TUTORIAL SHEET FOR SWITCHGEAR AND INDUSTRIAL PROTECTION

Sheet-1
Q1. Two generators A & B are similar and rated 10.5 kV, 15 MVA and hence
transient reactance of 35% at own base. The transformers are also identical and
are rated 10.5/11 kV, 7.5 MVA and have a reactance of 6% to their own base
kVA. The tie line is 75 km and each conductor has a reactance of 0.9 /km. A
symmetrical 3-phase fault occurs at a point 35 km from station A. Find the shortcircuit current.

Ans. [3233 A]

Q2. A 4 bus system has been shown in fig. Assuming a symmetrical 3-phase
fault current occurs at point F, calculate the fault MVA. The per unit reactances
given on the fig. refer to a base of 100 MVA.

Ans. [1408.45 MVA]

TUTORIAL SHEET FOR SWITCHGEAR AND INDUSTRIAL PROTECTION

Sheet-1
Q3. Each of the generators G 1 & G2 as shown in the fig. is rated at 100 MVA, 11
kV and sub-transient reactances of 20%. Each of the transformers is rated at 100
MVA, 11/132 kV and the leakage reactance of 5%. If all the three transmission
lines have equal reactance of 0.2 /phase/km and are 100 km long. Calculate the
fault current and fault MVA for a 3 phase symmetrical fault at bus 3.

Ans. [2403 A, 549.45 MVA]

Q4. A small generating station has two alternators of 3.0 MVA and 6.0 MVA with
percentage reactances of 9.0 & 7.0 respectively. The circuit breakers are rated
175 MVA. Due to increase in system load, it is intended to extend the system by
a supply from grid through transformer of 10 MVA rating with 8.0% reactance. If
the system voltage is 3.3 kV, find the reactance necessary to protect the
switchgears. The overall scheme is shown in fig.

Ans. [j0.133 ]

TUTORIAL SHEET FOR SWITCHGEAR AND INDUSTRIAL PROTECTION

Sheet-1

Q5. A generating station consists of four 100 MVA, 0.2 pu alternators, which are
connected in ring through four reactors of 0.6 pu, based on 100 MVA. Neglecting
the resistance, determine the fault MVA for a 3-phase fault at point F, as shown
in fig.

Ans. [676.1325 MVA]

Q6. A generating station is feeding a 132 kV system as shown in the fig.,

determine the total fault current, fault MVA (fault level) and fault current supplied
by each generator for a 3-phase fault at the receiving end bus. The line is 200
km long.

TUTORIAL SHEET FOR SWITCHGEAR AND INDUSTRIAL PROTECTION

Sheet-1
Ans. [19992-90 A, 380.9 MVA, 11799-90, 8193-90]

Q7. A generating station, consisting of 3 alternators is feeding a132 kV system

with two parallel lines as shown in the fig., determine the total fault current, fault
level and fault current supplied by each alternators for a 3-phase fault at the
receiving end bus. Each transmission line is 100 km long.

Ans. [4585.1 A, 1048.2 MVA, 18340 A]

Q8. Two 3-phase 11 kV generators of capacities 8 MVA and 4 MVA and sub
transient reactances of 8% and 4% respectively operate in parallel. The
generating station is connected to a transmission line of 200 km length, through
a step-up transformer of capacity 4 MVA, and having percentage reactance of
3.5%. The resistance and reactance of the transmission line per km of its length
are 0.025 and 0.1 respectively and it operates at 66 kV. Calculate the shortcircuit MVA for a phase-to-phase faults at the receiving end of the transmission
line and at the sending end.

TUTORIAL SHEET FOR SWITCHGEAR AND INDUSTRIAL PROTECTION

Sheet-1

Ans. [72.73 lagging, 54.4]

Q9. Two generators A and B are identical and rated 11kV, 10 MVA and have a
transient reactance of 20% at their own MVA base. Two transformers T 1 and T2
are also identical and are rated 5 MVA, 11/66 kV and have a reactance of 5% at
their own MVA base. The tie line is 100 km long and has a reactance of 0.1 /km.
A 3-phase fault occurs at a distance of 25 km from one end of the line when the
system is on no load but at rated voltage. Determine fault MVA and fault current.

Ans. [64.3 MVA, 562 A]

Q10. Fig. shows a generating station feeding power to a 132 kV system.

Determine the total fault current, fault level and fault current supplied by each
alternator for a 3-phase fault at the receiving end bus. The line is 200 km long.

TUTORIAL SHEET FOR SWITCHGEAR AND INDUSTRIAL PROTECTION

Sheet-1

Ans. [19992-900 A, 380.9 MVA, 11799-900 A, 8193-900 A]

Q11. In the power system shown in fig below, the values marked are the per unit
reactances taking 20 MVA and 11 kV as base values in the generator circuit. Both
the transformers are rated for 11/110 kV. A three phase to ground fault with a
fault impedance of j0.088 pu occurs at bus 2. Determine the actual values of
fault current and the currents supplied by the generators.

Ans. [2644-900 A, 1548-900 A, 1096-900 A]

Q12. The four generators are interconnected as shown in fig. below. All the
reactances are referred to their respective MVA and all the generators are solidly
earthed. Calculate the short-circuit MVA if there is a 3-phase short-circuit at point
F.

TUTORIAL SHEET FOR SWITCHGEAR AND INDUSTRIAL PROTECTION

Sheet-1

Ans. [1280 MVA]

Q13. A 100 MVA generator with 10% reactance and a 200 MVA generator with
8% reactance (reactances on their own bases) are connected as shown in fig.
below. The fault level on bus 1 is to be restricted to 1500 MVA. Calculate, on 100
MVA base (i) the reactance of bus-bar reactor X (ii) fault level of bus 2 and (iii)
MVA rating of circuit breaker C.

TUTORIAL SHEET FOR SWITCHGEAR AND INDUSTRIAL PROTECTION

Sheet-1

Ans. [j0.16 pu, 2885 MVA, 461.6 MVA]

Q14. A station operating at 33 kV is divided in to sections A and B. Section A

consists of three generators 15 MVA each having a reactance of 15% and section
B is fed from the grid through a 75 MVA transformer of 8% reactance. The circuit
breakers have each a rupturing capacity of 750 MVA. Determine the reactance of
the reactor to prevent the breakers being overloaded if a symmetrical shortcircuit occurs on an outgoing feeder connected to A.

Ans. [j1.2584 ]