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Contents
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5

Circuit Switched Data Server (CDS) ................................................... 5

CDS in the MSC Server (MSS) system .................................................. 6
CDS in the Integrated MSC Server (MSS) ............................................. 7
CDS in the Standalone MSC Server (MSS) ........................................... 9
CDS shared by the Multimedia Gateways (MGW) ................................ 10
CDS benefits ........................................................................................ 11

CDS functionality ............................................................................... 13

CDS interfaces ................................................................................... 15

4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7

CDS hardware architecture ............................................................... 17

CDS architecture.................................................................................. 18
Functional units in the CDS .................................................................. 19
CDS redundancy principles .................................................................. 21
CDS availability .................................................................................... 22
CDS mechanical design and power supply .......................................... 23
Capacity of the CDS ............................................................................ 26
Typical power consumption of the CDS ............................................... 27

5
5.1
5.2

Site requirements for the CDS .......................................................... 29

Exchange room layout ......................................................................... 30
Cable structures ................................................................................... 31

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Summary of changes

Date

Version

Name

Change comment

19/08/2009

0.1

Chaduc
Laurent

Creation of an update training document from

SR3.0

30/06/2010

0.2

Pubate
Satienpoch
Charfeddine
Sassi

Editing for SR4.0

01/02/2012

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Updated to SR4.1

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Circuit Switched Data Server (CDS)

With 3GPP Release 4, MSC functionality is split into two distinct logical entities:
MSC Server (MSS) and Multimedia Gateway (MGW). The MSS is responsible
for the call control and the control of the MGW, and the MGW controls the user
plane traffic. For more information, see the Nokia Siemens Networks MSC
Server product description.
This division also applies for the data calls that are controlled by the MSS while
the user plane is part of the MGW. The Interworking Function (IWF) functionality
in the standalone MSS concept for the CS data is provided by the CDS which is
connected to the MGW and controlled by the MSS through the MGW using the
device control protocol Megaco/H.248.
In the coming years the importance of the GSM-based circuit switched data will
decrease as data services will move more towards the General Packet Radio
Service (GPRS) which is seen as an essential milestone on the road to third
generation Personal Multimedia services. However, the MSC Server System
needs to support CS data as the MSC Server System has an important role in
providing the convergence between both domains.
With the CDS the operator can effectively optimise the required CS data call
resources in the MSC Server System. The capacity can easily be expanded
network-wide according to the operators needs. This is because the CDS is
built on the same, field-proven DX 200 platform as the i-series MSC. The
platform is modular in nature and therefore allows the operator to start with a
smaller configuration and increase the capacity later as necessary.
For more information on the modular structure of the CDS, see Engineering for
Circuit Switched Data Server (CDS).

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1.1

CDS in the MSC Server (MSS) system

The CDS is a data server providing the Interworking Functionality (IWF)
necessary for a circuit switched data call interworking between a PLMN and the
fixed networks (Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), Public Switched
Telephone Network (PSTN)).
For more information, see Section CDS functionality.
The CDS is a product which supports both the Integrated and the Standalone
MSC Server configurations.
In the Integrated MSS system, the CDS can be used together with the existing
IWF if the operator needs to extend the IWF capacity when all the IWF
resources have been utilised.
In the Standalone MSS concept, where only signalling is conveyed to the MSS,
and both the Time Division Multiplex (TDM) and the packet based user plane
are transported through the MGW, the CDS provides the IWF functionality for
the CS data calls.
To optimise the operator's IWF usage, the CDS can be shared by several
MGWs, which means that the operator does not have to acquire IWF resources
for each MGW where there are access points for CS data calls.

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1.2

CDS in the Integrated MSC Server (MSS)

Operators can move to the MSS system by integrating the MSS functionality in
the existing MSC by doing a software and hardware upgrade. In this system the
operator uses the existing Time Division Multiplex (TDM) interfaces in the MSC
and additionally has access to the IP/ATM backbone transport provided by the
MGW.
In the Integrated MSS system, the operator has the choice of connecting the
PCM lines from the Base Station Subsystem (BSS) either to the Integrated MSS
or to the MGW.
For the CS data calls the operator can utilise the existing Interworking
Functionality (IWF) in the Integrated MSC Server for both the data calls coming
to the MSS or for the data calls coming to the MGW. If the operator needs more
IWF resources than the integrated IWF provides or if the operator does not want
to connect TDM lines between the MGW and the MSS, then the CDS can be
connected to the MGW.
If the CDS is used, part of the data calls, for example, those coming to the
MGW, are served by the CDS and the data calls coming to the MSS are served
by the integrated IWF.
The CDS is used only for the data calls for which the A/Iu-interface is connected
to the MGW.

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Figure 1 CDS in the Integrated MSS system

For more information on Integrated MSS, see the Nokia Siemens Networks
MSC Server product description.

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1.3

CDS in the Standalone MSC Server (MSS)

The Standalone MSS is a network element that does not have user plane
connections.
The Standalone MSS basically offers the GSM intelligence or the control plane,
and the user plane is transported through the MGW.
In this system the CDS must be used for the CS data calls requiring the
Interworking Functionality (IWF).

Figure 2 CDS in the Standalone MSS system

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1.4

CDS shared by the Multimedia Gateways (MGW)

To optimise the Interworking Functionality (IWF) resources in the network, the
operator can share the use of the CDS among several MGWs.

Figure 3 CDS shared by MGWs

In the figure above the CDS is located on the MGW1 site. The MSS controls the
CDS through MGW1 or MGW2 depending on where the data calls come from.
The controlling interface between the MSS and the MGW is a standard
H.248/Megaco, whereas the interface between the MGW and the CDS consists
of a Nokia Siemens Networks proprietary control interface over TCP/IP (NPI)
and the user plane from the MGW to the CDS is TDM PCMs (E1/T1).

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1.5

CDS benefits
The CDS provides modularity and scalability both on the network and Network
Element (NE) level.
On the network level the CDS is used by several MGWs because it is not
physically integrated in any particular MGW. This provides scalability on the
network level.
The CDS NE itself comes in different sizes and provides the modularity and
scalability on the NE level.
Because of the network and NE level scalability the operator configures the
network for CS data calls according to the exact needs. The platform is modular
by nature and therefore allows the operator to start with a smaller configuration
and increase the capacity later as necessary.
Because several CDSs can be connected to one MGW, the operator provides
load sharing and redundancy which eliminate a single point of failure situation
which might occur if only one Interworking Functionality (IWF) is used for all CS
data calls.
Modular Structure
The CDS is designed with a modular structure enabling a distributed processing
architecture.
This makes the network elements easier to install to suit any network size and
eliminates the need to over-invest in hardware at the network start-up.
Low power consumption and ease of installation are achieved with compact
design and highly integrated components, which also facilitates expansion as
the network grows.
For more information on the modular structure of the CDS, see Engineering for
Circuit Switched Data Server (CDS).
Scalability
It is important for the operator to optimally dimension their networks, as well as
all the individual network elements.
To support this principle, the CDS is designed so that it is not physically tied to
any particular MGW but can be connected to several MGWs to provide optimal
IWF functionality on the network level.
Additionally, the CDS is fully scalable from small configurations (224 data
channels per CDS) to large ones (1,792 data channels per CDS). The CDS is
compact in size even with the maximum configuration, which is an important
factor when the operators want to keep their fixed costs at a minimum level.
Reliability
As with any product, reliability is a consumer requirement. The DX MSC
technology is used as a basis in the CDS. In the products available today and in
the future products Nokia Siemens Networks provides an extremely high rate of

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reliability and availability of network elements, by backing up functional units as

well as software with redundancy techniques such as 2N or N+1.
To increase reliability the operator can connect more than one CDSs to an
MGW. If, for instance, there are two CDSs connected to an MGW, the operator
can share the load of the CS data calls between these two CDSs. If one of the
CDSs goes down then the other one can be used to provide the IWF
functionality for the CS data calls without any service interruption.

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CDS functionality
The CDS provides the same interworking functionality as the integrated IWF
functionality.
It is logically part of the MGW user plane but it is a separate network element
that is connected to the MGW.
The functions of the CDS depend on the services and the type of the fixed
network. The CDS is required to convert the protocols used in the PLMN to
those used in the appropriate fixed network. The CDS is not used when the
service implementation in the PLMN is directly compatible with that of the fixed
network (for example, 56/64 kbit/s transparent data services).
The typical services requiring the use of interworking functionality are:
non-transparent Asynchronous bearer services
transparent synchronous bearer services requiring rate adaptation
transparent facsimile group 3 teleservice
High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD) services
14.4 kbit/s data traffic channel
V.42bis data compression and compression on V.120
asymmetric data connection
H.324 multimedia modem calls
data call handovers between 3G and 2G
The interworking functionality is not used with the following services:
32 kbit/s transparent data service (rate adaptation in the MGW)
56/64 kbit/s transparent data services
H.324 multimedia Unrestricted Digital Information/Restricted Digital
Information
(UDI/RDI) calls

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CDS interfaces
At the higher level, the CS data call connections are controlled by the MSS
which uses the device control protocol H.248/Mecago to establish the
necessary terminations and connections in the MGW.
According to the instructions received from the MSS through H.248/Mecago, the
MGW connects the User Plane (UP) to the CDS and controls the CDS as
shown in the following figure. The user plane interface (TDM UP in the figure) is
a TDM interface and the control plane is a Nokia Siemens Networks propriety
interface over Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) or TCP/IP (NPI
CP in the figure).

Figure 4 MSS-MGW and CDS-MGW interface

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CDS hardware architecture

The CDS hardware is based on the i-series Nokia Siemens Networks DX 200
platform and it uses Intel Pentium embedded processors.
The possibility to build different modular CDSs according to capacity
requirements is a good example of the versatility of the hardware architecture.

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4.1

CDS architecture
The CDS consists of the Compact Data Service Units (CDSU) connected to the
Group Switch (GSW). The CDSUs are controlled from the CMM (Central
Memory and Marker combined) where the AS7 cards are also located. The
measurement functions are integrated in the Operation and Maintenance Unit
(OMU). The E1/T1 interface is used for the user plane coming from the MGW.
The Local Area Network (LAN) interface is used for the O&M and for the
propriety control signalling between the MGWs and the General Signalling Unit
(GSU).

Figure 5 Hardware configuration of the CDS

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4.2

Functional units in the CDS

From the hardware point of view a Functional Unit is a set of plug-in units that
are inserted into one cartridge. From the software point of view a Functional
Unit performs a set of operations that from the network element configuration
viewpoint can be seen as one entity. This allows flexible hardware
configurations that ensure optimal use of floor space.
The CDS functional units are briefly described in Table Functional units in the
CDS.
For a detailed description of the units, see Engineering for Circuit Switched
Data Server (CDS).
Functional unit Description
Central Memory and Marker (CMM) The central memory handles the routing
functions. The Marker controls and supervises the GSW, hunts for free circuits
and is responsible for establishing and releasing all connections.
Clock and Alarm Buffer Unit (CLBU) The duplicated CLBUs distribute the clock
signals (generated by the CLSUs) to the units in the same cabinet. The CLBU
also collects the wired alarms from the units whose timing it handles and
transfers them further to the OMU.
Clock System Unit (CLSU) CLSUs generate the clock signals, necessary for
synchronising the functions of the CLS, and transmit them further to the CLBU
units in the other cabinets.
Compact Data Service Unit (CDSU) The CDSU offers standard circuit switched
data services, which include modem-based digital connections towards the
PSTN and digital connections towards the ISDN.
General Signalling Unit (GSU) The GSU takes care of the data call control
functions in the CDS and interfaces with the CM and M (CMM), Group Switch
(GSW) and the LAN unit.
Exchange terminal (ET) The ET performs the electrical synchronization and
adaptation of an external PCM line.
Group Switch 512 (GSW 512) The GSW is the switching fabric of the CDS. It is
controlled by the CMM and performs the switching of data calls coming from the
MGW through the PCM circuits.
LAN Switch Unit (LANU) The LAN switches are used to collect control-plane
traffic between different cabinets and it provides the external interface for the
O&M and for the proprietary control signalling between the MGW and the CDS.
Message Bus (MB) The duplicated MB has a transfer rate of 32 Mbytes/s and it
is controlled by the
Message Bus Interface plug-in units (MBIF-B).

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Functional unit

Description

Central Memory and

Marker (CMM)

The central memory handles the routing functions. The

Marker controls and supervises the GSW, hunts for free
circuits and is responsible for establishing and releasing all
connections.

Clock and Alarm Buffer

Unit (CLBU)

The duplicated CLBUs distribute the clock signals (generated

by the CLSUs) to the units in the same cabinet. The CLBU
also collects the wired alarms from the units whose timing it
handles and transfers them further to the OMU.

Clock System Unit

(CLSU)

CLSUs generate the clock signals, necessary for

synchronising the functions of the CLS, and transmit them
further to the CLBU units in the other cabinets.

Compact Data Service

Unit (CDSU)

The CDSU offers standard circuit switched data services,

which include modem-based digital connections towards the
PSTN and digital connections towards the ISDN.

General Signalling Unit

(GSU)

The GSU takes care of the data call control functions in the
CDS and interfaces with the CM and M (CMM), Group Switch
(GSW) and the LAN unit.

Exchange terminal (ET)

The ET performs the electrical synchronization and

adaptation of an external PCM line.

Group Switch 512 (GSW

512)

The GSW is the switching fabric of the CDS. It is controlled by

the CMM and performs the switching of data calls coming
from the MGW through the PCM circuits.

LAN Switch Unit (LANU)

The LAN switches are used to collect control-plane traffic

between different cabinets and it provides the external
interface for the O&M and for the proprietary control signalling
between the MGW and the CDS.

Message Bus (MB)

The duplicated MB has a transfer rate of 32 Mbytes/s and it is

controlled by the Message Bus Interface plug-in units (MBIFB).

Operation and
Maintenance Unit (OMU)

The OMU acts as an interface between the user and the

system. It is used for local operations and maintenance
purposes, for controlling application configuration and system
files, starting tests, traffic measurements, and statistics.

Table 1 Functional units in the CDS.

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4.3

CDS redundancy principles

Reliability is one of the most important considerations when investing in any product and
Nokia Siemens Networks provides an extremely high rate of reliability with the Network
Subsystem (NSS) network elements by backing up every crucial part of the system.
To ensure reliability, different back-up techniques are used depending on the particular
element. Furthermore, each backed-up functional unit receives its power supply from
separate DC/DC converters or from the power source of each card. The operation of the
system is also continuously supervised so the backup can be in use quickly if a fault
occurs. These methods are used in supervising the system and ensuring proper
operation.
Different back-up techniques are used depending on the situation. Some functional units
are backed-up either by full duplication (2N), or by the N+1 redundancy principle so that
there are more functional units available than traffic requires.
The redundancy of the different units of the CDS is shown in Table Redundancy
methods of the CDS.
The Compact Data Service Unit (CDSU) data pools have no redundancy as such, for
more information see Engineering for Circuit Switched Data Server (CDS). To ensure
backup, the CDS should always have at least two pools of the same kind housed in
cartridges with voltage inputs from different Power Distribution Fuse Units (PDFU). For
more information on PDFU-A, see Engineering for Circuit Switched Data Server (CDS).
The redundancy of small data pools (under 32 channels) is achieved, for example, by
configuring two first pools as General Pools (CDSU), which support all data call types.
Operation and Maintenance Unit (OMU) The OMU acts as an interface between the user
and the system. It is used for local operations and maintenance purposes, for controlling
application configuration and system files, starting tests, traffic measurements, and
statistics.

Unit
GSU
CMM
OMU
GSW
CLSU
CLBU
LANU
MB

Redundancy
N+1
2N
2N
2N
2N
2N
2N
2N

Table 2 Redundancy methods of the CDS

To ensure redundancy for the ET2 plug-in units, it is recommended that the Exchange
Terminals (ET) interfacing PCMs to the same direction are installed in cartridges or slots
fed by different PDFUs.
For more information, see Engineering for Circuit Switched Data Server (CDS).

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4.4

CDS availability
The system is designed to meet the demanding availability requirements
according to ITU-T recommendation guidelines. The calculations describe the
system from the availability point of view - presenting availability, mean
downtime values, and mean operating time between system failures. The
calculations are based on mathematical modelling and are the result of using
reliability block diagrams of the system, failure definitions used, plug-in unit
failure intensities, maintainability data, and the rules of probability theory.
Simplicity and speed of the maintenance procedures are important
considerations for the availability of the system. Maintenance is improved by the
modular structure of the equipment, automatic fault detection procedures, and
elimination of downtime by using efficient redundancy methods.
CDS HW and SW attributable unavailability (=System Outage
Performance)
Based on the latest field data of CDS product quality, six months rolling sum of
the total and major software and hardware outages is under the Bellcore
Telecom standard 2 Minutes/Network Element/Year. The six months rolling
sum is calculated as a sum of the latest six months period.

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4.5

CDS mechanical design and power supply

Cabinets
From the M12 release onwards, the CDS is housed in an IPC209-A forced
ventilation cabinet. The cabinet types used in the CDS are:
The base configuration contains one IP Cabinet C (IPCC), one cabling cabinet,
and one Interworking Cabinet (IWC). The capacity of the CDS can be extended
with three additional IWF cabinets. For more information on CDS cabinets, see
Engineering for Circuit Switched Data Server (CDS).
The dimensions of the cabinet types are the following:
IPCC 2000 x 1200 x 600 mm (78.8 x 47.3 x 23.6 in)
IWC 2000 x 900 x 600 mm (78.8 x 35.5 x 23.6 in)
The depth of the cabinet doors is included in the depth measure.

BASE
IWC

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Table 3 CDS cabinet

types
Figure 6 CDS cabinet types

Cartridges
In the design of the cartridges special attention has been paid to durability even
under demanding conditions, along with dimensioning for optimal use of space.
One cartridge usually contains the equipment of one Functional Unit.
For more information on cartridges in the CDS, see Engineering for Circuit
Switched Data Server (CDS).

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Plug-in units
The printed circuit boards of the plug-in units are multilayered and covered with
a protective coating for easy handling and protection against scratches. High
quality Hard Metric connectors, which are designed in accordance with the IEC
1076-4-101 standard and Standard Euro connectors are used. Both surface and
hole-mounted components are used.
For more information on plug-in units in the CDS, see Engineering for Circuit
Switched Data Server (CDS).
Power supply
The power supply is distributed from the rectifier system and the batteries
through the PDFU to the cartridges, through the distribution cables. The PDFU
also contains fuses for the internal distribution cables of the cabinet and alarm
circuits for the incoming voltages, plus its own fuses. An alarm is generated if a
failure occurs.
For more information, see Engineering for Circuit Switched Data Server (CDS).

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4.6

Capacity of the CDS

Maximum capacity
The maximum capacity of the CDS is 1792 CS data channels, achieved with a
base configuration of one base cabinet and three Interworking (IWC) extension
cabinets.
For more information on the dimensions and the capacity of the CDS, see
Engineering for Circuit Switched Data Server (CDS).
Scalability of capacity
The capacity of the CDS is scalable from 224 CS data channels to 1792 CS
data channels.
The required hardware configuration and the corresponding call handling
capacity are presented in Table CDS data call handling capacity.
*) IWF cabinet half equipped
In the ANSI environment the maximum number of data channels is 1536.
Connectivity capacity
One CDS can be connected to several MGWs that can be connected to one
CDS. The theoretical maximum for the MGWs that can be connected to the
CDS is 100. Additionally there can be up to 100 CDSs connected to one MGW.

CDS configuration
Base configuration *)
Base configuration
Base configuration + 1
IWF ext. cabinet
Base configuration + 2
IWF ext. cabinets
Base configuration + 3
IWF ext. cabinets

Call Handling Capacity

224 data channels
448 data channels
896 data channels
1344 data channels
1792 data channels

Table 4 CDS data call handling capacity

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4.7

Typical power consumption of the CDS

The typical power consumption values for fully equipped CDS cabinets are:
Power consumption
The typical estimated power consumption values for the different configurations
of the CDS are:
The typical power consumption values for the CDS minimum and maximum
configurations:

Cabinet
IPCC
IWC

Power consumption
1200 W
1100 W

Table 5 Power consumption of the CDS cabinets.

Cabinet
min
2 cabinets
max
5 cabinets

IPCC
1 pc
1200 W
1 pc
1200 W

IWC
1 pc
1100 W
4 pc
4400 W

Sum power
2300 W
5600 W

Table 6 Power consumption of the CDS minimum and maximum configurations.

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Site requirements for the CDS

This section describes the exchange room layout and some basic requirements
for the premises. For more information on the cables and cable structures, see
Engineering for Circuit Switched Data Server (CDS).

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5.1

Exchange room layout

When the equipment room houses the both DX 200 and IPA2800 network
elements, the recommended minimum distances for the cabinet rows are the
following:
700 mm (27.6 in) between IPA2800 network element cabinet rows.
800 mm (31.5 in) between IPA2800 network element cabinet rows and Nokia
Siemens Networks DX 200 network element cabinet rows.
In addition, each cabinet should be located in the equipment room with at least
500 mm (20 in) between the end of a cabinet row and the wall.
The IC209-A cabinets are dimensioned according to ETSI recommendations
and they are suitable for raised-floor installations with standard 300 mm 300
mm modules.
In layout planning, the following aspects should be considered:
cable structures for the power supply and PCM circuit cables
room for expansion cabinets
maintenance passages (at least 1200 mm or 3.9 ft wide; passage for
expansion material)
free space above the cabinet rows (height at least 500 mm, or 20 in)
the cabinets must be lined up in a single row in order from the left to right or
alternatively from right to left ('mirror image layout')
no pillars or other support structures are allowed within the free area around
the cabinets

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5.2

Cable structures
Cables of peripheral devices
The connectors for the Visual Display Units (VDU) and Line Printers (LPT) used
for temporary service operations are on the front panels of the CPU plug-in
units. The cables connect to RJ45 connectors.
The permanent VDU and LPT connections for monitoring the operations of the
units are made through the connector panels in the IPCC cabinet.
PCM trunk distribution frame
Distribution frames are not system-specific and are therefore not discussed
here.
Cable shelves
The DX 200 system construction does not comprise actual cable shelves. Only
the cable conduits between the cabinet rows are part of the mechanical
structure. The cable support construction arrangements for the external cables
are decided upon by the customer individually.

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Appendix

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References
1.

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Glossary

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Index

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