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Oracle Applications 11i Architecture

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E-Business: Oracle Applications 11 i

Oracle Applications Release 11i
Oracle is a complete enterprise suite of

e- Business Suite

Financial,
Human Resources,
Manufacturing,
Supply Chain,
Front Office Applications

Release 11i uses a Java-based interface

Benefit of graphical client/server software without
installing
Oracle Applications client software on each users
desktop.
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Oracle Product Families

Oracle Distribution
Oracle Manufacturing
Oracle Projects
Oracle Self service
Oracle Vertical Applications

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Oracle Applications
Product Families
Oracle Business Productivity

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Oracle Applications DBA

Oracle Application Object Library
Oracle Alert
Oracle Applications Implementation Wizard
Oracle Workflow

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Internet Computing Architecture

Internet Computing Architecture is a framework for threetiered, distributed computing that supports Oracle
Applications products.
The three tiers are the database tier, which manages Oracle8i
database; the application tier, which manages Oracle
Applications and other tools; and the desktop tier, which
provides the user interface display.
With Internet Computing Architecture, only the presentation
layer of Oracle Applications is on the desktop tier in the form
of a plug-in to a standard Internet browser.

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Oracle Applications 11i

Release 11i includes two principal product suites: Enterprise
Resource Planning (ERP) products, and Customer Relationship
Management (CRM) products.
Forms-based Products :

In Release 11 and 11i, the client interface is provided through a

Java applet.
The client can download the applet on demand, or cache the applet
locally and download only when the applet is updated
All updates are installed on the server and are downloaded to the
client automatically from the server.
ICA provides Oracle Applications with a framework for multi-tier,
distributed computing. In the multi-tier computing model, various
functions of the Oracle Applications architecture are distributed
among multiple levels, or tiers, of machines.
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Oracle Applications11i Architecture

Application Tier

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Form Based Architecture

Servlet Engine
Java Server Pages (JSP)

WebDB
Discoverer

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Form Based Architecture

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Desktop Client Tier

The desktop client runs a Java applet using a Java-enabled
web browser or appletviewer.
The applet sends user requests to the forms server and
handles such responses as screen updates, pop-up lists,
graphical widgets, and cursor movement.
The desktop clients Java applet is another component of
Oracles Developer 6i application development tool called the
Forms client applet.
It can display any Oracle Applications screen and supports
field-level validation, multiple coordinated windows, and data
entry aids like lists of values.

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Application Tier
The application servers form the middle tier between the
desktop clients and Release 11 database servers.
They provide load balancing, business logic, and other
functionality.
In installations that use multiple application servers, only one
needs to run the Oracle Web Application Server software.
The application tier has Forms server, Reports Server, HTTP
Server (WebDB/Apache HTTP), Concurrent Processing
server, Discoverer Server, Administration Server
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Application Tier: Form Server

Forms Server and Forms Client
The application tier software used in most ERP and CRM products is the
Forms server.
The Forms server mediates between the Forms client, a Java applet
running on the desktop, and the Oracle8i database server on the back
end.
The Forms server produces the effects a user sees on the desktop
screen and causes changes to database records based on user actions.
Both the Forms server and Forms client are components of Oracle
Forms. The two exchange messages across a standard network
connection, which may be either TCP/IP, or HTTP with or without SSL
(Secure Sockets Layer).

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Form Server
The Forms client can display any Oracle Applications screen,
and provides field-level validation, multiple coordinated
windows, and data entry aids such as list of values.
A Java-enabled Web browser manages the downloading,
start-up, and execution of the Forms client on the desktop.
Another software component, the HTTP server, helps start a
client session over the internal or external Web. The HTTP
server in Release 11i is WebDB

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Forms Development Environment

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Database Tier
Release 11 Database Tier
The database tier holds all data and data-intensive programs, and
processes all SQL requests for data
The database tier includes the
Oracle8 Server
administration server
concurrent processing server.

Machines in this tier do not communicate directly with Applications

users
Communicate with machines on the application tier that mediate
these communications, or with other servers on the Release 11
database tier.

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Database Tier
Database Server
The Release 11 database server contains the data associated
with Oracle Applications.
This machine does not contain any Oracle Applications files,
only the Oracle8 Server files, and an Applications database
instance that physically stores the tables, indexes, and other
database objects for your installation.
The installation process for Oracle Applications
begins at database tier, by installing and creating a database and
configuring Net8 to accept connections from other servers.
Once you have created your database, you administer the
Applications data from the administration server.
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Database Tier
Administration Server
The administration server is the machine from which you maintain
the data in your Applications database.
There are three types of operations you will carry out here, each
using a different program:
Installing and upgrading the database. You use the AutoInstall program
to do this.
Applying Applications database updates. You use the AutoPatch
program to apply the updates ( bugs fixes) to the database objects
from the administration server
Maintaining the Applications data. The AD Administration program
(adadmin) allows you to do this.

These administration tasks can only be performed when users are

not accessing the system, and none of the operations listed above
provide interaction with Applications users .
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Concurrent Processing Server

An Oracle Applications server that runs time-consuming,
non-interactive tasks in the background.
Configured on separate machine for performance.
Used to support reporting & server based concurrent
programs ( Oracle Applications).
Most of the time, the concurrent processing servers only
communicate directly with the Release 11 database server.
All concurrent requests are entered and controlled through
Applications forms, which update information in database
tables. These tables are then polled on a regular basis by the
Internal concurrent manager process.
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Report Reviewing
Report Reviewer
Oracle Applications uses a tool called the Report Review
Agent to view concurrent processing files online.
This utility is on the concurrent processing server and uses
Net8 to transfer files from the concurrent processing server
to the forms server.
It then transmits the file contentsone page at a time or in
its entiretyto the desktop client.
The forms server sends reports to the client web browser for
online viewing in either unformatted text, native HTML or
Adobe Acrobat format.
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Oracle Applications HTML Based Products

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HTML-Based Products
In addition to Forms-based products, Release 11i includes
other products that are not Forms-based, such as the Oracle
Self-Service Web Applications products, Oracle Workflow,
and the Oracle Business Intelligence System (BIS) products.
Do not use the Forms server as the application tier software
or the Forms client on the desktop
Rely on HTTP-based servers on the application tier and a
Java-enabled Web browser on the desktop.
The Self-Service Applications are designed in pure HTML and
JavaScript, and operate by direct connection to an HTTP
listener running Oracle Web Application Server
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Self Service Applications

Discoverer
Reports
Forms

Concurrent Manager

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Self Service Applications

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HTML-based Products
Logic is controlled through stored procedures that execute
through the Web Application Servers PL/SQL Cartridge, and
Java servletsJava programs executed by the Web
Application Serverthat communicate with the database
using JDBC.
They operate by direct connection to an HTTP server, such as
WebDB or the Apache HTTP server.
The Apache and WebDB servers can be the same machines
used by Oracle Forms.

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HTML based: Business Intelligence Products

Servlet Engine
Java Server Pages (JSP)

WebDB

Forms

Concurrent Manager

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Business Intelligence (BIS)

BIS products use the Oracle Discoverer server and Oracle
Reports server on the application tier. A Java applet running
on desktop client communicates with the HTTP server, which
connects to the Discoverer server or Reports server.
The Discoverer server provides ad hoc analysis;
Reports server supports data analysis and ad hoc queries,
often using summary tables such as monthly aggregates of
data, and returns them to the browser.
The desktop browser initiates the request, the HTML server
passes the request to the Discoverer or Reports server, and
the Discoverer or Reports server gathers the data and returns
it to the browser as HTML.
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BIS
To support BIS ERP products, Release 11i includes a file that
will generate an Oracle Discoverer End User Layer (EUL).
When the EUL is generated, workbooks and queries can be
saved to the database.

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BIS
Desktop Tier

Browser
running Java
applet and
HTML

Application Tier

Database Tier

HTTP Server
(WebDB)
Data Server
Reports Server

Discoverer Server

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Discover End
User
Layer
(EUL)

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Oracle Applications 11i: Technical Architecture

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Oracle Applications
File system Level ( Directory structure & standards)
Database Level
Logical setup in Oracle Applications for above two

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Applications: Directory structure

File management for Oracle Applications.
Directory Structure
Log and Output Files
Basic Directory Structure
In the basic directory structure, a top Applications directory holds
one set of product files.
You create this directory and set the environment variable
APPL_TOP to point to it.
AutoInstall sets up a directory tree for each fully installed or
dependent product in this directory.
AutoInstall also sets up a minimal product tree for all other
products so it can install their database components.
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Application Top Directory ( physical directory)

environment variable referred as APPL_TOP

Fnd
Admin

AU

AR

GL

11.5.0

bin
Admin

forms

Help

reports

sql
11.5.0

bin
Admin

forms

Help

reports
US

driver, import, odf

directories

sql

US

sql

*.sql files

*.rdf files
*.fmx files

Pl/sql procedure,
package definition
files *.pls

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Directory Structure
Product TOP Variables
AutoInstall sets <prod>_TOP environment variables that point to
each products directory tree.
In the installation depicted in earlier slide the variable GL_TOP
points to $APPL_TOP/gl/11.5.0
To display data entry forms for Oracle General Ledger, for
example, the Oracle Applications system accesses files in
$GL_TOP/forms.

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Directory Structure
Forms directory contains executable fmx files.
bin : Contain executables code of your concurrent
programs written in a programming language such as C,
Pro*C, Fortran, or an operating system script.
lib: Contains compiled object code of your concurrent
programs.
Sql : Contains concurrent programs written in SQL*Plus and
PL/SQL scripts.
RESOURCE: Contains PL/SQL libraries used with Oracle
Forms, which must be copied to $AU_TOP for forms
generation.
Reports: contains *.rdf files for reports to be executed thru
concurrent programs.
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Directory Structure
Admin Directory and Environment File
The admin directory (which replaces the install directory from
previous releases) holds files used to install or upgrade any
Oracle Applications products.
This admin directory is used by AutoInstall.
Subdirectories in this directory hold the log and restart files that
record the actions AutoInstall performs.
Java and HTML Files
Java file naming conventions indicate that a machine should have
a single directory under which all Java class files are stored.

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Directory Structure
Localization Directories
For product files, each localization region is treated like a
separate product. Module files are stored in the region
directory trees.
for example European localizations (je).
For this directory tree, AutoInstall sets the variable
JE_TOP to $APPL_TOP/je/11.5.0

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Directory Structure
Log and Output Files
When the concurrent managers run Oracle Applications reports,
they write the output files, as well as diagnostic log files and
temporary files, to directories that you define during the
installation process.

When you install a single Oracle Applications product group,

you can choose one of two methods for storing the groups
log and output files:
Log and output subdirectories in each products directory tree
(default).
One log and one output subdirectory in a common directory.

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Directory Structure
Using Common Directory for all log and out files
You designate the common directory and the subdirectories when
you run AutoInstall or by re-creating the environment file using
adadmin.

The environment file sets

the variable APPLCSF to the common directory
the variables APPLLOG and APPLOUT to the log and output
subdirectories, respectively.
The concurrent managers writes
all log files to $APPLCSF/$APPLLOG
all output files to $APPLCSF/$APPLOUT.

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Oracle Apps Components

Oracle Server Enterprise Edition
SQL*Plus
Net8
JDBC
PL/SQL
SQL*Loader
Developer6i:
Developer6
Oracle Reports6
Oracle Forms6
Java Developers Kit 1.2
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TOP Directory structure

Release 11i Products top directory environment variables,
some examples :
Oracle Application Object Library

fnd

FND_TOP

Oracle Applications Utilities

au

AU_TOP

Oracle Common Modules

ak

AK_TOP

Oracle Inventory

inv

INV_TOP

Oracle Self-Service Web Applications

icx

ICX_TOP

Oracle Work in Process

wip

WIP_TOP

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Product Directory Structure (1 of 2)

Product Directory Structure and File Types :
/bin Contains concurrent programs and other C language
programs. $APPLBIN
/forms Contains .fmx files (Oracle Forms form files). The form
description files (.fmb extension) in $AU_TOP. Oracle Forms
.fmb and .fmx files (separated into subdirectories by language
codes). $APPLFRM
/html Contains .html files (HTML files), which are copied to
$OAH_TOP.
/java Contains .class files (Java class files) and .jar files (Java
ARchives), which are copied to $JAVA_TOP.

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Product Directory Structure (2 of 2)

/log Contains output files for concurrent programs . $APPLLOG.
used if you set up a common directory for log and output files except
in $FND_TOP.
/out Concurrent process output such as reports.
$APPLOUT
/plsql Contains .pll files (PL/SQL library files for Oracle Reports).
PL/SQL libraries used with Oracle Reports. $APPLPLS
/sql Contains .sql files (SQL*Plus scripts). Concurrent programs
written with SQL*Plus (.sql files) or PL/SQL. $APPLSQL
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Oracle Applications Data Model

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Basic Data Model

Each installation of Oracle Application Object Library tables
in an ORACLE.
Database defines a product group. Each product group can
contain any number of Oracle Applications products in
addition to Oracle Application Object Library.

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Product Groups
In Release 11, you can have only one product group in each
database.
The products installed in each database do not have access
to the data of products installed in another database .
The default schema names GL, PO, AP, and APPLSYS by
Auto installation.
Oracle user Ids
Each Oracle Applications product has a default ORACLE user ID
that uses the product abbreviation as both the schema name and
password. Example General Ledger GL/GL

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Schema
APPS schema
Since a products data objects are created in their own schema
(such as the GL schema) and the user accesses all data objects
through the APPS schema
AutoInstall creates the necessary grants and synonyms between the
schemas.
The APPS schema is an ORACLE schema that has access to the
complete Oracle Applications data model. It is analogous to the
SYSTEM schema, which has access to the entire database.
Oracle Applications responsibilities connect to an APPS schema.
AutoInstall automatically sets the environment variable FNDNAM to
the name of the APPS schema.
There is one APPS schema for every product installation group.
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Apps Schema & Base Product Schema

The following code objects are installed in each APPS
schema:
Views
Packages
Procedures
Functions
Triggers
The following objects are installed in the base product
schemas ( like GL is a base product) :
Tables , Sequences, Indexes & Constraint
In addition, there are grants from the tables and sequences to the
APPS schema, as well as synonyms from the APPS schema to
those objects.
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Example
GL ( General Ledger )
GL tables GL indexes GL sequences
INV ( Inventory)
INV tables INV indexes INV sequences
AP ( Accounyts Payables)
AP tables AP indexes AP sequences
APPLSYS ( Application Object Library)
AOL tables AOL indexes AOL sequences
ALR ( Alerts)
ALR tables ALR indexes ALR sequences
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APPS details
APPS schema will contain following:
GL packages GL views GL procedures GL functions GL triggers
INV packages INV views INV procedures INV functions INV triggers
AP packages AP views AP procedures AP functions AP triggers
AOL code objects ALR code objects AD code objects Various grants and
synonyms

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APPS
APPLSYS
AOL tables
AOL indexes
AOL sequences

GL
GL tables
GL indexes
GL sequences

ALR tables
ALR indexes
ALR sequences
AD tables
AD indexes
AD sequences
-

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INV
INV tables
INV indexes
INV sequences

AP
AP tables
AP indexes
AP sequences

Various grants and synonyms

APPS
AOL code objects
ALR code objects
AD code objects

GL packages
GL views
GL procedures
GL functions
GL triggers

INV packages
INV views
INV procedures
INV functions
INV triggers

AP packages
AP views
AP procedures
AP functions
AP triggers

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Accessing Data
Data Access
Some views access packages or functions, but the value
returned by the package or function may depend on the
environment.
The environment is initialized automatically when accessing
Oracle Applications through the Sign-On screen or when
using concurrent processing with Oracle Reports or SQL
scripts.
When accessed from SQL*Plus directly, the site value of the
profile option is used, not the setting for a particular
applications user.
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