K THUT KHOAN DU KH

COPYRIGHT 2001, NExT. All Rights Reserved

MT S THNG TIN C NHN

H v Tn: Trn Xun o
Nm sinh: 1956
Nm tt nghip i hc: 1982
Nm bo v lun n TS : 1996
Nm bo v lun n TSKH : 2000
Ni cng tc hin nay: Vin NCKH v TK
-VSP
2

NI DUNG MN HC
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
3

Gin khoan du kh;

Thy lc v dung dch khoan;
Bm trm xi mng;
Thit k ng chng v chui cn khoan;
Chong khoan;
Khoan nh hng;
o trong khi khoan

Gin khoan du kh

Tng quan;
Cc loi gian khoan du kh;
H thng nng lng trn gian;
H thng nng (ko th);
H thng tun hon dung dch;
H thng xoay;
H thng kim sot ging;
H thng o trong khi khoan;
Nhng thit b chuyn bit trong khoan
bin.

Gii thiu Gin khoan du kh

GII THIU - Introduction

Cc loi gin - Rig Types
Gin khoan t lin
Gi
Land Rigs

Gin khoan vi t
Gi
tu tip liu
Tender Assisted
X lan khoan
Barges

Gin t nng
Gi
Jack--up
Jack

Na ni na ch
chm
Semi-Semi
submersible

Tu khoan
Drillship

 su nc v loi gin
0-5 m

20-120 m

60-800 m

30-2800 m

Gin khoan t lin

Loi gi
gin khoan thng dng nht dng khoan
trn t lin
8

Gii thiu
Gin khoan t lin
1.Gi xp cn - Pipe Racks
2. Dc tip khoan - Ramp
3. Thp khoan -Derrick
4. Chung kh - Monkey board
5. Rng rc nh - Crown block
6. Cp khoan - Drill line
7. Khi rng rc ng & mc
treo - Block & hook
8. Quang treo /u nng - Links
& elevator
9. Cn ch o - Kelly
10. Cu trc di -Substructure
11. Cm i p - BOPs
9

5
4
6
7
8
3
9
2
1

10
11

Cc h thng chnh trn gin

Cc h thng chnh

1
0

H thng cung cp nng lng.

H thng nng th,
H thng tun hon,
Thit b quay,
H thng i p,
o trong khi khoan
Cng sut v cu trc ca thp khoan ,
Cc lai ng,

1. H thng cung cp nng lng

Nng lng yu cu cho gin khoan l tng cng sut
ca cc thit b sau
1. Ti khoan,
2. Cc my bm dung dch,
3. H thng quay,
4. Nng lng cho thp sng ,
5. S dng cho sinh hot.

1
1

2. H thng nng th
Cc nguyn tc c bn;
H thng nng th;
Cp khoan :

Rng rc nh (tnh) -Crown Block

W
4

W
4

W
4

W
4

W
4

W
4

Rng rc c nh Fixed
sheaves

ng cp nhanh
- Fastline

Mc treo - Hook

Ti khoan Drawworks
Deadline u cp cht

1
2

2. H thng nng
o ng knh dy cp
ng knh ca mt dy cp l ng knh ca ng trn
ngoi tip bao quanh tt c cc si cp. N l s o mt ct
ngang ln nht.

1
3

2. H thng nng
Nhng nh gi khi thit k
1. Xc nh chiu su ging khoan ln
nht.
2. Xc nh ti trng ln nht trong khi
khoan hoc chng ng,
3. S dng nhng gi tr ny la chn
cp khoan, thp khoan v cng sut
ca thp.
1
4

Cng sut v cu trc ca thp khoan

Thp khoan cung cp chiu cao cn thit v
chu ti trng ln mc khi ko th b
dng c khoan, ng chng.
Thp khoan v cu trc ca thp phi
khe chu c ti trng ln mc,
ng cp cht, ng cp nhanh, ti
trng ca cn dng v sc gi
1
5

Cng sut v cu trc ca thp khoan

C hai lai thp khoan :
Lai tiu chun : l cu trc c rp li vi
nhau bng bu lng, thng s dng cc
gin khoan ngoi bin.
Loi ct hay loi di ng :
Lai ny c quay trn 1 ci tr v c h
xung bng ti khoan sau khi khoan xong,
sn sng ko ti v tr mi.
1
6

Rng rc nh (tnh) -Crown Block

W
4

H thng nng

W
4

W
4

W
4

W
4

W
4

Rng rc c nh
Fixed sheaves

ng cp nhanh
- Fastline

Mc treo - Hook

Ti khoan Drawworks

Deadline
u cp cht

Ti trng ln thp tnh :

= FastLine Load + Hook Load + DeadLine Load
= HL/4 + HL + HL/4 = 3/2HL

Vi h thng nng c N ng dy n rng rc ng, ti

trng tnh ln thp c tnh bi :
= { (N + 2) / N } HL,
N
1
7

= s ng dy cp n rng rc ng

HL = Ti trng ln mc treo.

H thng nng
Hiu sut ca h thng nng
Hiu sut ca h thng nng
EF = { K ( 1-KN) } / { N( 1-K ) }.
Ti trng ln ng cp nhanh
= HL / (N * EF),
K = Hiu sut ca rng rc v dy cp
Ti trng ln ng cp cht :
1
8

DL = ( HL * KN) / ( N * EF) .

H thng nng
Number of Line strung

For K = 0.9615

Efficiency Factor

0.874,

0.842,

10

0.811,

12

0.782.

Nu bn ca dy cp bit, h s thit k c th c tnh

DF = Nominal strength of wire rope (lb) / Fast-line Load (lb),

Min Design Factors;

1
9

Drilling/Tripping

:3

Casing Running

:2

H thng nng
Cng sut cho ti khoan :
V nguyn l, ti khoan cn c 1 HP cho 10ft khoan. Do
cho ging khoan su 20,000ft, ti khoan cn c cng
sut 2000 HP Cch khc tnh cng sut yu

cu
Tc ng cp nhanh (Vf);
Vf = N * VL
VL = Tc ca rng rc ng

2
0

H thng nng
Cng sut yu cu ca ti:
Cng sut ti tang ti : = FL * Vf
P = (HL * VL) / EF
Theo h o lng Anh, cng sut c tnh
bng M lc, phng trnh trn c vit nh
sau:

2
1

Cng sut ti tang ti = (HL * VL) / EF *

33,000

3. H thng tun hon dd

Mud pump
Mud pit

Casing
Drill pipe
Annulus

Drill bit

2
2

Open hole

Drill collar

3. H thng tun hon dd

Phn chnh ca h thng tun han l cc my bm,
C hai lai bm 2 piston v bm 3 piston

Triplex Pump

2
3

CNG SUT MY BM
Tnh ton cng sut my bm:
Cng sut =
MB (HHP)

q Dp
1714

Trong :
q-lu lng bm, gpm
Dp-Tn hao p sut trong h thng tun hon,
psi
Cng sut my bm (HHP)-m lc (hp)
2
4

3. H thng tun hon

My bm ly tm :
My bm ly tm s dng cung cp dung
dch cho my bm v cc thit b tch cht
rn, thit b trn dung dch Cc thit b khc:
Kch thc ca gin phi kt hp cht ch vi
cc thit b trong h thng tun han, cc thit
b tun han quyt nh n tc khoan v
cht lng ging khoan
2
5

3. H thng tun hon

Cc thit b ph tr:
Cc thit b khc trong HTTH gm c: Lai dd s

dng quyt nh lai sn rung, ging

khoan su yu cu nhiu hn 3 sn rung.
1. B cha-Mud Pits: S lng v kch thc ph
thuc vo kch thc v chiu su ging khoan,
kch thc ca gin v khang khng trn gin
(c bit i vi gin khoan ngai bin)
2. Thit b tch kh
3. My bm ly tm v thit b lm sch dung dch
4. My tch ct v my tch bn.
2
6

 4. H thng quay

Cng sut quay yu cu thng bng

1.5-2 ln tc quay ph thuc vo
chiu su ging.
Vi tc quay l 200 vng/pht, cng
sut quay yu cu l khong 400 HP.

2
7

Cc thnh phn chnh

Cn ch o /ng c nh -

Cn ch o /ng c
nh cung cp nng
lng cn thit cho
vic ph hy t
trong khi khoan c th
l cung cp m men
quay
2
8

H THNG KIM SOT GING

2
9

5. H thng i p
H thng i p bao gm :

3
0

A = i p vnh xuyn (i p a nng)

G = i p quay chng phun (b phn
truyn ng quay v ng kn dng trn
thit b chng phun cho php vn hnh ng
vi p sut thp).
R = i p n dng ngm vi mt b
ngm
Rd = i p kp dng ngm vi hai b
ngm
Rt = i p ba dng ngm vi ba b ngm
S = Mt bch gia cc cm BOP
M = p sut lm vic tng ng 1,000
psi (68.95 bar)

i p vnh xuyn (i p a nng)

3
1

i p n dng ngm vi mt b ngm

3
2

u ging
is the surface
foundation on
which the well
is built up
during the
drilling
operations.

During drilling process :

The well is controlled
by a BOP and choke
manifold

As the well is drilled :

Each annulus is
sealed off by the
wellhead
3
3

u ging khai thc

After the tubing is installed :
Xmass Tree

The BOP's are removed

The X mass tree is
installed to control the
flow from the well

Wellhead

3
4

H thng u
u ging
Chu ti treo cc ct ng

1
2

kn
Ging v pha ngoi

ng chng-va
Gi p sut khi chng phun, th
va, ng ging

3
5

What does wellheads do ?

3
6

HANG-OFF WEIGHT

CONTAINS PRESSURE

MONITOR THE WELL SAFETY

PROVIDE A BASE FOR THE

XMAS TREE

What are the main components ?

X-Mass Tree

Tubing Head Spool

Casing Head Spool
Casing Head Housing
3
7

Well Head Types

1. Conventional spooled system
2. Compact spool systems
3. Mud line suspension system
4. Subsea wellheads

3
8

Conventional spooled system

BOP's Stack

Tubing Head Spool

Casing Head Spool

Casing Head Housing

3
9

Compact Wellheads

4
0

The BOP's Stack can

be left in place until
the installation of XMass tree

It saves rig time

reduction of flanged
connections

Casing Head Housing

First element of the wellhead
Supporting the
next string of
casing
Connecting or
adapting to well
control
equipment
Sealing the
wellbore from
the atmosphere

Controlling
access to the
wellbore :
4
1

Casing Head Spools

Second element of the wellhead

4
2

Casing Hangers
Slip type hanger (wraparound
casing slips) or
Mandrel type hanger
Landing area

Intermediate
casing

4
3

Conductor
pipe
Surface casing

Tubing Head Spools

Third element of the
wellhead

4
4

Tubing Hangers :
Tubing Hanger
Tubing Head Spool
Tubing Hanger

Production casing
4
5

Tubing

Tubing Head Spool

Mud line suspension system

4
6

Subsea Wellhead System

30 Wellhead, Permanent Guide base

and 30 Conductor Installed

4
7

Subsea Wellhead System

18-3/4 Wellhead
With 20 casing installed
4
8

Run Corrosion Cap

thit b o trong qu trnh khoan (mwd)

4
9

c ch hot ng
ca MWD

5
0

Mt ct dc MWD

5
1

thit b o log
trong qu trnh
khoan

5
2