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Tentamen Stromningsmekanik a.k.

5C1203
Final exam in course 5C1203 27/5 2002 8-13 in E31
Examiner: Prof. Dan Henningson
The point value of each question is given in parenthesis and you need more than 20 points to
pass the course including the points obtained from the homework problems.
Copies of pages 348-355 in Acheson can be used for the exam as well as a book of basic math
formulas and a calculator.
1. Incompressible flow of a viscous fluid between two infinite, parallel surfaces is driven
by a constant pressure gradient p/x = F . The surfaces are located at y = 0 and
y = h and the upper surface is moving with the constant velocity U in the x-direction.
a) (7) Calculate the velocity field.
b) (3) Calculate the upper surface velocity U for which there is no friction force on
the upper plate.
2. A hill with the height h has the shape of a half circular cylinder as shown in Figure 1.
Far from the hill the wind U is blowing parallel to the ground in the x-direction and
the atmospheric pressure at the ground is p0 .
a) (5) Assume potential flow and show that the stream function in cylindrical coordinates is of the form
= f (r) sin ,
where f (r) is an arbitrary function. Calculate the velocity field above the hill.
b) (3) Derive an equation for the curve with constant vertical wind velocity V .
c) (2) Assume that the density and the gravitational acceleration g is constant.
Calculate the atmospheric pressure at the top of the hill.
y

x
Figure 1: Streamlines above a hill with h = 100m and U = 5m/s. A paraglider pilot with a sink of 1m/s
will find lift in the area within the dotted line, while soaring along the hill.

3. Turbulent flow.
a) (4) Derive the Reynolds average equation valid for turbulent flow.
b) (4) Assume that the Reynoldsstress can be modelled as a turbulent viscosity and
introduce this into the Reynolds equation and simplify.
4. a) (3) Show that
uj

ui
1
=
(uj uj ) + ijk j uk
xj
2 xi

b) (4) Derive the vorticity equation starting with the Navier-Stokes equation for
incompressible flow.
c) (3) Show that the following relation holds for incompressible flow and discuss its
implication for inviscid flow
ij
k
= ijk
xj
xj
5. A fluid is flowing in a 2D jet out from a slit in a wall and into a large space filled with
the same fluid that is practically motionless. Let x be the coordinate in the direction
of the jet and y parallel to the wall.
a) (2) Assume that the flow is governed by the boundary layer equations and motivate
the usage of the equation,
u
2u
u
+v
= 2
u
x
y
y

()

b) (4) Show by integrating () that the momentum flux, M , in the direction of the
jet is constant in x. Hint: Integrate by parts and use incompressibility.
Z
M=
u2 dy ()

c) (6) Assume that the stream function is (x, ) = um (x)g(x)f () where the similarity variable is =py/g(x). Show, using (), that the maximum velocity of the jet
at x is um (x) = C/ g(x), where C is a given constant. Show that the thickness of
the jet grows proportional to x2/3 , and that f () satisfies,
2

f 000 + kf f 00 + kf 0 = 0,
where k is a constant.

Good Luck!

Solutions to exam in Str


omningsmekanik a.k. 5C1203, 2002-05-27
1. Poiseuille-Couette flow.
a)
2
u
F

=
2
y

u(0)
=
0

u(h) = U

F h2
u=
2


y  y 2
y
+U

h
h
h

b)

u
(h) = 0
y

U=

F h2
2

2. Potential flow.
a)
h2 
ur = U 1 2 cos
r

h2 
u = U 1 + 2 sin
r


b)
r=h
c)

U
sin cos
V

3 2
gh
p = p0 U
2

3. Turbulent flow.
Ui
Ui
1 P

+ Uj
=
+ 2 Ui
(ui uj )
t
xj
xi
xj
4. Vorticity.
i
i
ui
1
+ uj
= j
+ 2 i
t
xj
xj R
5. See Acheson problem 8.4.

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