnglccimkhtcamtngicchpnhhc
mt,hcmi,vngc...khngbti.nflashslmcnbngsngtrntonkhunmt.
CnFlashphnh,mtngipvhihahn,mtkhngbqungti.Hnhnh
cchptccloimydulchvinflashtngcthsxuhnsoviccthchuyn
nghipbiccnphtsngthoricchManual(chnmcxnh,trungbnhhocpht
htnnglng).Trongbtktnhtrngnhsngno,ccnhipnhgiasdngchxn
hplvasngmlikhngtihucnh,gccnhtrnmthihamkhngbbthayb
"lp"sng.
VtrM(Manual):Chntc,khutheomun.dngcchcnngnyivimy
nhsngaycccphngvinnh,thchuynnghipcngphirtlngtngkhisdng,c
khikhngaidmdng.Tngmtkhuhaygimmttcchcnchnhsaimtconstm
nhcththiusnghocdsngnmctinghip.Ckhiphichnhitcnbabn
lnmichpctmnhvasng.
XlnhbngPhotoshopsaukhichp
Thngthng,saukhichpbngchtng,nhtcardvomytnhsthynhhiti
en.BnphicnnmtchicmytnhccisnphnmmPhotoshopxlchng.
Chnhsanhngtmhnhsaochopmingimtththutring.Sauylmtbquyt
nhchobnthamkho.

Ccthaotcchnhsasaukhimmttmhnhvachp:
Open\Image\Adjustment\Curves
bngCurves,bncthkodycngchosaochovasngnhhocnhsvophn
"Input","Output".
Image\Adjustment\Autocolor.ylphntngchnhmuphhp.Phnnythaotcxong
mbnthymuxuhncnghalmuchunbnhybmCtr+Zhonli.
Chaxong,bncnchnhcontrastbngcch:Image\Adjustment\Brightness/Contrast.Ko
thanhcontrastlnkhong10n12,nuchathyncthtngthmchtna.Bnsthy
tngphncaohn,muphn.
Image\Adjustment\ColorBalance.Phngphpchnhmudtrnnh.Nuhnhthinvmu
,bnhytngmuxanhhocgimchnhmui.
Image\Adjustment\Saturation.bngcngcnybnkothanhSaturationlnhocnhmt
conshplmkhngnhiuqu.Lcnymustihn,rcrhn,bncmttmnh
tuytho.
Image\Adjustment\SelectiveColor.Cuicngbnchnhnhngmuringbittheomun.Cn
trittiuhaythmmugclickvomurichnh.Bnsctmhnhnh.1.Lmm
sc
Chcbnilnthycctmnhccmgiclnhlnh.ldothitlpcnbngsng
chomyctch"tng".Vvy,khichpngoitrinng,bnnnchnhtch
"auto"sang"cloudy".Shiuchnhnygingnhvictmttmlcmplnthuknh,lm
tngscvvng.
Hnhnychpchcnbngsngtng(auto).Hnhnychpchcn
bngsngm(cloudy)vcpknhmtCostaDelMartrcngknh.2.Dngknhmt
Nuthcsmuntontngchonhngtmhnh,bnhydngmtblcbngknhphn
cckhichpngoitrinng.cgimcngsngvccphnchiukhngmongmun,
hnhnhsgiumuscvmnthn,nhtlcnhchpbutri.
Numynhcabnkhngkmblc,hydngmtmtknhmtloitt,tstngknhri
chnhvtrcankhinhnquamnhnhLCD.
tohiungmnhnht,hyngsaochomttriphatrnvaitrihocvaiphicabn.
Chtlngnhsttnhtkhingunsngchiumtgc90vovtth.
Tmnhnykhngcchpquablc.Tmnhnydngcpknhmtttrc
ngknh,torascmhnvbutrisuthmhn.3.Thhinchndungngoitrinng
Mttrongnhngtnhnngbmtngiutrongchicmynhslch"fillflash"haycngi
l"flashon".Sdnghpltnhnngny,bnstincmtbcquantrngtrongvic
chpcnhngoitri.
ch"flashon",cameraphisnghnhnntrcrimithmsngphnchiui
tngmbnchnlmtm.ycnglththutmthnhchpmcipdngnhiu
nmnay.
aitngchpvobngrm,dngchfillflash,bnscbcnhmccnh
nnlntmnhucthhinmccaonht.Bncthpdngkthuttitng

chpvtrmmttrichiusngttcnbnhnghocbnlng(thnggilvinchiu)
hocaitngnmtbngcyridngflashchiu.iunyskhin"ngimu"
thoimihn,khngbnheomt.
Mtiuchnaltmnhhngcanflashtchhptrongcamerachkhong3mhoct
hn,do,khngnnngxaitngkhichpngoitri.
4.ChpcncnhvichMacroMode
Khinhnranhngthgiithonthvvmunlugihnhnh,bnkhngcnnmdirann
tkhidngch"closeup"hay"macromode"trnmynhs.
BnghoanycchpchCloseup,nflashtt.Nhngch,khidngch
nybnchccchiusuhnch.Vvy,hytptrungvophnquantrngnhtchp.
5.Chnhngchntri
Thuknhquangcacamerathng"bpmo"hnhnhkhihinthphongcnhrngtrnmn
hnhLCD2inch.Nhnghngcyngthngtrongmtbncvnhbcongvotrnmn
hnhvkhinngichpmtnhhng.
Bnhytmngchntritrongtnhinnhhng.ikhiphidngngthng
nibinvtrigpnhauhaymtditvtngang.Trongtmnhny,bcahncc
dngcnchnh.Nhvy,hycgngchphnhvingchntrinmthtngangbng.
6.Thnhdunglngln
Thnhclnsgipbnlutrnhiunhhnvmitmnhcdunglnglnstora
chtlngtthn(mn,musc...).Vd:mynh3.0megapixelcntnhtth256MB,4.0
megapixelcntnht512MBhay6.0megapixelcntht1GBtrln.
7.Chnhkchcnh
Khibnhchophp,bncththoiminhchpcckchckhcnhau,nhngtthn
hthynhphngiicaonht.Vd:nhckchc640x480khiinrachbngmt
tmdanhthip,cnc2272x1702schoratmnhlnvscntcthintrntpch.
8.Gi
Thitb3chnnytrarthudngdhicngknh.Trnthtrngcngcloinhgnhn
vthchhpchomitnhhung.Gigipbntchpmnhhaytrnhbrungtaydothm
mt.
GiUltrapodII,snphmcaPedco,nhgn,khong20USD.9.tgichp
Chcnngnyctrnhuhtccloimynhsvicn10giysaukhibmnt.
Bncthdng"selftimer"chonhiutnhhungkhcnhaunhtcnhnnchpchnh
mnhhaybthnhtrichm.
10.Chphnhncchychm
Cchnhnhntngnyctorabngcchtmbccchunchomtdngncchy,
saucatrpmtrongmt,haigiy.Bnscnngicnhcameratrongqu
trnhchpdivchcnngselftimerhcatrp.Numynhcabncchtm
cacathttheof8,f11hayf16.iunysgipbntorachiusuchocnhvgip
catrpngtt.
Bcnhdngthcchychmnycchpbngcchtmynhlngi,ca

trpngsauhn1giy.
7bquytnngtnhnghthutchonhs