DISASTER RESOURCE

GUIDE
Spring 2007
FIVE DOLLARS

GUIDE
DISASTER RESOURCE
SATELLITE Strategies
for Disaster Recovery & Business Continuity
Published in conjunction with

FOR SAtellites

F i r st Q ua r te r 2 0 0 7 F I V E   D O LL A R S
 Your network’s covered.
No matter what.

With Access Continuity from HUGHES,

your network will be fully operational, rain or shine.
Businesses need to stay up and running no matter what. That’s why we offer a satellite-based
backup solution you can rely on. If terrestrial systems fail, critical applications won’t. Only
Access Continuity from HUGHES offers a dependable, alternate transport path – whether set up
as an overlay to your existing terrestrial system, or as part of our Managed Network Services.
Count on Access Continuity for the highest network availability – so you can keep on serving the
people who count on you.

Call 1-866-240-3875
for more information on Access Continuity.
www.hughes.com

© 2007 Hughes Network Systems, LLC. All rights reserved. HUGHES is a trademark of Hughes Network Systems, LLC.
Life, Death & the Business Case
For Disaster Recovery, Business Continuity and Emergency Management
Harsh lessons continue to be learned in the aftermath
of 9/11, Rita, Katrina, Pakistan’s earthquake and the
Asian tsunami. The 2007 cyclone and hurricane seasons
are getting underway in the Pacific and Gulf of Mexico.
And threats to business continuity are not limited to large
disasters – a simple cut of a fiber optic cable can stop all
communications between offices if there is no backup for
the land lines. For 12 years the Disaster Resource GUIDE
has brought together thousands of resources for BC and
DR professionals worldwide to address these threats.
This first quarter edition of the Disaster Resource GUIDE
is a collaboration between the GVF (the Global VSAT Forum)
and the GUIDE to provide an information resource that
shows how satellite communications can be applied to
prepare for and respond to disasters… whether they
are natural or man-made. Further, this publication is
designed to facilitate contingency planners’ and emergency
managers’ efforts to cost effectively integrate satellite
communications into their operational plans.
This edition of the GUIDE builds upon the dialogue
established in recent years during the annual GVF
Disaster Recovery Satellite Summit, where business
continuity professionals, government officials, executives
of humanitarian & aid agencies, non-government
organizations, and telecom service providers have
identified key priorities needed to advance the delivery
of satellite-based disaster recovery and emergency
management solutions.
What they have learned in recent years is increasingly
clear: Pre-positioning of satellite communications
systems needs to be included in operational plans for
both businesses and government agencies. Return on
About the GVF
GVF is the international non-profit association of the satellite communications sector. It brings together organizations engaged in the delivery of
advanced broadband and narrowband satellite services to consumers, and commercial and government enterprises worldwide. Headquartered in
London, GVF is an independent, non-partisan organization with 200 members from more than 90 countries. More info is available at www.gvf.org
investment can be achieved through multi-purpose and
shared satellite networks. Improved regulatory approaches
are at hand. Interoperability is achievable. And much more.
Meanwhile, satellite communications have never been
better suited to cost-effectively address communications
requirements for mission-critical applications using
terrestrial networks which are vulnerable to disruption.
Costs of satellite-related hardware have plummeted in the
past 10 years and satellite bandwidth costs have also been
reduced. So: How, when, where and why can business
continuity and emergency management professionals
collaborate with the satellite industry to increase effective
network deployment and stimulate market growth?
This publication includes case studies from leading
satellite communications companies, and reveals exactly
how satellites are being used to prevent or mitigate
catastrophic loss.
When networks are destroyed by natural catastrophes –
and indeed, when man-made disasters require a
rapid communications response – the management and
mitigation of emergency conditions often calls for immediate
deployment of satellite-based links. The needs of post-
Katrina southern United States, post-Tsunami Asia, and
famine-ridden Darfur clearly demonstrate this. But just as
clear has been the realisation that stronger coordination is
needed between the private sector and those organisations
charged with restoring order. This GUIDE will explore what
has been learned and the implications for future disaster
recovery and mitigation efforts.
Dave Hartshorn Tommy Rainey
Secretary General Executive Publisher
The Global VSAT Forum Disaster Resource GUIDE
F r o m the P ub l isher
S ate l l ite S trategies

 DISASTER RESOURCE

GUIDE
First Quarter 2007 • Volume 11 • Issue 3
Satellite Strategies
For Disaster Recovery & Business Continuity
A publication of the Disaster Resource Guide in conjunction with

6 A
 n Overview of the Business Continuity, Disaster Recovery
& Emergency Management Environment: The Communications
Imperative
b y A n drea M a l eter a n d D avid H artsh o r n

11 Satellite Phones: Critical communication tools

12 S atellite Communications: An Essential Tool

for Emergency Responders
B y G regg S wa n s o n

6 15 T
 he Return on Investment: Satellite Communications –
Vital Resource for Business Success
B y M arti n J arr o l d

17 S tate of California Emergency Response Network – A Case Study

B y D r . S . R am C ha n dra n

20 C
 an BC Planners Justify the Expense of Satellites?
A hybrid network can be cheaper than you think!
A n I n terview with S tefa n J ucke n
B y T o mm y R ai n e y

15

24 S atellite-Based Business
Continuity and Disaster Recovery Solutions Go Mainstream
B y B ria n S kimm o n s

26 E
 ssential Guidelines:
“So, how must I plan my satellite connection?” & other FAQs
B y J o h n F e n e ly a n d M arti n J arr o l d

30 I nstalling a Satellite Network:

How to get the right training resources in your “neighborhood”
B y M arti n J arr o l d a n d R a l ph B r o o ker
( A dapted fr o m a S at P r o f & G V F W hite Paper )

20 34 H
 ughesNet Access Continuity Brings Rountree Automotive’s
Tab l e o f C o n te n ts

IT Staff Peace of Mind

36 Building Mobile Emergency Response Vehicles

with Satellite Connectivity: What To Know
B y D avid M y ers a n d J effre y C ar l
D isaster R es o urce G uide

38 Ad Index & Resources

26
On the Web Visit the Online GUIDE for more resources. www.disaster-resource.com
• Crisis & Emergency Management • Disaster Recovery • Business Continuity


I D IRECT PROVIDES CRITICAL COMMUNICATIONS SUPPOR T TO
THE A MERICAN R ED C ROSS IN THE G ULF REGION
The Customer Challenge
In the wake of Hurricane Katrina, the American Red Cross’s ability to coordinate relief and serve
thousands of displaced people, and even entire communities, was critical to its emergency
response efforts.

In order to connect teams of workers at emergency shelters throughout Louisiana, the Red Cross
required a communications system that could be deployed quickly while bypassing the existing
terrestrial infrastructure, which had been either heavily damaged or completely destroyed by the www.idirect.net
hurricane and subsequent levee breach.
Additionally, the network needed to be able to do all of the following:
• Easily scale to meet growing needs during the relief effort
• Quickly extend its reach to any geographical location
• Offer user-friendly configuration, management, and maintenance
• Provide a small footprint for easy transport

Beyond its most immediate needs, the Red Cross wanted a robust and flexible communications
network that could support voice, data, and video applications in any type of environment for all
of its disaster relief services going forward.

The iDirect Solution

Within 36 hours, iDirect provided the Red Cross with a fully operational satellite-based broad-
band access solution, which was instrumental in facilitating communications and service delivery
to 30 Red Cross shelters across Louisiana.

Providing end-to-end IP services over satellite, the iDirect system operates independently of the
existing terrestrial infrastructure and can be deployed quickly to any geographical location under
any conditions. Additionally, it can be easily configured to support any mix of voice, data, and
video services, as well as the full complement of IP-based applications.

The solution includes a single iNFINITI hub chassis installed at the Red Cross’s Falls Church, VA, “iDirect’s quick response allowed us to
teleport hub and 40 3100 satellite routers deployed at needed locations in the region. immediately begin serving families in
need across the Gulf region and its
From its teleport hub in Virginia, the Red Cross is able to configure, monitor, and control all re-
communications services continue to be
mote access sites, and even customize services to meet individual site requirements.
a key component of our success today,”
At the remote locations, satellite routers provide all the hardware and software needed to sup- said David Craig
port mission critical broadband applications. Each compact terminal provides a satellite modem, Director of Emergency Operations
IP router, TCP optimization over satellite, 3DES/AES encryption and QoS/prioritization. This user- at the American Red Cross.
friendly and reliable design allows Red Cross volunteers with little or no technical expertise to
easily set up and activate the system in the field.

Following the initial response effort, iDirect shipped an additional 40 3100 satellite routers to
expand the Red Cross’s reach into other affected areas in Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida.

Solution Overview
iDirect’s ability to deploy a satellite-based system that bypasses the existing terrestrial infrastruc-
ture while providing the same user experience as traditional networks enables the Red Cross to
deliver fast, effective emergency response services anywhere, anytime, and under any conditions.

The system’s centralized management combined with portable satellite routers allows response
teams to quickly adapt to any emergency situation where systems and services must be trans-
ported and configured on the fly. Additionally, because the iDirect system supports a full array
of broadband services, the system can be easily configured to meet the unique voice, data, and
video requirements of any location.

About iDirect Technologies

iDirect Technologies designs, develops, and markets the industry’s leading satellite-based broad-
band access solutions targeted at the enterprise, government, carrier and educational sectors
with the need for fast, flexible, and geographically dispersed two-way broadband access. To learn
more about iDirect Technologies, visit www.idirect.net or contact a disaster recovery solutions
expert at tplummer@idirect.net or by phone at 703.648.8064.
 An Overview of the Business Continuity, Disaster
Recovery & Emergency Management Environment:
The Communications Imperative
b y A n drea M ale t er a n d D avid Har t s h or n f r o m a n o r i g i n a l w h i t e p a p e r

The regular and frequent
occurrence of natural
disasters of various types
is an all-too-well known
factor around the globe.
This is an accepted, if unfortunate,
part of everyday life for many mil-
lions of people, and – particularly in
the US – many millions of tax dol-
lars are expended seeking to predict
such events, and to thus mitigate
their damaging consequences through
the application of disaster recovery,
emergency management and business
continuity procedures and programs.
Increasingly, it is recognized that
the most effective application of such
procedures and programs is depen-
dent upon the deployment of wireless
communications which facilitate the
coordinated movement of logistical,
rescue and first responder resources
into, and within, regions threatened
by – or recovering from – a disaster
situation.
Of course, similar considerations
apply to disasters which are man-made,
but contained within the focus of this
article are a number of illustrations of
naturally occurring phenomena which
bring with them both threat to life and
limb, and which have economic conse-
quences for individual towns and cities
or an entire geographic region.
For example, Figures 1 and 2 exam-
D isaster R es o urce G uide
In addition, recent earthquakes – and
events such as the Indian Ocean tsu-
nami – have brought with them major
human catastrophes and debilitating
consequences for societal and economic
infrastructures. In the United States
experts believe that it is inevitable that
a future earthquake will at some time
hit the highly populous west coast, but
unlike hurricanes – and some other
weather related incidents – the fore-
warning of major seismic activity has
not yet been accurately accomplished.
In consequence of this, the need for
a constant state of readiness, together
with very clear preparation and plan-
ning for the imperative contribution of
emergency communications platforms
and channels is so much more critical.
The United States Geological Survey
(USGS) has reported the broad extent
of earthquake activity on a state by
state basis for the period 1974 to 2003,
with 20 states experiencing events in
this timeframe. During one week in
February, 2006, California alone expe-
rienced 224 earthquake events, some
up to a magnitude of 4.0.
As noted above, given that in all such
disaster situations the first imperative is
communications connectivity, it is essen-
tial to understand how various alternative
communications platforms will – or will
not – be able to provide the neces-
sary communications channels to support
recovery and mitigation initiatives.
The Satellite Communications
Imperative
Terrestrial wireless equipment (e.g. cel-
lular phones, land mobile radios, etc.)
is only useful when communications
towers and other fixed equipment are
in place to connect wireless equipment
to the local and global communications
backbone. In the majority of emergency
situations, this infrastructure has either
been destroyed or damaged as a conse-

ine the period between 1980 and

2004, using data from the Nation-
al Oceanographic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) to identify
US weather-related disasters, each of
which caused damage in excess of a
billion dollars.
Figure 1


Figure 2
quence of the disaster – as was the case
in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina
– or was not available before the disas-
ter – as was the case in Pakistan when
a major earthquake struck. It is this
reality which makes it critical for local
government and emergency workers to
have access to a wireless communications
network that operates independently of
terrestrial infrastructure.
Satellite communications provide such
a solution. Satellites offer the only wire-
less communications infrastructure that
is not susceptible to damage from disas-
ters, simply because the main repeating
equipment which sends and receives
communications signals (located on the
spacecraft) are located outside of the
Earth’s atmosphere, either in geosta-
tionary orbit (GEO satellites) or in low
Earth orbit (LEO satellites).
The former, GEO satellites, orbit at an
altitude of 36,000 kilometers (22,000
miles) above the Earth. At this altitude
they occupy a fixed position relative to
a given point on the Earth’s surface and
can provide communications services for organizations and the general public.
a single country or an entire region cov-
ering up to one-third of the entire globe.
GEO satellites are capable of providing
a full range of communications services,
including voice, video and broadband
data. They operate with ground equip-
ment ranging from very large fixed
gateway antennas down to fully mobile
terminals the size of a cellular phone.
There are currently almost 300 commer-
cially operated GEO satellites in orbit
operated by global, regional and national
satellite communications carriers.
Even before disasters occur, the net-
works supported by GEO satellites are
used all around the world to provide,
for example, seismic and flood-warn-
ing data to government agencies, thus
enabling early warning systems to pro-
vide advance information on impending
disaster, and facilitating the broadcast of
disaster-warning notices to widespread
populations. In addition, networks sup-
ported by GEO satellites provide for
general communication and information
flow between government agencies, relief
LEO satellites, on the other hand,
operate in orbits between 780 kilome-
ters and 1,500 kilometers (485 – 900
miles) altitude. Typically, LEO satel-
lite systems offer voice and low-speed
data communications, and operate with
handheld units about the size of a
large cellular phone. In common with
handheld terminals that rely on GEO
satellites, the highly portable nature of
LEO-based units makes them anoth-
er valuable satellite solution for first
responders in the field.
In order to most effectively utilize the
capabilities of these various systems,
government agencies, relief organiza-
tions and other first responders must
define in advance the kind of terminal
equipment they will need to meet the
objectives of their activities in the field
both before and after a given emergency
situation. This can be achieved, and
integrated into their overall emergen-
cy planning procedures and programs,
with a comprehensive understanding of
the different capabilities of the various
satellite system types described below.
Choosing the Right Satellite
System Alternative
Satellite technology is fully capable of
providing narrowband and broadband IP
communications – Internet, data, video,
or voice over IP (VoIP) – with data speeds
starting at 64 Kbps from handheld ter-
minals up to 4 Mbps bi-directional from
portable VSAT antennas. With fixed
terminal installations the bandwidth can
support up to 40 Mbps.
Handheld Mobile Solutions
In the immediate aftermath of a disaster
which renders destroyed or inoperable
a local, ground-based, communications
infrastructure, there is one reliable form
of communications that is immedi-
ately deployable – handheld satellite
telephone systems provided by mobile
satellite service (MSS) providers. Such
systems provide satellite communica-
tions access through small, cellular
phone sized devices, as well as pagers
S ate l l ite S trategies
and in-vehicle units. Satellite phone
rental can be as low as $40 per week,
and purchase prices range from $400
to about $2,000. As with any mobile
telephone system, connections are on
a per-minute billing basis, starting at
under a dollar a minute.
continued on page 8


Portable and Transportable Solutions
Terminals used for “communications
on the move” include equipment that
can be transported and operated from
inside a road vehicle, maritime ves-
sel, or fixed wing and rotary aircraft,
including commercial airplanes. This
kind of terminal is useful where high-
speed and data intensive connections
are required on an expedited basis for
damage assessment, medical evalu-
ation, or other applications where
voice, video and data are required in
combination. Depending on the satel-
lite system and the type of equipment
in use, these systems can typically be
made ready for operational use within
five to 30 minutes of arrival on site,
usually without the need for expert
technical staff. As with communi-
cations systems in general, higher
satellite terminal prices – whether
mobile, portable, or fixed – equate to
more robust services, greater levels of
D isaster R es o urce G uide
reliability, faster delivery, and a wider
range of features and options.
Fixed Satellite Solutions (FSS)
Fixed satellite service (FSS) terminals
are typically installed in situations
where the equipment is required

for periods of longer than one week,
including pre-disaster applications
(e.g. environmental monitoring, com-
munications redundancy, etc.) as well
as post-disaster recovery operations.
Such systems are configurable to
provide everything from low-speed
data transmissions up to very broad
bandwidth data and full broadcast-
quality video to replace local and
national infrastructure and services.
FSS systems must be installed by
qualified technicians, and to support
their installation and deployment sat-
ellite companies have developed an
industry-standard VSAT Installation
& Maintenance Training Certification
Program, more details of which are
provided elsewhere in this Guide, and
also under the “Training” section of
the homepage at www.gvf.org.
A Quick Guide to Procurement:
Bandwidth and Integration
There are a number of global satellite
carriers that operate fleets of GEO sat-
ellites. These provide fixed or portable
communications, although some are
also used for mobile services, includ-
ing those used on ships and aircraft.
There are also a large number of
Photo Courtesy of FEMA
regional and national satellite carriers
that provide FSS and portable servic-
es covering North & Latin America,
Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia
and Oceania. In addition there are
several operators of systems providing
service to handheld satellite phones
and pagers.
The emergency management com-
munity has a variety of choices for
obtaining access to these various sat-
ellite services, with handheld mobile
satellite systems being the simplest,
in keeping with the way the systems
work. All that is required is contact
with one of the many value-added
resellers to lease or purchase the equip-
ment and sign a service contract. These
suppliers can be readily located via the
Internet, and the handheld units can
be shipped on an expedited basis.
For portable and fixed services it is
possible to either contact the satellite
companies directly, or to work through
one of the wide range of network
integrators that provide end-to-end
communications services – including
fixed very small aperture terminals
(known as VSATs), and satellite band-
width access – on either a global,
regional or local basis. These com-
continued on page 10
There is a great demand for communica- antenna’s elevation, azimuth and polarity to Features:
tion from anywhere and at any time. This is espe-
cially true in remote areas, or wherever disaster
recovery teams or news organizations need to
get connected to send or receive data to other
locations. In these circumstances, satellite is the
only reliable communication method. However,
traditional satellite solutions would require sig-
nificant time and effort to install a 1.2 m satellite
antenna. Also most solutions would require prior
training for proper installation.
Introducing Pure Mobility, the revolution-
ary self-deploying 2-way satellite communication
system for people on the go and in need of quick
setup. EgyptSat now offers this high-tech, fully-
integrated communication solution. With Pure
Mobility installed on the roof of a car, users now
have the ability to get connected from remote
locations with functionality similar to central
offices.
Once the car comes to a stop, an intelligent
microprocessor system, along with an integrated
GPS sensor, will measure the latitude and longi-
tude position of the car and an accurate elec-
tronic compass will measure the orientation of
the car. Then the pointing parameters will be pre-
cisely calculated. In seconds, the microproces-
sor will control three motors to adjust the satellite
accurately point and fine tune the antenna to • 1.2 m Tx/Rx satellite antenna.
the satellite. • 3 W KU-Band BUC and LNB.
• Built-in control system with GPS, digital
Stuffed with many advanced features, Pure compass, 2 lines LCD and remote control (no
Mobility is the only solution for critical missions.
need for a PC).
Pure Mobility has been designed to be totally
• Built-in iNFINITY iDirect Satellite modem.
power independent. With the surface-mounted,
• Built-in wireless router supporting 500 square
high efficiency solar cell there is no need for an
meters WiFi coverage.
external power supply. Also, an advanced built-in
• Built-in 12V battery for self power.
inversion system can provide external equipment
• High efficiency solar cell for independent
with a 220V electrical supply from the solar
charging.
energy generated and stored in an integrated
• 12V to 220V inverter to power external devices.
high current battery.
• Two WiFi VoIP handsets.
• PTZ 22X optical zoom high speed dome
As for communication, Pure Mobility
camera with IR light and automatic object
comes with a built-in satellite modem that offers
tracking for video conferencing and disaster
9 mbps on the receive side and 1 mbps on the
recovery.
send side. A built-in WiFi router provides mobile
• Built-in speaker and microphone for video
wireless data and Internet connectivity at a
conferencing.
distance of 50 m from the car. Two WiFi tele-
• Aerodynamic fiberglass case.
phone handsets are supplied with the system to
offer global voice communication.
An advanced object tracking, high speed
dome camera is fitted to the front of the system
with 22X optical zoom and 10X digital zoom. The
camera features powerful IR light detection
S ate l l ite S trategies
which makes it capable of capturing high quality
video on dark nights at a distance of 40 m.

 panies are often registered with local
telecommunications regulatory agen-
cies, and most are members of the
GVF. To access the GVF Interactive
Online Industry Directory (for more
information, see below), please go to
www.gvf.org and click on the “Mem-
bers” button.
A Quick Guide to Procurement:
Other Services
As noted above, and explored in detail
elsewhere in this Guide, long-term plan-
ning for disaster mitigation can be well
supported by satellite-based network-
ing. Fully redundant communications
networks supported by back-up satellite
solutions are one of the most effective
means of ensuring operational continu-
ity throughout any emergency.
To support the ongoing efforts of
the disaster recovery and emergency
management communities in their
endeavors, GVF facilitates contact
with international satellite commu-
nications companies, and offers the
following services:
D isaster R es o urce G uide
10
Interactive Online Industry Directory:
www.gvf.org
This free-to-use searchable database
lists approximately 200 leading satel-
lite communication systems and service
companies offering terminals and sub-
systems, bandwidth, integration, legal
services, etc. Company contact details
are provided together with links to
company web sites.
Competitive Bids & the GVF
Executive Briefing
Parties interested in procurement of a
satellite-based solution are constantly
sending enquiries to GVF. In turn, we
include these enquiries in the month-
ly electronic periodical – the GVF
Executive Briefing – which is sent to
the global satellite communications
industry. Enquiries range from sim-
ple requests for information to highly
detailed bid notices. The contact details
of the enquiring party are included,
facilitating direct industry responses
which are made in full knowledge that
competing companies are also making
contact with the enquiring party, thus
ensuring the provision of competitive
pricing. (In cases where enquiring par-
ties prefer not to reveal their identity,
the GVF Secretariat can field industry
responses and relay them directly to
the enquiring party. Enquires may
be sent to david.hartshorn@gvf.org or
martin.jarrold@gvf.org.
Emergency Notices
When disasters strike and advance plan-
ning proves to have been flawed, rapid
response is required. GVF remains
alert to receive urgent requests for
satellite systems and services, and to
post immediate notices to the global
satellite industry. A wide range of
humanitarian and aid organizations
regularly avail themselves of this vital
resource. Urgent requests should be
sent to either of the email addresses
given immediately above.
About the Authors
David Hartshorn is Secretary General of the
Global VSAT Forum (GVF). He can be reached
at David.Hartshorn@gvf.org or www.gvf.org
Andrea Maleter is Director, Satellite Commu-
nications, Futron Corp., www.futron.com
Satellite Phones :
Critical communication tools
Satellite phones have become an essen-
tial way of helping one stay in contact
when traditional forms of terrestrial or
wireless communications such as tele-
phones or cellular phones are damaged.
Whether for business continuity, emer-
gency response, asset tracking or even
personal applications, Globalstar helps
businesses, governments and individu-
als stay in touch and keep track of their
resources.
During the 2005 Hurricane season
when Hurricane Katrina slammed into
the United States Gulf Coast, Glo-
balstar deployed more than 10,000
handheld satellite phones to the affected
region. These phones were invaluable
to the government agencies and relief
workers that made use of them after
the hurricane landed. Globalstar also
successfully increased the capacity of
its satellite network and accelerated
shipments from equipment vendors
to ensure continued communications
service to the region.
New Products and Services
Globalstar also continues to provide
its customers with new and innovative
two-way satellite products and service
solutions designed to meet the evolv-
ing requirements of our users.
In early 2007 Globalstar introduced
the world’s smallest and lightest glob-
al satellite handset, the GSP-1700.
In March Globalstar introduced the
Qualcomm manufactured GSP-1720
satellite data and voice module.
Globalstar Network News
Globalstar is the only mobile satellite
operator launching spare satellites for
our existing network, and building
a new generation satellite constella-
tion, scheduled to begin deployment
in 2009. With the successful launch of
eight spare satellites scheduled for this
year, along with our existing satellite
network, Globalstar will continue to
provide and support two-way voice and
data satellite services to our customers
through the launch of the second-gen-
eration constellation. However, there
may be significant gaps in satellite
availability depending on where you are
and when you attempt to place a call.
To reward customers who stay with
Globalstar throughout the network
transition, the company also just
announced the launch of its new airtime
rate package known as the Unlimited
Loyalty Plan. The plan is structured
in an innovative way: each year it costs
less, starting at $49.99 per month, and
going down to $19.99 per month in
2009 and 2010. Globalstar offers its
customers the most cost effective satel-
lite solutions in the industry.
In short, Globalstar is planning to
make significant investments of over
$1.2 billion to the satellite network,
all designed to provide the kind of
industry leading satellite network per-
formance you have come to expect
from Globalstar.
A Bright Future
In early December of 2006 Global-
star contracted with Alcatel Alenia
Space for 48 new satellites scheduled
to begin arriving in 2009. The new
satellites are backwards compatible
with today’s equipment and are being
designed to provide current Globalstar
customers with satellite voice and data
service through at least 2025.
Satellite Asset Tracking
One less obvious use of satellite com-
munications is the critical tracking
of emergency resources. Many public
and private agencies use Globalstar
Integrator simplex tracking devices to
manage their dispersed assets during
and after a natural or man-made disas-
ter. This information not only keeps
track of valuable emergency response
assets such as heavy construction equip-
ment, but during an emergency it can
also save invaluable time locating and
deploying critical resources.
Globalstar also recently announced
that one of its simplex data integrators
is now producing a completely wireless
asset tracking device that is also the
first in a line of innovative simplex data
products that utilize the new Axonn
STX2 transmitter unit. It is not only
smaller and lighter than the previous
A dvertisi n g F eature
simplex modems but it is considerably
less expensive to produce.
With over 263,000 customers in over
120 countries, superior products, afford-
able pricing, and a strong commitment
to the future, Globalstar continues to be
S ate l l ite S trategies
the clear choice for those who demand
high-quality satellite voice and data
products and services. For more infor-
mation, go to www.globalstarusa.com
or call 877-SATPHONE.
11
 Satellite Communications :
An Essential Tool for Emergency Responders
B y G regg S w a n so n

Humanitarian relief is
one of the most uncertain,
unpredictable, and diffi-
cult to manage activities
in the world, and it is not
getting easier.
Natural disasters and complex human-
itarian emergencies are more frequent
and – lately – more severe.
Return on investment:
an operational multiplier
While humanitarian managers do
not measure investments in terms of
financial return, they always require
performance and effectiveness in the
field. Increasingly, relief organizations
recognize that satellite communica-
tions are not an optional enhancement,
but a reliable and affordable enabling
capability that makes the difference
between rapid operational effectiveness
and “too little, too late.” pivotal importance, they must coordi- countless travel hours and use the time
Reliable communications should be nate their actions with United Nations for productive on-scene assistance.
seen as an “operational multiplier.” If and government agencies, other relief A recent Java Lava exercise con-
deployed teams do not know where to organizations, and their own regional ducted by the Adventist Development
go, what assistance is needed, or what and national headquarters. If they can- and Relief Agency (ADRA) in West
supplies to order, they cannot do their not coordinate their actions, they may Java, Indonesia, demonstrated the tre-
A dvertisi n g F eature

job – they are not effective. Every hour
of delay and every missed communica-
tion can result in lost opportunities to
help the afflicted population.
When the first assessment team
arrives at a disaster scene, they begin
D isaster R es o urce G uide
actually worsen, rather than improve
the situation. In many cases, relief teams
could put themselves at risk, in the
absence of current security information.
In the Aceh region of Indonesia fol-
lowing the 2004 tsunami, many relief
mendous benefit of having mobile
satellite communications that enabled
around-the-clock online communica-
tions. “Having the luxury of Internet
access” from the moment of arrival is
a ‘huge advantage’ in delivering relief

immediately to plan and communicate
how to meet urgent requirements.
They send for specialized personnel to
handle the complex planning of food,
water, shelter, logistics, medical care,
and security. They make sure that the
right supplies are on the way. And of
teams and managers had to drive many
miles from coastal villages for frequent
meetings with UN and government
authorities, to hold organizational
meetings, and to check email. With
mobile satellite communications and
Internet access, these teams could save
and helping the communities in dis-
tress,” noted Chris Jensen, an ADRA
coordinator from Australia.
It is not difficult to place a value
on the time and resources spent inef-
ficiently. A shipment worth $10,000
that is sitting in a warehouse near an

12
airport is wasted if a logistics coordina-
tor is unable to locate it, dispatch the
shipment to the right field team, and
inform that team that it is on the way.
Another example is a team meeting of
relief workers operating in a dispersed
rural zone. If each of 10 personnel
travels by vehicle two hours to the
meeting location, each way, the total
time expended in travel (often prone to
delays or risk) is 40 hours. Using a con-
servative compensation rate of $25 per
hour, the cost of the meeting is $1000,
not counting fuel, the cost of drivers,
and – significantly – the opportunity
cost of the 40 hours of travel.
By using resource-efficient and easy-
to-use mobile satellite systems, such
as Broadband Global Area Network
(BGAN), e-mail exchanges, document
transfers, instant messaging, or video
conferencing can almost always accom-
plish the same objectives, at far less
cost. In exercise Java Lava, ADRA
teams utilized a Hughes 9201 BGAN
provided by Telenor Satellite Services.
These examples demonstrate that the
cost of being connected is very low,
compared to the cost, inefficiencies,
and missed opportunities that poor
communications cause. The cost of
BGAN satellite terminals range from
$1,500 to $3,900 and can be used by
large teams (as in Java Lava) or individ-
uals. Service providers, such as Telenor
Satellite Services, offer monthly usage
plans to accommodate a variety of
organizational needs, starting for as
little as $39.00 for BGAN service.
The cost of usage can be managed in
a variety of ways. Using the Standard
IP connection, e-mails can be sent
and received for a few cents each, and
text-based Web sites can be accessed
at very low cost, enabling relief teams
to get status reports, security noti-
fications, and other mission-critical
information.
Connectivity from Day One
Today’s notebook-sized mobile satel-
lite communications terminals permit
everyone to experience the advantage of
“Day One” connectivity including the
Internet, remote access to office WANs
and LANs and telephony. Satellite
communications provide the critical
link necessary to manage operations
in a hectic and unpredictable relief
environment. Everything that must be
managed – from logistics coordination,
transportation, security and worker
safety to periodic reporting, download-
ing digital maps and even submitting
grant proposals to potential donors
– depends on reliable satellite commu-
nication in the field.
Scenario: Local Business Office
COOP communications
Situation: Power is out, infrastructure is
damaged, normal communications are
unavailable.
Solution: Satellite Terminal: Hughes
9201 BGAN -- $2,200 (will simultane-
ously accommodate 10-11 users and 1
telephony caller.)
Basic User Plans: There are a wide
variety of user plans that start as low as
$69 a month for a 12-month plan that
includes 10MB of service per month
that roll-over to the next month. Addi-
tional MBs of service range in costs
from $3.10 to $6.90 depending on the
plan your organization selects. Basic
telephony (voice) calling costs less than
a dollar a minute. Note: One MB is
approximately equal to 11-12 pages of
Word document text.
Applications: All required communica-
tions to maintain daily office functions
including: e-mail, voice, fax, Internet,
file transfers, video, video conferencing,
and more.
Staying in touch –
essential in crises
While mission effectiveness is impor-
tant, the welfare of deployed teams
is essential in difficult and high-risk
crisis zones. Every relief manager and
worker knows how vital it is to know
about security warnings, bridges out,
reports of disease and injury, the loca-
tion of arriving and departing teams,
and other critical information. As we
know from television reports from
Darfur, Afghanistan, and other chal-
lenging regions, the lives of both
victims and responders are too often
on the line.
These teams benefit tremendously
from the ability to stay in touch with
family, friends, and colleagues. Even
brief e-mails at the end of the day,
assuring family members that they are
well, or hearing from loved ones, is an
enormous boost to morale. Sometimes
weeks can go by without word from
deployed responders and that is not
good for the workers’ morale or for
the loved ones back home. Satellite
communications enable phone calls
and messages on a more regular basis.
One humanitarian worker recently
commented to his parents about the
satellite communications available for
use at his remote location in the Mid-
dle East; “I really appreciate having
the ability to call home and talk with
my family to catch up on all the news
from home and to let them know I’m
all right.” This worker was using an
Iridium satellite phone that retails for
around $1300 with airtime service at
about one dollar a minute.
Steve Glassey, the CEO of EMANZ,
who participated in the Java Lava
exercise, commented; “Having used
everything from morse code to satel-
lite, the latest satellite technology, such
as BGAN revolutionizes disaster and
emergency response with the power to
immediately coordinate information
from anywhere in the world.”
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Gregg Swanson is the Executive Director of
HumaniNet, a U.S. based nonprofit organiza-
tion that assists humanitarian and mission
teams with information and communica-
tions technology. For more information go to 
www.humaninet.org.
Telenor Satellite Services provided the BGAN
and Iridium equipment and service for
exercise Java Lava and support numerous
humanitarian teams worldwide. Satellite ser-
vice providers, such as Telenor, offer a virtual
“one-stop-shop” for mobile satellite commu-
A dvertisi n g F eature
nications including equipment, global service,
training, and around-the-clock support.
For more information on satellite equip-
ment and services contact Telenor
Satellite Services at (301) 838-7700 or at 
customer.care@telenor.com.
S ate l l ite S trategies
13
 14
D isaster R es o urce G uide
The Return on Investment :
Satellite Communications – Vital Resource
for Business Success
B y M ar t i n J arrol D

In private enterprise,
civilian government, and
non-governmental orga-
nizations (NGOs) there
is an ever-increasing
awareness of the need
for ready availability of
back-up communications
systems which will have a
key role in guaranteeing
specifics and operational requirements offsets any BC planning community
the continuity of day-to- of this expanding group of current and sensitivities about financial outlay for
potential customers. something which may never be used,
day business functions BC planning customers are better the satellite service community has
informed than in the past as to the aided the process of overcoming such
at times of terrestrial capabilities of satellite-based continu- budget-related concerns by develop-
ity solutions. There has evolved a clear ing attractive service payment options,
network outage. appreciation in the BC community together with minimizing costs dur-
that such solutions are themselves akin ing times of non-use which are then
Business Continuity (BC) planning
to an insurance policy, wherein funding off-set with higher service charges
makes good financial sense in terms
for a back-up communications infra- when the satellite-based system is in
of: protection against loss of revenue;
structure is a discreet budget line item actual usage.
inspiring confidence in stakeholders;
even though these redundant systems As the BC community has increasing-
and, providing for staff security. In cer-
may never be used. It is important to ly planned for leveraging the satellite
tain contexts BC planning may also be
recognize that it is technical advances solution, resulting from a combination
a legal requirement, or a prerequisite
by the provider community that have of better information and understand-
to securing insurance coverage.
been a significant driver of improved ing, from technical fine-tuning, and
Emergency planners with respon-
sales of satellite-based solutions into the greater awareness of the need to be
sibility for BC preparedness know
the BC arena. prepared following 9/11 and Katrina,
the significance of the independence
Yet, even though such back-up com- etc., the size of the BC market for the
from terrestrial infrastructures of
munications infrastructures may never “always-on” network redundancy capa-
satellite-based communications solu-
be called upon (unlikely), when they bility of both fixed satellite and mobile
tions. So widely has this realization
S ate l l ite S trategies

are required, when terrestrial commu-
spread throughout the BC planning
nication network failure does occur or
community, and so much has the
some form of disaster strikes, action to
level of demand for satellite solutions
implement the alternative, reliable sat-
grown, that satellite service providers
ellite solution may be immediate, thus
have increasingly geared themselves
minimizing business disruption and
towards tackling the detailed technical
financial loss. Whilst this factor further
satellite solutions has grown. To some
extent this growth has occurred as a
result of the purchasers of BC solu-
tions having become more aware of
the existence of off-the-shelf BC solu-
tions – often at considerably lower cost
than customized solutions. In addition,
continued on page 16
15
 the satellite industry has successfully
mitigated BC planners’ concerns about
satellite system interoperability with
terrestrial networks, opportunities for
expansion of bandwidth provision, and
improved performance for virtual pri-
vate network (VPN) access.
Despite the rise of the Internet, the
number one method of conducting
business transactions is the telephone,
and some business analysts estimate
that as much as 80 per cent of all busi-
ness-type transactions still involve use
of the phone. Therefore, most organiza-
radio provides reliable
D isaster R es o urce G uide
16
tions continue to rely on the standard
telephone system for the bulk of their
communications needs, and are thus
reliant on either copper wire or fiber
optic cable for the connection between
their premises and the telephone car-
riers’ central office. This “last mile”
can either be above ground or under-
ground. We have all seen pictures of
poles and trees uprooted after a hur-
ricane or tornado. When this happens
that last mile of connectivity between
the business and its telephone provider,
Internet provider, or application service
provider are abruptly disconnected and
electrical power is lost. Underground
cables are not entirely safe from dis-
ruption of service either. Many times
due to flooding and/or power loss these
underground services are disrupted as
well. In the case of cell phone provid-
ers, when the cell towers receive your
cell phone’s call, they route it to a
local central office. These towers or the
equipment inside of them can also be
damaged or destroyed as well as the last
mile circuits which connect those cell
towers to the local telephone network.
So cell phone service is as tenuous as
the regular telephone service when a
disaster strikes.
Power supplies are also susceptible
to interruption. Central offices and
cell phone sites usually have their own
power sources in the form of batteries
and emergency generators, and if the
disaster/event is limited to a few hours
or a few days they will normally remain
fully operational. However, when power
is interrupted for several days or several
weeks and refueling trucks are unable
to get through to central offices and
cell towers, services will go off-line.
The satellite, or very small aperture
terminal (VSAT), mitigation solution
is suitable for small, medium and large
organizations. Such solutions can range
from offering less costly basic Internet
access services for smaller organiza-
tions, to more costly enterprise grade
services for larger organizations.
Very much like residential DSL, the
more economical VSAT-based services
can cost around $300 for equipment
and around $100 per month, offering
Internet, voice over Internet Protocol
(VoIP) and virtual private network
(VPN) access at data rates of 200 Kbps
on the uplink and 1.5 Mbps on the
downlink. More sophisticated satellite
services will cost more, but will pro-
vide quality of service and committed
information rates as part of the service,
and offering up to 150 phone lines,
broadband Internet, as well as high
speed data communications and secure
(encrypted) communications.
About the Author
Martin Jarrold is Chief, International Pro-
gram Development, the Global VSAT Forum. 
martin.jarrold@gvf.org
State of California Emergency
Response Network – A Case Study
B y D r . S . R am C h a n dra n
The State of California
Office of Emergency Ser-
vices (OES) was looking
for a modern commu-
nications network for
emergency response.
The goal of the OES network was to
assist various civil agencies (Highway
Patrol, Fire Departments, Department
of Transportation, Relief Agencies,
Police and various other law enforcement
agencies) in case of crises. California is
prone to various crises of natural origin
e.g. earthquake, landslides, flash flood-
ing, contamination due to hazardous
materials and forest fires. In addition,
emergencies due to terrorism are always
a threat these days.
The task is more challenging since
the state terrain ranges from High
Sierra Mountains, rugged coasts, des-
erts in southern California, and various
regions with dense forestation.
Traditional terrestrial systems often
fail in case of the emergencies described
above. It was clear that a satellite based
solution was the only alternative for
providing the first responders with the
following:
a) Quick deployment of system at the
sites of incident
b) Restoration of communication
(voice, data and video) anywhere in
the state
c) Interoperability with the existing
Infra-structure
d) Easy installation, operation and
maintainance
e) Be cost competitive
Kromos-Anacom Solution
The Kromos-Anacom network was
chosen for this network. This solution
was picked based on its flexibility, scal-
A dvertisi n g F eature
ability, bandwidth efficiency, advanced
VoIP and sophisticated Network Man-
agement System (NMS) in addition
to meeting the basic requirements
mentioned above. The OES network
consists of the following:
1. The Hub: The Hub is deployed at
S ate l l ite S trategies
the OES Headquarters. The network
is designed with future expansion in
mind. There is a Redundant Hub
installed at a separate location. This
Redundant Hub will assume the role
of the primary Hub in case the primary
continued on page 18
17
 Hub either fails or is rendered inef-
fective due to an act of terrorism, etc.
This is done to ensure uninterrupted
operation of the network in case of an
emergency. The Kromos Hub is the only
solution in the industry that does not require
the redundant Hub to be connected to the
primary Hub using a terrestrial link.
The Hub also has an NMS platform,
a VoIP Gateway, IP PBX and connec-
tion to the phone company (PSTN)
through a T1 line. This PSTN con-
nectivity allows the OES personnel to
call outside numbers through the Hub.
The IP PBX at the Hub handles all call
forwarding/routing etc. In addition,
A dvertisi n g F eature
there are 24 VoIP lines provided at
the headquarters to back-up the POTS
(Plain Old Telephone System) lines
in case of emergency. The Hub uses a
high power Anacom Transceiver and a
large dish. The facility also has genera-
tors for back-up power.
D isaster R es o urce G uide
2. Fixed Earth Stations: The majority
of remotes are fixed earth stations.
These sites have a Kromos Satellite IP
Gateway, a VoIP Gateway and PCs con-
nected using an Ethernet switch. Some
of these sites also have a video confer-
encing facility. The outdoor equipment
18
consists of an Anacom transceiver and
a small dish. Most of the remotes talk
to each other through the Hub (STAR
Topology). However, some of the
“high-priority” remotes are enabled to
connect each other directly in a single
hop (Mesh Topology).
3. Transportable Stations: These stations
are typically mounted on trailers that
can be towed using a truck or SUV to
any site that requires immediate voice/
video/data connectivity. Some of these
stations are also vehicle mounted. Each
transportable consists of a Kromos
Satellite IP Gateway, a VoIP Gateway,
an IP video camera, an Anacom Trans-
ceiver and a satellite dish. Some of
these stations are equipped with auto-
acquire antennas that can be pointed to
the satellite accurately without manual
adjustment for quick deployment.
The basic network is configured to
use satellite bandwidth (a precious com-
modity) only when needed. A handful
of the high priority locations have been
assigned dedicated links for continuous
dissemination of information.
The network consists of about 100+
nodes and most nodes have 8+ VoIP
lines. Some of the locations have more
VoIP lines. The entire network has close
to 1000 VoIP lines being managed
and routed by the Kromos Softswitch
at the Hub. The entire network is
being managed using Kromos NMS,
Web, etc. from the Hub location. The
network administrator also has the
ability to manage the network from
any other location with connectivity
to the network.
This system configuration is depicted
in a diagram above.
In a number of recent emergencies
involving catastrophic fires, landslides,
flooding, etc., the OES network has
been able to respond faster and more
reliably with fewer personnel using
this network. Moreover, some of the
OES trailers were even loaned out to
other national emergencies for provid-
ing instant communications.
About the author
Dr. S. Ram Chandran is Vice President of
Anacom, Inc., located in Santa Clara, CA.
For more information he can be contacted at 
ram@anacominc.com or at www.anacominc.com.
 Can BC Planners Justify the
Expense of Satellites?
A hybrid network can be cheaper than you think!
A n I n t ervie w w i t h S t efa n J u c k e n
B y Tomm y R ai n e y
Tommy Rainey (TR): Business Continuity
planners must be cost conscious in their
BC plans. Are satellite strategies realistic
for any but the largest companies?
Stefan Jucken (SJ): Absolutely! The
cost of the hardware for use in satel-
lite networks has been driven down to
approximately 10% of its price about
10 years ago. Therefore the amortized
cost on a monthly basis has dropped
significantly. In addition, while it has
not dropped as much, there has been
a reduction in satellite bandwidth
charges.
Another issue is whether the satel-
lite network will be used only as a
backup in the event of a terrestrial
interruption. This ‘back up only’ strat-
egy means the entire expense would be
allocated to the DR plan and the satel-
lite equipment would sit idle, apart
from annual testing.
However, the best way a BC or DR
planner can justify the use of satel-
lites in their plans would be to use a
D isaster R es o urce G uide
Figure 1
20
satellite network for other company
operations, therefore sharing the cost
between departments.
TR: What is a hybrid network and how
does it work?
SJ: A hybrid network is most com-
monly understood as an overlay of a
satellite network layer and a terres-
trial network layer. See Figure 1 for
a graphical description of a hybrid
network and its design for both nor-
mal and disaster operations. Terrestrial
networks (e.g. fiber networks) provide
normally large capacity and help to
move large amounts of data. They most
often are the primary network solu-
tion. Satellite networks complement
the primary solution by providing back
up capabilities and making the hybrid
solution “fail safe”. They extend the
network into remote areas (where ter-
restrial networks are unavailable), are
rapid to deploy and provide instan-
taneous communications. The bulk
traffic is carried by the primary net-
work (terrestrial). The satellite portion
is designed to keep the most important
customer applications alive in a failure
situation. That bandwidth is used in a
non-failure situation to allow the cus-
tomer to either run peak traffic or use
applications which he could not before
(corporate training /distance learning,
video conferencing). There would be
cost savings in using the satellite for
these applications by not requiring
greater terrestrial capacity.
TR: What kind of costs are we looking at
here?
SJ: Its always difficult to give cost
estimates. Cost is a function of many
parameters and of the company’s other
decisions, for instance the length of the
commitment term with the satellite
provider and therefore the monthly
amortization costs of the equipment
and bandwidth.
However, costs in a smaller to medi-
um network could be as low as a few
hundred dollars per month for the

Photo Courtesy of ND Satcom
hardware at each location, and less
than $2,000 per month for a typical
node’s average bandwidth requirement.
Advanced satellite technologies fur-
thermore allow what we call “Adaptive
Networking”: Bandwidth can be
efficiently shared and assigned fully
dynamically and automatically to the
node or application in need of band-
width.
TR: I’ve heard the delay associated with
using satellites (latency) can be a prob-
lem with certain applications.
SJ: This can be an issue and would
be part of the process of designing a
hybrid network. Certain applications,
where there are significant quantities
of data requiring a lot of ‘handshaking’,
may be a challenge. However, there are
a number of Protocol Enhancement
solutions which address this issue, and
with compression technology always
improving, the satellite option is very
viable.
TR: In order to monitor the network and
allocate bandwidth in a disaster scenario,
will this require operator intervention?
SJ: For most hybrid networks, this
operation would be automatic without
an operator’s involvement. In an IP
environment, one example is to use the
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) pro-
tocol to implement such a rerouting.
Normally the “shortest path” is on the
terrestrial side. If not available, the sec-
ond shortest or the only other available
path is the satellite path. Again the
requirement for an “advanced” satellite
system is to provide the bandwidth on
demand automatically and assign it to
the affected node.
When the satellite bandwidth is used
during this rerouting, the “on top
applications” (tele-education, video
conferencing, etc.) cannot be used since
the bandwidth is used for the com-
pany’s primary applications. This is
immediate after a site gets affected. In
general the solution must be so flexible
and scalable that the bandwidth can be
adjusted and that the satellite solution
can then act as the primary solution for
most vital applications.
TR: What about the training required for
someone to run a hybrid network?
SJ: There are different scenarios possi-
ble. As mentioned above, the solution
should be smart enough to recognize
the failure and to reroute the traffic
through the satellite portion, assign
the bandwidth to the affected node
automatically, etc. In a second step,
if the pre-designed satellite capacity/
bandwidth is not sufficient in the long
run, the satellite network can be re-
adjusted to compensate for that. If the
customer operates their own network,
then they will be trained and can do
it themselves. In a service offering, the
service provider takes care of all that.
If a fixed site has to be backed-up
by a mobile satellite terminal, it is
essential to take the technology burden
away from the operators and automate
and simplify the operation of a high-
tech satellite terminal, so that anybody
can deploy it with minimal training.
Users can focus on their jobs and mis-
sion and not on “complicated” satellite
technology. This is what you may hear
all the time—that use of satellite tech-
nology is expensive, since normally you
need specifically trained satellite engi-
neers to install and operate a terminal.
With newer technologies, it is possible
for dish alignment and other setup
operations to be handled by software,
eliminating the need for highly trained
satellite technician.
TR: Satellites themselves are subject to
breakdown. What happens if the actual
satellite develops a problem?
SJ: This is a disaster in itself. Satellite
operators normally have backup satel-
lites which can be used. They also have
2 types of capacity which they sell:
premium (non preemptable) and non-
premium (preemptable). As a customer
with preemptable space segment, you
can lose your assigned bandwidth
because it is needed by the satellite
operator for other customers, who pay
for the premium space segment.
If the operator loses a part of a spe-
cific satellite, then customers can be
reassigned to different transponders
on the same satellite. This does not
require re-pointing of the customer
antennas. But if the operator loses a
complete satellite, all customers need
to be reassigned to the backup satel-
lite and all antennas would need to be
realigned.
Fortunately that happens very rarely.
About the author
Tommy Rainey, Publisher of the Disaster
Resource GUIDE, interviewed Stefan Juck-
en for this article. Mr. Jucken obtained a
master´s degree in electrical engineering
from the University in Saarbruecken, Germany
in 1991. He has 15 years of experience in the
satellite communication field and worked in
various positions in this industry ranging from
development & systems design to executive
management. Currently he is responsible for
the Americas region for ND SatCom as the VP
of Business Development & Marketing. He can
be reached at Stefan.Jucken@NDSatcom.com.
S ate l l ite S trategies
21
// Stay Connected –
Anytime, Anywhere //
Relia
tive b
ec

* Eff

le *
ication
Crisis Commun

*
*

re
Im
m

cu
e d i a t e Se

Advanced satellite-based Disaster Management & Key Topics:

Business Continuity Solutions / Quick deployable Fly-Away terminals
/ Truck / SUV based Mobile Command Units
When disaster strikes, communications are at risk. Customers
in over 130 countries worldwide rely on ND SatCom to provide / Broadband connectivity for “always-on”
an effective, robust and reliable communication infrastructure communications
via satellite. / Support of business, mobile VSAT and
SNG applications
ND SatCom’ systems are engineered to function under extreme
network conditions. Our solutions keep you in business and help / Seamless integration into existing networks
to maintain and restore your services – anytime, anywhere! / Interoperability between ESFs
/ Simultaneous Reachback capabilities to
multiple EOCs

// Let us help you to be prepared! / Enable media rich Situational Awareness

Applications
www.ndsatcom.com // / Automatic Back-up path
/ Easy to operate by non-technical users

// ND SatCom GmbH // P.O. Box / 88039 Friedrichshafen / Germany // Phone +49 7545 939 0 // info@ndsatcom.com / www.ndsatcom.com //
// ND SatCom, Inc. // 3801 E. Plano Parkway / Suite 200 / Plano / Texas 75074 / USA // Phone +1 214 231 3400 // www.ndsatcom.com //
// Regional Sales Offices // Abu Dhabi/Beijing/Dubai/Denver/ Istanbul/Johannesburg/ Mexico City / Miami / Moscow / New Delhi /Singapore /Washington D.C. //
New Free Resource for First Responders
When disaster strikes, access to reliable commu-
nications is crucial to the efforts of disaster relief
operations where quick response translates into
lives saved.
For those times when the terrestrial communi-
cations infrastructure is damaged, destroyed or
overloaded, satellite communications can provide a
communications lifeline for people on the front lines
of public safety and emergency preparedness.
Now there is a new tool to help this crucial first
responder community integrate satellite into their
communications plans. The First Responder’s Guide
to Satellite Communications is a comprehensive
overview and tutorial of satellite technology and
its role in response to natural or man-made
disasters.
Produced by the Satellite Industry Association
(SIA), the leading voice of the U.S. satellite com-
munications industry, and Access Intelligence,
publisher of Via Satellite magazine and organizer of
Satellite 2007, the publication is available for free
as a public service of the industry,
Contents include:
• An overview of satellite communications
capabilities
• Video, voice and data applications
• Equipment requirements and easy to follow
steps for connecting with satellite through various
types of terminals.
• Glossary of terms, definitions and frequencies
This Guide is a must-read for first responders,
state or federal emergency communications offi-
cials, and policy makers. For a PDF version of the
SIA First Responder’s Guide to Satellite Communi-
cations, go to http://www.sia.org/frg_files. Or to
request a free hard copy, please send an email to
info@sia.org titled “SIA First Responder Guide” and
include your full name, mailing address, telephone
number and number of copies.

GVF, the Global VSAT Forum, has world-

wide representation at the following
contact emails. If you are interested
in resources in any of the following
regions, email for information.

GVF Worldwide Headquarters

david.hartshorn@gvf.org

Regional Representation
Africa (West)
gadanusa@ghana.com

South Africa
daniellgr@telkomsa.net

Arab Region
my@mesat.com

Brazil
cristovam@unisat.com.br

Canada
jfeneley@allstream.net

China PR
rita@chinasatellite.org

India
Bbhalla@luthra.com

Indonesia
Arf_nugroho@yahoo.com

Iran
chairman@isp.ir

Mexico
ewallsten@prodigy.net.mx

Russia
R es o urces

nasc@rscc.ru

Southeast Asia
charlieransford@yahoo.com

Southern Cone
S ate l l ite S trategies

henochaguiar@yahoo.com

Spain
jesena@rose.es

Turkey
sozkol@epsilonacademy.com

23
 Satellite-Based Business
Continuity & Disaster Recovery
Solutions Go Mainstream
B y Bria n S k immo n s

Satellite communications
have historically played a
central role in helping first
responders bring relief
and needed services to
areas affected by natural
and man-made disasters.
Rapidly deployable and easily scalable
systems demonstrated the value of
both fixed and mobile satellite com-
munications during such recent natural
disasters as the Indian Ocean tsunamis
and the US Gulf Coast Hurricanes.
Satellites connected emergency per-
sonnel and infrastructure to reconnect
businesses and entire communities.
Live satellite broadcasts enabled the
world to see first-hand the regional
devastation wrought by these disasters
as well as the impact and vulnerability
to distributed organizations and busi-
ness which have outsourced portions
of their supply line into some of these
disaster prone regions.
While the role of satellites supporting
large scale disasters is unquestioned,
some network managers still view sat-
A dvertisi n g F eature
main source of network downtime, loss
of revenue and productivity. Today’s
advanced satellite solutions are gaining
greater acceptance as a cost effective
alternate transmission path that can
sometimes pay for itself by minimizing
the impact of a single outage.
There are three main reasons why
satellite is now beginning to move into
the mainstream for integrated, global
networking solutions. The first is
the greatly improved performance
of satellite IP solutions. Satellite
operators and hardware providers have
integrated advanced IP networking
functionality and capability into their
products enabling satellite network
users to enjoy a “near terrestrial” expe-
rience for LAN/ WAN applications
or Internet access. Advances in TCP
acceleration have virtually eliminated
the effects of satellite latency, which is
the ¼ second delay resulting from the
signal traveling from the earth’s sur-
face up to the satellite and back. These
advances have enabled satellite links to
be more inter-changeable, capable of
carrying real-time applications such as
voice over IP (VoIP).
The second driver has been the
commitment to improving qual-
ity of service (QoS) and network
management. Improved network
management tools provide greater vis-
ibility and control by a customer while
leveraging third-party satellite links.
Once a disaster strikes, it is too late for
customers to learn that their satellite
bandwidth is oversubscribed and the
connectivity they need is unavailable.
Maintaining network integrity and
control is paramount for all network
operators and Loral Skynet has been
a leader in developing QoS standards
that provide back-to-back traceability
via service level agreements (SLAs)

ellite as having too many limitations

to move beyond this role. Thankfully,
these perceptions are now changing.
Readers may be surprised to learn
that corporate enterprise and govern-
ment organizations around the world
D isaster R es o urce G uide

are increasingly relying on satellite

communications to maintain more of
their day-to-day operations. Greater
protection is needed not only to safe-
guard against disasters but also the
more frequent network disruptions
and short-term outages that are the

24
that guarantee performance with pen-
alties and ensure seamless network
management and a “terrestrial-like”
user experience. These SLAs, which
assure high levels of security and
availability, have proven to be the pre-
requisite for business to realistically
consider satellite as a viable option to
meet either full-time or back up net-
working needs. The five QoS metrics
are: availability, throughput, latency,
packet loss, and jitter.
The third driver in the growth of
satellite IP services is reduced cost
– both for equipment and bandwidth.
Commercial satellite equipment charg-
es can be as low as $3,000 per site
installed. Loral Skynet offers both fixed
as well as usage pricing models that
allow customers to pay only for what
bandwidth they use. Satellite trans-
mission costs will vary depending on
unique network design requirements
and SLA performance metrics specified
by the end customer. Monthly main-
tenance fees range between $200 and
$400 per month per site for dedicated
bandwidth with committed informa-
tion rates (CIR).
Loral Skynet and Business
Continuity
Loral Skynet owns and operates a
global fleet of satellites that serve
video broadcasters, telco and govern-
ment customers around the world. We
recently provided satellite capacity and
support in response to major telecom
outages in Asia and North Ameri-
ca that included the Indian Ocean
Tsunami, Hurricane Katrina and the
Taiwanese earthquake in late 2006.
Skynet works closely with our
global customers and partners who
include Global Crossing, PCCW, and
Telekom Austria to leverage the value
of satellite and deliver highly secure
and reliable global networks with
unprecedented levels of availability.
A typical customer application for
Skynet and our terrestrial partners has
been WAN extension. By leveraging
satellite’s ability to complement and
extend existing terrestrial infrastruc-
ture, Skynet and our carrier partners
have enjoyed some major wins. Two
distinct service offerings focus on
“business continuity and disaster
recovery” or BC/DR, which serve as
an insurance policy for any network
driven organization or business.
Skynet provides a suite of satellite-
based, IP optimized inter-networking
solutions under the name SkyReachsm
which leverages core competencies in
satellite communications with more
nimble and dynamic service applica-
tions such as BC/DR applications.
SkyReach Ensure – Is a seamless
“always on” business continuity service
with automatic failover of customer
networks to Skynet’s integrated global
satellite network. Downtime measured
in seconds.
SkyReach SAVER – Emergency res-
toration of critical customer networks
following an outage. Downtime mea-
sured in hours.
Loral Skynet SkyReach Successes
In early 2007, Skynet was awarded a
major contract for an implementation
of SkyReach Ensure in Europe – one of
the largest such awards in the satellite
industry. Our customer informed us
that Skynet offered a number of key
advantages that allowed us to capture
this business, including:
• Satellite bandwidth is guaranteed
– this is not a shared service
• Reservation fees are modest, and the
customer pays only for the bandwidth
they use (Mbps)
• True path diversity – if the terrestrial
network fails, satellite service remains
operational
• Continuance of “terrestrial-like” feel
in network security, management and
performance allowing for true seamless
operations
• High levels of assurance against loss
of revenue with SLAs and performance
assurances
• Quality of Service (QoS) standards that
guarantee delivery of traffic and enable
prioritization within multi-media links.
Working with Loral Skynet Can
Give You Competitive Advantages
Whether you are a corporate or gov-
ernment customer seeking the highest
levels of operational reliability for your
network, or a telecom company seek-
ing to align yourself with a leading
satellite operator, we invite you to con-
tact Loral Skynet to explore ways we
can help you achieve your objectives.
The facts are:
• There is growing demand for satel-
lite IP solutions around the world
– demand which is driven by satellite’s
improved performance, cost effective-
ness and seamless integration with
terrestrial networks
• IT decision-makers are increasingly
looking to satellite communications
as a means of maintaining their opera-
tions in the face of routine, day-to-day
network outages – outages that can
cause downtown, loss of revenue and
productivity.
• Loral Skynet’s BC/DR services – Sky-
Reach Ensure and SAVER – offer the
combination of performance, value and
flexibility that customers require.
• Skynet’s BC/DR services are highly
flexible and can be adapted to your
operating environment and the overall
reliability of your existing network.
Skynet is pleased to be a recognized
leader in the world of global IP-over-
satellite networking. Our new BC/DR
services – Ensure & SAVER – are
already attracting widespread interest
among customers and potential busi-
ness partners.
We invite you to contact Skynet
and learn more about these exciting
new services and how they can help
improve the reliability of your network
and maximize your organizational per-
A dvertisi n g F eature
formance. www.loralskynet.com
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Brian Skimmons serves as Loral Skynet’s
vice president for Network Services and the
SM
SkyReach product line of satellite-deliv-
ered Internet services . He and his team are
responsible for leading and managing all busi-
S ate l l ite S trategies
ness aspects of Skynet’s global IP services
solutions. Brian earned bachelor’s and gradu-
ate degrees in engineering from the U.S. Naval
Academy in Annapolis, MD and the U.S. Naval
Postgraduate School in Monterey, CA.
25
 Essential Guidelines:
“So, how must I plan my satellite connection?”
& other FAQs
B y J o h n F e n ele y a n d M ar t i n J arrold
Previous articles in this issue have
clearly established that satellite com-
munications provide the critical path
for continuity in emergency and
disaster situations. This is because
satellite communications connect and
help move logistical, rescue and first
responder resources during natural or
man-made disasters where, very often,
terrestrial wireless infrastructures have
D isaster R es o urce G uide
been destroyed.
Access to a wireless communications
network that is not dependant on ter-
restrial infrastructure is so critical, and
the deployment of satellite commu-
nications is among the first priorities
in any emergency response, rescue, or
26
relief situation. It is essential for local
government emergency response and
disaster recovery planners – as well as
“on the ground” emergency workers
– to have a ready understanding of how
they can get their satellite connection.
Information about the nature of the
satellite solution, how to access it, and
how to optimize it to the requirements
of a specific organization, are critical
elements in all operational planning
practice. To achieve this optimization,
information will be needed on how to:
• Ascertain whether satellite does
indeed fit your application
• Design a satellite network opti-
mized to your requirement(s)
• Develop a business plan to sustain
the network
• Procure a competitively-priced sat-
ellite network
• Deploy, maintain, operate and
– potentially – grow the network.
Satellites and Disaster Planning
In order to support the incorporation of
these elements into operational plan-
ning, the GVF, in conjunction with
the International Association of Emer-
gency Managers, created a “Guideline
for Inclusion of Satellite Communications
in Disaster Operational Plans.” These
factors are listed below.
continued on page 28
 THE GUIDELINE

Initiate Planning ii. support to justify options to management

iii. IDIQ/Open P.O. if possible
1. What’s the probability that it will happen? a) Emergency response agencies can’t support advance commitments
2. What’s the cost when it happens? b. Flexibility
i. How Immediate?
3. What does it cost to make the problem go away? ii. Fixed vs. Mobile Communications
4. Who, What, When, How? iii. Permanent vs “Insurance based”
iv. Public/Private Partnerships
Prioritize Communications Functions c. Traffic Loading
1. Factor communications into process from the beginning d. Installation, Support and Maintenance
at all levels e. Training
2. Identify a representative for each function area (e.g. 4. Proactive deployment
access to inlets, 911, shift scheduling, IT or telecoms rep, a. Pre-positioning of immediate response user equipment
etc)
5. Deferred deployment
Assess Current Communications Capabilities a. Transportation/implementation of equipment for
1. Capacity of System longer-term response/recovery
a. Voice, Data, Radio 6. Response Period – Satellite options
b. Video/other enhanced data a. 0-24 hours
i. handheld mobile phones
2. How Robust and Redundant? ii. briefcase/backpack terminals
3. Identify Partner: Vendor or volunteers, EMAC, mutual aid, iii. fly-away/transportable terminals
or others? iv. vehicle mounted/rapid response terminals
a. What you get from the partnership b. 24-48 hours
i. handheld mobile phones
b. Speed of deployment ii. briefcase/backpack terminals
c. Interoperability iii. fly-away/transportable terminals – potentially with
d. (Urban Area Security Initiative for 75 major cities) terrestrial wireless canopy connectivity
iv. vehicle mounted/rapid response terminals
e. NIMS (new private sector component)
c. 2-10 days
Design Solution(s) to Address Those Objectives i. handheld mobile phones
ii. briefcase/backpack terminals
A. Preparatory Period iii. vehicle mounted/rapid response terminals
iv. fly-away/transportable terminals
1. Proactive preparation using previously developed needs
v. fixed terminals – potentially with terrestrial wireless canopy
assessment and plans
connection
2. Service Guarantees, Quality of Service –
7. Recovery Period
Satellite
a. fly-away/transportable terminals
a. Dedicated Service
b. fixed terminals
b. Shared NOC/Private Service
c. Ad Hoc Service 8. Migration back to normal
a. repair
3. Elements of service agreements
b. replace
a. Budget
i. includes clarification of capabilities and options c. reposition
D isaster R es o urce G uide

What needs to be done by the
Emergency Management Sector?
The underlying issue for the satisfactory
deployment of satellite communica-
tions for disaster response and recovery
is the availability of advance funding
28
capabilities in order that Emergency
Managers can make their Planning,
Preparation and Procurement pro-
cesses both cost-effective and precise.
Experience with the establishment of
communications as the result of previ-
ous disasters has clearly demonstrated
that advance funding capabilities are
required for:
• Provisioning of first responder satel-
lite communications equipment that is
consistent with the time-frames out-
lined in the Guideline;
• Availability of satellite capacity for
disaster response and recovery com-
munications;
• Availability of first responder satel-
lite communications equipment on an
as-needed basis from locations outside
of the disaster area, that are consistent
with the time-frames outlined in the
Guideline;
• Availability of satellite communi-
cations equipment to augment that
already existing at Emergency Opera-
tions Centers on an as-needed basis;
• Availability of satellite communica-
tions equipment for Mobile Emergency
Operations Centers;
• Familiarization and training for
emergency management personnel on
a routine basis.
As disasters can occur over large
geographical areas, it is essential that
the Planning, Preparation and Procure-
ment be undertaken by the Emergency
Managers on a collaborative and coor-
dinated basis involving all jurisdiction
levels and by all those with disaster
response/recovery interests.
Only by these means can a realistic
response be made to establish satellite
communications that meet the criteria
outlined in the Guideline, and which
includes such factors as:
• Interoperability
• Scalability
• Multi-agency coordination
Emergency Managers are therefore
urged to (1) establish means whereby
advance funding capabilities are avail-
able and (2) coordinate their Planning,
Preparation and Procurement at all
jurisdiction levels and involving all
those with disaster response/recovery
interests.
About the Authors
John Feneley, is the Canada Correspondent  Services are available on a national, international and global basis from a host of
for the GVF, jfeneley@allstream.net or 
(514) 684-7026.
Martin Jarrold, is Chief, International 
Programme Development, GVF.
References:
Frequently Asked Questions
Faq1: Satellites & the Internet
Can satellite really offer Internet access?
Yes. Satellite brings high capacity, global coverage & speed. Internet/intranet
backbone connectivity is available at 45 Mbps or even higher. Multicasting is
achievable at 3 Mbps. Internet to the consumer at DSL comparable speeds.
Does satellite support all applications?
Yes. A satellite network can be designed to support all voice, data, video, email
and fax services.
Isn’t satellite delay problematic?
Yes. “Latency” or “propagation delay” can be a problem. This is addressed with
readily available techniques to minimize the problem in most applications.
Content caching and spoofing are two such techniques.
Faq2: Total Network Solutions
Can satellites provide a total solution?
Yes. Satellites are the perfect platform for Wide Area Networks. They are inde-
pendent of distance, geography and location, and they offer very high levels of
network “up-time”.
Can I easily expand my network?
Yes. New sites can be added to existing networks very quickly and cost-effec-
tively.
Faq3: Costs & Benefits
How can satellite help my business?
In several ways, including unrivalled cost-effectiveness in point-to-multipoint
applications, extending corporate networks seamlessly to hard-to-reach locations,
uniformity of service capability and quality, occasional use services for disaster
recovery or business continuity with complete independence from wired/fiber
facilities, fast service deployments, and Quality of Service guarantees.
How can I evaluate the costs & benefits?
Satellite networking can provide significant return-on-investment (ROI) for
extending your corporate network to remote locations or for delivering all forms
of digital content. Additionally, ROI savings is achieved from uniformity of
service, lower network management costs, service scalability, high service reli-
ability and single-vendor service outsourcing.
How do I get satellite networking service?
Satellite service providers specialize in delivering seamless, end-to-end turnkey
solutions customised to meet your specific applications and service requirements.
providers. The GVF can help you locate several to choose from in your area.
Lower Cost Flexible & Scalable
Communications over satellite can be Satellite access solutions can be deployed
S ate l l ite S trategies

Why Satellite Communications are an Essential
Tool for Emergency Management and Disaster
Recovery. A. Maleter, Futron Corporation and
D. Hartshorn, GVF.
Interoperable Satellite Communications. An
Integral Component of Disaster Management.
Austin Comerton, Mobile Satellite Ventures.
extremely cost-effective. The total cost of
ownership of broadband via satellite solu-
tions has been reduced by economies of scale
in the use of satellite networks and of seam-
less satellite/terrestrial hybrid networks in
most countries over a 20-year period. Over
one million receive-only terminals using IP
multicasting have been deployed, together
with nearly one million interactive terminals.
rapidly and economically with uniform
quality of service at all user locations. High-
speed and secure delivery of all types of
broadband applications is achieved through
a single, end-to-end solution that is more
reliable than terrestrial alternatives, flexible
to fit with present demand, and scalable to
fit all future requirements.
29
 Installing a Satellite Network:
How to get the right training
resources in your “neighborhood”
B y M ar t i n J arrold a n d R alp h Broo k er  
A d a p t e d f r o m a S a t P r o f & G V F W h i t e P a p e r

In developed and developing regions characteristics of satellite can get a
across the globe – whether or not they little lost due to inadequate personnel
are prone to man-made or natural training, a potential problem for which
disasters, and for which emergency a ready solution has been available and
planning is an essential corollary – accessible for some time: the GVF
the demand for access to low-cost, VSAT Installation & Maintenance
bi-directional, interactive, satellite sys- Training Course.
tems and services continues to grow at In 2002, responding to requests
an ever-accelerating rate. from the satellite communications
Against a backdrop of increas- industry to identify solutions to the
ing demand for the satellite system increasing problem of interference
deployments which are bringing these resulting from improperly aligned
features and benefits to all regions, is VSAT antennas, incorrectly calibrat-
an ongoing need for a greater supply ed transmission equipment, etc., the
of highly-qualified personnel to install GVF initiated its Certified VSAT
and maintain the terminal equipment Installer Program which comprised
which constitutes the ground segment a three-course sequence of classroom-
of any satellite network. based training sessions. Since 2002,
training sessions have been deliv-
The New Training Paradigm ered by GVF Certified Trainers in
Installation of satellite equipment in many regions of the world, thereby
many places, particularly very remote increasing the supply of qualified
areas or regions affected by disaster technicians. Installers who have
or emergency, can be difficult enough undertaken the GVF VSAT Instal-
because of an inadequate or damaged lation & Maintenance Course have
transport infrastructure, or such natural mastered a high level of training and
obstacles as a tortuous geography and are counted among the most qualified
topology. However, even the unique technicians in the world.
The Course was developed through a
consensus of volunteers serving on the
GVF Education & Training Working
Group (E&TWG) to serve as the global
standard in VSAT installation training
– as part of its broader mission to iden-
tify, formulate and share knowledge
that is beneficial to the VSAT industry,
its shareholders and stakeholders.
Specifically, the Course was designed
to achieve three key objectives:
• Reduction of signal interference
caused by improper installations;
• Strengthen the industry’s quality of
service; and
• Assure the industry’s competitiveness.
In addition, an online database of
GVF-Certified VSAT installers has
now been launched on www.gvf.org
– where anyone can find contact details
for hundreds of professionals who have
successfully completed the rigorous
training program. The database is
designed to serve not only as a valuable
information tool, but also to promote
the business and operational effective-
ness of those who have become GVF
Certified – including the organizations

<K;6YkVcXZY
KH6I>chiVaaZg
8Zgi^[^XVi^dc
D isaster R es o urce G uide

Figure 1: The GVF VSAT Installation & Maintenance Course – in three levels

30
for which they work. Satellite opera-
tors and manufacturers worldwide now
strongly recommend or require that all
VSAT installation personnel become
GVF Certified.
The GVF VSAT Installation &
Maintenance Training Course con-
sists of three levels (see Figure 1). The
first two levels can now be taken online
at www.gvf.org, where live anima-
tions clarify complex concepts. The
interactive online course was developed
by GVF’s training-development part-
ner, SatProf Inc., which has created
Level 1 and Level 2 Courses that enable
trainees to practice hand-on skills with
realistic interactive simulations in
more than 250 learning pages.
“It is now possible to provide students
equipped only with Internet terminals
realistic simulations of the behavior of
real-world VSAT equipment,” accord-
ing to Ralph Brooker, President of
SatProf.  “Interactive, animated tuto-
rials not only provide a better grasp
of technical concepts, but permit the
student to practice hands-on skills
such as dish pointing, polarization
alignment, and uplink signal line-
up. Our web-based materials will help
GVF meet its goal of reducing interfer-
ence incidents and enhancing customer
experiences with VSAT by setting high
standards for installer qualification.”
There are additional benefits to the
online courses, including 24/7 access,
self-paced learning, and self-adminis-
tered quizzes.
Level 1 – Introduction to VSAT
Technology
A Level 1 trainee receives an overview
of satellite communications, with an
emphasis on VSAT applications, for
technicians, engineers, managers, and
IT professionals. Level 1 presents an
overview of the technology and his-
tory of satcoms, focusing on how Very
Small Aperture Terminal networks
compete with terrestrial alterna-
tives. The fundamentals of spacecraft
operation, orbits, and coverage are
explained, followed by an overview
of ground equipment hardware and
alternative methods for sharing space
segments costs. Level 1 concludes
with a discussion of the main techni-
Figure 2 - Signal Generator Graphical User Interface (GUI)
cal, economic, and regulatory factors of
VSAT networks.
The on-line course consists of ani-
mated & interactive HTML/Flash
movies presented in a self-paced screen
prompt style. During the course,
the student is encouraged to explore
diagrams using mouse rollovers, turn
knobs, adjust antennas, and tune test
equipment, courtesy of the on-line
simulator functions. For example, in
the screen shown in Figure 2, the
S ate l l ite S trategies
student is prompted to turn the “Fre-
quency” and “Amplitude” knobs on
a virtual RF signal generator. As the
knobs are turned, the student is given
a graphical representation of amplitude
variation and how frequency variations
affect the signal’s wavelength.
continued on page 32
31

Figure 3 – Antenna Pointing Exercise
Review quizzes are given after each of
the ten lessons and a final test is given
at the end of the course. The prerequi-
sites for the course are simply an interest
in satellite communications. Level 1
consists of approximately 100 learning
pages, requiring 5-10 hours study.
Level 2 – VSAT Installation
Fundamentals
Level 2 presents the fundamental
knowledge and skills needed by all
VSAT installers for high-quality, inter-
ference-free installations. The trainee
learns the fundamentals of signals,
noise, modulation, antennas, propa-
gation, and link budgets. The key
techniques necessary for a high qual-
ity installation are treated in detail,
beginning with the site survey, con-
tinuing with equipment installation
and accurate antenna pointing, carrier
line-up, and cross-pol checks, indoor
electronics installation, and IP net-
work configuration concepts. Level 2
concludes with a review of the installa-
tion process, trouble-shooting tips, and
maintenance guidelines.
As an example, Figure 3 shows a
screen shot of the ‘virtual antenna’
pointing lesson. The student is able
to twist virtual wrenches and observe
a typical signal strength meter in an
D isaster R es o urce G uide
exercise to “peak” the antenna on the
satellite. (In this example, a previous
student exercise had shown with simu-
lation the proper procedure for finding
the correct satellite to peak on.) The
mathematical “engine” running behind
the scene for this simulation introduces
32
the real world phenomena that com-
plicates the actual pointing process for
an installer including antenna mount
wind-up, backlash, atmospheric scin-
tillation, thermal noise, actual antenna
far field radiation patterns, envelope
detector response, instrument gain
adjustment, etc. The student can
practice pointing the antenna over and
over again, and can request the final
pointing accuracy score – a critical
teaching step that cannot be done at all with
physical equipment.
The student should expect to allocate
15 to 30 hours to navigate the approxi-
mately 180 pages, depending upon the
pace the student finds comfortable.
Trainees can register online and begin
the Certification process with Visa/
MasterCard at www.gvf.org. Upon
completion of the Level 1 and Level 2
Courses, trainees can proceed to an on-
site Level 3 class, which are delivered
worldwide. For more information, visit
the GVF website.
Staying Ahead of
the Demand Curve
The online training program comes at
a time when satellite communications
services are being delivered at unprec-
edented levels. With larger volumes,
system and service costs have become
even more competitive, thus attract-
ing new customers and generating yet
further increases in the demand for
qualified installers.
“Satellites’ ability to address an
entire nation or region with telecom-
munications services makes them
unique and particularly well suited to
addressing increased demand for digi-
tal solutions,” said George Jusaites,
Chairman of the E&TWG, and Direc-
tor of Business Development, Andrew
Corp. “The GVF Certified Installer
Database ensures that the higher vol-
ume of installations is conducted with
the highest possible level of technical
competency.”
In conclusion
The Level 1 and Level 2 courses pro-
vide the installer and the industry with
a learning vehicle that provides a solid
foundation for understanding the engi-
neering basics governing VSAT system
operations. When VSAT installers are
armed with a better understanding of
the systems they are installing, the
VSAT industry can expect to enjoy
the economic benefits associated with
lower levels of ‘good hardware’ circu-
lating around for repair depots, fewer
inefficient (or interference causing) ter-
minals installed, and a happier VSAT
customer base. Students may self-reg-
ister and start the courses immediately
by following the links for Training at
www.gvf.org.
About the Authors
Martin Jarrold is the Chief, International Pro-
gram Development, the Global VSAT Forum.
martin.jarrold@gvf.org.
Ralph Brooker is President of SatProf, Inc., the
training partner for the Global VSAT Forum.
He can be reached at ralph@satprof.com.
Fundamentals training is critical
to VSAT services
From the beginning, the VSAT industry
recognized that VSAT installers would
require training to transform a pile of
cables, electronics, and antenna parts
into a revenue-making VSAT terminal.
Up to now, most VSAT installer training
programs have focused on how to bolt
up the components and mount parts
to a roof or wall, providing instructions
about how to make certain indicators
illuminate and/or achieve minimum
levels on meters or displays. But unin-
tended consequences of basic “bolt
it up” training have become liabilities
and cost-burdens for the VSAT industry.
Without a good understanding of the
fundamentals of the satellite link, it is
easy for installers to accidentally cause
interference and difficult for them to
troubleshoot problems.
 HughesNet Access Continuity
Brings Rountree Automotive’s
IT Staff Peace of Mind

Automatic failover network

eliminates downtime and
results in considerable
savings for the regional
car dealership.
Closing the deal—if you own a car
dealership, that’s what your livelihood
depends on. On a daily basis, your
job is to put in the legwork, woo the
customer, and close the sale. But what
if you close the deal, only to find that
your network is down and you can’t
process the transaction? This was the
shocking reality for a salesman at
Rountree Automotive, a regional car
dealership with centers in six south-
eastern states.
On a bright and sunny day, Chuck Lester Edwards, Information Systems Manager
Roden, CEO of Complete Computer After one meeting, Rountree Auto- In addition to satellite backup,
Systems, went to the Birmingham, motive was sold and quickly began the Hughes appliance enables the
Alabama branch of Rountree Auto- installing the HughesNet service, over- small business to take advantage of
motive, intent on purchasing two laying the broadband satellite solution a comprehensive list of much need-
new trucks. Chuck talked it over with over their entire multi-location land- ed security services such site-to-site
the salesman, negotiated a fair price, line network. VPNs to securely connect distributed
and was ready to take one of his new The HughesNet Access Continuity offices over the Internet, and industrial
trucks home. Only, it didn’t quite service can be deployed in one of two strength firewall and gateway anti-
work out that way. Unfortunately, ways depending upon the customer’s virus security to keep unwanted traffic
Rountree’s network was down and needs: network-based or appliance- and malware from corrupting their
A dvertisi n g F eature

because there wasn’t a backup plan,
the salespeople could not close deals.
Chuck and several other prospective
buyers were unable to drive away in
their new vehicles.
The story could have ended that way.
But Chuck, a dealer for Hughes Net-
D isaster R es o urce G uide
based using a new Hughes appliance.
Using the Hughes appliance, the
HughesNet Access Continuity service
monitors a customer’s primary landline
Internet connection (DSL, cable, or T1)
and automatically switches over to a
backup broadband satellite Internet
networks. The HughesNet offering
when deployed with the appliance can
also provide secure remote access and
content filtering to ensure employees
are not wasting valuable business time
on personal usage.
Through the easy-to-use HughesNet

work Systems, set up a meeting the
next day to introduce Rountree Auto-
motive to the HughesNet™ Access
Continuity service that provides auto-
matic failover to a broadband satellite
connection in the event of primary
landline failure.
34
connection in the event of failure. Busi-
ness owners can now be assured that
their networks will keep running with
no costly downtime, even if there is
a central office outage, a construction
accident, or a hurricane takes their pri-
mary landline connection down.
Customer Gateway portal, business
owners, once certified by Hughes,
can monitor and manage their sites
in real-time from anywhere they have
an Internet connection, anywhere in
the world.

No Looking Back
“We knew we needed a backup solu-
tion,” said Lester Edwards, information
systems manager of Rountree Automo-
tive. “During Hurricane Katrina, our
Mobile, Alabama store went down for
45 days. When a network goes down,
we can lose an average of $5,000 to
$50,000 per hour, so we could not
afford to experience such a significant
downtime again. When we learned
about the HughesNet Access Con-
tinuity service and the new Hughes
appliance with its automatic failover
support, we installed it and have not
looked back.”
And, according to Edwards, purchas-
ing the HughesNet Access Continuity
service has been one of the best infor-
mation technology decisions Rountree
Automotive has made. He credits the
service with not only saving the com-
pany an average of $1200 to $1300 per
month, but also lauds the service for
ease of management and operation.
Not Your Ordinary Business
Continuity Service
The ability to directly manage the
Hughes appliance and its automatic
failover support are features that set
the HughesNet Access Continuity ser-
vice apart from its competition.
With most solutions, a small busi-
ness would have to buy not only the
equipment, but also hire someone to
engineer the network, and configure
and manage the system from end-
to-end. Additionally, most systems
configure the portal, only allowing
the system manager access to critical
information.
In the world of off-the-shelf IT net-
working, the concept of automatic
failover support is nothing short of
futuristic. “Every IT guy I know com-
plains about not having automatic
failover. Automatic failover is almost
unheard of—it’s like waking up in the
22nd century,” said Edwards.
Not only has the HughesNet Access
Continuity service given Rountree
“If our connection to the
Internet is down, we can’t
carry out basic business
functions. We can’t transfer
money, we can’t sign deals,
and we can’t put money in
the bank.”
Automotive automatic failover and the
freedom to manage its own network, it
has also given them the freedom to add
more stores to the network—some-
thing the business once considered a
costly undertaking.
“The HughesNet service has given me
the breathing room to add more stores,”
said Edwards. “Before HughesNet, in
order to add more stores, we had to add
more costly phone lines to support the
terrestrial network. With HughesNet,
we aren’t dependent on phone lines, so
we can cost effectively add additional
stores. All we have to do is purchase
the service and our new store is up
and running. If we run in to any major
problems that I cannot handle through
the portal, our Hughes support team is
just a phone call away,” said Edwards.
More importantly, the HughesNet
service can be installed in a new store
even if terrestrial broadband is not
available in that geographic area.
Rountree Automotive found this to be
the case at their Baytown, Texas store.
When the Baytown store first opened,
T1 was unavailable. So, for 45 days
the store operated on a satellite-only
network. During that time, the store
did not have any issues with drop off
or loss of communications between the
sites. Eventually, a T1 solution became
available and the store switched to that
as its link, with satellite as a backup.
“A satellite-only network was defi-
nitely usable for our entire store. I
wasn’t surprised at how well it per-
formed, but I was skeptical at first. The
satellite network performed really well
and I was definitely pleased with it,”
said Edwards.
Bottom Line Impact
In the car dealership business, 40% of
all work is done over the Internet. Much
of the time, most car suppliers send
dealers to the Internet for information
on the availability of cars, pricing, and
purchasing. Rountree Automotive uses
the Internet exclusively for inventory
management, new car acquisition, and
running credit reports on prospective
buyers. The HughesNet service has
helped them carry out these functions
more quickly and efficiently.
“If our connection to the Internet is
down, we can’t carry out basic business
functions,” said Edwards. “We can’t
transfer money, we can’t sign deals,
A dvertisi n g F eature
and we can’t put money in the bank.
If we can’t close a deal with a customer
because we are down, nine times out of
ten, he will buy his car somewhere else
and we will not be able to recoup the
money lost on that sale.”
“HughesNet eliminates this risk as
S ate l l ite S trategies
the automatic failover feature ensures
that if our terrestrial network goes
down, we are covered by satellite and
will never miss another sales opportu-
nity again.”
For more information, go to www.hughesnet.com 
or call 1-866-240-3875.
35
 Building Mobile Emergency
Response Vehicles with Satellite
Connectivity: What To Know
B y D avid M y ers a n d J effre y C arl
The power of mobile satel-
lite communications offers
a tremendous opportunity
for incident management,
disaster recovery and first
responder organizations.
These groups can now build out a
simple transportable vehicle-mounted
“command post” infrastructure that
will provide broadband “converged
communications” (Internet, intranet,
voice, fax and video) almost anywhere
in the United States – and can be
deployed in five minutes or less.
Satellite is the near-universal choice
for the broadband communications
“backhaul” link to these vehicles since
it is rapidly deployable, available any-
where with a clear view of the southern
sky, and completely independent of
the local telecom infrastructure. These
systems are typically based on VSAT
(Very Small Aperture Terminal, a two-
way broadband wireless link) satellite
data services.
These Mobile Satellite Communica-
tions Centers (MSCCs) are designed to
move to a crisis site, deploy quickly,
and provide a communications infra-
structure for on-site personnel for the
duration of an incident. Additionally,
numerous federal grants and programs
are being offered that can assist with
the purchase of a MSCC interoperable
D isaster R es o urce G uide
emergency response mobile communi-
cations infrastructure.
But like any new technology, users
must educate themselves on their
options and capabilities in order to
avoid painful, mission-disruptive (and “auto-acquisition” antenna mounted to
36
expensive) incompatibilities, limita-
tions or failures. This article is intended
to provide a helpful resource for best
practices information.
The Basics
Your first step should be to iden-
tify your communications needs based
on your mission. MSCC vehicles are
best suited to rapid-response deploy-
ments where voice, video and data
communications are needed to support
1-20 users (bandwidth of 1-5 Mbps
for all data). These units are best for
situations where rapid deployment is
essential and expected use period is
up to 48 hours (semi-permanent com-
mand posts should be deployed for
longer-use situations.)
A basic MSCC needs to be fitted with
a satellite WAN (Wide Area Network)
communications system; LAN (Local
Area Network) communications gear
that may include phones, LMR (Land
Mobile Radio) units, laptop PCs, and
video or digital still cameras; and
power generators to run the equipment
at the deployment site. The satellite
WAN link is typically built around an
the roof of the vehicle and equipped
with servomotors that allow it to auto-
matically point itself at its assigned
satellite and activate the network link.
For budgetary purposes, depending
on configuration, a MSCC (including
vehicle and communications gear) can
cost between $50,000 and $150,000 to
build. For ongoing use, monthly com-
munications service charges between
$150 and $1500 can be expected in
addition to vehicle fuel, maintenance
and operations expenses.
Vehicle Tips
MSCCs are available to rent from many
companies, which provide these vehi-
cles on demand in case of emergency.
However, many emergency response
organizations prefer to own their
vehicles, allowing total control and
instantaneous response.
Any vehicle of SUV (Sport Utility
Vehicle) size or larger is a potential
candidate for a MSCC. The “coolest-
looking” vehicles like Hummers and
Jeeps often seen as demo units are not
always the best choice for extended
duration deployments, however; a large
van-like vehicle such as the Dodge
Sprinter (www.dodge.com/sprinter/)
may be a better fit.
 Since an auto-acquire antenna weighs
between 150-250 lbs. (depending on
the manufacturer and size of the dish),
sunroofs are inadvisable and the vehicle
roof may need to be reinforced to carry
the weight. Holes may also need to be
drilled as conduit for cables (a satellite
antenna will require two coaxial cables
to run to the satellite modem inside
the vehicle).
MSCC vehicles should be outfit-
ted with external power umbilicals to
accept outside power, with Alternat-
ing Current (AC) power inverters. The
vehicle may also require augmented
AC capacity in its internal wiring.
Communications Solution Tips
MSCC vehicle communications gear
can be as simple as a satellite antenna
and modem connected to a PC or VoIP
phone, or can be as sophisticated as
a complete integrated kit designed
The satellite communications provider
for a MSCC is an essential link in the
emergency response chain: if your net-
work isn’t operating when you need
it, then the mission is a failure. When
selecting a provider, look for a network
operator that has multiple geographi-
cally distributed teleport facilities and
a national infrastructure so that region-
al disaster conditions will not impair
your ability to communicate.
Choose a satellite system designed
for “industrial-grade” use; common
“consumer” satellite systems are inex-
pensive but are not built to support
heavy data usage (such as VoIP or
video) and mission-critical availability.
Many satellite providers offer emergen-
cy response-tailored satellite services.,
such as Agiosat (www.agiosat.com),
SkyPort (www.skyportglobal.com) and
Spacenet (www.spacenet.com).
external metal ground cable) to prevent
damage to sensitive electronics.
The vehicle power generator should
be equipped for extended usage. An
electronics-friendly fire extinguish-
er system (such as Halon) should be
equipped in the vehicle, as well as a
carbon monoxide detector if the gen-
erator is in extended use. Field spares
on vital equipment are a must for both
the vehicle and the satellite system.
You can build a vehicle yourself if you
have the necessary expertise, or you can
contract construction and integration
to one of the many firms dedicated to
building emergency response vehicles.
These include SciTerra (www.sciterra.
com), Wolf Coach (www.wolfcoach.
com), Frontline Communications
(www.frontlinecomm.com) and LDV
(www.ldvusa.com).
About the authors

specifically for emergency response
deployment such as the Cisco iComm
(www.spacenet.com/cisco/) or the Pac-
Star 5500 series (www.pacstar.com).
While the first thing that most people
think of when building a MSCC system
is the vehicle or the antenna, the choice
of service provider is even more critical.
Putting It All Together
Integrating your communications sys-
tem requires planning. Equipment in
the MSCC should be firmly secured
and shock-mounted with rubber grom-
mets so that it is not damaged in
transit. Grounding for the equipment
should also be provided (through an
David Myers is Senior Vice President of Market-
ing and Corporate Development for Spacenet
Inc., one of the nation’s largest and most experi-
enced providers of satellite communications for
enterprises and government. He can be reached
at 703-848-1200 or david.myers@spacenet.com. 
Jeffrey Carl is Director of Marketing for
Spacenet. He can be reached at 703-848-1068
or jeff.carl@spacenet.com.

When 911 Can’t Respond...

What Will You Do?

Will You Regret Not Having Supplies?

Take Action Today! We can help you stretch Emergency Lifeline Corporation
limited budget dollars to provide for:

Search & Rescue For complete product listings, contents lists

of our kits, and much more, visit our website!!
Or call us today!!
Medical Response
(800) 826-2201
EVACUATION www.emergencylifeline.com

Food & Water

Sanitation
Light & Warmth
37 37
Communications
DISASTER RESOURCE GUIDE 2006 / 2007 huma n co n cer n s
 Advertiser IndeX & Resources
AAE Systems JPI Worldwide
www.aaesys.com jpiworldwide.com
DISASTER RESOURCE GUIDE ON THE WEB
Page 23 Page 10
Published by Emergency Lifeline Corp. Visit the Online GUIDE. Lots of good information!
Anacom, Inc. Loral Skynet PO Box 15243 Exclusive Online Articles, What’s New, Industry
www.anacominc.com www.loralskynet.com Santa Ana, CA 92735 Briefs, Meet the Pros, Purchasing Priorities and
Pages 17, 19 Page 24 Tel: (714) 558-8940 much more!
Andrew Mobile Satellite Fax: (714) 558-8901
www.disaster-resource.com
www.andrew.com Ventures info@disaster-resource.com
Page 33 www.msvlp.com www.disaster-resource.com Disaster Resource GUIDE – Volume 11 Issue 3,
Page 16 Executive Publisher: W.T. Rainey March 2007 – is published quarterly (March, May,
EgyptSat August and November) by Emergency Lifeline
Publisher: Kathy Gannon Rainey
www.egyptsat.com MotoSAT
Editor: Alison Dunn Corporation, 1510 East Edinger Ste D, Santa
Page 9 www.motosat.com
Directory Coordinator: Carlos Rincon Ana CA 92705 and mailed/distributed to quali-
Page 31
Emergency Lifeline Production Coordinator: Daniel Herrera fied individuals who have requested a copy and
www.emergencylifeline.com ND SatCom who have oversight or responsibility for business
Advertising Sales: Del Edwards,
Page 37 www.ndsatcom.com continuity, enterprise risk, crisis management,
Marcy Rios
Page 22 emergency response, and/or homeland security.
Globalstar Circulation: Carlos Rincon
www.globalstarusa.com SES Americom Individual copies are available for $20.00. Appli-
Page 11 www.ses-americom.com Production Credits cation to Mail at Periodicals Postage Rates is
Page 40 Creel Printing Pending at Santa Ana, CA.
GVF
www.gvf.org Spacenet Luis Alvarado Design
Views expressed by contributors are not necessarily
Page 38 www.spacenet.com/dr Luis Alvarado
those held by the publishers. The publishers do not
Page 27 Trina Werkema
Hughes accept responsibility for the veracity of statements
Ricardo Hurtado
www.hughesnet.com Telenor made by the editorial or advertising contributors.
Pages 2, 34 www.telenor.com/satellite Photo CREDITS The information is printed in good faith.
Pages 12, 14 8 FEMA
iDirect Technologies Postmaster: Send address changes to
21 ND Satcom
www.idirect.net Xtar
PO Box 15243, Santa Ana, CA 92735.
Page 5 www.xtarllc.com
Page 39
A dvertiser I n de x & R es o urces
D isaster R es o urce G uide

38
 ",Ê8‡
Ê
"1 

/" -Ê Ê
/ Ê"Ê  ,
9\Ê""Ê/"Ê8/
,Ò
3ATELLITESAREANESSENTIALCOMPONENTOFDISASTERANDlRSTRESPONDERCOMMUNICATIONS4ERRESTRIAL
COMMUNICATIONSLINKSAREHIGHLYVULNERABLETODISRUPTIONDURINGNATURALORMANMADEDISASTERS
3ATELLITESlLLTHEVOIDDURINGTHElRSTCRITICALHOURSANDDAYSUNTILTERRESTRIALLINKSARERESTORED
4HEYCANINTERCONNECTSEAMLESSLYWITHWIRELINELANDMOBILEANDCELLULARRADIOSTOENSURETHEDELIVERY
OFHELPHOPEANDNECESSARYRESOURCESTOENSURETHESAFETYANDWELLBEINGOFAFFECTEDPOPULATIONS

$(3&%-!(1
GE
#OVERA

5!6
F
%DGEO

.ATIONAL'UARD
$AMAGE
!SSESSMENT -OBILE%MERGENCY
&IRST #OMMUNICATIONS6AN
2ESPONDER 53#OAST'UARD

7HY8 "AND
/PERATINGINTHE8 BANDFREQUENCYRESERVEDFOR'OVERNMENTAND-ILITARY84!2SSATELLITES
HAVEUNIQUEFEATURESTHATMAKETHEMIDEALFOREMERGENCYCOMMUNICATIONS
w3IGNALSLESSSUBJECTTORAINFADEASSURINGCOMMUNICATIONS
INTHEMIDSTOFDESTRUCTIVEWEATHERPATTERNS
w#OMMUNICATIONS ON THE MOVE#/4- ATHIGHDATARATES
NOTLIMITEDBYCLOSELY SPACEDCOMMERCIALSATELLITES
w#ANOPERATEWITHSMALLLIGHTWEIGHTINEXPENSIVETERMINALS
w)NTEROPERABLEWITHSTATE.ATIONAL'UARD3ATCOMTERMINALS

7HY84!2
84!2OPERATESTWOSATELLITESINTHE8 BANDFREQUENCYDEDICATEDTOCIVILANDMILITARY
GOVERNMENTAGENCIESAND!LLIEDPARTNERS84!2PROVIDES
w'OVERNMENT ONLYLEASING
w"ANDWIDTH ON DEMANDPRICING
w,EFTANDRIGHTHANDPOLARIZATIONENABLINGMOREACCESSIBLEBANDWIDTH
w&ASTDEPLOYMENTANDUP TO THEMINUTEINTEROPERABILITY
w#OMPLETECOVERAGEOFWEATHER CHALLENGEDSTATES
w%ASEOFACCESSBY$/$USERSTHROUGH$343 'CONTRACT

/œÊi>À˜Ê“œÀiÊ>LœÕÌÊ8/
,ÒÊ
ۈÈÌÊÜÜÜ°ÝÌ>ÀV°Vœ“ÊœÀÊ«…œ˜iÊ£°Î䣰Óxn°ÎÓÎx

&! 3 4 & , % 8 ) " , %  8 "! . $ # ! 0!# ) 4 9

!JOINTVENTUREBETWEEN,ORAL3PACE#OMMUNICATIONSAND()3$%3!43!
 Ready for Anything.

Even the most reliable land-based data and voice

infrastructures can be disrupted by disasters.
The REDiSat Network ™ is engineered from the ground
up as a pro-active emergency communications solution.
At its foundation is the world’s leading satellite fleet, The REDiSat Network™
Land-based equipment
providing you with connectivity immediately when crisis employs satellite to
is destroyed. Your
hits within the contiguous United States, interupting reconnect your systems.
connectivity is lost.
Voice & data services are
critical infrastructure.
restored.
By putting back-up communications capabilities
on site at your business locations, REDiSat Network™
delivers affordable around-the-clock connectivity and
peace of mind. Home and branch offices alike are able
to reestablish critical data and voice services virtually
D isaster R es o urce G uide

within minutes.
For a free cost-benefit analysis of your situation,
please call Sophie Gerber at (1) 703-610-1015 or send an
e-mail directly to: redisat.network@ses-americom.com.

www.ses-americom.com © 2007 SES AMERICOM

40