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Disadvantages
Design of Ground electrode with low resistance and
high cost of O&M
Proper siting of ground electrodes
Screening of Ground electrode to cause negligible
electrolytic corrosion of buried metallic structures
Step & tough voltages within the vicinity of electrodes
Interference with the operation of other services
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Electrical Resistivity
(Type of soil/ grain size/ chemical composition/ temperature)
Moisture
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Potential Gradient:
I x
Volts/metre
E 2
2
x h
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Star Electrode
Workshop on Power system Grounding Practices, August 2012, PRDC, Bangalore
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CASE STUDY:
NATIONAL HVDC PROJECT GROUND
ELECTRODE DESIGN
COMMISSIONED: 1989
OBJECTIVES:
EMPHASIS ON R&D
DEVELOP KNOW-HOW FOR DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION
OF HARDWARE
INDIGENOUS DEVELOPMENT OF CONTROL SYSTEM
EXPERTISE IN INSTALLATION , COMMISSIONING &
OPERATION
CONTINUOUS GROUND CURRENT OPERATION
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Unit
Value
Surface Resistivity
-m
85
-m
50
Apparent resistivity
-m
125
W/m 0C
1.28
J/m 3 0C
3.5 x 106
0C
35
Maximum electrode
temperature
0C
< 100
Design criteria
Anode or cathode
Courtesy: BHEL
Results
Data
Unit
Value
Permissible resistance
0.115
Design resistance
0.086
V/m
7.55
V/m
7.41
Days
59.5
A/m 2
0.424
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Case study:
Leakage currents in Talcher-Kolar HVDC
Mono polar operation
Talcher Kolar HVDC Transmission
Rating
2000 MW
Voltage/ Current
Overload current
2250 A
6 V/m
Resistance to ground
< 0.3
Touch voltage
< 40 V
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10
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11
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12
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13