Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Modulul
COMUNICARE
Disciplina
COMUNICARE NTR-O LIMB STRIN
CUPRINS
UNIT 1: FRAZE I EXPRESII PENTRU CONVERSAIA N LIMBA ENGLEZ
(ENGLISH CONVERSATION PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS)
1.1. Cum ne prezentm
1.2. Complimente, urri, salutri
1.3. Conversaia la telefon
1.4. Conversaia la restaurant
1.5. Conversaia la hotel
1.6. Conversaia la plecarea n cltorie
UNIT 2: NOIUNI GRAMATICALE N LIMBA ENGLEZ (ENGLISH GRAMMAR
NOTIONS)
2.1. Substantivul (The Noun)
2.2. Articolul (The Article)
2.3. Numeralul (The Numeral)
2.4. Adjectivul (The Adjective)
2.5. Pronumele (The Pronouns)
2.5.1. Pronumele personal
2.5.2. Pronumele reflexive i de ntrire
2.5.3. Pronumele relative
2.6. Alte tipuri de pronume i adjective
2.6.1. Pronumele i adjectivele demonstrative
2.6.2. Pronumele i adjectivele posesive
2.6.3. Pronumele i adjectivele nehotrte
2.6.4. Pronumele i adjectivele interogative
2.7. Verbul (The Verb)
2.7.1. Timpurile verbale
2.7.2. Lista verbelor neregulate
UNIT 3: NOIUNI DE VOCABULAR (VOCABULARY NOTIONS)
UNIT 4: REDACTAREA SCRISORILOR FORMALE N LIMBA ENGLEZ
(WRITING FORMAL LETTERS IN ENGLISH)
4.1. Reguli de baz
4.2. Coninutul unei scrisori formale
4.3. Covering Letter, Letter of Enquiry
DESCRIPTION
Im a tall/ short man / woman.
I am a dark/ blond/ red/ grey-haired person.
I have a curly/ straight/ frizzy/ wavy hair.
Im a long-haired/ short-haired person.
I wear sport/ fashionable/ casual clothes.
FAMILY
I have a big/ small family. I have three
sisters/ brothers older than me/ I only have
on younger sister than me.
Im the youngest/ the oldest of all. Im an
only child.
Both my parents are doctors.
We usually get together on Sundays.
EDUCATION
I have graduated high school/ college.
I have a Bachelors/ a Masters Degree in
Arts/
Science/
Architecture/
Laws/
Literature/ Tourism.
My ambition is to become an artist/ a great
man of science/ an architect/ a lawyer/ a
teacher/ a tourism manager.
LIKES AND DISLIKES
I enjoy travelling/ doing sports/ outdoor
activities/ taking photos/ wandering on
streets/ meeting my friends.
I like reading my newspaper in the
morning/ a good book.
I like dramas/ thrillers/ comedies/
documentaries/ talk-shows/ cartoons.
I dislike soap-operas/ SF movies.
I hate long rainy days.
I do not like it when people are not
punctual/ when they do not keep their
promise
3
AUTOPORTRET
Sunt foarte ncreztor n mine i n
oameni.
Oamenii se pot baza pe mine atunci cnd
promit ceva.
Sunt foarte muncitor i mi place s mi
fac treaba pn la capt.
Sunt sociabil i mi place munca n
echip.
Sunt creativ, de aceea am ncercat s mi
dezvolt aptitudinile artistice.
Am un sim al modei, de aceea sunt atent
la felul n care m mbrac.
Sunt un om cu capul pe umeri/ un vistor.
SELF-DESCRIPTION
Im highly self-confident and I also trust
people.
People can rely on me when I make a
promise.
Im very hard-working and I like doing my
job until its well done.
Im social and I enjoy team work.
Im creative, so I tried to develop my
artistic skills.
I have a good sense of fashion, so I pay a
lot of attention to the way I dress myself.
Im a down-to-earth person/ a dreamer.
GREETINGS
Hello! Hi! (informal)
Good morning/ afternoon/ evening!
How do you do?
Im glad to see you.
Good to see you.
Its always a pleasure to see you.
Ive missed you.
Ive been thinking of calling you.
How are you/ is your family?
How is everything?
Very well, thank you.
Not so well, unfortunately.
FAREWELL
Bye-bye!
Good-bye!
Have a nice day/ weekend!
See you soon/ later!
See you tomorrow!
All the best to
Give my best regards to
Im looking forward to seeing you again.
Say hello to for me.
Thank you/ thanks for coming.
It was nice for you to come/ I was nice to
have you here.
Drive carefully!
Safe journey home!
PREZENTAREA
Putei
s
mi
spunei
numele
dumneavoastr, v rog ?
Cum v numii ?
Ma numesc ...
Permitei-mi s m prezint.
Pot s v-o/ vi-l prezint pe .... ?
Nu cred c ne-am mai ntlnit.
Dan, a vrea s l cunoti pe Tim
Aceasta este soia mea/ acesta este soul
meu/
Aceasta este fata mea/ acesta este fiul
meu.
M bucur s v cunosc.
E o plcere s v cunosc n sfrit !
Am auzit att de multe despre
dumneavoastr.
COMPLIMENTE
Te-ai descurcat foarte bine cu acea
sarcina.
Eti un prieten extraordinar, s tii.
Sunt impresionat.
Bravo !
Sunt foarte ncntat de ...
Pot s te felicit pentru ... ?
Arati minunat.
Ai o coafura splendid.
Ce ..... frumoas pori !
Se potrivete perfect cu inuta ta.
i st bine.
Ai un stil deosebit.
URRI DE BINE, FELICITRI
Felicitri!
Felicitri pentru noul serviciu/ pentru c ai
luat examenele/ pentru logodn/ pentru
absolvire!
Distracie plcut!
Bucur-te de vacan/ de ederea ta aici!
Succes!
Baft!
Ii in pumnii strni!
La muli ani !
O zi a recunotinei fericit/ un halloween
fericit/ Pate fericit !
Crciun fericit !
Un an nou fericit !
INTRODUCTION
Could please you tell me your name?
What is your name?
My name is
Let me introduce myself.
May I introduce to you ?
I dont think we have met before.
Dan, I would like you to meet Tim.
This my wife/ husband.
This is my daughter/ son.
Nice to meet you!
Such a pleasure to finally know you!
Ive heard so much about you.
COMPLIMENTS
Youve done very well on that job.
Youre a great friend, you know.
Im very impressed.
Well done!
Im very pleased with
May I compliment you on ?
You look wonderful/ lovely.
Youve got a great haircut.
What a nice piece of youre wearing!
It fits perfectly with your outfit.
You wear it well.
Youve got a great sense of style.
GOOD WISHES, CONGRATULATIONS
Congratulations!
Congratulations on your new job/ on
passing your exams/ on your engagement/
on your graduation!
Enjoy yourself!
Enjoy your holiday/ your staying here!
Good luck!
Break a leg!
I keep my fingers crossed!
Happy birthday!
Happy Thanksgiving/ Halloween/ Easter!
Merry Christmas!
A happy New Year!
5
BOOKING A TABLE
Id like to reserve/ book a table for two at 8
p.m., please.
Could we have a table by the window,
please?
Could we have a non-smoking table,
please?
ARRIVING AT THE RESTAURANT
Good evening. My name is I have a
table booked for two at 8.
Could we have a table over there,
please?
I have booked a table under the name of
FINDING A HOTEL
Where can I find the cheapest hotel?
Could you recommend a good hotel?
7
cetenia dumneavoastr?
Sunt de naionalitate romn. Sunt
cetean romn, dar nscut n Austria.
car
cars
dollar
dollars
piece
pieces
apple
apples
plan
plans
majoritatea substantivelor care se termin n s, sh, o, ch, ss, x i z primesc sufixul -es la
plural.
sg
bus
wish
potato
latch
class
box
pl
buses
wishes
potatoes
latches
classes
boxes
substantivele care se termin ntr-o consoan urmat de y formeaz pluralul prin
nlocuirea lui y cu i i adugarea sufixului -es
sg
pl
worry
worries
story
stories
apology
apologies
spy
spies
mystery
mysteries
man
men
goose
geese
mouse
mice
crisis
crises
ox
oxen
woman
women
child
children
foot
feet
tooth
teeth
die
dice
herd
herds
gang
gangs
staff
staffs
bunch
bunches
state
states
10
11
naintea substantivelor care indic nume de ri, orae i limba acestora. E.g.: France is a
European country. You speak English fluently. Bucharest is the capital of Romania.
n unele expresii invariabile. E.g.: by car, at school, in church, by train.
naintea substantivelor abstracte, care indic nume de culori, tiine, arte, materii etc.
E.g.: beauty, health, dinner, lunch, breakfast, truth, green, gold, silver, mathematics,
physics
CARDINAL
One
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six
Seven
Eight
Nine
Ten
Eleven
Twelve
Thirteen
Fourteen
Fifteen
Sixteen
Seventeen
Eighteen
Nineteen
Twenty
Twenty-one
Thirty
Forty
Fifty
Ninety
One hundred
Five hundred
One thousand
Ten thousand
One hundred thousand
One million
ORDINAL
The first
The second
The third
The fourth
The fifth
The sixth
The seventh
The eighth
The ninth
The tenth
The eleventh
The twelfth
The thirteenth
The fourteenth
The fifteenth
The sixteenth
The seventeenth
The eighteenth
The nineteenth
The twentieth
The twenty-first
The thirtieth
The fortieth
The fiftieth
The ninetieth
The hundredth
The five hundredth
The thousandth
The ten thousandth
The hundred thousandth
The millionth
12
13
adjectivul are aceeai form indiferent de genul, cazul i numrul substantivului pe care
l determin E.g.: (a) good boy/ girl/ book/ books;
adjectivele care determin naionalitatea se scriu ntotdeauna cu majuscul E.g.: a
Romanian citizen.
Gradele de comparatiie
Pozitiv
Comparativ
Superlativ
superioritate egalitate
inferioritate relativ
absolut
long
longer than
as long as
not so long as
easier than
narrower than
as easy as
as narrow as
clever
cleverer than
as clever as
not so easy as
not so narrow
as
not so clever as
noble
nobler than
as noble as
not so noble as
Comparaia easy
narrow
sintetic
the longest
of
the easiest of
the narrowest
of
the cleverest
of
the noblest
of
the
most
interesting of
very long
very easy
very narrow
very clever
very noble
very
interesting
Reguli:
n funcie de numrul de silabe din care sunt formate adjectivele, acestea se pot compara
n 2 feluri:
1. COMPARAIE SINTETIC
comparativul de superioritate i superlativul relativ se formeaz adugnd la adjectivul
aflat la gradul pozitiv sufixele -er, respective -est. E.g.: short, shorter, the shortest.
comparativul de egalitate se formeaz din adjectivul aflat la gradul pozitiv, precedat i
urmat de conjuncia as E.g.: as short as.
comparativul de inferioritate se formeaz din adjectivul flat la gradul pozitiv, precedat
de not so/ as i urmat de as. E.g.: not as short as.
superlativul absolut se formeaz din adjectivul la gradul pozitiv, precedat de adverbele
very (foarte), terribly (teribil de), extremely (extreme de), etc. E.g.: very short.
2. COMPARAIA ANALITIC
comparativul de superioritate i superlativul relativ se formeaz din adjectivul aflat la
gradul pozitiv precedat de adverbele more i the most. E.g.: beautiful, more beautiful,
the most beautiful.
comparativul de egalitate i superlativul absolut se formeaz urmnd regulile
aplicabile la comparaia sintetic. E.g.: as beautiful as.
comparativul de inferioritate se formeaz din adjectivul aflat la gradul pozitiv precedat
de adverbul less. E.g.: less beautiful than.
Comparaia neregulat a adjectivelor
POZITIV
COMPARATIV
SUPERLATIV
Good
Bad
Much
Little
Old
Better
Worse
More
Less
Older
elder
further
later
The best
The worst
The most
The least
The oldest
The eldest
The furthest
The latest
Far
Late
14
near
nearer
The nearest
Eu
tu, dumneata, dumneavoastr
El
Ea
el, ea (neutru), pentru nume de obiecte/ lucruri/ animale
Noi
voi, dumneavoastr
ei, ele, dumnealor
COMPLEMENT INDIRECT
mie, mi, mi
ie, ii, i, dumitale, dumneavoastr
lui, i, iei, i, i lui, ei, inoua, ne, ni
vou, v, vi, dumneavoastr
lor, le, li
FUNCIE
COMPLEMENT DIRECT
pe mine, m, mpe tine, te, pe dumneata pe dumneavoastr
pe el, l
pe ea, o
pe el, l, pe ea, o
pe noi, ne
pe voi, v, pe dumneavoastr
pe ei, i, i
m, nsumi, nsmi
- te, nsui, nsi
se, nsui
se, nsei
se, nsui, nsi (neutru)
ne, nine, nsene
v, niv, nsev
se, nii, nsele
E.g.: You found yourself very useful. We did ourselves all the exercises. (pronume reflexive)
Str.Turturelelor, nr.11A, bloc C, et. 5, Sector 3, Bucureti
Tel: 021-312.20.91; Fax: 021-312.20.92
www.cedes-cd.ro
15
WHAT
PRON. DEMONSTRATIV
this
that
these
those
ADJ. DEMONSTRATIV
This book
That book
These books
Those books
POSESIV
mea
ta
lui
mine
yours
his
Her book
ei
hers
PRONUME POSESIV
al meu, a mea, ai mei, ale mele
al tu, a ta, ai ti, ale tale
al su (a lui), a sa (a lui), ai si (ai lui), ale
sale (ale lui)
al su (a ei), a sa (a ei), ai si (ai ei), ale
sale (ale ei)
16
Its book
Our book
Your book
Their book
lui/ei (neutru)
noastr
voastr
lor
its
ours
yours
theirs
E.g.: His car is old, but hers is older. I lost my pencil, can you lend me yours?
2.6.3. Pronumele i adjectivele nehotrte
Definiie: Pronumele nehotrte nu au un substantiv anume pe care s-l nlocuiasc. Chiar i
atunci cnd se refer la cineva/ ceva identificabil, referirea se face n general prin formele: toi,
unii, nici unii, cineva. Pronumele nehotrte pot fi clasificate drept pronume doar atunci cnd
sunt folosite pe cont propriu. Dac le alturm un substantiv atunci devin adejective nehotrte.
Propoziii afirmative (+)
Propoziii interogative (?)
Some = ceva, nite, civa, Any = ceva, nite, civa,
cteva, unii, unele
cteva, unii, unele
Any = orice, oricare
Some = ceva, nite, civa,
cteva
Observaii:
n propoziiile interogative, cnd cerem sau oferim ceva i dorim ca rspunsul s fie
afirmativ se utilizeaz some. E.g.: May I help you with some tea?
Any este utilizat n propoziiile negative cnd verbul este la forma sa negativ.
E.g.: There isnt any tea in the cup.
No i compuii si se folosesc n propoziiile afirmative cnd verbul este la forma
afirmativ. E.g.: There is no tea in the cup.
Compuii lui some, any, no i every
BODY
somebody
cineva (+,?)
ANY
anybody
cineva (?)
nimeni (-)
oricine (+)
NO
nobody
nimeni (-)
EVERY everybody
fiecare, toi, toat lumea
SOME
ONE
someone
cineva (+,?)
anyone
cineva (?)
nimeni (-)
oricine (+)
no one
nimeni (-)
everyone
fiecare, toi, toat lumea
THING
something
ceva (+,?)
anything
ceva (?)
nimic (-)
orice (+)
nothing
nimic (-)
everything
totul
WHERE
somewhere
undeva (+,?)
anywhere
undeva (?)
nicieri (-)
oriunde (+)
nowhere
nicieri (-)
everywhere
pretutindeni
E.g.: There is some tea in the cup. Some say he is very god.
Is there any tea in the cup? Are any of those students yours friends?
2.6.4. Pronumele i adjectivele interogative
Definiie: Pronumele interogative se folosesc pentru a pune ntrebri. Acestea pot fi clasificate
drept pronume doar atunci cnd sunt folosite pe cont propriu. Dac le alturm un substantiv
atunci devin adejective interogative.
PENTRU PERSOANE
WHO? care (nominativ)
Who is writing on the blackboard?
WHOSE? - al (a, ai, ale) crui/ creia/ crora Whose is that pencil? (pronume)
(genitiv)
Whose pencil is it? (adjectiv)
(TO) WHOM? crui, creia, crora (dativ) To whom must you give the book?
WHOM? (acuzativ)
Str.Turturelelor, nr.11A, bloc C, et. 5, Sector 3, Bucureti
Tel: 021-312.20.91; Fax: 021-312.20.92
www.cedes-cd.ro
17
WHAT?
WHICH?
Eu dansez
Tu dansezi
El/ Ea danseaz
Noi dansm
Voi dansai
Ei/ Ele danseaz
I dance
You dance
He/ She/ It dances
We dance
You dance
They dance
Eu dansez
Tu dansezi
El/ Ea danseaz
Noi dansm
Voi dansai
Ei/ Ele danseaz
I am dancing
You are dancing
He/ She/ It is dancing
We are dancing
You are dancing
They are dancing
I have danced
You have danced
18
Eu dansam
Tu dansai
El/ Ea dansa
Noi dansam
Voi dansai
Ei/ Ele dansau
Eu am dansat
Tu ai dansat
El/ Ea a dansat
Noi am dansat
Voi ai dansat
Ei/ Ele au dansat
I danced
You danced
He/ She/ It danced
We danced
You danced
They danced
I was dancing
You were dancing
He/ She/ It was dancing
We were dancing
You were dancing
They were dancing
I had danced
You had danced
He/ She/ It had danced
We had danced
You had danced
They had danced
Eu voi dansa
Tu vei dansa
El/ Ea dansa
Noi vom dansa
I will dance
You will dance
He/ She/ It will dance
We will dance
19
Eu voi fi dansat
Tu vei fi dansat
El/ Ea va fi dansat
Noi vom fi dansat
Voi vei fi dansat
Ei/ Ele vor fi dansat
SIMPLE PAST
arose
awoke/ awakened
was/were
bore
beat
became
befell
began
beheld
bent
bet/betted
bid
bound
bit
bled
blew
broke
bred
brought
PAST PARTICIPLE
arisen
awoken
been
born/ borne
beaten/ beat
become
befallen
begun
beheld
bent
bet/betted
bid
bound
bitten
bled
blown
broken
bred
brought
20
broadcast
browbeat
build
burn
burst
bust
buy
cast
catch
choose
cling
come
cost
creep
cut
deal
dig
dive
do
draw
dream
drink
drive
dwell
eat
fall
feed
feel
fight
find
fit
flee
fling
fly
forbid
forecast
forego
foresee
foretell
forget
forgive
forsake
freeze
get
give
go
grind
grow
hang
have
hear
broadcast
browbeat
built
burnt/burned
burst
busted/bust
bought
cast
caught
chose
clung
came
cost
crept
cut
dealt
dug
dove
did
drew
dreamt/dreamed
drank
drove
dwelt/dwelled
ate
fell
fed
felt
fought
found
fit
fled
flung
flew
forbade
forecast
forewent
foresaw
foretold
forgot
forgave
forsook
froze
got
gave
went
ground
grew
hung
had
heard
broadcast
browbeat
built
burnt/burned
burst
busted/bust
bought
cast
caught
chosen
clung
come
cost
crept
cut
dealt
dug
dived
done
drawn
dreamt/dreamed
drunk
driven
dwelt/dwelled
eaten
fallen
fed
felt
fought
found
fit
fled
flung
flown
forbidden
forecast
foregone
foreseen
foretold
forgotten
forgiven
forsaken
frozen
gotten/got
given
gone
ground
grown
hung
had
heard
21
hide
hit
hold
hurt
input
inset
interbreed
interweave
keep
kneel
knit
know
lay
lead
lean
leap
learn
leave
lend
let
lie
light
lose
make
mean
meet
mishear
mislay
mislead
misread
misspell
mistake
mow
outbid
outdo
outgrow
outrun
outsell
overcast
overcome
overdo
overdraw
overeat
overhang
overhear
overlay
overlie
overpay
override
overrun
oversee
hid
hit
held
hurt
input
inset
interbred
interwove
kept
knelt/kneeled
knit/knitted
knew
laid
led
leaned/leant
leapt/leaped
learned/learnt
left
lent
let
lay
lit/lighted
lost
made
meant
met
misheard
mislaid
misled
misread
misspelled/misspelt
mistook
mowed
outbid
outdid
outgrew
outran
outsold
overcast
overcame
overdid
overdrew
overate
overhung
overheard
overlaid
overlay
overpaid
overrode
overran
oversaw
hidden
hit
held
hurt
input
inset
interbred
interwoven
kept
knelt/kneeled
knit/knitted
known
laid
led
leaned/leant
leapt/leaped
learned/learnt
left
lent
let
lain
lit/lighted
lost
made
meant
met
misheard
mislaid
misled
misread
misspelled/misspelt
mistaken
mowed/mown
outbid
outdone
outgrown
outran
outsold
overcast
overcome
overdone
overdrawn
overeaten
overhung
overheard
overlaid
overlain
overpaid
overridden
overrun
overseen
22
oversell
overshoot
oversleep
overtake
overthrow
partake
pay
plead
proofread
prove
put
quit
read
rebind
rebuild
recast
redo
remake
repay
rerun
resell
reset
rethink
rewind
rewrite
rid
ride
ring
rise
run
say
see
seek
sell
send
set
sew
shake
shear
shed
shine
shoot
show
shrink
shut
sing
sit
slay
sleep
slide
sling
oversold
overshot
overslept
overtook
overthrew
partook
paid
pled/pleaded
proofread
proved
put
quit/ quitted
read
rebound
rebuilt
recast
redid
remade
repaid
reran
resold
reset
rethought
rewound
rewrote
rid
rode
rang
rose
ran
said
saw
sought
sold
sent
set
sewed
shook
sheared
shed
shined/shone
shoot
showed
shrank/shrunk
shut
sang
sat
slew
slept
slid
slung
oversold
overshot
overslept
overtaken
overthrown
partaken
paid
pled/pleaded
proofread
proven/ proved
put
quit/ quitted
read
rebound
rebuilt
recast
redone
remade
repaid
rerun
resold
reset
rethought
rewound
rewritten
rid
ridden
rung
risen
run
said
seen
sought
sold
sent
set
sewn/sewed
shaken
shorn/sheared
shed
shined/shone
shoot
shown/showed
shrunk
shut
sung
sat
slain
slept
slid
slung
23
slit
smell
speak
speed
spell
spend
spin
spit
split
spoil
spread
spring
stand
steal
stick
sting
stink
strew
stride
strive
strike
string
swear
sweep
swell
swim
swing
take
teach
tear
tell
think
throw
thrust
tread
unbind
underlie
understand
undertake
underwrite
undo
unwind
uphold
upset
wake
wear
weave
wed
weep
wet
win
slit
smelled/smelt
spoke
sped/speeded
spelled/spelt
spent
spun
spit/spat
split
spoiled/spoilt
spread
sprang/sprung
stood
stole
stuck
stung
stank/stunk
strewed
strode
strove
struck
strung
swore
swept
swelled
swam
swung
took
taught
tore
told
thought
threw
thrust
trod
unbound
underlay
understood
undertook
underwrote
undid
unwound
upheld
upset
woke/waked
wore
wove
wed/wedded
wept
wet/wetted
won
slit
smelled/smelt
spoken
sped/speeded
spelled/spelt
spent
spun
spit/spat
split
spoiled/spoilt
spread
sprung
stood
stolen
stuck
stung
stunk
strewn/strewed
stridden
striven
struck/stricken
strung
sworn
swept
swollen/swelled
swum
swung
taken
taught
torn
told
thought
thrown
thrust
trodden/ trod
unbound
underlain
understood
undertaken
underwritten
undone
unwound
upheld
upset
woken/waked
worn
woven
wed/wedded
wept
wet/wetted
won
24
wind
withdraw
wring
write
wound
withdrew
wrung
wrote
wound
withdrawn
wrung
written
LOBBY
entrance
lock, door handle, key
door frame/ window frame
bracket
THE ROOM
ceiling
switch
cupboard (wardrobe), drawers
clothes hooks/ hangers
cloth brush
shoe brush
curtains
hangings
venetian blinds
bed side table
bed side lamp
dressing table
stool
picture, painting
carpet
brochures, leaflets, booklets
wastepaper basket
(flower) vase
ashtray
central heating (radiator)
telephone
THE BED
mattress(es)
under blanket/ mattress cover
pillow
pillow case
sheets
blankets
THE BATHROOM
shower cabin/ shower
mirror
25
prosoape
towels
suport prosoape
towel holder
cad
bathtub
chiuvet
wash-hand basin
col gunoi
wastepaper basket with disposal beg
perie WC i suport
toilet brush and holder
savonier
soap box
spun
soap
etajer
shelf
pahar
drinking glass
gresie/ faian
tile
hrtie igienic/ suport hrtie
toilet paper/ toilet paper holder
dezodorizant WC
toilet deodorizer
ECHIPAMENTE SANITARE - SANITATION EQUIPMENT
aspirator
vacuum cleaner
crucior cu saci de plastic de unic folosin
maids cart with disposal begs
cru trus de scule pentru ntreinere
maintenance cart
cru transportor echipamente electrice
equipment carrier
cru pentru transportul gunoiului
mobile waste cart
glei, mopuri, mturi, perii
buckets, mops, brooms, brushes
perii de podea, burei, perii curat vas WC
dustpans, sponges, toilet bowl brushes
dispozitive pentru mturat covoare
carpet sweepers
dispozitiv de aplicat cear
floor wax applicators
MENTENAN - MAINTENANCE
necesar de achiziii (tipizat)
request for purchase form
senzor de podea
floor controller
cheltuieli de ntreinere
expenses of upkeep
boiler, nclzior de ap
water heater
bec
light bulb
dispozitive
appliances
detector de fum
smoke detector
extingtor
fire extinguisher
sistem de alarm contra incendiilor
fire alarm system
main de splat
washing machine
main de splat vase
dishwasher
scurgere
water leakage
cabluri
plugs
sistem
wires/ cables
sistem de nclzire
heating system
evi
pipes
IN A RESTAURANT
TIPURILE DE RESTAURANTE
TYPES OF RESTAURANTS
Restaurant de lux
Deluxe restaurant
Restaurant gastronomic
Gourmet restaurant
Restaurant de hotel
Hotel restaurant
Restaurant pensiune
Boarding house, pension
Restaurant cu specific
Specialty restaurant
Str.Turturelelor, nr.11A, bloc C, et. 5, Sector 3, Bucureti
Tel: 021-312.20.91; Fax: 021-312.20.92
www.cedes-cd.ro
26
Fast-food restaurant
Traditional restaurant
Pub
Wine cellar, winery
Inn
RESTAURANT POSITIONS
Restaurant Director/ Manager
Assistant manager
Matre Dhtel
Station waiter, Chef de rang
Wine waiter, Wine butler
Clearing assistant waiter
Waiter/ Waitress
ROOMS AND FURNITURE
entrance hall, door
cloak room, dressing room
toilet, lavatory room
dining-room
lounge, function room
breakfast room
banquet room
terrace
garden
kitchen
pantry
storage room
locker room (for the staff)
Hallstand, coat-and-hat stand
(square, oval, round, rectangular) table/s
chair/s (child seat)
stool
sofa, coach
(wooden) bench
armchair
umbrella, sunshade
window
floor/ pavement
wall
booth-snug
service-table, sideboard
guerdon
(serving) trolley
plate warmer, dish-warmer
hotplate
chafing-dish, electric heater, hotplate
spirit heater
27
ACTIVITI N RESTAURANT
a aerisi/ aerisire
scobitoare
olivier
solni
serveel de mas
tacm (pentru o persoan/ dou)
a alinia i fixa mesele
a aranja scaunele
a aranja/ a pune (obiectele) pe mas
a aspira (praful)
a aeza/ a lua faa de mas
fa de mas
a schimba/ a nlocui feele de mas
a mpturii/ a plia erveelele
a cura pardoseala
a lustrui parchetul
a cura tacmurile
a spla vesela
a debarasa masa
a efectua mise-en-place-ul
PREPARATE I BUTURI
gustri
gustri reci/ calde
gustri servite n bar
supe (creme, consomeuri, ciorbe)
preparate de pete
antreuri
antreuri reci/ calde
preparate din ou
preparate din legume
paste finoase
preparate de baz
praparate din carne
preparate din carne de porc
preparate din carne de vit
preparate din carne de pasre
preparate de vnat
preaparate la grtar
specialitatea casei/ buctarului ef
specialitatea zilei
preparate la comanda consumatorului
preparate pregtite la masa consumatorului
specialiti romneti
garnituri
legume
salate
Str.Turturelelor, nr.11A, bloc C, et. 5, Sector 3, Bucureti
Tel: 021-312.20.91; Fax: 021-312.20.92
www.cedes-cd.ro
brnzeturi
desert
dulciuri, prjituri, produse de patiserie
ngheate
Fructe
buturi
aperitive/ vinuri/ bere
buturi digestive
buturi alcoolice
buturi rcoritoare
ceai, cafea
cheese
desserts
sweets, cakes, pastry sweets
ice-creams
fruits
drinks, beverages
aperitifs/ wines/ beer
digestives
alcoholic/ strong drinks
soft drinks/ refreshing drinks
tea, coffee
29
The paragraph or paragraphs in the middle of the letter should contain the relevant
information behind the writing of the letter. Most letters in English are not very long, so keep
the information to the essentials and concentrate on organising it in a clear and logical manner
rather than expanding too much.
LAST PARAGRAPH
The last paragraph of a formal letter should state what action you expect the recipient to
take to refund, send you information, etc.
Abbreviations Used in Letter Writing
The following abbreviations are widely used in letters:
asap = as soon as possible;
cc = carbon copy (when you send a copy of a letter to more than one person, you use this
abbreviation to let them know);
enc. = enclosure (when you include other papers with your letter);
pp = per procurationem (a Latin phrase meaning that you are signing the letter on
somebody else's behalf; if they are not there to sign it themselves, etc.);
PS = postscript (when you want to add something after you've finished and signed it);
pto (informal) = please turn over (to make sure that the other person knows the letter
continues on the other side of the page);
RSVP = please reply.
Useful phrases and vocabulary for writing business letters.
SALUTATION
STARTING
Dear Mr Brown
Dear Ms White
Dear Sir
Dear Madam
Dear Sir or Madam
Gentlemen
We are writing
to inform you that ...
to confirm ...
to request...
to enquire about ...
I am contacting you for the following reason
I recently read/heard about.... and would like to know ...
Having seen your advertisement in ..., I would like to ...
After having seen your advertisement in , I would like
I would be interested in (obtaining / receiving) ...
I received your address from ... and would like to ...
After having received your address from , I
I am writing to tell you about ...
I am writing to enquire about .
We/I recently wrote to you about .
With reference to your letter of 8 June, I .
Thank you for your letter of March 15.
Thank you for your letter regarding .
30
REFERRING TO
PREVIOUS CONTACT
MAKING A REQUEST
OFFERING HELP
COMPLAINING
31
CLOSING LINES
32
BIBLIOGRAFIE
ASHLEY, A, A Handbook of Commercial Corespondece, Oxford University Press, Oxford,
1992.
CROCUS, Angela, Touism and Hospitality Industry World-Wide, Editura Sylvi, Bucureti,
1997.
JONES, Leo, Welcome! English for Travel and Tourism Industry, Cambridge University Press,
1998.
RUSU, Liliana, SIMA, Elisabeta, English for the Students of the Faculty of Management
Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development, Editura Sylvi, Bucureti, 2006.
TURCU, Flavia, NSTSESCU, Violeta, Engleza de afaceri. Curs intensiv, Editura Uranus,
Bucureti.
33