Appendix 13L-Storage Tanks

Oregon LNG
Warrenton, Oregon
Public Appendices
Job No. 07902
Resource Report 13
18 CFR 380.12(o)
Appendix L.1
Oregon LNG, LLC

Warrenton, OR
LNG Storage Tank and Foundation Specification
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LNG STORAGE TANK AND FOUNDATION

SPECIFICATION
by
H
H C H
H
REV NUMBER:
ISSUE PURPOSE:
DATE:
BY:
CHECKED:
APPROVED:
CHIV International
A
Draft for
Client
Review
07/06/07
AAR
RT
AAR
B
Draft for
Client
Review
03/25/08
OOA
AAR
AAR
C
Draft for
Client
Review
05/20/08
MS
MHD
AAR
D
Draft for
Client
Review
9/21/09
MS
MHD
AAR
E
Include
Liquefaction
7/31/12
AAR
RT
AAR
Oregon LNG, LLC

Warrenton, OR
Section
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Page
1.1 Scope of Requirements
1.2 Technical Requirements
1.3 Codes and Industry Standards
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
2.1 Tank Design
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8
8
2.2 Concrete Outer Tank Design
15
2.3 Component Design
20
CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
23
3.1 Materials Requirements
23
3.2 Fabrication and Inspection - Steel Components
25
3.3 Insulation Systems
28
ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
31
4.1 Accessories
31
4.2 External Piping
32
4.3 Pressure and Vacuum Relief Systems
32
4.4 Electrical
33
4.5 Instrumentation
34
4.6 Painting
36
COMMISSIONING REQUIREMENTS
37
5.1 Hydrostatic/Pneumatic Testing
37
5.2 Calibration
38
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Warrenton, OR
5.3 Purging
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38
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1.1
Scope of Requirements
This Specification covers technical requirements for the design, supply, fabrication,
construction, inspection, and testing of full containment refrigerated LNG storage tanks
T-201A/B and associated foundations for the proposed Oregon LNG Terminal. Each
tank shall have a net working capacity of 160,000 m3 at a temperature of -270F and a
maximum internal pressure of 4.3 psig.
The tanks shall consist of a 9% nickel open top inner tank. The outer tank shall be of
reinforced concrete consisting of a post tensioned concrete wall connected rigidly to
the outer tank concrete slab with a roof constructed of reinforced concrete. Both the
inner and outer tanks shall be capable of holding the gross volume of cryogenic liquid
without loss of containment, liquid leakage or uncontrolled vapor release.
1.2
Technical Requirements
The following technical requirements are applicable to the design of the LNG storage
tanks and associated foundations.
1. Surface and sub-surface site preparation shall be in accordance with the site
specific geotechnical investigation. Contractor will specify the requirements for
a foundation heating system which, if required, shall be fully redundant.
2. A 9% nickel steel open top inner tank to contain the LNG.
3. A reinforced concrete outer tank consisting of a post tensioned concrete wall
connected rigidly to the outer tank concrete bottom, with a roof constructed of
reinforced concrete. The inside of the concrete outer tank shall be lined with a
carbon steel vapor barrier.
4. A 9% nickel steel Secondary Bottom and 9% nickel steel insulated Thermal
Corner Protection (TCP) are required and will be linked together. The
Secondary Bottom shall be placed above the lower system of Cellular Glass
bottom insulation.
5. A carbon steel roof liner, which forms an integral structure with the reinforced
concrete roof.
6. A suspended inner deck, supported by hangers from the concrete roof and roof
liner. The suspended deck shall be made of aluminum.
7. A tank insulation system including insulation under the inner tank bottom
(below the secondary bottom, and between the secondary bottom and the inner
tank bottom), insulation in the annular space between the 9% Ni steel inner tank
shell and the concrete outer tank, and insulation on top of the suspended inner
deck.
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8. In-tank pump columns including pump lifting mechanisms, cables (including

electrical power supply and instrumentation) from the top of the column to the
pump, and junction boxes located at the top of the columns, and internal piping.
The pumps shall be provided by others.
9. Platform, staircase, stairs, walkways, caged ladders, monorails, cranes, handrails
as further detailed within this specification.
10. Instrumentation for level, pressure and temperature monitoring, leak/gas
detection, cooldown control, density monitoring and any other instrumentation
specified for supply by the Contractor.
11. Relief valves for pressure and vacuum protection.
12. A fire detection and control system for extinguishing the relief valve stack.
13. Design, supply and erection of all piping associated with the tank.
14. During detailed engineering design, the design of the piping systems on the tank
will be modeled to determine pipe loads that anchors must accommodate.
1.3
Codes and Industry Standards

The Full-Containment LNG Tanks shall be designed in accordance with the following
Codes and Industry Standards:
1.3.1
American Petroleum Institute (API)

API 620, 11th Edition, February 2008, with Addendum 1, March 2009,
Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low Pressure Storage
Tanks.
API 650, 11th Edition, June 2007, with Addendum 1, November 2008,
Welded Tanks for Oil Storage.
API 2000- 5th Edition, April 1998, Venting Atmospheric and Low
Pressure Storage Tanks.
API 2003, 6th Edition, September 1998, Protection Against Ignitions
Arising Out of Static, Lightning and Stray Currents.
API - MPMS C2 S2B - Calibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks by the
Optical Reference Line Method (R2002).
Oregon LNG, LLC

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1.3.2
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American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, 2007 Edition, including all
mandatory addenda:
Section II
Material Specifications
Part A
Ferrous Materials
Part C
Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals
Section V
Nondestructive Examination
Section VIII, Div. 1
Pressure Vessels, as applicable
Section IX
Welding and Brazing Procedures, Welders,

Brazers, and Welding and Brazing Operators
ASME B31.3 with year 2006 Addenda, Process Piping.

1.3.3
American Concrete Institute (ACI)

ACI 318-2008, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI
318-08) and Commentary, for prestressed and reinforced concrete portions
of the tank.
ACI 373, 1997 Edition, Design and Construction of Circular Prestressed
Concrete Structures with Circumferential Tendons.
1.3.4
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)

ASCE-7 2005 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other
Structures.
1.3.5
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)

AISC Manual of Steel Construction, Allowable Stress Design, Ninth
Edition.
AISC 3rd Edition, January, 2003 Load and Resistance Factor Design
Manual of Steel Construction.
1.3.6
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

ASTM C549-81, Perlite Loose Fill Insulation (R1986).
ASTM C520-98, Standard Test Methods for Density of Granular Loose
Fill Insulations.
Oregon LNG, LLC

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1.3.7
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FEMA
FEMA 450: NEHRP Recommended Provisions and Commentary for Seismic
Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures. 2003 Edition
1.3.7.1
FERC
Draft Seismic Design Guidelines and Data Submittal Requirements for LNG
Facilities dated January 23, 2007.
1.3.8
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

NFPA 59A-2001 and NFPA 59A-2006, Production, Storage and
Handling Of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG).
NFPA 780-2000, Standard for Installation of Lightning Protection
Systems.
1.3.9
Perlite Institute (PI)

PI-201-77, Compacted Density.
1.3.10
Federation Internationale De La Precontrainte (FIP)

FIP-Recommendation, Acceptance and Application of Post-Tensioning
Systems 1981.
FIP-Recommendation, FIP Recommendations for the Approval, Supply
and Acceptance of Steels for Pre-stressing Tendons.
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DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
2.1
Tank Design
2.1.1
General
The LNG storage tanks (T-201A/B) shall be full containment type tanks,
with a primary inner container and a secondary outer container. The tanks
shall be designed and constructed so that the self-supporting primary
container and the secondary container shall be capable of independently
containing the LNG. The primary container shall contain the LNG under
normal operating conditions. The secondary container shall be capable of
containing the LNG (110% capacity of inner tank and which shall be
demonstrated by calculation by Contractor) and of controlling the vapor
resulting from product leakage from the inner container. The insulated
tank shall be designed to store a net volume of 160,000 m3 (1,006,000
barrels) of LNG at a temperature of -270F and a maximum internal
pressure of 4.3 pounds per square inch gauge (psig).
The double-walled tank shall consist of:
A 9% nickel steel open top inner container;
A pre-stressed concrete outer container wall;
A reinforced concrete dome roof;
A reinforced concrete outer container bottom;
A friction pendulum isolation system;
A secondary tank bottom on a pile cap foundation; and
An insulated aluminum deck over the inner container suspended from

the roof.
The aluminum support deck shall be insulated on its top surface with
fiberglass blanket insulation material. The vapor pressure from the LNG
shall be equalized through ports in the suspended deck and contained by
the outer container. The internal design pressure of the outer container
roof shall be 4.3 psig.
The space between the inner container and the outer container shall be
filled with expanded Perlite that shall be compacted to reduce long term
settling of the insulation. The insulation shall allow the LNG to be stored
at a minimum temperature of -270F while maintaining the outer container
at near ambient temperature.
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The insulation beneath the inner container shall be cellular glass loadbearing insulation that shall support the weight of the inner container and
the LNG.
Contractor shall determine if a foundation heating system is required and,
if so, the design shall provide full redundancy.
The outer container shall be lined on the inside with carbon steel plates.
This carbon steel liner shall serve as a barrier to moisture migration from
the atmosphere reaching the insulation inside the outer concrete. This
liner also forms the barrier to prevent vapor escaping from inside the tank
in normal operation.
There shall be no penetrations through the tank inner container or outer
container sidewall or tank bottom. All piping into and out of the tank
inner or outer containers shall enter from the top of the tank.
The inner container shall be designed and constructed in accordance with
the requirements of API Standard 620 Appendix Q. The tank shall meet
the requirements of NFPA 59A and 49 CFR Part 193.
Table 2.1.1.1 LNG Tanks Basis of Design
Number of tanks
Net capacity of each inner container
Maximum internal design pressure
Minimum internal design pressure
Operating pressure
Design wind load
Inner tank minimum design metal
temperature
Corrosion Allowance of inner
container
Allowable Boiloff Rate
2.1.2
3
160,000 m3 (1,006,000 bbl)
4.3 psig
-0.073 psig
0.5 to 3.7 psig
150 mph
-270F
None
0.05% per day
Service Conditions
The inner and outer tank and associated foundation shall be designed for
all specified loading conditions/combinations which may occur during
construction, testing, commissioning, operation, maintenance and decommissioning of the tank.
The following specific design loading cases shall be taken into account:
Hydrotest of the inner tank to a height based on the hydrotest pressure

at the base of the inner tank being 1.25 times the maximum design
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product pressure at the base of the inner tank. But, water level shall be
the maximum level that does not increase the tank foundation over that
required for product.
2.1.3
Normal operation of the tank containing LNG at maximum design

product level.
The external pressure on the inner tank shell, exerted by the Perlite
insulation in the annular space, in particular for the situation of an
empty inner tank.
Wind Loads on Outer Tank

The outer container shall be designed to withstand a wind velocity of 150
mph in accordance with 49 CFR Part 193.2067.
Also, the seismic isolators shall be studied for wind loads according to
ASCE 7-05 Sec.17.2.4.2 requirements.
2.1.4
Earthquake
Seismic design of the inner and outer tank shall be in accordance with site
specific design criteria in addition to NFPA 59A. Seismic design spectra
used for calculation of earthquake load conditions shall be taken from the
seismic design response spectra contained in the site specific seismic
design basis. Seismic isolation systems shall be designed for the
recommended SSE ground motions provided in the site specific seismic
design basis report.
Seismic isolator may be used to reduce the seismic force to the LNG tank.
In that case, all design and construction shall be in accordance with the
requirements in ASCE 7-05 Chapter 17.
2.1.4.1
Inner Tank:
The inner tank shall be designed using the methods in API 620 Appendix L,
modified as appropriate to apply site specific Operating Base Earthquake
(OBE) and Safe Shutdown Earthquake (SSE) criteria as described in the
seismic design response spectra and as required by NFPA 59A. It shall be
assumed that the inner tank is filled with LNG to its maximum normal
operating level (which is not an overfill or alarm level). When designing for
the SSE condition, allowable stresses shall be determined in accordance with
NFPA-59A.
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2.1.4.2
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Outer Tank:
The outer tank shall be designed using Operating Base Earthquake (OBE)
and Safe Shutdown Earthquake (SSE) criteria as described in the seismic
design response spectra and as required by NFPA 59A.
The overall response of the total LNG storage tank system shall be
determined by combining the significant modes using Square Root Sum of
the Squares
The results shall be combined with other load effects that are calculated
using a finite element analysis method. For axial symmetric conditions, the
concrete tank may be modeled using axially symmetric elements, including
foundation elements. Where appropriate, a 3-D model of the tank shall be
used.
2.1.4.3
Load Conditions and Combinations

The horizontal and vertical response spectra for both the OBE and SSE shall
be input to the model as acceleration spectra. Vertical components
(acceleration and the relationship between amplitude and frequency) shall be
based on spectra contained in the site specific seismic design basis . The
responses of the composite tank structure for each mode shape shall be
determined from the appropriate response spectrum, modal frequency and
composite damping. . The horizontal and vertical responses shall be
combined as follows.
100% horizontal +/- 40% vertical
40% horizontal +/- 100% vertical
Load combinations that include vertical acceleration (hydrodynamic)
components producing hoop (circumferential) tension in the inner tank

shell plates may be evaluated using strength properties as permitted per
Section 2.1.4.4 of this Sepcification. The hydrodynamic pressure
components shall be directly added to (combined with) static liquid
pressure when using strength properties permitted per Section 2.1.4.4 of
this Specification.
For seismically isolated tanks (base isolated foundation), seismic load shall
be calculated with the procedure which confirms to ASCE 7-05 Ch.17.
The response and displacement of each LNG storage tank component in two
horizontal directions may be combined by using the SRSS.
Material Structural Damping factors shall be as follows (Unless higher
system damping factors are justified by soil structure interaction analysis).
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2.1.4.3.1
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Damping:
Structural Damping factors shall be as follows,

OBE = 5%, SSE = 5% for the steel tank, and liquid sloshing = 0.5% for
the inner tank contents

OBE = 2%, SSE = 5% for the outer post tensioned concrete wall
OBE = 2%, SSE = 5% for the reinforced concrete roof and base slab
(Reference; Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI)

publication, Earthquake Spectra and Design, by Newmark & Hall,
page 54, Table 3).
When seismic isolators are used and a model is developed for Finite
Element Analysis, the vertical model damping for the isolators may be
taken as 2% for OBE and SSE.
2.1.4.3.2
Soil Structure Interaction and Reduction Factors
Soil Structure Interaction (SSI) and/or flexibility of a pile foundation system,

analysis shall be performed per the requirements of NFPA 59A.
A Reduction factor (R) for the SSE from over-strength, or ductility, and/or
other phenomena may be used if justified by proper analysis.
The use of SSI damping ratios and reduction factors in addition to total
system damping is subject to approval of the Owner/EPC Contractor and
jurisdictional regulatory authorities.
In evaluating vertical earthquake loads using the response spectra approach,
it shall be confirmed that the loads used in the static analysis are at least 80%
of the loads that would occur if soil-structure interaction is not accounted
for.
2.1.4.3.3
Sloshing:
Seismic slosh wave shell freeboard allowances shall be added to the NMLL
(Normal Maximum Liquid Level) to determine required inner tank shell
height. Calculate shell freeboard allowance including slosh wave per the
API 620 L.4.2.8 for OBE and L.4.3.2 for SSE.
For the SSE condition the SSE calculated slosh wave height may be added to
NMLL without any extra allowance.
Alternative sloshing height calculation methods may be used providing the
calculated sloshing height is not less than 80% of the value required by these
provisions, subject to approval by Owner/EPC Contractor and jurisdictional
regulatory authorities.
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The response acceleration for the sloshing mode shall be computed using the
horizontal seismic design spectra without consideration of the resultant of
two horizontal ground motion acceleration components.
2.1.4.4
Maximum allowable stresses for the inner tank design shall be in accordance
with API 620, Appendix Q.
An allowable stress strength increase factor which is based on operating
temperature properties of welded 9% nickel material at the component
location under consideration may be applied to the SSE seismic design case
and for OBE load combinations that include vertical acceleration
(hydrodynamic amplification) pressure components as shown below.
Operating temperature allowable stress data may be taken from ASME
Section VIII, Division 1/2, Part ULT, Table ULT-23 for Welded
Construction.
Allowable Table ULT-23 stress values in tension are factored as
follows:
Table ULT-23 value x 3.5 /3.0 x (4/3)
*
**
***
*ASME Section VIII, Appendix P, Table P-1 factor on tensile strength

**API 620-Q, Q.3.3.2 factor on tensile strength
***API 620, 5.5.6 permitted allowable stress increase factor for design loading, except as
permitted in Appendix L
2.1.4.4.1 Compliance with Requirements of Draft Seismic Design

Guidelines issued by FERC
In addition to the above requirements, the Contractor shall design the tanks
in accordance with the requirements of the draft "Seismic Design Guidelines
and Data Submittal Requirements for LNG Facilities" issued by FERC on
January 23, 2007. This includes submittal of the following documents as
required by the guidelines:
Tank and Containment Preliminary Design Drawings and Calculations
(sufficient to meet the requirements of Part II, Section 3.9 of the

guidelines); this includes preliminary structural calculations for the
tanks, based on seismic information to be provided by Oregon LNG.
A list of codes, standards, specifications, regulations, general design
criteria, and other industry standards used in the design, fabrication, and
construction, along with a list of the specific edition (per Part II, Section
3.13 of the guidelines);
A study of the determination and acceptability of LNG liquid levels for
seismic forces and freeboard (per Part II, Section 3.15 of the guidelines).
2.1.5
Heat Leak
The total heat in-leak shall be such that the boiloff rate shall not exceed
0.05% of the gross tank contents per day.
Oregon LNG, LLC

Warrenton, OR
2.1.6
2.1.6.1
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Hazard Design Conditions

Heat Radiation/Fire Exposure
The outer tank roof and sidewalls shall be capable of withstanding fire
exposure and heat radiation from a relief valve discharge fire with the relief
valves discharging at the maximum relieving rate.
2.1.6.2
LNG Spill Conditions

In addition to the specified service loading, the post-tensioned concrete tank
wall and its connection to the foundation shall be designed to contain LNG
in the annular space. The outer tank shall be capable of containing 110% of
the full inner tank contents and Contractor shall provide calculations
confirming this.
Such calculations will provide data substantiating
assumptions made for the volume taken up by insulating materials (e.g.,
Perlite and fiberglass) in the annular space.
The temperature gradient shall also be analyzed during detailed design for
critical steady state spill levels. Since the annular space will fill gradually,
there is no specified leakage rate. Note that NFPA-59A requires that the
impounding system (the outer concrete tank wall and bottom) be designed to
withstand an OBE by holding the volume V, which is the full inner tank
contents. After an OBE, there shall be no loss of containment capability.
2.1.6.3
Combination of Loading Conditions

The inner 9% nickel container and outer post-tensioned concrete tank shall
be designed for all service and hazard loading conditions.
2.1.6.4
Impact Loads
During detailed design, the maximum acceptable projectile impact load for
outer tank wall and roof shall be calculated.
2.1.7
2.1.7.1
Hazard Protection Requirements

LNG Spill Protection
Spill protection of the LNG storage tank roof shall be designed to comply
with the requirements of NFPA 59A. The protection shall extend over the
edge of the roof dome. Any structural carbon steel on the roof shall be
protected from potential spills.
2.1.7.2
Relief Valve Discharge Lines

Tailpipes of relief valves discharging to atmosphere shall be provided with a
dry chemical snuffing system for the RV discharge pipes to extinguish
accidental fire during pressure venting.
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2.2
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Concrete Outer Tank Design

2.2.1
Design Requirements
The outer tank shall be designed to contain the product pressure at ambient
temperature and shall contain the insulation system.
The outer tank shall be designed for the following conditions:
The specified maximum and minimum pressures of 4.3 psig and -1.17
ounce per square inch (-0.073 psig), respectively.
The specified wind design speed of 150 mph as specified in 49 CFR

Part 193, Section 2067.
Seismic loads in accordance with NFPA 59A and the site specific
seismic design basis.
Internal pressure imposed by insulation loads.
Sensitive analysis of soil stiffness shall be incorporated in dynamic

analysis according to ASCE 7-05 Sec.12.13.3.
Roof and platform dead loads shall be in accordance with the following:
Roof live load (to be determined during detailed design) applied to the
entire projected area of the roof and combined with the specified
external pressure of 1.17 ounce per square inch (-0.073 psig) and the
platform global live load.
Platform live load (to be determined during detailed design) combined

with a crane handling live load that shall be determined during detailed
design and external pressure load of 0.5 ounce per square inch. Roof
live load shall not be combined with the platform live load.
The suspended deck shall be composed of B209-5083-O aluminum. The

suspended deck hangers shall be Type 304 stainless steel.
2.2.1.1
Tank Bottom
The LNG Storage Tank foundation design shall be based on the detailed site
specific geotechnical investigations and seismic design basis. For the access
for inspection and replacement of isolators, required by ASCE 7-05
Sec.17.2.4.8.a, there are 4 space between the outer container bottom and the
secondary tank bottom and isolators shall be fixed by bolts/nuts.
2.2.1.2
Tank Wall
The wall shall be a monolithic connection to the foundation. A monolithic
connection shall also be made between the wall and concrete roof.
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The outer tank wall shall be constructed of post-tensioned concrete. Pre

stressing shall be accomplished with an impermeable duct and tendon
system. Vertical post-tensioning (if used) shall be accomplished with a duct
and tendon system.
2.2.1.3
Tank Roof
The roof shall be spherical in shape, and made of reinforced concrete with an
interior steel vapor barrier (liner). The steel liner located on the inside of the
roof shall be used as formwork for concrete placement.
During construction, concrete may be poured in layers to restrict loading on
the liner. As part of the construction sequence, the construction contractor
shall demonstrate by analysis that the roof plates and framing are adequately
designed for non-symmetrical loading due to the concrete pouring sequence.
2.2.1.4
Ringbeam Under Inner Tank Shell

A concrete ringbeam shall be installed under the inner tank shell. The
ringbeam shall be designed such that the shell loads are properly distributed
onto the bottom insulation under the ringbeam. Horizontal forces, caused by
possible movements of the annular plate, shall be determined during detailed
design.
The concrete ringbeam shall be reinforced with cryogenic rebar or

carbon steel rebar if alternative deigned in accordance with NFPA
59A.
2.2.2
Concrete Tank Design Code

The design of the prestressed concrete outer tank, and reinforced concrete
roof and base slab (pile cap) shall be in accordance with ACI 318.
2.2.3
2.2.3.1
Design/Analysis
Tank Wall Design Method
The foundation and prestressed concrete wall shall be designed for the
following two states:
Serviceability Limit States (SLS), Includes construction, normal
operating, and spill load conditions. This design state shall be utilized to
determine concrete crack widths for construction and normal operating
loads, and liquid tightness of the wall for the spill condition. All
material and load factors shall be taken as 1.0.
Ultimate Limit States (ULS). Includes all load conditions. This design
state shall be utilized to determine concrete section adequacy per the

strength requirements of ACI 318. ACI 318 designs consider the material
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strength reduction factors (Table 2.2.3 1) and the load factors (Table
2.2.3 2)
All appropriate load cases and combinations shall be incorporated in the
design of the concrete outer tank during the detailed design phase. Upon
completion of detailed design a detailed loading summary table, such as
shown in Table 2.2.3 3, shall be prepared to cover all phases of the tank
lifetime.
Seismic load combinations shall consider all possible combinations of the
sum of 100% of the effect in one direction (horizontal or vertical) and 40%
of the effect in the other direction.
Adverse and beneficial effects of the pre-stress and shrinkage loads shall be
considered for construction, maintenance and normal operating load
conditions.
In all cases the detailed design shall take into account the effects of the
loads, shrinkage strains, and prestressing forces during and after tensioning,
and conditions of edge restraint at the wall junctions with the foundation and
roof.
2.2.3.2
ACI 318 Strength Design ULS Material Strength Reduction Factors

Table 2.2.3-1 ACI 318 Strength Design ULS Material Strength Reduction Factors
Concrete Strength Parameter
Normal, Test, and

OBE Eq Conditions
Emergency
Conditions
Flexure without axial load
0.90
1.00
Axial tension w/flexure
0.90
1.00
Axial compression w/flexure
0.70
1.00
Shear and torsion
0.85
1.00
Bearing on concrete
0.70
1.00
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ACI 318 Strength Design ULS Load Combinations and Load Factors
Table 2.2.3-2 ACI 318 Strength Design ULS Load Combinations and Load Factors
Roof Live
Load
OBE
Seismic
Loads
SSE
Seismic
Loads
Spill
Condition
Loads
Operating
Loads
Test
Loads
Prestress
Dead
Load Combination
Shrinkage
Load Component and Load Factor
Construction or Maintenance C, M
1.4
1.2
1.4
--
--
1.7
--
--
--
Test
1.4
1.2
--
1.3
--
--
--
--
--
0.9
1.0
--
1.3
--
--
--
--
--
1.4
1.2
1.0
--
1.6
1.7
--
--
--
0.9
1.0
1.0
--
1.6
--
--
--
--
1.4
1.2
1.0
--
1.6
1.7
--
--
--
Uplift Case
0.9
1.0
1.0
--
1.6
--
--
--
--
Operating (Empty)+OBE EQ O3
1.05 1.05 1.0
--
1.28 --
1.4
--
--
Uplift Case
0.9
1.0
--
1.2
--
1.3
--
--
1.05 1.05 1.0
--
1.28 --
1.4
--
--
0.9
1.0
1.0
--
1.2
--
1.3
--
--
Uplift Case
Operating (Empty)
O1
Uplift Case
Operating (Full)
O2
Operating (Full)+OBE EQ
O4
Uplift Case
1.0
Operating (Empty)+SSE EQ
U1
1.0
1.0
1.0
--
1.0
--
--
1.0
--
Operating (Full)+SSE EQ
U2
1.0
1.0
1.0
--
1.0
--
--
1.0
--
Spill Condition
U3
1.0
1.0
1.0
--
--
--
--
--
1.0
Spill + OBE
U4
1.0
1.0
1.0
--
--
--
1.0
--
1.0
2.2.3.4
Tank Modeling and Analysis

During detailed design, the concrete tank shall be analyzed for service and
emergency loads using a combination of 2D and 3D finite element modeling
and analysis techniques. The analysis model shall also include both heat
transfer and nonlinear thermal effects. The overall model shall include the
foundation stiffness effects (soil-structure interaction), the concrete base slab
(or pile cap), the concrete wall, the outer tank roof, the inner tank, the
suspended deck, the insulation system and allowance for piping and tank top
structures.
The following specific points shall as a minimum be considered during
detailed design:
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Job No. 07902

Doc No. 07902-TS-200-108, Rev. E
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Table 2.2.3-3Tank Modeling and Analysis
2.2.3.5
Analysis or Model
Description
Heat Transfer
Heat transfer analysis shall be performed to determine

the temperature distributions for both service and spill
loading conditions. The results shall be used with
coincident mechanical loading for nonlinear stress
analysis.
Stress Analysis
The stress analysis shall take into account the nonlinear

behavior of the concrete; i.e., reduced stiffness due to
cracking.
Foundation Stiffness
The stiffness effects of the foundation shall be included

using spring elements.
Preload
The preload effects due to post-tensioning (including

relaxation), creep and shrinkage of the concrete shall
also be considered.
Differential Settlement
Predicted edge to center differential settlements shall

be included as normal service loads.
Acceptance Criteria
The following acceptance criteria for calculations are required for load
conditions as applicable:
Table 2.2.3-4 Acceptance Criteria
Criteria
Description
Strength Criteria
Concrete strength criteria per ACI 318 shall be

satisfied for all load conditions using the material and
load factors in Tables 2.2.3.2 and 2.2.3.3, as
applicable. For shear strength evaluations of concrete
cross sections with significant tension, ACI 318
provisions may be applied.
Crack Control
For construction and normal operating conditions,

concrete crack widths in the wall shall be limited to 0.2
mm for prestressed zones. Crack widths in the slab
and concrete roof shall be limited to 0.3 mm.
Wall Liquid Tightness
Above the TCP, a compression zone shall be

maintained in the wall of at least 10%, but not less than
80 mm. In addition, an average compressive stress of
1 MPa [150 psi] shall be maintained in the
compression zone.
(Applies to Inner Tank

Spill Condition Only)
Oregon LNG, LLC

Warrenton, OR
2.3
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Doc No. 07902-TS-200-108, Rev. E
Page 20 of 38
Component Design
2.3.1
General
The following components shall be designed, fabricated, supplied, erected,
inspected and tested in accordance with the standards, guidelines,
specifications, documents specified herein and additional requirements as
given in this specification. Components include: the inner tank, secondary
bottom plus the thermal corner protection (TCP), suspended deck, bottom
liner, wall liner, and the roof liner.
2.3.2
2.3.2.1
Inner Tank
Allowable Stress
Maximum allowable stresses for the inner tank design shall be in accordance
with API 620, Appendix Q.
2.3.2.2
Welding
Welding of the inner tank bottom annular plates shall comply with API 620
Q 7.1.1. Shell to annular plate welds shall conform to API 620 sections
3.9.5 and Q 7.1.1 requirements.
2.3.2.3
Temporary Access
Temporary access through the inner tank shell, using door sheets or
manways shall be permitted.
2.3.2.4
Welded Attachments
All permanent structural attachments welded directly to the 9% nickel steel
inner tank shall be of the same material as that to which it shall be welded.
Contractor shall prepare an alloy verification procedure.
2.3.2.5
Plate Thickness
Minimum plate thickness shall be calculated per API 620.
2.3.2.6
Design Temperature
The minimum design temperature shall be -270F.
Oregon LNG, LLC

Warrenton, OR
2.3.3
2.3.3.1
Job No. 07902

Doc No. 07902-TS-200-108, Rev. E
Page 21 of 38
Liners (Vapor Barriers)

Bottom Liner
A vapor tight bottom liner connected to the wall liner shall be provided. The
design shall account for stresses, strains and thermal considerations. The
bottom liner plates shall be lap welded.
2.3.3.2
Wall Liner
A vapor tight wall liner connected to the bottom liner, the TCP embed plate,
and the roof liner shall be provided.
2.3.3.3
Roof Liner
A carbon steel roof liner shall be installed at the inside face of the concrete
roof. The liner shall function as an integral part of the concrete roof and
may be used as formwork for the concrete during construction.
2.3.4
2.3.4.1
Suspended Deck
Vents
The suspended deck shall be provided with open vents to ensure pressure
equilibrium on both sides of the suspended deck.
2.3.4.2
Plate Design
The suspended deck shall be aluminum (B2095083O AL) and the
suspended deck hangers shall be Type 304 Stainless Steel.
2.3.5
2.3.5.1
Secondary Bottom and Thermal Corner Protection (TCP)

General
The secondary bottom shall consist of ASTM A 553 Type 1 lap-welded
inner bottom plates and annular plates at the perimeter.
2.3.6
2.3.6.1
Piping and Roof Nozzles

General
The tank internal piping shall enter the tank through the concrete outer tank
roof. No penetrations through the outer wall or inner tank shell shall be
permitted. All roof nozzles shall have vertical axes, with the flange bolt
holes straddling the north-south centerline of the nozzle.
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Job No. 07902

Doc No. 07902-TS-200-108, Rev. E
Page 22 of 38
External flanges up to 24 inches NPS shall conform to ASME B16.5.

Flanges larger than NPS 24 shall conform to ASME B16.47. The design
shall satisfy the requirements of API 620, paragraph 5.20.2.
Contractor shall provide a listing of nozzle penetrations and also drawings
that illustrate the location of the nozzle penetrations.
2.3.6.2
Pump Columns
Each LNG Storage Tank shall be equipped with three in-tank pump columns.
The size of the columns will be provided separately. The pump columns
shall be fully installed and include electrical supplies, supports,
instrumentation, piping, etc., for a complete system. The columns shall be
designed to ASME pressure vessel codes, as they operate at higher pressures
than the LNG storage tank.
2.3.6.3
Liquid Inlet-Top Fill

A liquid inlet with a roof nozzle for top filling the LNG Storage Tank shall
be provided.
2.3.6.4
Liquid Inlet-Bottom Fill

A liquid inlet with a roof nozzle for bottom filling the LNG Storage Tank
shall be provided.
2.3.6.5
Vapor Outlets
Liquid entrainment shall be avoided in the vapor outlets and relief valves by
positioning the vapor outlets away from the deflector plate and standpipe of
the liquid inlet line.
2.3.6.6
Purge/Venting System
The purge/venting system shall include means for both inerting all areas of
the tank using nitrogen and pistoning out nitrogen from the inner tank with
introduced natural gas prior to cooldown.
2.3.7
Structural Steel
Design of steel structural components shall be in accordance with the USA
AISC Steel Construction Manual.
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Warrenton, OR
Job No. 07902

Doc No. 07902-TS-200-108, Rev. E
Page 23 of 38
CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
3.1
Materials Requirements
3.1.1
3.1.1.1
Concrete Outer Tank

Concrete
Concrete shall be per ACI 318 and shall have 28 day specified compressive
strengths of 27.6 MPa [4000 psi] for reinforced concrete components, and
41.4 MPa [6000 psi] for post-tensioned components, or higher. Blinding
concrete used as a mud mat shall be C20. Concrete mix design and
production and testing shall comply with ACI 318.
3.1.1.2
Steel
All reinforcement, excluding cryogenic reinforcing steel, shall be uncoated
deformed bars conforming to the requirements of ASTM A615 Grade 60 or
alternatively BS 4449 Grade 460. Cryogenic reinforcing steel shall also be
uncoated, but marked in a way as to be clearly distinguishable from noncryogenic reinforcing steel.
3.1.2
3.1.2.1
Inner Tank, Secondary Bottom, and TCP Materials

Plate
All inner tank primary component plate materials shall comply with ASTM
A553 Type 1. ASTM A553 Type 1 shall also have restricted sulfur (max
0.005%) and restricted phosphorus (max 0.010%).
The following additional requirements shall be prepared during preparation
for construction:
A reference list of proposed material suppliers giving details of their
experience in the supply of 9% nickel materials.

Before leaving the steel mill, the four corners of all 9% nickel steel
plates shall be checked using a gauss meter. Residual magnetism shall

not exceed 50 Gauss.
For the quenched and tempered grade of 9% nickel steel, a heat
treatment in accordance with the steel manufacturers recommendation

is required if it has been cold deformed between 3% and 5%. Cold
deformation shall not exceed 5%.
3.1.2.2
Internal Piping Components

Material for piping, tubing, forging, and bolting shall conform with the
requirements of Appendix Q of API 620 (Table Q-1).
Oregon LNG, LLC

Warrenton, OR
3.1.2.3
Job No. 07902

Doc No. 07902-TS-200-108, Rev. E
Page 24 of 38
Secondary Bottom and TCP Components

The secondary bottom and thermal corner protection shall be made of ASTM
A553 Type 1. Material requirements for this A553 Type 1 shall comply with
the requirements of API 620 Appendix Q for primary component material.
3.1.3
3.1.3.1
Bottom Liner, Wall Liner, and Roof Liner (Vapor Barriers)

Plate
The outer bottom plate the steel plate vapor barriers on the concrete wall and
their embedment materials, and all roof plate material shall be carbon steel
conforming to API 620 Appendix R-4 requirements. Structural framework
under the roof plates used for roof plate erection and to provide support
during concrete pouring shall be ASTM A36, A572, or equivalent. This
framework shall be welded to the roof plates.
3.1.3.2
Welding
Welding procedures shall comply with API 620, Appendix R.6 requirements
for components that do not qualify as secondary components for all
conditions or applicable combinations of normal and emergency loads.
Contractor shall prepare an alloy verification procedure that includes details
for welding procedures on alloy materials.
3.1.4
3.1.4.1
Suspended Deck
Deck Materials
The suspended deck shall be ASTM B209 aluminum alloy 5083-O.
3.1.4.2
Hangers
Suspension rods/hangers shall be stainless steel Type 304.
3.1.4.3
Testing Procedure - Materials

All 9% nickel materials shall be tested in accordance with the requirements
of API 620, Q.2.2.2, Q.2.2.3 and Q.2.2.4 and in accordance with the alloy
verification procedure prepared by Contractor. Testing methods and controls
shall comply with ASTM A370.
3.1.4.4
Welded Joints
Impact testing procedure requirements shall be in accordance with API 620,
Q.6.2.
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Job No. 07902

Doc No. 07902-TS-200-108, Rev. E
Page 25 of 38
The required weld metal and HAZ impact values are 37 ft-lb at -320F for
deposited weld metal and HAZ for full size specimens. Retests, if required,
shall be conducted in accordance with ASME Section VIII, Division 1,
UHT-6(a)(4). In addition, no single specimen shall have an impact energy
value less than 75% of the specified value.
3.2
Fabrication and Inspection - Steel Components

3.2.1
3.2.1.1
Fabrication
9% Nickel Handling
Use of magnets for handling the 9% nickel steel plates shall be prohibited.
3.2.1.2
9% Nickel Edge Preparation

Plate edge preparation of 9% nickel plates shall normally be done by
machining. Plasma cutting is permitted subject to approval of submitted
procedures. For specific cases, where flame cutting is necessary for weld
bevel preparation, the cut edges shall be ground to a bright metal finish.
3.2.1.3
Production Tests for 9% Nickel

Production tests for 9% nickel steel plate fabrication for the inner tank are
required per API 620 Appendix Q. Contractor shall prepare alloy verification
procedures.
3.2.1.4
Temporary Attachments
Temporary attachment welding to the inner tank shall be qualified in
accordance with API 620. The welds shall be removed prior the hydrostatic
testing of the tank.
3.2.1.5
Arc Strikes
Arc strikes on primary components shall be avoided, and temporary
attachment welds on primary components shall be removed. The surface of
the primary components where arc strikes have occurred and where
temporary attachment welds have been removed shall be properly
conditioned to eliminate surface stress risers. Such surfaces shall be liquid
penetrant examined and any defects removed, and the surface repaired and
re-examined before the tank is hydro tested.
3.2.1.6
Installation Procedures
The welding and installation method of the primary and secondary bottoms
shall be such that voids are minimized under the bottom liner. Procedures
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Job No. 07902

Doc No. 07902-TS-200-108, Rev. E
Page 26 of 38
shall be prepared for installation of the bottom, the cellular glass insulation
and the concrete ringbeam.
A mouse-hole shall be made in the horizontal butt-welds of the inner tank
stiffeners in accordance with Figure Q-1 of API 620 to allow liquid to
completely drain.
3.2.2
3.2.2.1
Welding Procedures
General
Welding shall be in accordance with API 620 and in accordance with an
alloy verification procedure that is to be prepared by Contractor. All vertical
and horizontal seams of the inner tank shell may be welded manually, semiautomatically, or by machine.
3.2.2.2
Documentation
All welding procedure specifications (WPS) and procedure qualification
records (PQR) to be used for the construction of the tanks, including those
for prefabrication, repair, tack and attachment welds, shall be approved prior
to the work being performed.
3.2.2.3
Welding and NDE Maps

Welding procedures used for all welds and the radiographic or ultrasonic
inspection procedure shall be clearly indicated in construction documents.
3.2.2.4
Post Hydrotest
No welding shall be permitted on the inner tank after completion of the
hydrotest.
3.2.3
3.2.3.1
Welding Consumables
General
Filler metal for 9% nickel welding shall conform to AWS SFA-5.11 and/or
SFA-5.14.
3.2.3.2
Code Compliance
Each lot or heat of the austenitic stainless steel welding (filler) materials
shall meet the requirements of ASME Section VIII, Division 1, UHA-51 (e)
and (f). All welding procedures shall be qualified as required by API 620.
3.2.4
Welding Qualification and Identification
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Job No. 07902

Doc No. 07902-TS-200-108, Rev. E
Page 27 of 38
All welding shall be performed by qualified welders, tested and certified to

each process including fit up. Tank welding shall be performed in
accordance with the requirements of API 620.
Oregon LNG, LLC

Warrenton, OR
3.2.5
3.2.5.1
Job No. 07902

Doc No. 07902-TS-200-108, Rev. E
Page 28 of 38
Inspection
Radiographic Inspection
The radiographic techniques, acceptance criteria and extent (except where
NFPA 59A applies) for the inner tank shall be in accordance with API 620.
Radiographic inspection of butt welds in plates shall be in accordance with
the requirements of API 620, Q.7.6 and NFPA 59A.
3.2.5.2
Liquid Penetrant Examination

Liquid penetrant examination for the inner tank shall be carried out in
accordance with API 620. The secondary bottom annular plates shall have
the same liquid penetrant examination requirements as the inner bottom
annular plates. TCP welds shall have the root pass and the final weld
examined by liquid penetrant. The weld between the secondary bottom and
the TCP shall have the root pass and the final weld examined by liquid
penetrant.
3.2.5.3
Solution Film Testing

Vacuum box testing shall be carried out in accordance with API 620.
All welds of the roof liner plates shall be vacuum box tested before concrete
placement on the roof. Vacuum box testing of the bottom slab and side wall
vapor barrier welds shall be completed before covering up the plates. Welds
between liner components (e.g. wall liner to bottom liner) shall be vacuum
box tested.
All secondary bottom, TCP and outer bottom vapor barrier plate welds shall
be vacuum box tested.
Inner tank bottom plate welds shall be vacuum box tested before and after
hydrostatic testing.
The inner tank shell-to-bottom Tee joint annular space shall be pressure
tested for leakage using a solution film in accordance with API 620,
Paragraph Q.8.2.2.
3.3
Insulation Systems
3.3.1
Tank Bottom Insulation System

The tank bottom shall be insulated with cellular glass block insulation,
which is a load bearing insulation designed to support the tank and product
weight.
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Warrenton, OR
Job No. 07902

Doc No. 07902-TS-200-108, Rev. E
Page 29 of 38
A concrete bearing ring shall be located under the inner tank shell to
distribute the shell loads into the underlying bottom insulation.
The cellular glass blocks shall be located between the outer bottom and inner
bottom and laid on a concrete leveling course on top of the outer tank
bottom. Inter-leaving material shall be placed over the concrete leveling
course and between bottom insulation layers to fully develop the strength of
the load bearing bottom insulation.
A layer of dry sand shall be placed over the cellular glass block bottom
insulation prior to installation of the inner tank bottom.
3.3.2
Tank Wall Insulation

The annular space between the inner and outer tanks shall be filled with
loose fill expanded Perlite and resilient glass wool blanket insulation. The
following parameters are applicable to the Perlite that shall be used:
Perlite density is between 3 lb/ft3 and 5 lb/ft3
Thermal conductivity not greater than 0.305 Btu-in/hr-ft2 at 32F
Moisture content limit 0.5% maximum
An important consideration for the installation of the Perlite in the annular

space is the Perlite vibration after filling. Vibration will be used to settle
the Perlite to eliminate potential voids or pockets in the Perlite volume and
maximize the insulating value of the system. The design of the LNG
Storage Tank shall include a reservoir of Perlite that shall be placed at the
top of the annular space to compensate for future, long-term settlement of
the Perlite.
3.3.3
Suspended Deck Insulation

The outer tank roof shall support a suspended deck above the top of the
inner tank.
Roof deck plates shall be fully seal welded before the beginning of any
glass fiber blanket installation. If a formed plate (trough system) is used,
then lapping and fixing details must completely seal against insulation
leakage.
Identification markers shall be provided to gauge the finished level of
blanket insulation by means of easily identifiable colored tape or an
acceptable alternative at all roof hangers and deck penetration collars.
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Job No. 07902

Doc No. 07902-TS-200-108, Rev. E
Page 30 of 38
At each penetration through the suspended deck there shall be a flexible

shroud fitted to prevent fiberglass material from falling into the inner
container.
3.3.4
Insulation of Nozzles and Internal Piping

Nozzle connections with internal piping located in the LNG Storage Tank
dome space shall be provided with thermal distance pieces to allow the
line temperature to warm to near ambient temperature at the point of
penetration into the roof. The thermal distance pieces shall be insulated
with fiberglass blanket to provide insulation between the cold line and
distance piece and also to provide a convection stop. The outside
insulation layer can be bonded foil or open weave glass fabric and shall be
specified during detailed design.
3.3.5
3.3.5.1
Protection of Insulation
Storage
All insulation materials shall be stored in an enclosed and ventilated dry
place and shall be protected against water from the time they are dispatched
to site until they are required for installation.
3.3.5.2
Installation
Adequate provisions shall be made to ensure the complete absence of
moisture in the insulation and in the zones where insulation is to be installed.
The methods proposed for ensuring dryness shall be specified during
detailed design.
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Warrenton, OR
Job No. 07902

Doc No. 07902-TS-200-108, Rev. E
Page 31 of 38
ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS

4.1
Accessories
4.1.1
Roof Platform
The pump platform shall be sized to provide sufficient working space
around the pump wells and piping.
4.1.2
4.1.2.1
Access to Platform and Roof

Stairways, Ladders and Tank Access
A stairway with intermediate landings attached to the outer tank shall be
provided to access the roof platforms. This staircase shall provide access
from the platform to the tank roof.
An emergency escape ladder shall also be provided at a location that is
opposite the main roof platform and accessed via a roof walkway. This shall
be of the caged ladder type with side stepping platforms. It shall be attached
to and supported by the outer tank.
Platforms shall be provided on the tank roof for access to the pump columns,
nozzles and instrumentation. Stairways with handrails shall provide access
to the top of the roof.
4.1.2.2
Internal Tank Ladder

Internal tank access shall be provided through roof man-ways. A stairway
shall be provided to the inner tank bottom.
4.1.2.3
Walkways and Handrails

Handrails for exterior stairways and platforms shall be galvanized.
4.1.3
Cranes/Hoists
The pump handling system shall consist of a monorail type hoist.
Explosion proof electric motors and components shall be provided to meet
hazardous rating requirements.
4.1.4
Supports
During detailed design, specifications for the design and supply of
reinforced pads, embedments and sleepers for attachment of pipe supports,
electrical/ instrument cable, platform, and handrail supports shall be
prepared.
Oregon LNG, LLC

Warrenton, OR
4.1.5
Job No. 07902

Doc No. 07902-TS-200-108, Rev. E
Page 32 of 38
Lighting
General tank lighting systems shall be provided. Lighting levels shall be
as defined in Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA)
recommendation.
Emergency escape lighting shall be provided using self contained battery
fittings.
A dual aircraft warning light shall be provided at the highest point on the
tank in accordance with FAA directives. Outdoor convenience receptacles
shall be provided at the tank with a minimum of two at the top platform.
The electrical system shall be designed in accordance with the National
Electrical Code (NEC). To the greatest extent possible, all lighting shall
be directed inward to the Terminal and shall consist of low yellow lighting.
4.2
External Piping
In case of earthquake, large displacement of LNG storage tank in the horizontal and
vertical directions may be generated due to the lateral motion of the isolators. For the
layout design and the strength study of the LNG storage tank external piping, the
displacement of LNG storage tank shall be considered.
Differential settlement due to ground deformation shall be considered also.
4.3
Pressure and Vacuum Relief Systems

The tank shall be ultimately protected against over-pressure and under-pressure by the
provision of pressure and vacuum relief valves.
4.3.1.1
Over-Pressure Protection
Over-pressure protection shall be provided by spring-loaded remote sensing
pilot operated relief valves. These valves relieve from the inner tank to
atmosphere, ensuring that cold gas is not drawn into the dome space in a
relief event. When the relief valves lift, cold LNG vapor is discharged to
atmosphere.
The required relieving rate is dependent on a number of factors, but sizing
shall be based on the NFPA 59A Section 4.7.3.2 (2001 ed.) requirement that:
The minimum pressure relieving capacity in kg/hr (lb/hr) shall not be less
than 3 percent of full tank contents in 24 hours. Also, NFPA 59A 4.7.2.1
(2001 ed.) requires: Sufficient pressure and vacuum relief valves shall be
installed on the LNG container to allow each valve to be isolated
individually for testing or maintenance while maintaining the full relieving
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capacities required. The number of relief valves shall be determined

accordingly. Each valve shall be provided with an inlet isolation valve.
Valve discharges shall be independently routed to atmosphere.
Each relief valve shall discharge to atmosphere locally at a safe location via
a vertical tailpipe. NFPA 59A Section 4.7.2 (2001 ed.) requires: Relief
devices shall communicate directly with the atmosphere. A safe location is
considered to be a minimum of 3m from platforms and walkways and 5m
above local grade (tank roof).
To protect against the ingress of foreign matter, the tailpipe shall be
provided with a coarse screen; and to protect against rain ingress a smallbore piped low point drain shall be provided. To protect against snow and
ice, the tailpipe shall be provided with appropriate winterization.
4.3.1.2
Under-Pressure Protection
Under-pressure protection shall be provided by weight-loaded, pallet-type
vacuum relief valves. These valves relieve from atmosphere to the dome
space, ensuring, insofar as possible, that moist air is not drawn into the inner
tank in a relief event. When the relief valves lift, air is drawn into the tank
from the atmosphere.
Vacuum relief valves shall be designed in accordance with the requirements
of NFPA 59A Section 4.7.2.1 (2001 ed.), which requires that: Sufficient
pressure and vacuum relief valves shall be installed on the LNG container to
allow each valve to be isolated individually for testing or maintenance while
maintaining the full relieving capacities required. Therefore, sufficient
redundancy shall be installed to provide the total required relief capacity.
Each valve shall be provided with a dedicated tank-side isolation valve.
Valve inlets will draw independently from the atmosphere.
To protect against the ingress of foreign matter, the inlet of each vacuum
relief valve shall be provided with a coarse screen; and to protect against
rain and snow ingress a protective cowl shall be provided. To protect
against ice, each valve shall be provided with winterization.
A monorail crane shall be positioned for relief valve service.
4.4
Electrical
4.4.1
LNG Tank Grounding (Earthing)

The tank shall be provided with a grounding system. The grounding grid
shall consist of stranded copper wire. Grounding electrodes are spaced
such that the overall grounding resistance shall not exceed 10 Ohms.
Oregon LNG, LLC

Warrenton, OR
4.4.2
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Lightning Protection
During detailed design, a complete lightning protection system shall be
specified. The system shall be comprised of air terminals, bonding
conductors and down conductors on each tank. The down connectors shall
terminate at ground busses, which shall be connected directly to the
grounding grid ring with insulated grounding cable. The lightning
protection system shall be designed in accordance with API 2003 and
NFPA 780.
4.4.3
Foundation Heating System

Contractor shall determine the need for a foundation heating system to
prevent frost heave of the subsoil. If required, the foundation heating
system shall consist of a constant wattage cable system installed in parallel
galvanized steel conduits. The conduits shall be spaced at appropriate
intervals to provide an even heating layer for a designed 100% surplus
heating system (available heat versus required heat). The system shall be
fully redundant and include: Power Controller, Temperature
Controller/Monitor, Temperature Sensors, Heating Cable, Junction Boxes,
Marshalling Cabinets and all cables necessary to provide a complete
system from the marshalling panels to the under tank components.
Foundation heating system monitoring, alarm and status data shall be
available through the Terminal DCS system.
4.5
Instrumentation
Contractor shall provide drawings and specifications for the LNG storage tank
instrumentation requirements. The following is a summary of the instrumentation
systems that shall be installed.
4.5.1.1
Cool-Down Sensors
To assist in cool-down and subsequent temperature measurement during
commissioning and decommissioning of the tank, resistance temperature
detector (RTD) elements shall be installed. All cabling from these RTDs
shall be terminated at a junction box external to the tank roof.
4.5.1.2
Temperature Sensors
RTD elements shall be placed on the inner shell, the inner container bottom
and on the suspended deck. These temperature elements shall be used to
monitor the tank temperature during cool-down.
RTDs shall be located in the tank bottom annular space for leak detection
and they shall be spaced equally around the circumference of the tank.
Oregon LNG, LLC

Warrenton, OR
Job No. 07902

Doc No. 07902-TS-200-108, Rev. E
Page 35 of 38
RTDs shall be located in the vertical portion of the annular space at two
different heights.
4.5.1.3
Liquid Level Instruments

Each tank shall include two liquid level gauges installed in stilling wells.
The gauges shall be servo-motor operated type and shall include field
indicators and a data transmitter to allow information to interface with the
Terminal DCS system.
4.5.1.4
Tank Gauging and Overfill Protection Requirements

The servo type level gauges shall be equipped to provide remote reading and
high-level alarm signals in the control room. Each gauge shall be equipped
with a transmitter and threshold contact allowing the reading of low level,
normal maximum operating level and high-high level with emergency
alarm/trip.
An independent third instrument for level high alarm and level high-high
alarm with trips shall be provided. The trip switches from this third
instrument, along with the other two automatic gauges, shall be wired to the
SIS system.
4.5.1.5
Density Monitoring
An independent level, temperature, density (LTD) system monitor, with
density difference alarm, shall be installed. The system shall monitor the
level versus temperature versus density profile. This device shall be used to
monitor for liquid stratification and potential rollover situations.
4.5.1.6
Procedures for Monitoring and Remediating Stratification

The LNG tank shall be equipped with density monitoring instrumentation to
indicate stratification and potential rollover problems to allow early action.
The LNG storage tank shall be capable of top or bottom filling from an LNG
carrier to avoid stratification. In addition, facilities shall be provided to
circulate the stored product so that if stratification begins to develop, the
tank contents can be thoroughly mixed. This shall involve pumping LNG
from the bottom of the tank and returning it to either the top or the bottom as
needed.
4.5.1.7
Liquid Temperature Measurement

Two temperature assemblies shall be installed to measure the tank internal
contents at predetermined intervals. These temperature signals shall be
transmitted to the control room via the level system serial link.
Oregon LNG, LLC

Warrenton, OR
4.5.1.8
Job No. 07902

Doc No. 07902-TS-200-108, Rev. E
Page 36 of 38
Translation and Rotation Movement Indicators

Contractor shall provide drawings that illustrate details of translation and
movement indicators that shall be designed for the inner tank.
4.6
Painting
4.6.1
Sealing Concrete Outer Surfaces

A specification for sealing concrete outer surfaces shall be prepared during
detailed design. One option to make the outside surface of the concrete
roof and concrete walls water-tight will be by means of a coating or sealer.
In this option, the surface will be sweep-blasted and then coated with a
light-colored epoxy-based paint. A second option may be to use concrete
additives such as Blast Furnace Slag Cement (BFSC), Silica Fume, or Fly
Ash cement that may eliminate the need for external coatings on the
concrete roof and walls.
4.6.2
Internal Metal Surfaces

The internal surfaces of carbon steel liners (bottom, wall, and roof) shall
be grit blasted and shop primed, except that a weld strip of approximately
50 mm may be left unprimed. The 9% nickel steel shall be grit blasted
only, or grit blasted and shop primed (except for a 50 mm, strip which may
be left unprimed) only if the primer is suitable for service at cryogenic
temperature.
4.6.3
General Requirements
Carbon steel stairs, platforms and pipe supports shall be hot dip galvanized.
Stainless steel, aluminum and galvanized surfaces shall not be painted.
4.6.4
Insulated or Fireproofed Surfaces

All external metal surfaces including insulated or fire proofed surfaces,
equipment, and piping (excluding stainless steel) shall be coated or painted.
Specifications for coating and painting shall be prepared during detailed
design.
Oregon LNG, LLC

Warrenton, OR
Job No. 07902

Doc No. 07902-TS-200-108, Rev. E
Page 37 of 38
COMMISSIONING REQUIREMENTS
5.1
Hydrostatic/Pneumatic Testing
5.1.1
Hydrotesting of Inner Tank

Hydrostatic testing of the inner container shall be in accordance with API
620 Appendix Q.8.
Contractor shall prepare hydrostatic test procedures that, in addition to the
actual hydrostatic test procedure shall also include the following:
5.1.1.1
Requirements for water quality, including sampling, testing and

treatment required to determine suitability prior to use.
Rates at which water is to be pumped into the LNG storage tank.

Note: water shall be pumped into the tank at rates not exceeding the
limitation set by API 620.
Limits for the period of time that water used for hydrostatic testing
shall remain within the tank to prevent corrosion and biological
fouling and shall include any requirements for treatment.
Requirements for re-using water for hydrostatic testing of additional

LNG Storage Tanks.
Requirements for the disposal of water upon completion of the

hydrostatic testing and any treatment prior to discharge.
Pressure and Vacuum Testing
A pneumatic test of the outer container shall be performed in accordance
with API 620 Appendix Q.8.
Pump columns shall be tested in accordance with ASME B31.3, Chapter VI,
345.6 - Hydrostatic-Pneumatic Leak Test. The design pressure shall be the
pump discharge pressure at shutoff. Prior to the tank hydrotest, the pump
wells shall be emptied and sealed.
5.1.1.2
Settlement Monitoring
A settlement monitoring system shall be provided to measure and record
inner and outer container movements during construction and hydro test.
Contractor shall provide details of the survey/reference points and their
location around the outer edge of the tank foundation. In addition,
settlement of the inner container shall be monitored at the same reference
points used for the tank foundation/outer container. Measurements shall be
made from the inner container annular plate. Also, a reference point shall be
Oregon LNG, LLC

Warrenton, OR
Job No. 07902

Doc No. 07902-TS-200-108, Rev. E
Page 38 of 38
established on the outer container wall to measure differential settlement

between inner and outer containers. Differential settlement and tilting of the
foundation shall be monitored and recorded.
During the hydro test, settlements, rotation and foundation tilting shall be
monitored at approximately each 16-foot increment of water fill height.
Measurements shall also be recorded when the tank is emptied. During
construction, the settlement of the foundation and inner container shall be
monitored on a weekly basis.
Contractor shall prepare a detailed civil monitoring specification.
5.2
Calibration
Prior to mechanical completion of the LNG storage tank, the construction contractor
shall arrange for calibration of the inner tank by a specialist organization in accordance
with the API Manual of Petroleum Management Standard, Chapter 2, Tank
Calibration, or other internationally accepted code. The construction contractor shall
supply gauge tables or equivalent calibration curves and equations, which relate the
actual tank volume under operating conditions and at various product levels to the
warm, measured, tank volume.
5.3
Purging
A detailed drying, purging and cooldown procedure shall be provided by the
construction contractor.
Oregon LNG
Warrenton, Oregon
Public Appendices
Job No. 07902
Resource Report 13
18 CFR 380.12(o)
Appendix L.3
M L (A)
D
C
B
A
20JAN09
11JAN08
Revised based on client comment (Sec.2.2)

Revised based on client comment
Issued for Approval
TH
TH
TH
TH
MH
MH
MH
MH
NO.
DATE
DESCRIPTION
PREPD
CHECKED
APPROVED
28APR08
17JAN08
CAUTION
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS
CONFIDENTIAL AND
PROPRIETARY
INFORMATION OF IHI
CORPORATION.
THE DOCUMENT ALWAYS
REQUIRES PRIOR WRITTEN
CONSENT OF IHI FOR
(1) ITS REPRODUCTION BY ANY
MEANS,
(2) ITS DISCLOSURE TO A
THIRD PARTY,OR
(3) ITS USE FOR ANY PURPOSE
OTHER THAN THOSE FOR
WHICH IT IS SUPPLIED.
CH-IV INTERNATIONAL
OREGON LNG FERC FILING PROJECT
TANK INSTRUMENTATION SPECIFICATION
JOB NO.
Electrical & Control Dept.

TEL 036204-7615
TE2573-0 A4
Environmental & Plant Div.
DRAWING NO.
REV.
07902-TS-200-203/S7400-9001
8.5
IHI Corporation
1 6
FORM E399-6A
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................3
2.0
TANK GAUGING SYSTEM AND OVERFILL PROTECTION .........................................3
3.0
TEMPERATURE MONITORING FOR LEAK DETECTION.............................................4
4.0
TEMPERATURE MONITORING FOR COOLDOWN......................................................4
5.0
TEMPERATURE MONITORING FOR BASE SLAB .......................................................5
6.0
PRESSURE MONITORING ............................................................................................5
7.0
TEMPERATURE MONITORING.....................................................................................5
8.0
INNER TANK HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT SYSTEM .....................................................6
JOB NO

DRAWING NO.
REV.
07902-TS-200-203/S7400-9001
IHI Corporation
FORM
2 6
E399-008
1.0
INTRODUCTION
This document is to specify the purpose and the general requirement for tank
instrumentation. The tank instrumentation comprises the followings.
1) Tank gauging system and overfill protection
2) Temperature monitoring for leak detection
3) Temperature monitoring for cooldown
4) Temperature monitoring for base slab
5) Pressure monitoring
6) Temperature monitoring
7) Inner tank movement system
2.0
TANK GAUGING SYSTEM AND OVERFILL PROTECTION
2.1 Purpose
The tank gauging system provides the necessary measurement of product level,
temperature and density for tank inventory management and product stratification during
normal operation.
2.2 Description
The measurement of product level and temperature in the tank will be provided by two level
gauges, both equipped to provide remote level reading and level alarm signals in the control
room. Each gauge shall be equipped with transmitter and threshold contacts to provide
low-low level and high-high level alarms. Both the gauges shall read both level and
temperature of the product with multiple temperature sensors.
An independent third level gauge for high-high level alarm only shall also be provided. The
signal together with the other two tank gauges shall be cabled to the SIS system.
A separate level / temperature / density gauge (LTD) shall be provided to monitor the
product density at any given level. The LTD shall also monitor the level and temperature at
any given density measurement point. The LTD is used to monitor for the onset of product
stratification, which can lead to rollover. The use of top and bottom fill lines and product
re-circulation ensures that stratification is avoided.
A PC based system shall be provided as data acquisition system to collect and manage the
data such as level, temperature and density etc. measured by the above tank gauges and
shall be provided with hardware and software to permit data transfer to the plant control
system by means of serial communications (RS-485 interface).
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FORM
3 6
E399-008
3.0
TEMPERATURE MONITORING FOR LEAK DETECTION
3.1 Purpose
The purpose of the temperature sensor is to monitor the temperature in the annular space
between inner tank and outer wall and to generate an alarm when low temperature is
detected because of inner tank leakage.
3.2 Description
The sensor shall contain a minimum of 4 sensor elements spaced equal around the bottom
of the tank annular. At all location, one additional sensor shall be installed on a vertical line
along the thermal corner protection to provide an indication of build-up of any liquid inside
the annular space.
The sensor temperature remains relatively constant and due to the insulation and heat
in-leak from outside the tank, it is warmer than the bottom of the inner tank, which will be at
the LNG product temperature.
In the case of a leakage from the inner tank, the product will enter the annular space and the
temperature in the area around the leak will fall. This will be detected by the temperature
sensor and an alarm will be raised to control room by plant control system.
All the sensors shall be 3-wire RTD (platinum resistance temperature detectors) with a
resistance of 100ohms at 32deg.F (0deg.C) and in compliance with IEC 751 Class A.
4.0
TEMPERATURE MONITORING FOR COOLDOWN
4.1 Purpose
During tank cooldown, it is necessary to monitor the temperature of the tank shell, bottom
and suspended deck so that an adequate temperature profile of the tank can be obtained
during the cooldown process to ensure that the tank is being cooled down uniformly and that
temperature differences do not occur which would cause unacceptable stresses in the inner
tank shell and bottom plates.
4.2 Description
A series of sensors shall be located on the inner tank shell, bottom and suspended deck to
provide coverage of the complete tank. The temperature elements are routed through
nozzles on the tank roof.
The number and location of the temperature sensors shall be as follows;
a. 13 (thirteen) equally spaced along a vertical line on the outside of the tank shell
b. 11 (eleven) distributed strategically along diagonal line on the inside of the tank bottom
c. 5 (five) equally spaced along a horizontal line on the suspended deck
All cooldown sensors shall be 3-wire RTD (platinum resistance temperature detectors) with a
JOB NO

DRAWING NO.
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IHI Corporation
FORM
4 6
E399-008
5.0
TEMPERATURE MONITORING FOR BASE SLAB
5.1 Purpose
The temperature sensors are used to know the temperature of the concrete bottom slab.
5.2 Description
A continuous temperature monitoring shall be provided for the base slab. The temperature
monitoring shall consist of 24 temperature sensors distributed over the base slab. The
design could be based on demonstrable previous installation experience.
All the sensors shall be 3-wire RTD (platinum resistance temperature detectors) with a
6.0
PRESSURE MONITORING
6.1 Purpose
The instrument is used for the BOG compressor control to keep pressure in storage tank
within allowable pressure and for over and vacuum pressure protection.
6.2 Description
Pressure transmitter for the bellow pressure measurement requirements is provided for
storage tank.
Absolute tank pressure for BOG compressor control

Gauge tank pressure for over and vacuum pressure protection and emergency shutdown
(ESD)
7.0
TEMPERATURE MONITORING
7.1 Purpose
The purpose of the temperature sensor is to monitor the temperature in the vapor space
under the suspended deck and to generate an alarm when the temperature in the vapor
space is increased due to some reasons.
7.2 Description
The sensor shall be installed under suspended deck to monitor the temperature of the vapor
space in storage tank.
The sensor shall be 3-wire RTD (platinum resistance temperature detectors) with a
JOB NO

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IHI Corporation
FORM
5 6
E399-008
8.0
INNER TANK MOVEMENT SYSTEM
8.1 Purpose
Inner tank movement indicators are provided to monitor radial and rotational measurement
of inner tank during cooldown and normal operation.
8.2 Description
Radial and rotational movement indicators shall be provided in the annular space between
inner tank and outer wall.
Radial and rotational movement of the inner tank shall be determined assuming the two
measured points lie on a circle, and that the radial thermal shrinkage at each position
relative to the tanks center is equal and repeatable.
Radial and rotational movement of the inner tank shall be measured relative to the TCP
inner wall using the sensors located at two orthogonal tank positions. Two sensors shall be
provided for radial and rotational movement respectively at each location.
JOB NO

DRAWING NO.
REV.
07902-TS-200-203/S7400-9001
IHI Corporation
FORM
6 6
E399-008
M L (A)
C
B
A
18JAN08
NO.
DATE
17JAN08
11JAN08
CAUTION
CONFIDENTIAL AND
PROPRIETARY
INFORMATION OF IHI
CORPORATION.
THE DOCUMENT ALWAYS
CONSENT OF IHI FOR
MEANS,
THIRD PARTY,OR

Issued for Approval
DESCRIPTION
TH
TH
TH
MH
MH
MH
PREPD
CHECKED
APPROVED
CH-IV INTERNATIONAL
TYPICAL SPECIFICATION FOR LEVEL/TEMPERATURE/DENSITY MONITORING,
LIQUID LEVEL GAUGING AND OVERFILL PROTECTION SYSTEM
JOB NO.

TEL 036204-7615
TE2573-0 A4
DRAWING NO.
REV.
07902-TS-200-204/S7721-9001
8.5
IHI Corporation
FORM
1 21
E399-6A
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0
SCOPE ............................................................................................................................... 3
2.0
CODE AND STANDARD ................................................................................................... 3
3.0
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ..................................................................................... 4
4.0
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................ 4
5.0
IDENTIFICATIONS PLATES ............................................................................................. 4
6.0
FACTORY ACCEPTANCE TEST ...................................................................................... 5
7.0
SITE ACCEPTACE TEST .................................................................................................. 5
8.0
TECHNICAL INFORMATION (DOCUMENTATION) ......................................................... 6
9.0
INDIVIDUAL SPECIFICATION .......................................................................................... 6

9.1 Level gauging.................................................................................................................. 6
9.2 Temperature monitoring.................................................................................................. 7
9.3 Density monitoring .......................................................................................................... 7
9.4 Level gauging for high-high level protection ................................................................... 8
9.5 Data acquisition system .................................................................................................. 8
ATTACHMENT-1 VENDOR BROCHURE FOR LEVEL GAUGE

ATTACHMENT-2 VENDOR BROCHURE FOR LTD
ATTACHMENT-3 TYPICAL SYSTEM CONFIGURATION FULLY REDUNDANT ARCHITECTURE
JOB NO

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FORM
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E399-008
1.0
SCOPE
This specification defines general requirements for the design and supply of TANK
GAUGING SYSTEM (including separate high-high level gauge) for tank inventory
management. TANK GAUGING SYSTEM shall be composed of the following equipment.
2.0
Level Gauging with multi-type temperature sensor
; 2 sets
Level, Temperature and Density Monitoring
; 1 set
Level Gauging for high-high level protection
; 1 set
Data Acquisition System
; 1 set
CODE AND STANDARD

TANK GAUGING SYSTEM design and materials shall comply with latest editions of codes
and standards listed below:
NEMA Publications
NEMA 250
Enclosures for Electrical Equipment
API Publications
API RP 2350
Overfill Protection for Storage Tanks in Petroleum Facilities

Second Edition
API MPMS Chapter 2
Tank Calibration (Section 2A, 2B)
API MPMS Chapter 3
Tank Gauging,
Section 3
Standard Practice for Level Measurement of Liquid

Hydrocarbons in Stationary Pressurized Storage Tanks by
Automatic Tank Gauging
API MPMS Chapter 7
Temperature Determination
Section 4
Temperature Determination Using Fixed Automatic Tank

Thermometer
API MPMS Chapter 11.1
Volume Correction Factors Table
API MPMS Chapter 12
Calculation of Petroleum Quantities
ASME Publications
ASME B16.5
Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings.
ASME B31.3
Process Piping
ASME B46.1
Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness and Lay)
NFPA Publications
NFPA 59A
Production, Storage and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

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FORM
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E399-008
3.0
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
The system described herein for LNG Terminal Plant; the site is located in NE King Ave,
Warrenton, OR. The site conditions are stated in the Design Basis, 07902-TS-000-002.
4.0
The field equipment composing TANK GAUGING SYSTEM installed in process areas shall
comply with the following area classification and protetction class for the enclosure.
Area classification
: Class 1, Division 2, Group C&D
Protection class
: NEMA 4X or equal
Power supply (from UPS)
: VAC, single phase, Hz (TBA)
TANK GAUGING SYSTEM shall be designed in accordance with this specification. Process
connection shall be in accordance with piping class and shall be as indicated in this
specification. The manufacturer will be responsible for the right performance of TANK
GAUGING SYSTEM under the following conditions.
Tank details
Stored liquid
: LNG
Stored liquid density
: (HOLD) lb/ft3 (TBA)
Design min./max. temperature
: -270deg.F/Ambinet
Design min./max. pressure
: -0.073/4.3psig
Design max. liquid level
: 118.630ft
The manufacturer will give all equipments for TANK GAUGING SYSTEM with ending and
necessary coating to resist the environmental conditions mentioned in clause 3.0. It is
accepted the epoxy resin like a protective coating against the corrosion. Instrument color
shall be the manufacturer's standard unless otherwise specified.
5.0
IDENTIFICATIONS PLATES
All instruments shall be provided with an identification plate, with all data clearly and deeply
stamped on a corrosion-resistant plate permanently attached to the transmitter by means of
rivets or pins. The following information, but not limited to, shall be provided;
-
Instrument tag number

Manufacturers name or trade mark
Manufacturers model number
Manufacturers serial number
Body rating including units
Electrical safety type of protection and enclosure
Range including units of measure
Output signal including units
JOB NO

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FORM
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E399-008
Notes:
1. Manufacturers model number should include type of measuring element material and
type of fill fluid and if applicable the range elevation.
2. Electrical safety type of protection identification shall be identical to the one specified in
this specification.
3. Each transmitter shall be provided with a stainless steel tag plate that shall be fixed with a
stainless steel wire to the transmitter. This plate shall show the purchasers tag number as
stated in the requisition/indent.
6.0
FACTORY ACCEPTANCE TEST

Manufacturer will be responsible for procedures and/or tests programs to be followed to
guarantee the right performance of the TANK GAUGING SYSTEM. The responsibility for
production test rests with the manufacturer.
Before TANK GAUGING SYSTEM is delivered to site, satisfactory performance of TANK
GAUGING SYSTEM shall be demonstrated to CONTRACTOR and client or their
representative.
Client or their representative shall witness the test prior to releasing the equipment for
shipment. The manufacturer shall be responsible for conducting the tests and providing all
necessary facilities, equipment and personnel.
Unless otherwise specified, inspection by CONTRACTOR shall be restricted to the following
as a minimum:
- Visual examination and dimensional check
- Verification of hydraulic, functional and electrical test, and characteristic and accuracy
checks for each equipment
- Verification of functional test for the whole system
- Verification of electrical safety type of protection certificate or declaration
- Verification of material certificate (if applicable)
- Verification of calibration certificate
The final acceptance, on the part of CONTRACTOR, will be made TANK GAUGING
SYSTEM installation place.
7.0
SITE ACCEPTACE TEST

The manufacturer shall demonstrate, to CONTRACTOR and company that the scope of work
has been accomplished in accordance with the Site Acceptance Test Procedure that the
requirements of the test shall be defined. The test shall prove that the various systems have
not been damaged during transportation and are installed correctly. Communication test
between TANK GAUGING SYSTEM and Terminal DCS shall be done as Site Acceptance
Test.
JOB NO

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FORM
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E399-008
8.0
TECHNICAL INFORMATION (DOCUMENTATION)

The manufacturer shall provide the following documentation, as a minimum, including
drawings and technical specification where TANK GAUGING SYSTEM design characteristics
and manufacturing details are shown;
- General arrangement / Dimensioned drawings
- Fully detailed termination and wiring diagrams
- Software
- Installation, operation and maintenance manual
- Commissioning spare list, if any
- Spare quotation for 2 years operation
- Packing list complete with shipping weights and dimensions
- Factory and site test procedures
- Communication list with terminal DCS
In addition to the required test and inspection documents the manufacturer shall supply a
certificate stating that the TANK GAUGING SYSTEM comply in all respects with this
description, the specification and the purchase order including the test requirements, for the
complete TANK GAUGING SYSTEM.
9.0
INDIVIDUAL SPECIFICATION
9.1 Level gauging

The specification for the level gauge is as follows. Transmitter shall be equipped with
threshold contact in addition to serial link. The transmitter shall communicate with data
acquisition system with serial link as well as send contact signal to SIS system directly.
Vendor brochure is attached as Attachment-1 for reference.
Type
: Servo driven displacer gauge
Nozzle Connection
: 6 ANSI 150# RF
Measuring Range
: 0 to 120ft
Accuracy
: Within 2mm
Material
: Housing
: Cast aluminum
Measuring tape : Stainless steel

Displacer
: Stainless steel
Others
: Manufacturers standard
Power Cable Entry Thread : Min. 1/2 NPT

Signal Cable Entry Thread
: Min. 1/2 NPT

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E399-008
9.2 Temperature monitoring

9.2.1 Temperature sensor
The specification is as follows.The temperature sensors shall measure the temperature of
liquid and vapor contained in LNG tank, consisting of sixteen (16) spot resistance
temperature detectors (RTD) spaced for the length of the probe and covering the tank
available level. The output shall be transmitted to the multiple temperature interface.
Nozzle Connection
: 2ANSI 150# RF
Overall Length
: (HOLD) ft (TBD at detail engineering stage)
Sensitive Length
: (HOLD) ft (TBD at detail engineering stage)
9.2.2 Multiple temperature interface

The specification is as follows. The temperature interface shall transmit temperature data
measured by the above temperature sensor to data acquisition system with serial link by
means of the level gauge described in clause 9.1.
Measuring Range
: -328 to 122deg.F
Accuracy
: Within 0.2deg.C
Material
: Housing Aluminum
: Min. 1/2 NPT
9.3 Density monitoring

Combined Level, Temperature and Density (LTD) gauge shall be provided to measure level,
temperature and density of liquid stored in LNG tank continuously and shall be used to
prevent risk of Rollover. The specification for the LTD gauge is as follows. Vendor brochure
is attached as Attachment-2 for reference.
Nozzle Connection
: 6 ANSI 150# RF
Measuring Range
: 0 to 120ft
25.0 to 31.2lb/ft3
-328 to 32deg.F
Accuracy
Material
: Level
: Within 2mm
Density
: Within 0.5kg/m3
Temperature
: Within 0.1deg.C
: Housing
: Cast aluminum

LTD sensor
: Stainless steel
Others
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E399-008
Power Cable Entry Thread
: Min. 1/2 NPT
: Min. 1/2 NPT
9.4 Level gauging for high-high level protection

The specification for the level gauge for high-high level protection is as follows. Transmitter
shall be equipped with threshold contact. The transmitter shall send contact signal to SIS
system directly.
Type
: Servo driven displacer gauge or radar gauge
Nozzle Connection
: 6 ANSI 150# RF
Measuring Range
: 115 to 120ft
Accuracy
: Within 2mm
Material
: Housing
: Cast aluminum

Displacer
: Stainless steel
Others
Power Cable Entry Thread : Min. 1/2 NPT

: Min. 1/2 NPT
9.5 Data acquisition system

Data acquisition system shall consist of computer with windows based program, printer and
communication interface unit. The computer and printer shall be installed in control room and
communication interface unit shall be mounted in a cabinet installed in cabinet room. The
system shall receive all data from the field instruments composing TANK GAUGING
SYSTEM except level gauge for high-high level protection and display them. The system
shall transfer the required data to terminal DCS with serial link. Typical system configuration
fully redundant architecture is shown in Attachment-3.
JOB NO

DRAWING NO.
REV.
07902-TS-200-204/S7721-9001
IHI Corporation
FORM
8 / 21
E399-008
Attachment-1 Vendor Brochure for Level Gauge
JOB NO

DRAWING NO.
REV.
07902-TS-200-204/S7721-9001
IHI Corporation
FORM
9 / 21
E399-008
JOB NO

DRAWING NO.
REV.
07902-TS-200-204/S7721-9001
IHI Corporation
FORM
10 / 21
E399-008
JOB NO

DRAWING NO.
REV.
07902-TS-200-204/S7721-9001
IHI Corporation
FORM
11 / 21
E399-008
JOB NO

DRAWING NO.
REV.
07902-TS-200-204/S7721-9001
IHI Corporation
FORM
12 / 21
E399-008
JOB NO

DRAWING NO.
REV.
07902-TS-200-204/S7721-9001
IHI Corporation
FORM
13 / 21
E399-008
JOB NO

DRAWING NO.
REV.
07902-TS-200-204/S7721-9001
IHI Corporation
FORM
14 / 21
E399-008
Attachment-2 Vendor Brochure for LTD
JOB NO

DRAWING NO.
REV.
07902-TS-200-204/S7721-9001
IHI Corporation
FORM
15 / 21
E399-008
JOB NO

DRAWING NO.
REV.
07902-TS-200-204/S7721-9001
IHI Corporation
FORM
16 / 21
E399-008
JOB NO

DRAWING NO.
REV.
07902-TS-200-204/S7721-9001
IHI Corporation
FORM
17 / 21
E399-008
JOB NO

DRAWING NO.
REV.
07902-TS-200-204/S7721-9001
IHI Corporation
FORM
18 / 21
E399-008
JOB NO

DRAWING NO.
REV.
07902-TS-200-204/S7721-9001
IHI Corporation
FORM
19 / 21
E399-008
JOB NO

DRAWING NO.
REV.
07902-TS-200-204/S7721-9001
IHI Corporation
FORM
20 / 21
E399-008
Attachment-3 Typical System Configuration Fully Redundant Architecture
JOB NO

DRAWING NO.
REV.
07902-TS-200-204/S7721-9001
IHI Corporation
FORM
21 / 21
E399-008
Oregon LNG
Warrenton, Oregon
Public Appendices
Job No. 07902
Resource Report 13
18 CFR 380.12(o)
Appendix L.4
M L (A)
B
A
21.Apr.08
NO.
DATE
17.Mar.08
CAUTION
CONFIDENTIAL AND
PROPRIETARY
INFORMATION OF IHI
CORPORATION.
THE DOCUMENT ALWAYS
CONSENT OF IHI FOR
MEANS,
THIRD PARTY,OR
DESCRIPTION
+81-3-6204-7617
H.T
H.T
T.H
T.H
T.K
T.K
PREPD
CHECKED
APPROVED
CH-IV INTERNATIONAL
TYPICAL SPECIFICATION FOR
TANK CIVIL MONITORING
Civil & Architectural G.
Engineering Dept.
Environmental & Plants
Operations
TEL
TE2573-0 A4
For Review
For Review
JOB NO.
DRAWING NO.
07902-TS-200-205
8.5
IHI Corporation
REV.
B
FORM
1 7
E399-6A
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................... 3
1.1
Purpose of Monitoring....................................................................................................... 3
1.2
Scope................................................................................................................................ 3
1.3
Reference Documents ...................................................................................................... 3
GENERAL REQUIREMENT .................................................................................................... 4

2.1
Survey / Reference Points ................................................................................................ 4
2.2
Tilting of the Base Slab..................................................................................................... 4
2.3
Settlement Monitoring....................................................................................................... 4
OPERATION OF MONITORING ............................................................................................. 6

3.1
Settlement Monitoring....................................................................................................... 6
3.2
Tilt of Foundation .............................................................................................................. 6
3.3
Criteria of Differential Settlement...................................................................................... 6
FREQUENCY OF MONITORING ............................................................................................ 7

Engineering Dept.
Operations.
JOB NO
DRAWING NO.
IHI Corporation
07902-TS-200-205
REV.
B
FORM
2 7
E399-008
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1
Purpose of Monitoring
Purpose of the monitoring of foundation is to verify the structural stability and to take
corrective action when excessive settlement will be occurred. The needs for monitoring is
specified in NFPA 59A.
1.2
Scope
This document specifies the requirements for the monitoring system to measure the
settlement and gradient of the tank foundation for each tank during construction and
hydrostatic test and operation.
1.3
Reference Documents
-NFPA 59A Standard for the Production, Storage, and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas
(LNG) 2001 Edition
- Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Draft Seismic Design Guidelines and Data
Submittal Requirements for LNG Facilities

Engineering Dept.
Operations.
JOB NO
DRAWING NO.
IHI Corporation
07902-TS-200-205
REV.
B
FORM
3 7
E399-008
2.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENT

2.1
Survey / Reference Points

A minimum of 8 measuring anchors (to be used as survey / reference points) shall be
installed at equally spaced locations around the outer top edge of the base slab. Figure 2-1
show the plan of arrangement of location for measuring anchor.
2.2
Tilting of the Base Slab

The differential settlements and tilting of the base slab will be monitored and recorded by
using horizontal inclinometer. Casing embedded along two perpendicular lines in the base
slab. The inclinometer sensor will be furnished complete with control and pull cables plus the
storage reels. Figure 2-2 show the plan of arrangement of location for horizontal inclinometer
casing.
2.3
During the construction, settlement of the base will be monitored after completion of base
slab as initial value. During the hydrostatic test, settlements and base slab tilting will be
monitored at appropriate interval.
Fig.2-1 Plan - Arrangement of Measuring Anchor

Engineering Dept.
Operations.
JOB NO
DRAWING NO.
IHI Corporation
07902-TS-200-205
REV.
B
FORM
4 7
E399-008
Fig.2-2 Plan - Arrangement of Horizontal Inclinometer

Engineering Dept.
Operations.
JOB NO
DRAWING NO.
IHI Corporation
07902-TS-200-205
REV.
B
FORM
5 7
E399-008
3.0 OPERATION OF MONITORING

3.1
A fixed point will be established as a benchmark in advance, and shall be located so that it
will not be affected by the foundation settlement. The construction benchmarks established
for this projects construction can be used as a fixed reference point. After pouring the
concrete for the tank foundation, the measuring anchors will be installed, and an initial set of
data will be immediately measured and recorded. Each measurement is conducted using a
level during the construction stage and the hydrostatic test and operating stage.
3.2
Tilt of Foundation
The center of the tank foundation will also be monitored using proper equipments typically
an inclinometer. A survey will be performed immediately following the completion of the slab
concrete work, and just before the start of the hydrostatic test. During hydrostatic testing
operations, the center of the slab will be monitored with the same frequency as established
for the periphery monitoring.
3.3
Criteria of Differential Settlement

Table 3-1 provides the differential settlement limits.
Table 3-1 Differential Settlement Limits
Type of settlement
Differential settlement limit
Planar tilt angle of the tank foundation
< 0.002 radian
Tank floor settlement along a radial line from

the tank center
Any 2 points on the tank circumference (not
to exceed the tank settlement)
1:300
1:500
Source : Section 7.4.1 Draft Seismic Design Guidelines and Data Submittal Requirements for LNG Facilities.

Engineering Dept.
Operations.
JOB NO
DRAWING NO.
IHI Corporation
07902-TS-200-205
REV.
B
FORM
6 7
E399-008
4.0 FREQUENCY OF MONITORING

Frequency of monitoring is tabulated below.
Table 4-1 Frequency of Monitoring
Method of
Measurement
Location
Frequency
During
construction
Criteria
Weekly
(1) Just before water filling

Settlement
Monitoring
Perimeter of
bottom slab
During
Hydro-testing
(2) At increments of 16.0 ft liquid

level during filling
Table3-1
(3) After empting of the tank

During
operation
Yearly
During
construction
After completion of Base slab

(1) Just before water filling
Tilt of
Foundation
Center of
bottom slab
During
Hydro-testing
(2) At increments of 16.0 ft liquid

level during filling
Table3-1
(3) After empting of the tank

During
operation

Engineering Dept.
Operations.
Yearly
JOB NO
DRAWING NO.
IHI Corporation
07902-TS-200-205
REV.
B
FORM
7 7
E399-008
Oregon LNG
Warrenton, Oregon
Public Appendices
Job No. 07902
Resource Report 13
18 CFR 380.12(o)
Appendix L.5
M L (A)
21NOV07
NO.
DATE
CAUTION
CONFIDENTIAL AND
PROPRIETARY
INFORMATION OF IHI
CORPORATION.
THE DOCUMENT ALWAYS
CONSENT OF IHI FOR
MEANS,
THIRD PARTY,OR
Issued for Approval

DESCRIPTION
MT
PREPD
CHECKED
APPROVED
CH-IV INTERNATIONAL
ALLOY VERIFICATION PROCEDURE
JOB NO.
Tank Project Dept.

TEL 036204-7607
TE2573-0 A4
DRAWING NO.
07902-TS-200-202/ S4000-3315
8.5
IHI Corporation
REV.
A
FORM
1 8
E399-6A
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0
Scope ............................................................................................................................... 3
2.0
Reference Documents.................................................................................................... 3
3.0
Instruments and Method ................................................................................................ 3

3.1
Verification Procedure ................................................................................................. 3
3.2
Instruments and Method.............................................................................................. 3
4.0
Extent of Verification...................................................................................................... 4
5.0
Terminology .................................................................................................................... 5
6.0
Acceptance Criteria ........................................................................................................ 5
7.0
Rejection Criteria ............................................................................................................ 5
8.0
Personnel ........................................................................................................................ 6
9.0
Marking ............................................................................................................................ 6
10.0
Surface Treatment .......................................................................................................... 6
11.0
Record ............................................................................................................................. 7
JOB NO
Tank Project Dept.

DRAWING NO.
REV.
07902-TS-200-202 / S4000-3315
IHI Corporation
FORM
2 8
E399-008
1.0
Scope
This document specifies the basic requirements for carrying out the Positive Alloyed Material
Identification (PAMI) for equipment and piping material for determining the nominal
composition of the mechanical components.
The extent of the parts to be checked, sampling requirements, approved testing methods,
acceptance/rejection criteria, and marking requirements is also covered in this document.
2.0
Reference Documents
ASME Section II (2004 Edition),
Part A, Ferrous Materials
Part B, Non-Ferrous Materials
Part C, Welding rods, Electrodes and Filler Materials
ASTM Standard Test Methods
A751 Chemical Analysis of steel products
E353 Chem. Analysis of Stainless, Heat-Resisting, Mar aging and other Similar
Chromium-Nickel-Iron alloys.
E354 Chemical Analysis of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic and similar Iron,
Nickel and Cobalt Alloys.
3.0
Instruments and Method
3.1 Verification Procedure

(a) The components of 9%Ni steel shall be checked by metascope, handy type X-Ray
fluorescence alloy analyzer or equivalent appropriate analyzer. The X-ray emission
analysis with calibrated portable instrument shall be used. The applicable equipment shall
be demonstrated and operation procedure, sample removal (as applicable), identification
and traceability to original material shall be submitted for approval.
(b) An alternative chemical analysis for the above analytical method (as per ASTM A751,
E353, E354) shall be used to establish conformance to the original material specification.
3.2 Instruments and Method
(a) Calibrated portable Instrument:
TEXAS NUCLEAR 9266, TEXAS NUCLEAR 9277, PRINCETON GAMMA 840,
PRINCETON GAMMA TECH 880 or PITCHFORD PORTA SPEC.ANALYSER 4000
(b) After fabrication or where X-ray device is not possible, metascope may be utilized for
PAMI. The selection of instrument to be used for PAMI shall take into the account, material
type/ thickness/hardness requirements and surface finishes.
(c)
Spectroscopic analysis by recognized ASTM or approved equivalent method.
JOB NO
Tank Project Dept.

DRAWING NO.
REV.
07902-TS-200-202 / S4000-3315
IHI Corporation
FORM
3 8
E399-008
(d) As an alternative to the methods specified above, a chemical analysis, as outlined in

ASTM A751, ASTM E353, and ASTM E354, shall be used to establish conformance to the
original material specification.
(e) Alternate analytical methods or instrument other than those listed above shall be utilized
with the prior review and approval of the Company.
4.0
Extent of Verification
a) Alloy verification of all alloy (9% Ni or 304 SS) primary components as defined by API 620,
the secondary containment, welds, and any components in cryogenic service is required.
b) Requirement of PAMI:
(1) Pressure containing materials / mechanical components in critical services shall undergo
100% PAMI unless otherwise specified.
(2) Pressure containing and non-pressure containing components shall meet the requirement
specified in Table I "Extent of PAMI".
c) Alloy elements covered in the Identification includes Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Columbium
or Niobium (Cb or Nb), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Molybdenum (Mo), Nickel (Ni), Titanium (Ti)
and Vanadium (V)
d) PAMI may be performed by the mill material manufacturer, fabricator, supplier (or mill
stockist) or by authorized third-party representative. The implementation and the conduct of
the PAMI will be in accordance with this document.
e) The test method will be used only to identify the nominal composition of alloy materials and
not for conforming a material to a particular alloy specification. PAMI of the weld material
(weldment) and base metal shall be performed in the same method.
f)
PAMI shall be performed to ensure that proper materials have been used in the fabrication at
the suppliers shop or at the project site for field welds and for field-assembled item not
previously positively identified.
g) The mill test reports listing chemical composition shall neither be a substitute for PAMI nor be
considered as a conforming alloy verification.
h) One electrode or wire sample from each lot shall be positively identified for shop/site
fabricated piping. As an alternative the PAMI of undiluted weld metals in button welds shall be
carried out immediately prior to welding. The color coding and identification of
wires/electrodes shall be compared with the sample. Dissimilar weld deposits actually made
at shop & site shall be done.
i)
Mill stockist materials shall apply 100% PAMI except for the bolting components.
j)
PAMI verification of base metal composition shall be performed for auto generous welded
pipe and fittings only on base metal composition.
JOB NO
Tank Project Dept.

DRAWING NO.
REV.
07902-TS-200-202 / S4000-3315
IHI Corporation
FORM
4 8
E399-008
5.0
Terminology
Alloy Material Any measurable quantity alloying materials other than carbon, manganese,
silicon and niobium or vanadium. Steels with carbon only up to 2% are not considered as
alloy steels and silicon and manganese are limited to 0.60 and 1.65 % respectively.
Mill Material Manufacturer An organization that performs or supervises and directly controls
one or more of the operations that affect the chemical composition of an alloy material
Pressure containing component The component, which lies within the limits of pressure
containing equipments.
Non-pressure containing component - The component, which does not lies within the limits of
pressure containing equipments and therefore do not affect the pressure retaining capacity in
any way.
6.0
Acceptance Criteria
Items
Standards Specified
Ferrous materials
Same as materials chemical composition specified in the ASME Section

IIA
Non-Ferrous material
Same as materials chemical composition specified in the ASME Section

IIB (or equivalent ASTM specification for Non-ferrous materials.
Welding consumables
10% of the amount of each alloying element specified in ASME IIC.
For casings
within 10% of the minimum and maximum values permitted by ASTM

Material specification
For deposited weld metals within 12.5% of the ranges allowed by ASME Section IIC for each
or undiluted weld metal element.
deposits
7.0
Rejection Criteria
a) In case of any materials were found outside the acceptable range, a referee method shall be
referred by the material specification shall be used. Otherwise an appropriate chemical
analysis method specified as per standard shall be used and the analysis results shall be
considered.
b) In case of failure of PAMI in material component or weld all other represented materials,
components and welds, the following decision will be taken
(1) Materials, Components and welds representing the rejected sample shall be scrapped and
replaced by new materials.
(2) 100% PAMI will be conducted on the represented materials and items failing the PAMI
tests will be replaced.
c) If a filler metal lot is found to be unacceptable, the next lot or lots from the same supplier shall
be 100% examined. If both the lot or the successive lots are acceptable, the sampling
percentage as in section 4 shall be followed.
d) The rejected items shall be quarantined and properly identified to prevent their unauthorized
use or removal.
JOB NO
Tank Project Dept.

DRAWING NO.
REV.
07902-TS-200-202 / S4000-3315
IHI Corporation
FORM
5 8
E399-008
8.0
Personnel
PAMI performed by supplier or a third party agency shall be certified by the fabricator or
supplier (mill stockist) that all the PAMI tests have been performed by qualified personnel in
accordance with the approved procedure.
The personnel performing PAMI shall be competent in performing verification method to be
used, and also familiar with the requirements/ period during when verification will be
conducted of this specification along with the method of marking the verified materials.
9.0
Marking
Acceptable components and material shall be marked "AV".
The items, covered by percentage verification (same batch), but have not been tested, shall
be marked with the letters AV-B.
All components of an approved heat/lot shall be stamped "AV" or "AV-B", as appropriate at
the time of testing.
The method of marking shall be by low-stress stamp stencil or vibro-etching,
The marking shall be placed as follows.
a) Pipe - Two marks, 180 degrees apart, 75mm (3 in.) from each end of each length on the
outer surface of the pipe.
b) Welds - Adjacent to the welder's mark on the weld.
c) Fittings and Forgings - Adjacent to the supplier's markings.
d) Valves - Adjacent to the supplier's markings on bodies and other pressure parts.
e) Plates - Adjacent to the heat / lot numbers.
f) Castings - Adjacent to the supplier's markings and heat / lot numbers.
g) Bolting - On one end.
h) Nuts - On one flat.
If the material or item is too light, too small, or cannot otherwise be stamped, vibro-etching or
color coding shall be applied in conjunction with supplier's standards and noted on the alloy
verification reports.
When heat treating is performed after material verification, the identification marking must be
recognizable after the heat treatments.
Materials that are found unacceptable and pending the resolution shall be marked with a
circled red cross (
).
10.0
Surface Treatment
After PAMI the tested (intended) surface shall be smoothly finished by grinding or by filling
with emery paper or with smooth files.
JOB NO
Tank Project Dept.

DRAWING NO.
REV.
07902-TS-200-202 / S4000-3315
IHI Corporation
FORM
6 8
E399-008
11.0
Record
Results of examinations shall be recorded on examiners report forms, which shall, as a
minimum, indicate for each lot examined:
Name and Address of Manufacturer
P.O./Contractor Number
Item Number and Name of the Fabricated Equipment and Piping
Location where the test was taken
Date of Examination
Name and Signature of Examiner
Description of Method/Instrument Number used in the analysis
Result of all examinations
Type of alloy examined per location
Conclusion (i.e. Accept or Reject)
Mill certificate/Heat Number
Lot size as per/ASTM Materials standard
Number of places, items examined
Description of Material Marking
JOB NO
Tank Project Dept.

DRAWING NO.
REV.
07902-TS-200-202 / S4000-3315
IHI Corporation
FORM
7 8
E399-008
Table I Extent of PAMI

Item
LNG Tank
Piping system
after assembly
Pressure
containing
alloy
components
Non-pressure
containing
alloy
components
Fabrication at Vendor's shop
Site fabrication and Erection
Remarks
9% Ni plate and their

attachment
100%
100% (Note (1))
Welds
10% of all welds
10% of all welds
Pipe, flanges, fittings,

forgings
5% of each heat / lot (Note (2))
Welds
10% of all welds
10% of all welds
Pipe, flanges, fittings,

forgings
Minimum 4 pcs.
Minimum 4 pcs.
Valve body and

bonnet
10% of each heat / lot
Alloy body and bonnet

valves shall be alloy
verified.
Minimum 5 pcs.
Bolts, studs, nuts
1% of each alloy heat / lot (Note

(3))
Minimum 4 pcs.
Weld consumables
One electrode or wire sample from

each lot of weld rod.
One electrode or wire sample

from each lot of weld rod.
Bolts, studs, nuts
1% of each alloy heat / lot (Note

(3))
Piping Bulk
Components
Note: (1) Alloy component which has been alloy verified in the Supplier's shop need not be re-verified in the field.
made to modify prefabricated assemblies, shall be alloy verified.
However, any additional materials, and welds
(2) Component parts that can not be identified as originating from an approved heat/lot shall be 100% virified.
(3) A193 B7(M) and A320 L7(M) exempted from PAMI requirement.
JOB NO
Tank Project Dept.

DRAWING NO.
REV.
07902-TS-200-202 / S4000-3315
IHI Corporation
FORM
8 8
E399-008
Minimum 4 pcs.
Oregon LNG
Warrenton, Oregon
Public Appendices
Job No. 07902
Resource Report 13
18 CFR 380.12(o)
Appendix L.9
Oregon LNG
Warrenton, OR
LNG Storage Tank Rollover Assessment
Job No. 07902

Doc No. 07902-TS-200-206 Rev 0
Page 1 of 8
By
H
H C H
H
REV NUMBER:
ISSUE PURPOSE:
DATE:
BY:
CHECKED:
APPROVED:
CHIV International
0
Draft for
Client
Review
6/3/08
MS
MHD
RCT
1
Bi-Directional
Facility
8-1-12
MS
AAR
AAR
Oregon LNG
Warrenton, OR
Section
Job No. 07902

Doc No. 07902-TS-200-206 Rev 0
Page 2 of 8
Page
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 3
INDUSTRY GUIDELINES ...................................................................................... 4
MONITORING, PREVENTION AND MITIGATION OF STRATIFICATION

AND ROLLOVER .................................................................................................... 5
3.1
Monitoring for Stratification ..................................................................................... 5
3.2
Prevention of Stratification ........................................................................................ 6
3.3
Mitigation of Rollover ................................................................................................ 7
Oregon LNG
Warrenton, OR
Job No. 07902

Doc No. 07902-TS-200-206 Rev 0
Page 3 of 8
INTRODUCTION
Rollover is a phenomenon that can result in a rapid pressurization of an LNG storage tank,
caused by heat leak into a tank containing two layers of LNG with differing densities.
To illustrate the concept of rollover, first consider the condition of a well-mixed,
homogenous LNG storage tank, as shown in Figure 1. In this homogenous tank, the
convective flow driven by heat leak into the LNG creates a natural circulation. The warm
fluid moves up the tank walls and across the liquid surface where excess heat is released to
generate boiloff gas. This evaporation of LNG reduces the liquid temperature, and the
cooler liquid then drifts downward completing the cycle.
Normal Rate of
Boiloff Gas Generation
Reduced Rate of
Rapid Rate of
Evaporation
Evaporation
Rapid Flashing
Lighter
Convection
Cell
Layer
Rapid Mixing
of Two Layers
Convection
Cell
Heavier
Homogenous LNG
Layer
Stratified LNG
Tank Experiencing Rollover
Figure 1: Comparison of Homogenous and Stratified LNG Storage Tanks
In the stratified tank shown in Figure 1, the less dense upper layer convects normally and
releases heat by flashing boiloff into the tank vapor space. The convective boundary in the
dense lower layer, however, is unable to penetrate the upper layer and it forms its own
convection pattern. Heat leak into the lower layer cannot be removed by surface
evaporation, so the thermal energy is trapped. As the temperature of the lower layer
increases, its density decreases.
When both layers achieve virtually the same density at the interface, there is a near
immediate, very rapid mixing and release of the postponed boiloff, resulting in a rollover.
There is not actually a flip-flop of the LNG layers as the name infers; however, the speed at
which the heat transfer occurs can cause substantial turbulence in the tank. Rollovers can be
Oregon LNG
Warrenton, OR
Job No. 07902

Doc No. 07902-TS-200-206 Rev 0
Page 4 of 8
relatively small and insignificant to the vapor handling system or they can evolve
tremendous quantities of boiloff gas in a very short period of time.
There has only been one significant rollover recorded at an operating LNG facility. This
occurred at the La Spezia, Italy facility in 1971. The LNG carrier Esso Brega had been in
the harbor for about a month before unloading its load of heavy LNG into the storage tank.
Eighteen hours after the tank was filled, the tank developed a sudden increase in pressure
causing LNG vapor to discharge from the tank safety valves and vents over a period of a few
hours. The roof of the tank was also slightly damaged. It is estimated that about 100
mmscf1 of LNG vapor flowed out of the tank. No ignition took place.
Stratification does not occur in an LNG tank filled with a homogeneous liquid. However,
the introduction of LNG with a different density into a partially filled LNG tank can lead to
the temporary formation of stratified layers. Further, stratification may occur over long
periods of time in an idle tank. The rollover phenomenon can be of sufficient consequence
to the operator and owner of the LNG facility to warrant serious consideration on the
methods of detection, prevention, and mitigation. There are a variety of techniques and
equipment to accomplish these objectives. This assessment will discuss the techniques and
equipment used at the Oregon LNG terminal.
INDUSTRY GUIDELINES
Stratification and rollover prevention requirements have been addressed in industry codes
and standards such as NFPA 59A and BS EN 1473.
Section 6.8.1 of BS EN 1473 (1997) states the following requirements for anti-rollover
devices:
In order to avoid rollover at least the following measures shall be taken :
filling systems as defined in 6.9.2;
a recirculation system;
monitor boil off rate;
temperature/density measurements throughout LNG depth.
Other preventive measures can be used, such as:
avoiding storing significantly different qualities of LNG in the same tank,
appropriate filling procedure considering the respective densities of the LNG;
nitrogen content of LNG at filling below 1 mol %.
Million standard cubic feet
Oregon LNG
Warrenton, OR
Job No. 07902

Doc No. 07902-TS-200-206 Rev 0
Page 5 of 8
These measures lead to the practical elimination of stratification of LNG.

Section 6.9.2 of BS EN 1473 (1997) states the filling system piping requirements:
Filling shall be able to be carried out, as a function of the LNG quality, either from the
roof or at the lower part by a line going to the bottom of the tank. For the bottom
filling, at least one of the following features shall be provided (except for tanks used for
peak shaving):
jet nozzles placed at the bottom of the tank and oriented toward the surface;
a vertical pipe perforated for part or for all of its length;
a jet breaker, located at the extremity of a pipe for spray filling.
Section 4.1.2.4 of NFPA 59A (2001) states the filling requirements:

All LNG containers shall be designed to accommodate both top and bottom filling
unless other positive means are provided to prevent stratification. (See 11.3.7)
Section 11.3.7 of NFPA 59A (2001) states the product transfer requirements:
Where making bulk transfers into stationary storage containers, the LNG being
transferred shall meet either of the following requirements:
(a) The LNG shall be compatible in composition or temperature and density with
the LNG already in the container.
(b) Where the composition or temperature and density are not compatible, means
shall be taken to prevent stratification, which might result in rollover and an
excessive rate of vapor evolution. If a mixing nozzle or agitation system is
provided, it shall be designed to have sufficient energy to accomplish its purpose.
MONITORING, PREVENTION AND MITIGATION OF STRATIFICATION

AND ROLLOVER
3.1
Monitoring for Stratification

In order to monitor the LNG tanks for stratification, a combined Level, Temperature
and Density (LTD) gauge shall be provided to continuously measure level,
temperature and density of liquid stored in each LNG tank. The LTD will be capable
of monitoring the density at any given level and shall also monitor the level and
temperature at any given density measurement point.
The LTD is used to monitor for the onset of product stratification which can lead to
rollover. The specification for the LTD gauge is listed in Typical Specification for
Oregon LNG
Warrenton, OR
Job No. 07902

Doc No. 07902-TS-200-206 Rev 0
Page 6 of 8
Level/Temperature/Density Monitoring, Liquid Level Gauging and Overfill

Protection System, Document No. 07902-TS-200-204/S7721-9001.
A PC based system shall be provided as data acquisition system to collect and
manage the data measured by the LTD gauge and shall be provided with hardware
and software to permit data transfer to the plant control system by means of serial
communication. Provisions for such unit have been made for the Oregon LNG plant
as is documented in the plants Control System Block Diagram, Drawing No. 07902DG-700-001.
The operator will also monitor tank pressure and the run cycles for the boiloff gas
compressor and determine if the rate is unexpectedly low for the given plant
operating mode. Additionally, pitot flow meters (FE-201*2) are installed on the
boiloff gas lines (NG-201*-24-01SS-7.5CC) of each LNG tank for boiloff gas flow
measurements. Refer to P&IDs 07902-PI-200-104, 105 and 106.
3.2
Prevention of Stratification
Avoiding stratification is a priority for LNG terminals. Accordingly, standard
terminal operating procedures will be provided to prevent stratification. These
procedures will be part of the operating procedures manual.
Per procedures, operators will:
Analyze the composition and density of incoming LNG and compare it to the
contents in the on-shore tanks; based on this comparison, operators will decide
which on-shore tank(s) will receive the incoming LNG, and whether the
incoming LNG will be added to the tank via the top-fill or bottom-fill lines.
Monitor the tank density profiles to determine whether conditions leading to

stratification are occurring.
Take action as necessary to prevent stratification, such as circulating liquid from

the bottom to the top of a tank, or transferring LNG selectively from the bottom
of one tank to the bottom or top of adjacent storage tank(s).
Accordingly, the following provisions are made at the terminal:
The terminal is provided with an LNG sample point, SL-200, on the LNG
transfer line from the marine facility (as shown on P&ID 07902-PI-200-104).
This allows the operators to monitor the composition of LNG being unloaded at
the terminal. In addition, the terminal is provided with LNG sample points, SL230*, on each in-tank pump discharge header (as shown on P&ID 07902-PI-
Indicates FE-201A, B and C
Oregon LNG
Warrenton, OR
Job No. 07902

Doc No. 07902-TS-200-206 Rev 0
Page 7 of 8
200-104, 105 and 106). These sample points allow the operators to monitor the
composition of the LNG pumped out of each tank.
The LNG tanks are equipped with both top and bottom-fill lines, as shown in
P&IDs 07902-PI-200-107-01, 02 and 03. Top filling will be used when
introducing LNG with higher density than the liquid in the tank. Bottom filling
will be used when introducing LNG with lower density than the liquid in the
tank.
The vertical bottom-fill column is slotted on its bottom end with slots arranged
to disperse the bottom-fill LNG toward the center of the tank.
The LNG tanks are equipped with equipment to monitor for stratification and
reduction of boiloff gas flow, as described above in Section 3.1.
If instrumentation indicates that stratification may be incipient or occurring, the

liquid in the bottom of the tank can be circulated to the top or bottom of the tank
using the in-tank LNG pumps (P-202*). To accomplish this, the HV-221* and
HV-230* valves are closed, and the in-tank pump discharge is routed to the tank
fill line through valve HV-222*. Refer to P&IDs 07902-PI-200-104, 105 and
106.
LNG can also be transferred from bottom of one tank to the top or bottom-fill
line of a different tank. To accomplish this, the HV-222* valve in the pumping
tank is opened, allowing LNG to enter the tank fill line; and the top and bottom
fill line valves are closed, forcing LNG into the LNG-200-36 unloading line
through the open HV-221* valve. Once in the LNG-200-36 line, the LNG can
be routed to the top or bottom-fill line of the other tanks. Refer to P&IDs
07902-PI-200-104, 105 and 106.
As noted in EN1473, nitrogen concentrations on the order of 1 mole% or higher in

LNG at filling may also lead to stratification. Per the Oregon LNG Design Basis
(Doc No. 07902-TS-000-002), the range of nitrogen content expected to be received
at the Oregon LNG terminal is between 0.54 mole% and 0.30 mole% and is not
expected to reach 1 mole%, thus reducing the likelihood of stratification resulting
from high nitrogen concentration in the incoming LNG.
3.3
Mitigation of Rollover
In addition to all above considerations, the tank pressure relief valves are sized in
accordance with NFPA 59A (2001 Edition, section 4.7.3.2):
The minimum pressure relieving capacity in pound per hour (Kilograms per
hour) shall not be less than 3 percent of the full tank contents in 24 hours.
Oregon LNG
Warrenton, OR
Job No. 07902

Doc No. 07902-TS-200-206 Rev 0
Page 8 of 8
Based on the tank contractors previous calculations, this capacity is almost identical
(less than 1 % difference) to the vapor flow rate during a theoretical rollover
scenario.
In addition to the pressure relief valves, pressure in each LNG tank can be controlled
using a remotely operated discretionary vent provided in the design for each tank
(refer to P&IDs 07902-PI-200-107-01, 02 and 03, Note 10). Further, the terminal is
equipped with Discretionary Flare Stack L-210 (see P&ID 07902-PI-200-113) to
which the BOG3 Header is connected through PIC-290; this pressure control valve
opens on high pressure in the BOG system and discharges BOG to the stack.
Boiloff Gas
Oregon LNG
Warrenton, Oregon
Public Appendices
Job No. 07902
Resource Report 13
18 CFR 380.12(o)
Appendix L.11
LNG STORAGE TANK BERM CAPACITY

FOR THE OREGON LNG TERMINAL
~ Calculation ~
Prepared for ~
Prepared by ~
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LNG
LNG
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CHIV International
Baltimore Office
1341A Ashton Road
Hanover, MD 21076
410-691-9640
Houston Office
1221 McKinney, Suite 3325
Houston, TX 77010
713-964-6775
CHIV International Document: 07902-CA-000-001 Rev 2

Issued April 30, 2012
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LNG Storage Tank Berm Capacity
for the Oregon LNG Terminal
Table of Contents
Section
Page
Purpose
Approach
Calculation
3.1
Available Containment within Berm
3.2
Volume of Spilled LNG
Conclusion
References
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List of Figures
Figure
Page
Figure 1: LNG Storage Tank Berm Plan View (Reference 1) ...................................................2

Figure 2: LNG Storage Tank Berm - Sectional View (Reference 2) ............................................2
Figure 3: LNG Storage Tank Berm - Area Approximation ..........................................................3
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List of Tables
Table
Page
Table 1: Calculation Summary.....................................................................................................5
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PURPOSE
The purpose of this calculation is to verify that the berm surrounding the LNG storage tanks
designed for the Oregon LNG Terminal will contain the contents of a full LNG storage tank
in the highly unlikely event that it fails.
APPROACH
The following steps were taken to perform this evaluation:
1. The area surrounded by the berm wall, the sloped portion of the berm, and the area
occupied by one of the two LNG tanks were calculated.
2. The net volume available to contain the contents from a single, full LNG storage tank was
obtained by subtracting the volume occupied by the un-failed LNG tank within the
berm from the gross available volume. For simplicity and conservatism purposes, no
credit was taken for the open space partially filled with the concrete pedestals below the
tank base mats or the Tank Area Spill Containment Basin (S-606).
3. In order to verify that the net volume available within the berm wall is sufficient to
contain the potential LNG spill from a full LNG tank, the maximum volume of the LNG
inside a tank was calculated using the inside diameter of the inner shell at operating
temperature and the design maximum LNG level.
4. Ultimately, the volume required to contain an LNG spill from a full LNG tank was
compared to the net volume available inside the berm wall.
07902-CA-000-001 Rev 2
Page 1 of 5
April 30, 2012
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3
CALCULATION
3.1
Available Containment within Berm
Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the dimensions of the LNG storage tank berm.
550 ft
580 ft
480 ft
ft
27
290 ft
990 ft
Figure 1: LNG Storage Tank Berm Plan View (Reference 1)

3:1
El. 22.0 ft
El. 9.5 ft
SECTIONAL VIEW
Figure 2: LNG Storage Tank Berm - Sectional View (Reference 2)
The total bermed area is an irregular shape. To estimate this area at the base elevation, the
area is approximated using the AutoCAD LT Area calculation from the plot plan drawing
07902-CA-000-001 Rev 2
Page 2 of 5
April 30, 2012
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(Reference 1). The area measured at base elevation is outlined in red in Figure 3 and is
estimated to be 505,000 ft2. The total area available to contain LNG is calculated from the
total bermed area less the area of one LNG storage tank (i.e., the intact tank,
diameter=269 ft, Reference 3).
Atank= *(270 ft / 2)2= 57,000 ft
Ainternal = 505,000 ft2 57,000 ft2 = 448,000 ft2
Figure 3: LNG Storage Tank Berm - Area Approximation
The available volume to contain LNG is calculated by multiplying the available area by the
change in elevation of the berm wall. As shown in Figure 2, the base elevation around the
tanks is 9.5 ft (Reference 2). For conservatism, the 2% grade away from the tanks is not
07902-CA-000-001 Rev 2
Page 3 of 5
April 30, 2012
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considered. The total internal volume inside the berm (Vberm) equals the area within the
berm multiplied by the total height of the berm, 12.5 ft (22.0 ft elevation 9.5 ft elevation):
Vinternal = 448,000 ft2 12.5 ft = 5,600,000 ft3
The inclined wall of the berm (between el. +9.5 ft and el. +22 ft) is additional space for the
LNG to be contained. The volume of the sloped portion of the berm is calculated by
multiplying the cross-sectional area of the sloped berm by the perimeter of the berm. As
shown in Figure 2, the berm has a height of 12.5 ft and a slope of 3:1, meaning the length is
37.5 ft. The cross-sectional area of the sloped berm can be calculated as a triangle:
Across = (1/2) 37.5 ft 12.5 ft = 234 ft2
The internal perimeter of the berm, shown in red in Figure 3, is calculated to be 3,000 feet
using the AutoCAD LT Measurement calculation from the plot plan drawing (Reference 1).
Therefore, the total available volume of the sloped berm equals the cross-sectional area
multiplied by the total berm perimeter.
Vslope = 234 ft2 3000 ft = 700,000 ft3
The total volume available to contain an LNG spill is the volume internal to the berm plus
the volume contained in the sloped portion of the berm:
Vtotal = 5,600,000 ft3 + 700,000 ft3= 6,300,000 ft3
3.2
Volume of Spilled LNG
The volume of LNG that may spill into the bermed area occupies a volume equal to the area
of the inner shell of the storage tank (diameter = 256 ft, Reference 4) multiplied by the
maximum design level of LNG in the tank (118.63 ft, Reference 4).
Vspill = (3.14 (256)2/4 119) = 6,100,000 ft3
07902-CA-000-001 Rev 2
Page 4 of 5
April 30, 2012
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Table 1: Calculation Summary
Input Parameters
Berm Area, at base elevation
Berm Perimeter, at base elevation
Tank Outer Diameter
Tank Diameter, inside of inner shell at operating T
Design Max. LNG Level
Height of Berm Wall
Unit
ft2
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
Value
Calculated Parameters
Volume contained by berm wall Less Volume of one tank
Max. Volume occupied by spilled LNG
Unit
ft^ 3
ft^ 3
Value
6,300,000
6,100,000
505,000
3,000
269
256
119
12.5
Reference Dwg./Doc.
07902-DG-000-01, Rev. I
07902-DG-000-01, Rev. I
07902-DG-200-230, Rev. B
07902-DG-200-201, Rev. F
07902-DG-200-201, Rev. F
Amn05c142_355036.dgn
CONCLUSION
The net volume available within the berm (6.3 x 106 ft3) is greater than the volume required
to contain an LNG spill resulting from the unlikely failure of a single, full LNG storage tank
(6.1 x 106 ft3).
For simplicity and conservatism purposes, no credit was taken for:
the open space partially filled with the concrete pedestals below the tank base mats,
the volume of the Tank Area Spill Containment Basin (S-606), or
the 2% decrease in ground elevation away from the base of the tanks towards the
berm.
These volumes provide additional margin with which an LNG spill could be contained.
REFERENCES
1. Drawing 07902-DG-000-01, Revision I dated 4/6/2012, "Preliminary Layout 9.0 MTPA
Liquefaction."
2. Drawing Amn05c146_355036.
3. Document 07902-DG-200-230, Revision B, Arrangement of Outer Concrete Tank of
LNG Storage Tank.
4. Document 07902-DG-200-201/D4100-2101, Rev. F,
160,000 m3 - Full Containment of LNG Storage Tank."
07902-CA-000-001 Rev 2
Page 5 of 5
"General
Arrangement
of
April 30, 2012

Appendix 13L-Storage Tanks

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Oregon LNG

Job No. 07902

Oregon LNG, LLC

Job No. 07902

LNG STORAGE TANK AND FOUNDATION

Oregon LNG, LLC

1.1 Scope of Requirements

1.2 Technical Requirements

1.3 Codes and Industry Standards

Job No. 07902

2.2 Concrete Outer Tank Design

2.3 Component Design

3.1 Materials Requirements

3.2 Fabrication and Inspection - Steel Components

3.3 Insulation Systems

ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS

4.2 External Piping

4.3 Pressure and Vacuum Relief Systems

5.1 Hydrostatic/Pneumatic Testing

Oregon LNG, LLC

Job No. 07902

Oregon LNG, LLC

Job No. 07902

Oregon LNG, LLC

Job No. 07902

8. In-tank pump columns including pump lifting mechanisms, cables (including

Codes and Industry Standards

American Petroleum Institute (API)

Oregon LNG, LLC

Job No. 07902

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals

Section VIII, Div. 1

Pressure Vessels, as applicable

Welding and Brazing Procedures, Welders,

ASME B31.3 with year 2006 Addenda, Process Piping.

American Concrete Institute (ACI)

American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)

American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Oregon LNG, LLC

Job No. 07902

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

Perlite Institute (PI)

Federation Internationale De La Precontrainte (FIP)

Oregon LNG, LLC

Job No. 07902

A 9% nickel steel open top inner container;

A pre-stressed concrete outer container wall;

A reinforced concrete dome roof;

A reinforced concrete outer container bottom;

A friction pendulum isolation system;

A secondary tank bottom on a pile cap foundation; and

An insulated aluminum deck over the inner container suspended from

Oregon LNG, LLC

Job No. 07902

Hydrotest of the inner tank to a height based on the hydrotest pressure

Oregon LNG, LLC

Job No. 07902

Normal operation of the tank containing LNG at maximum design

Wind Loads on Outer Tank

Oregon LNG, LLC

Job No. 07902

Load Conditions and Combinations