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SIMILAR TRIANGLES
Trigonometry
The Tangent Ratio
On a right-angle triangle, the 3 sides each have a name, based on
"other side" of
their position.
the triangle from
opposite
the given angle
60
adjacent
opposite
(If you start working with the second small angle, you have to
rename your sides.)
Trigonometry
The Tangent Ratio
In the same way, if we know what the ratio of the two sides are
for a right triangle of any angle measure, and we know one side,
then we can use a proportion to solve for the other side.
25
63
opp
ratio of adj = 0.466
h
63
63(0.466 ) = h
opposite
0.466 =
adjacent
29.4 = h
Your calculator can give you a value for the ratio of these two sides
on your triangle, for ANY known angle.
tan
angle measure
Trigonometry
The Tangent Ratio
So your process for each of these problems becomes...
1 Look at your diagram or read the desciption.
62
Determine which side is the opposite side,
12
which side is the adjacent side.
2 Write down the tan ratio. tan = opp
adj
x
12
tan 62 = 1.881
x
12
12(1.881) = x
1.881 =
22.6 = x
Trigonometry
The Sine and Cosine Ratios
Trigonometry
The Sine and Cosine Ratios
There are three trig ratios, Sine, Cosine and Tangent.
sin =
opp
hyp
cos =
adj
tan=
hyp
opp
adj
Which ratio you use depends on which two sides of your triangle
you are working with (you will be given one, and asked to find
another).
x
40
30
Name the two sides, and decide which ratio you should use to find x.
Trigonometry
The Sine and Cosine Ratios
The Process:
1 Name the 2 sides
(given side &
unknown side)
2 Pick the trig ratio.
x
36.9
40
40 = adjacent
x = opposite
30
36.9
x
50 = hypotenuse
x = adjacent
36.9
30 = opposite
x = hypotenuse
opp
adj sin 36.9 = opp
tan 36.9 =
cos36.9 =
hyp
adj
hyp
Substitute the sides
3
30
into the ratio.
x
x
sin
36.9
=
cos36.9 =
tan 36.9 =
x
50
Use
the
calculator
to
40
4
30
find the ratio value
x
x
0.600
=
0.800
=
0.751 =
x
for the given angle.
50
40
30
5 Fill this ratio value in,40(0.751) = x 50(0.800) = x
x=
0.600
and solve for x.
40
=
x
30 = x
x = 50
Trigonometry
Inverse Trig
?
Trigonometry
Inverse Trig
So far we have been solving unknown side lengths.
Trig can also be used to solve for unknown angle measures.
When we knew the angle measure
your calculator could tell you the
trig ratio for two side lengths on
opp
your triangle.
tan =
38
40
calculator
step
adj
x
x tan 38 =
40
x
0.781=
40
x = (40) .0.781
x = 31.24
Trigonometry
Inverse Trig
.
If you know the lengths of two sides, then you can build the
ratio and work backwards to find an unknown angle.
opp
adj
31.2
31.2
tan =
40
tan = 0.78
tan =
40
= tan 1 (0.78)
= 38.00
Trigonometry
Inverse Trig
The Process:
opp
16
adj
1 Name the 2 known
sides
2 Pick the trig ratio.
Substitute the sides
3
into the ratio and
calculate the decimal value.
4
opp
adj
11
tan =
16
tan = 0.688
tan =
11
= tan 1 0.688
= 34.50
Trigonometry
Word Problems
h
Trigonometry
Word Problems
A couple of terms to know for word problems...
The angle of elevation is the
angle at which a viewer looks
UP from the horizontal to
sight a object.
Trigonometry
The Tangent Ratio
H
F
D
B
A
C
Trigonometry
The Tangent Ratio
H
F
D
B
A
C
tan =
= =
tan =
= =
Trigonometry
Similar Triangles
Similar triangles have the same shape, but not necessarily the
same size. Since a triangle's shape is determined by its angles,
similar triangles have the same angle measures.
B
A
C
ABC ~ DEF
Because all the angles in any triangle add to 180, if two triangles
have a pair of angles that are the same, then all three of their
angles are the same, and the triangles are SIMILAR
In Similar Triangles,
- corresponding angles are equal, and
- the ratios of corresponding sides are equal.
This allows us to set up proportions that will solve for
unknown side lengths.
E
B
d
b
a
ABC ~ DEF
e
A
D
c
C
f
= =
= =
= =
= =
SCALE FACTOR
Scale factor = New Measurement / Old Measurement
Old Measurement is sometimes called as Base value or
a reference
A
B
Here AB is a line measuring 10m.
We take it as the reference or the Base Value = 10m
C
Now there is a new line CD which is 5 times the length of
AB. How do we find the length of CD ?
SCALE FACTOR
Scale factor = 5 times = 5
So CD = 5 * 10 = 50m
AB is
zoomed
out 5times
to get CD
SCALE FACTOR
If Given CD = 50m and the Scale factor is [ 0.2 times = 1/5 ]
We need to find AB ??
So AB = 0.2 * 50 = 10m
C
D
CD is zoomed
in 5times to
get AB
SCALE FACTOR
Since we cant practically show large distances on a piece of paper ,
we reduce the original length of a measurement by a SCALE
FACTOR and represent on a paper.
For example , the actual length of the wall in your house maybe
10m , but it is not practical to show and draw the same on a A4 size
page which hardly measures 60cm or so.
So what we do is we reduce the actual measurement of 10m to a
lower value by reducing/zooming in a factor called as SCALE
FACTOR
SCALE FACTOR
10cm
For example , we draw the side of a lounge with a ruler and measure the
same as 10cm.
Given Scale factor is 1:100 which means the actual length of the lounge in
your house is 100* 10cm = 1000cm = 10m