3/30/2011

The Hybrid Pi and T Models lecture

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The Hybrid- and T Models

Consider again the small-small signal equations for an npn BJT biased in the
active mode:
ib =

vbe
r

ic = gm v be = ib

ie = ib + ic

(KCL)

Now, analyze this circuit:

ib

ic
+

vbe

gm vbe
= ib

ie

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

3/30/2011

The Hybrid Pi and T Models lecture

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Do these equations look familiar?

From Ohms Law:
ib =

vbe
r

ib

From KCL:
ic = gm v be = ib

ic

vbe

gm vbe
= ib

And also from KCL:

ie = ib + ic

(KCL)

ie

Q: Hey! Arent these the same three equations as the npn BJT small-signal

equations?

A: They are indeed!

With respect to the small-signal currents and voltages in a circuit (but only
small-signal voltages and currents) , an npn BJT in active mode might as well be
this circuit.

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

3/30/2011

The Hybrid Pi and T Models lecture

3/6

Two equivalent circuits

Thus, this circuit can be used as an equivalent circuit for BJT small-signal
analysis (but only for small signal analysis!).

ib

This equivalent circuit is

called the Hybrid- model
for a BJT biased in the
active mode:

ic

vbe

gm vbe
= ib

npn Hybrid- Model

ib =

v be

ie = ib + ic

ie

ic = gm v eb = ib

ie = ib + ic
B

Jim Stiles

ib =

ic = gm v be = ib

ie

v eb

ib

veb
-

pnp Hybrid- Model

gm veb
= ib

ic

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

3/30/2011

The Hybrid Pi and T Models lecture

4/6

An alternative equivalent circuit

Note however, that we can alternatively express the small-signal circuit
equations as:

ib = ie ic

ic = gm vbe = ib

ie =

vbe
re

These equations likewise describes the T-Modelan alternative but equivalent

model to the Hybrid-.

ic

ib = ie ic

npn T-Model
gm v be
B

= ib

ib

re

Jim Stiles

vbe
-

ic = gm v be = ib

vbe
ie =
re

ie

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

3/30/2011

The Hybrid Pi and T Models lecture

5/6

I just couldnt fit the pnp

T-model on the previous page
E

ie
pnp T-Model

re
ib
B

veb
-

gm v be
= ib

Jim Stiles

ib = ie ic
ic = gm veb = ib
ie =

veb
re

ic

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

3/30/2011

The Hybrid Pi and T Models lecture

6/6

So many choices; which should I use?

The Hybrid- and the T circuit models are equivalentthey both will result in
the same correct answer!

Therefore, you do not need to worry about which one to use

for a particular small-signal circuit analysis, either one will
work.

However, you will find that a particular analysis is easier with one model or the
other; a result that is dependent completely on the type of amplifier being
analyzed.
For time being, use the Hybrid- model; later on, we will discuss the types of
amplifiers where the T-model is simplest to use.

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS