TEMPERATURE RISE IN PLAIN WALLED TANKS

Transformer wall dissipates heat in radiation & convection.

For a temperature rise of 400C above the ambient temperature of 200C,
the heat dissipations are as follows:
Specific heat dissipation by radiation,rad=6 W/m2.0C
Specific heat dissipation by convection, conv=6.5 W/m2.0C
Total heat dissipation in plain wall 12.5 W/m2.0C
The temperature rise,

P Pc
Total losses
i
12.5 S t
Specific heat Heat dissipatin g

Dissipatio n surface of tank

S t Heat dissipating surface

Dissipation by convection is equal to that of 35% of tube surface area. i.e.,
35% tube area is added to actual tube area.

DESIGN OF TANKS WITH COOLING TUBES

Let, Dissipating surface of tank St
Dissipating surface of tubes XSt
Loss dissipated by surface of the tank by radiation and convection =

6 6 .5 S t

12.5S t

Loss dissipated by
135
XS t 8.8 XS t
6.5
tubes by convection
100
Total loss dissipated
12.5S t 8.8 XS t 12.5 8.8 X S t (1)
by walls and tubes

Actual total area of tank wall s and tubes S t XS t S t (1 X )

Total losses dissipated

Total area
S
(
12
.
5
8.8 X ) (12.5 8.8 X )
Loss dissipated per m 2 of dissipatin g surface t

(2)
S t (1 X )
(1 X )
Loss dissipated per m 2 of dissipatin g surface

Temperatur e rise in

Total loss

Transforme r with cooling tubes
Loss Dissipated
Total losses, Ploss Pi Pc (3)
From (1) and (3), we have,
(12.5 8.8 X )
8.8 X

Pi Pc
S t (12.5 8.8 X )

Pi Pc
St

Pi Pc
12.5
St

Total area of cooling tubes

1 Pi Pc
1 Pi Pc

12.5 S t
12.5S t (5)

8.8 S t
8.8

Let , l t Length of tubes

d t Diameter of tubes
Surface area of tubes d t l t
Total area of tubes
Area of each tube
1
Pi Pc

nt
12.5S t (6)

8.8 d t l t

Total number of tubes, nt

Standard diameter of cooling tube is 50mm & length depends on the

height of the tank.
Centre to centre spacing is 75mm.
DIMENSIONS OF THE TANK:
Let, C1 Clearance b/w winding and tank along width
C2 - Clearance b/w winding and tank along length
C3 Clearance b/w the transformer frame and tank at the bottom
C4 - Clearance b/w the transformer frame and tank at the top
Doc Outer diameter of the coil.
Width of the tank, WT=2D+ Doc +2 C1 (For 3 Transformer)

= D+ Doc +2 C1 (For 1 Transformer)

Length of the tank, LT= Doc +2 C2
Height of the tank, HT=H+C3+ C4
Clearance on the sides depends on the voltage & power ratings.
Clearance at the bottom depends on the space required for mounting the
frame

C
4

H
T

L
T

Do