11621A0472

11621A0474

Density Based Room Light Controller

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost I place this project work on the feet of GOD ALMIGHTY who is
the power of strength in each step of progress towards the successful completion of project.
We are most obliged and grateful to Prof. Mr. J. SRIKANTH Principal, for his
cooperation and suggestions during the project work.
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Prof. Mr. V. KUMARA SWAMY
Head of the department of ECE for giving us valuable suggestions in the preparations of our
project work.
We have great pleasure in experiencing our sincere thanks and indebtedness to our
project guide Mr. SAI PRASAD GOUD Associate Professor for his valuable guidance and
encouragement without which we could not have given our project, this excellent shape.
We thank our parents for their support and who have been a motivating factor
throughout our project work.
Finally we thank all the members who helped us in the completion of this project.

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Density Based Room Light Controller

ABSTRACT

This Project DENSITY BASED ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER is a

reliable circuit that takes over the task of controlling the room lights as well us counting number
of persons/ visitors in the room very accurately. When somebody enters into the room then the
counter is incremented by one and the light in the room will be switched ON and when any one
leaves the room then the counter is decremented by one. The light will be only switched OFF
until all the persons in the room go out. The total number of persons inside the room is also
displayed on the LCD display. The microcontroller does the above job. It receives the signals
from the sensors, and this signal is operated under the control of software which is stored in
ROM. Microcontroller AT89C52 continuously monitor the Infrared Receivers, When any object
pass through the IR Receiver's then the IR Rays falling on the receivers are obstructed , this
obstruction is sensed by the Microcontroller

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Density Based Room Light Controller

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TOPIC

PAGE NOS

CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER-2: BLOCK DIAGRAM AND ARCHITECTURE

2.1 Block Diagram

2.2. Architecture
CHAPTER-3: HARDWARE COMPONENTS

10

3.1 Micro processor vs micro controller

3.2 AT89S52 micro controller
3.3 LCD
3.4 Relays
3.5 circuit explanation
3.6 power supply
CHAPTER-4: IR SENSORS

55

4.1 Application Of IR sensor

4.1.1

proximity sensor

4.1.2

object detection using IR light

4.2 Basics of IR Transmitter

4.3 Basics of IR Receiver

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Density Based Room Light Controller

Chapter-5: IMPLEMENTATION

61

5.1. Writing micro controller code

5.2. Translating the code
5.3. Debugging the Code
5.4. Chip Burning Process
CHAPTER-6: CODE

66

RESULTS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

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Density Based Room Light Controller

LIST OF FIGURES
TITLE

PAGE NOS

2.1 Block Diagram

2.2.1 Transmitter Circuit

2.2.2 Receiver Circuit

3.2.1 Architecture Diagram of AT89S52

13

3.2.2 Pin Configuration of AT89S52

14

3.2.3 Port 1 Features

16

3.2.4 Port 3 Features

17

3.2.5 Oscillator connections

19

3.3.1 Address location of 1X16 Line LCD

23

3.3.2 Shapes and Sizes

23

3.3.3 Electrical Block Diagram of LCD

25

3.3.4 Power Supply of LCD

25

3.3.5 Pin Diagram of 1x16 Lines LCD

26

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Density Based Room Light Controller

3.3.6 LCD Functions

26

3.3.7 Initialization by Instruction

31

3.4.1Relay Circuit

32

3.4.2 Relay with set of change covers

33

3.4.3 Production of magnetic flux

33

3.4.4 Relay circuit with load resistance

34

3.6.1 Power supply circuit diagram

40

3.6.2 An ideal step-down transformer showing magnetic flux in core

42

3.6.3 Ideal transformer

44

3.6.4Current flowing along right of upper colored path

47

3.6.5 Current flowing along left of upper colored path

48

3.6.6 Wave forms of a rectifier

49

3.6.7 Bridge rectifier using capacitor

50

3.6.8 Block Diagram of voltage Regulator

54

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Density Based Room Light Controller

4.1.2.1 Object Detection using IR Light

57

4.2.1 IR Transmitter

58

4.3.1 IR Emitter

59

4.3.2 IR Emitter & Photo transistor

60