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I.
INTRODUCTION
10
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MODELLING OF SHAFT
The horizontal wheels are keyed to two shafts. The shaft has a
diameter of 15 mm. The shaft carries ball bearings to reduce
the effect of friction arising due to the rotation of the shaft.
Two gears are attached to these shafts. So we have selected the
diameter of shaft through the calculation with the help of forces
given to the shafts by gears (force and torque analysis). The
material of shaft used in the prototype is mild steel.
274.91N
Normal load, Fn =
cos cos 20
The value of Ft is obtained from force analysis.
Weight of gear
Wgear 0.00118 Tgear b m
Wgear = 0.00118104204
Wgear = 9.8176 N
Resultant load,
1
Fr
1
(274.912 9.81762 (2 274.91 9.8176 cos 20)) 2
Fr 284.157 N
Bending moment on shaft due to resultant load
M = Fr L
M = 284.157140 = 39782.09Nmm
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Paper Title:- Multi Turbine Micro Hydro Power Generation (Vol.2, Issue-3)
d gear
2
258.33 207
26737.465Nmm
T=
2
Equivalent Torque, Te
1
(M 2 T 2 ) (39783.09 2 26737.465 2 ) 2
d3
T e=
16
Shear stress for the cast iron material, = 60 N/mm2
d3
16 Te 3 16 47932.314
14.9 N / mm 2
60
MODELLING OF BEARINGS
Ball and roller bearings are used widely in instruments and
machines in order to minimize friction and power loss. While
the concept of the ball bearing dates back at least to Leonardo
da Vinci, their design and manufacture has become remarkably
sophisticated. This technology was brought to its p resent
state of perfection only after a long period of research and
development. The benefits of such specialized research can be
obtained when it is possible to use a standardized bearing of
the proper size and type. However, such bearings cannot be
used indiscriminately without a careful study of the loads and
operating conditions. In addition, the bearing must be provided
with adequate mounting, lubrication and sealing.
A ball bearing usually consists of four parts: an inner ring, an
outer ring, the balls and the cage or separator. To increase the
contact area and permit larger loads to be carried, the balls run
in curvilinear grooves in the rings. The radius of the groove is
slightly larger than the radius of the ball, and a very slight
amount of radial play must be provided. The bearing is thus
permitted to adjust itself to small amounts of angular
misalignment between the assembled shaft and mounting. The
separator keeps the balls evenly spaced and prevents them from
touching each other on the sides where their relative velocities
are the greatest. Ball bearings are made in a wide variety of
types and sizes.
Fig.
3.4 6020 ball bearing
.91 X 10-4
3
4
-4
Sl.
No:
35
152
.94 X 10
1.01 X 10-4
36
39
156
169
1.02 X 10-4
41
178
Speed
of the
pinion
(rpm)
Force
(N)
Torqu
e
(Nm)
Power
input
(W)
1
2
3
143
152
156
258.3
254.2
252.9
6.2
6.1
6.07
92.845
97.095
99.161
169
248.3
5.96
105.69
178
245.8
5.9
109.97
Torque (Nm)
Twisting moment = Ft
6.3
6.2
6.1
6
5.9
5.8
5.7
Torque
(Nm)
143 152 156 169 178
Speed of the pinion(rpm)
13
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Paper Title:- Multi Turbine Micro Hydro Power Generation (Vol.2, Issue-3)
m
d pinion
Tpinion
48
2
24
Lewis equation:
1
3
2 M t Cs
m
d C v K y Tpinion
b 10 m
K
10
m
m
0.912
0.912
y 0.154
0.154
0.116
Tpinion
24
Put equations (3),(4),(6),(7) in Lewis equation (5):
1
152
12.5
3.04
38
156
12.8
3.046
39
169
13
3.15
41
178
13.5
3.141
42.4
EFFICIENCY:
Sl.
No:
1
2
3
4
5
3
2 M t Cs
m
d C v K y Tpinion
2 M t 1
3
2
220
.
6
.
89
10
.
116
24
M t 6.2Nm
Tangential force acting on the pinion thus obtained is:
2 Mt
2 6200
258.33N
d
48
Power transmitted to pinion:
Pin Ft v pinion 258.33 0.3594 92.845W
Ft
Voltage(V) 12.2V
Current (I) 2.86A
Power produced by the generator
Pout V I 12.2 2.86 35W
Efficiency =
Pout
35
37.69%
Pin
92.845
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We express my heartfelt gratitude to GOD almighty for
being the guiding light throughout our project, without whose
intercession this project would not have been a reality. I
thank our parents for being a guiding light and supporting me
all throughout my life.
We would like to extend my sincere thanks to my Principal
Dr. M. C Philipose, Er. Muruganantham P (head of the
department), and Manoj Balkrishnan (Asst. Professor),
department of Mechanical Engineering for rendering all the
facilities and help for the successful completion of my
project.
14.975m/s
60
60
v pinion r 14.976 .024 0.3594m / s
3.05
3.05
0.89
3.05 v 3.05 .03594
d 220.6MPa
Cv
14
REFERENCES
[1] O Ankur, G Samarjit, K Rajnish, Indian power systems
and opportunities International Journal of Advanced
www.ijrdt.org
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
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