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I. INTRODUCTION
The interpretation of group of connected pixels with similar
properties into larger regions based on the predefined criteria
collectively termed as region growing based segmentation, has
gained a magnificent importance in medical image processing
field. The main goal of image segmentation is domain
independent partitioning of an image into a set of disjoint
regions that are visually different, homogeneous and
meaningful with respect to some characteristics or computed
property such as gray level, texture or colour to enable
interpretation of the image. Region growing based
segmentation has got the better tradeoff than the edge based
techniques owing to the fact that the edges are difficult to
detect in noisy conditions. The interpretation lies in the
isolation of the strongest region of interest with respect to the
highest gray scale value. This attempts to segregate the
particular group of pixels that are indifferent to the nominal
range of values in the histogram. The continuous path of gray
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III.BASIC DEFINITIONS
Definition 1[8]
A metric on a set is a function
having the
following properties:
(
)
(
)
(
)
( )
(
)
( )
Given a metric on , the number (
) is called as the
distance between and in the metric . For a given
,
+
( ) *
(
)
consider the set
( ) of all
points y whose distance from is less than . Here ( ) is
called the - ball centered at If is a metric on the set ,
( ) for
then the collection of all - balls
and
, is a basis for a topology on , called metric topology
induced by . A set is open in the metric topology induced
)
by iff for each
, there is a
such that (
. If is a topological space,
is said to be metrizable if
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ISSN(O):- 2349-3585
+.
where
Let
*(
)
(
)
. Consider the function
(
)
|
| |
| .(
defined
by
)
is a metric space. For any point
, the
neighbourhood
*
+.
( )
(
)
of
is defined as
Hence
( )
of
is
the
*
(
( )
neighbourhood
of
is
+ and the
)
neighbourhood
*
+. The
(
)
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( )
neighbours of are
*
+.
(
)
of are
neighbours
Definition 8[3]
*(
)
Let
where
+.
Let
(
)
(
)
Consider
the
function
( )
|
| |
defined
by
(
) is a metric space. For any point p, the
neighbourhood
of
p
is
defined
*
+. Hence the
( )
(
)
neighbourhood
*
( )
of
(
neighbourhood
*
( )
of
(
( )
)
p
defined
and
the
is
+ . The
.
-
Let
(
function
Step III:
as
Choose
such that
defined
as
- neighbours of
neighbours of p are
)+
{*(
where
} .
(
| - .
)
defined
(
. Consider the
(
)
by
)
is a metric space.
, the
neighbourhood of is defined as
+. Hence the
)
of
is
defined
as
+
(
)
and
the
of
is
defined
as
+.
(
)
( ) is
also
( )
) . The
neighbours of are
( ) * +.
neighbours of p are
(
denoted by (
* + and the
Definition 10
Grouping criterion:
Let be an image in levels of gray and a topology
associated with
and let
Let
be a metric on .
))
Define
such that ((
where
is
the maximum of the gray level difference between and the
elements of . Let
Given a fixed
, an
)
element
is said to belong to if (
for
))
some
and ((
Step I:
From the histogram of the image , select the gray
level for the region of interest to be segmented.
Step II:
23
* + where
Let
of interest.
If
(
then include
)
in
a point
((
and rename it as
))
where
-----(1)
)
|
as
* +.
Definition 9[3]
Let
*(
)+
,|
is
* + and the
( )
p are
ISSN(O):- 2349-3585
If a point
where
then include
where
((
))
in
such that
and rename it as
)
-----(2)
where
in
such that
((
))
and rename it as .
)
------(3)
V.EVALUATION MEASURES
(i)
Let be the set of pixels in the image. Define the
ground truth
as the set of pixels that were labeled as
tumor by the expert. Similarly define the segmented tumor
as the set of pixels that were labeled as tumor by the
algorithm. and the set of pixels that were labeled as nontumor by the experts and algorithm respectively. The true
positive ( ) set is defined as
, i.e., the set of
pixels common to
and . i.e., the set of pixels that were
labeled as tumor by the expert and algorithm. The true
, i.e., the set of
pixels common to
and . i.e., the set of pixels that were
labeled as tumor by the expert and non-tumor by the
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VIII. CONCLUSION
In this work, a new region growing segmentation algorithm
based on metric topological - neighbourhoods and grouping
criterion is introduced. To demonstrate the performance of the
proposed
region
growing
segmentation
algorithm,
experiments have been conducted on magnetic resonance
images of brain affected by tumor. The performance of the
proposed segmentation algorithm is measured using the
segmentation
evaluation
measure
Accuracy.
The
experimental results indicate that the quality of segmentation
by the proposed VHLT algorithm is 98.6% or above. The new
parameter Entropy is validated between the original and
segmented images. The amount of information present in the
original image approaches the segmented portion which
proves the effectiveness of algorithm by retaining the essential
information without loss of data. This retains maximum
fidelity of image. Further, the observed objective measure
PSNR meet the nominal range of 20-50 db. This work is a
new metric topological approach for region growing
segmentation of magnetic resonance images.
FIGURES
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ISSN(O):- 2349-3585
[11]
Tamas Sandor , David Metcalf and Young-Jo Kim,
Segmentation of brain CT images using the concept of
Region Growing, Int J Biomed Comput, 29, pp. 133-147,
1991.
[12]
Yi-Ta Wu , Frank Y. Shih , Jiazheng Shi and YihTyng Wu , A top-down region dividing approach for image
segmentation, Pattern Recognition, 41, pp. 1948-1960, 2008.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The first author thank The University Grants Commission,
India for its financial support to carry out this work.
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