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Arduino Uno

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Arduino Uno R3 Front

Arduino Uno R3 Back

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Arduino Uno R2 Front

Arduino Uno SMD

Arduino Uno Front

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Overview
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet
(http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/doc8161.pdf)). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used
as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.
It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a
AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.

The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features the
Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.
Revision (http://arduino.cc)
2 of the Uno board has a resistor pulling the 8U2 HWB line to ground, making it easier to put into DFU mode
(http://arduino.cc/en/Hacking/DFUProgramming8U2).
Revision 3 of the board has the following new features:
-

1.0 pinout: added SDA and SCL pins that are near to the AREF pin and two other new pins placed near to the RESET pin, the IOREF that allow the shields
to adapt to the voltage provided from the board. In future, shields will be compatible with both the board that uses the AVR, which operates with 5V
and with the Arduino Due that operates with 3.3V. The second one is a not connected pin, that is reserved for future purposes.

- Stronger RESET circuit.

- Atmega 16U2 replace the 8U2.

"Uno" means one in Italian and is named to mark the upcoming release of Arduino 1.0. The Uno and version 1.0 will be the reference
versions of Arduino, moving forward. The Uno is the latest in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference model for the
Arduino platform; for a comparison with previous versions, see the index of Arduino boards (http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Boards).

Summary
Microcontroller

ATmega328

Operating Voltage

5V

Input Voltage (recommended)

7-12V

Input Voltage (limits)

6-20V

Digital I/O Pins

14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

Analog Input Pins

DC Current per I/O Pin

40 mA

DC Current for 3.3V Pin

50 mA

Flash Memory

32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader

SRAM

2 KB (ATmega328)

EEPROM

1 KB (ATmega328)

Clock Speed

16 MHz

Schematic & Reference Design

EAGLE files: arduino-uno-Rev3-reference-design.zip (http://arduino.cc/en/uploads/Main/arduino_Uno_Rev3-02-TH.zip) (NOTE:
works with Eagle 6.0 and newer)
Schematic: arduino-uno-Rev3-schematic.pdf (http://arduino.cc/en/uploads/Main/Arduino_Uno_Rev3-schematic.pdf)
Note: The Arduino reference design can use an Atmega8, 168, or 328, Current models use an ATmega328, but an Atmega8 is shown
in the schematic for reference. The pin configuration is identical on all three processors.

Power
The Arduino Uno can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power supply. The power source is selected
automatically.
External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by
plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the board's power jack. Leads from a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin
headers of the POWER connector.
The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V, however, the 5V pin may supply less than
five volts and the board may be unstable. If using more than 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The
recommended range is 7 to 12 volts.
The power pins are as follows:
- VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power source (as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other
regulated power source). You can supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through this pin.
- 5V.This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The board can be supplied with power either from the DC power jack (7 - 12V), the
USB connector (5V), or the VIN pin of the board (7-12V). Supplying voltage via the 5V or 3.3V pins bypasses the regulator, and can damage your board.
We don't advise it.
- 3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is 50 mA.
- GND. Ground pins.
- IOREF. This pin on the Arduino board provides the voltage reference with which the microcontroller operates. A properly configured shield can read the
IOREF pin voltage and select the appropriate power source or enable voltage translators on the outputs for working with the 5V or 3.3V.

Memory
The ATmega328 has 32 KB (with 0.5 KB used for the bootloader). It also has 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM (which can be read
and written with the EEPROM library (http://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/EEPROM)).

Input and Output

Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output, using pinMode()
(http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/PinMode), digitalWrite() (http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/DigitalWrite), and digitalRead()
(http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/DigitalRead) functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive a maximum of 40
mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50 kOhms. In addition, some pins have specialized
functions:
- Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2
USB-to-TTL Serial chip.
- External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value. See the
attachInterrupt() (http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/AttachInterrupt) function for details.
- PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() (http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/AnalogWrite) function.
- SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI communication using the SPI library (http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/SPI).
- LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off.

The Uno has 6 analog inputs, labeled A0 through A5, each of which provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). By
default they measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and
the analogReference (http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/AnalogReference)() function. Additionally, some pins have specialized
functionality:
- TWI: A4 or SDA pin and A5 or SCL pin. Support TWI communication using the Wire library (http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Wire).

There are a couple of other pins on the board:

- AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analogReference (http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/AnalogReference)().
- Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset button to shields which block the one on the board.

See also the mapping between Arduino pins and ATmega328 ports (http://arduino.cc/en/Hacking/PinMapping168). The mapping
for the Atmega8, 168, and 328 is identical.

Communication
The Arduino Uno has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer, another Arduino, or other microcontrollers. The
ATmega328 provides UART TTL (5V) serial communication, which is available on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). An ATmega16U2 on the
board channels this serial communication over USB and appears as a virtual com port to software on the computer. The '16U2
firmware uses the standard USB COM drivers, and no external driver is needed. However, on Windows, a .inf file is required
(http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/Windows#toc4). The Arduino software includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be
sent to and from the Arduino board. The RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash when data is being transmitted via the USB-toserial chip and USB connection to the computer (but not for serial communication on pins 0 and 1).
A SoftwareSerial library (http://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/SoftwareSerial) allows for serial communication on any of the Uno's
digital pins.
The ATmega328 also supports I2C (TWI) and SPI communication. The Arduino software includes a Wire library to simplify use of the
I2C bus; see the documentation (http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Wire) for details. For SPI communication, use the SPI library
(http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/SPI).

Programming
The Arduino Uno can be programmed with the Arduino software (download (http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software)). Select "Arduino
Uno from the Tools > Board menu (according to the microcontroller on your board). For details, see the reference
(http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/HomePage) and tutorials (http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/HomePage).
The ATmega328 on the Arduino Uno comes preburned with a bootloader (http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Bootloader) that allows
you to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It communicates using the original STK500
protocol (reference (http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/doc2525.pdf), C header files
(http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/avr061.zip)).
You can also bypass the bootloader and program the microcontroller through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) header; see
these instructions (http://arduino.cc/en/Hacking/Programmer) for details.

The ATmega16U2 (or 8U2 in the rev1 and rev2 boards) firmware source code is available . The ATmega16U2/8U2 is loaded with a DFU
bootloader, which can be activated by:
- On Rev1 boards: connecting the solder jumper on the back of the board (near the map of Italy) and then resetting the 8U2.
- On Rev2 or later boards: there is a resistor that pulling the 8U2/16U2 HWB line to ground, making it easier to put into DFU mode.

You can then use Atmel's FLIP software (http://www.atmel.com/dyn/products/tools_card.asp?tool_id=3886) (Windows) or the
DFU programmer (http://dfu-programmer.sourceforge.net/) (Mac OS X and Linux) to load a new firmware. Or you can use the ISP
header with an external programmer (overwriting the DFU bootloader). See this user-contributed tutorial
(http://www.arduino.cc/cgi-bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?num=1285962838) for more information.

Automatic (Software) Reset

Rather than requiring a physical press of the reset button before an upload, the Arduino Uno is designed in a way that allows it to
be reset by software running on a connected computer. One of the hardware flow control lines (DTR) of the ATmega8U2/16U2 is
connected to the reset line of the ATmega328 via a 100 nanofarad capacitor. When this line is asserted (taken low), the reset line
drops long enough to reset the chip. The Arduino software uses this capability to allow you to upload code by simply pressing the
upload button in the Arduino environment. This means that the bootloader can have a shorter timeout, as the lowering of DTR can
be well-coordinated with the start of the upload.
This setup has other implications. When the Uno is connected to either a computer running Mac OS X or Linux, it resets each time a
connection is made to it from software (via USB). For the following half-second or so, the bootloader is running on the Uno. While
it is programmed to ignore malformed data (i.e. anything besides an upload of new code), it will intercept the first few bytes of
data sent to the board after a connection is opened. If a sketch running on the board receives one-time configuration or other data
when it first starts, make sure that the software with which it communicates waits a second after opening the connection and
before sending this data.
The Uno contains a trace that can be cut to disable the auto-reset. The pads on either side of the trace can be soldered together to
re-enable it. It's labeled "RESET-EN". You may also be able to disable the auto-reset by connecting a 110 ohm resistor from 5V to the
reset line; see this forum thread (http://www.arduino.cc/cgi-bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?num=1213719666/all) for details.

USB Overcurrent Protection

The Arduino Uno has a resettable polyfuse that protects your computer's USB ports from shorts and overcurrent. Although most
computers provide their own internal protection, the fuse provides an extra layer of protection. If more than 500 mA is applied to
the USB port, the fuse will automatically break the connection until the short or overload is removed.

Physical Characteristics
The maximum length and width of the Uno PCB are 2.7 and 2.1 inches respectively, with the USB connector and power jack
extending beyond the former dimension. Four screw holes allow the board to be attached to a surface or case. Note that the
distance between digital pins 7 and 8 is 160 mil (0.16"), not an even multiple of the 100 mil spacing of the other pins.

COMMENTS

securitylabgold 1/23/2013
Reply | Report
Dear Sirs,

I bought your Pulse Sensor http://pulsesensor.myshopify.com/ on November, 2012 and Arduino UNO developer kit only now
January, 2013
I try to install drivers for the Arduino Uno with Windows7, Vista, or XP:
file:///C:/Users/Eli/Documents/arduino-1.0.3-windows%20 (1)/Arduino 1.0.3/reference/Guide_Windows.html,but can't complete
the following operation:
Look under Ports (COM & LPT). You should see an open port named "Arduino UNO (COMxx)"
Right click on the "Arduino UNO (COmxx)" port and choose the "Update Driver Software" option.
Next, choose the "Browse my computer for Driver software" option.
Finally, navigate to and select the Uno's driver file, named "ArduinoUNO.inf", located in the "Drivers" folder of the Arduino
Software download (not the "FTDI USB Drivers" sub-directory).

 Windows will finish up the driver installation from there.

Please see what I see at screen of my computer at attachment.
Could you help to install an Arduino UNO (COMxx) driver to my computer HP Pavilion dm4-1 1 60us Entertainment Notebook?
Best wishes,
Eli
212-961-6643

smeezekitty 2/4/2013
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You need to go to device manager and manually point windows to your Arduino installation directory. Better to ask on the forum.

metaf5 2/7/2013
Reply | Report
I *may* be an idiot, but I've had a lot of trouble finding an explicitly defined way to get the Rev3 board with the 16u2 into DFU
mode...I managed to get it once, I think by chance, but I can't get it a second time...is there any hidden/lost official documentation
on how to do this?
Thanks

prasad8mhatre 2/11/2013
Reply | Report
i am working the project of 3d sensor cube
<http://makeprojects.com/Project/A+Touchless+3D+Tracking+Interface/2233/1>
there is bug.
so can you tell me another way in which i can use this concept and interact on vb6 form
and perform various function on the form like click,drag and drop events

siddharthgujral 3/16/2013
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Hi,
I am working on a project of digital fuel level indicator.
Please anyone tell me which arduino should I choose for my project.
Eagerly waiting for a reply.

araujodm20 4/15/2013
Reply | Report
Hi siddhar,
Any choice is based at least in memory size, number of I/O and final cost. If the cheapeast one is enough for you there is no reason
to use any other, isnt it?
Cheers,

MaxKulik 3/18/2013
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What driver should I use on a computer running Windows 8?

lovetronic 3/21/2013
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what is the different between serial port communication & USB communication? can i transfer data from potentiometer direct to
matlab via the USB (to reduce data transfer being delay when plot in matlab)? can i use TX pin?

tstc 3/26/2013
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Dear Sirs,
What is the maximum current for 5V pin Arduino Uno Rev.3? I intend to supply through it a few peripheral devices and the
maximum current consumption of those is 100 mA.
Faithfully Yours,
tstc

araujodm20 4/15/2013
Reply | Report
Hi tstc,
If I am not wrong, maximum current is about 200mA total.
Cheers,
Daniel Araujo

sarkis 4/4/2013
Reply | Report
Hello sirs,
I am new to this product, could someone help me for a way for getting the signature of the board using C++?
Best regards

atlee 4/22/2013
Reply | Report
hi,
is there any way of interfacing arduino uno with touchshield?
any libraries or codes available?

AC3000 4/22/2013
Reply | Report
Hi Atlee,
yes, it's possible. Someone talked about the same issues in the official forum
(http://arduino.cc/forum/). Take a look :
Best regards,
AC

waltern351 4/25/2013
Reply | Report
I am having problems uploading to my board.
(Arduino Uno) anything I try to upload the following line is:
avrdude :stk500_getsync ()not in sync: resp=0x00
Any advice would be appreciated
I have tried just about any setting but nothing works.
waltern31@verizon.net

AC3000 4/30/2013
Reply | Report
Hi to waltern351,
this is a common issue, simple to solve. You can write to support@arduino.cc and ask about this.
AC

Liamthe1st 9/4/2013
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stupid answer why not just give the answer if it is simple.
Rather than getting people to write to Italy even e-mail would be better.

ajimzack 5/26/2013
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'Supplying voltage via the 5V or 3.3V pins bypasses the regulator, and can damage your board. We don't advise it.' i dont understand
this statement regarding the power for the board..anyone?can help me?

ACicchi 5/27/2013
Reply | Report
Hi ajimzack,
if you want to force a voltage input to the board through those pins, you can, but they haven't a voltage regulator. It means that
higher voltage values would damage the microprocessor or the connected components because they usually work at 5V and the
voltage regulator fixes that input.
AC

jaomadn 7/14/2013
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Im planning to build my own power supply, may i ask the transformer AMP should i buy, Message above state that usb power
should not pass 500mA. so i buy less than that for the external 7-12 volts transformer.

eraynisa2010 7/23/2013
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Greetings, I would like to make solar tracking system, waiting for your opinion on this issue mechanic? This way you can have clean
energy?

abusedmedia 7/30/2013
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ajhiker 8/3/2013
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Hello, There are two solar tracking systems I've been building using two approaches. One uses a cmos camera with solar and
polarizing filter with a fish-eye lens. The other uses a plano convex lens positioned over photo diodes. Both use algorithms to
calculate the azimuth and elevation angles. The angles are reported to an lcd. The is a analog 1- 5 vdc and digital 16 bit output for
both axis'. The camera uses a rudimentary shape recognition and the photo-diode method compares the average light with the
diodes having the peak values. To reduce the number of photo diodes math comparison computes the relative brightness amount
those with the highest values.

ajhiker 8/3/2013
Reply | Report
Please excuse the typos: "The is a analog 1- 5 vdc" should be "There is a analog 1- 5 vdc".
Second typo: "relative brightness amount those with the highest values" should be "relative brightness among those with the
highest values"
After a year of brightness data the winter and summer solstice values will be known. A temperature sensor tracks the average highs
and low trends. By using the average brightness and temperature trends the device can resolve the seasons. Given a camera with
high enough resolution it will track our solar calendar at least to the week. This of course is true for the photo diode solar tracker
also. Note there is a device called skycam used by astronomers. It has a likeness in positional resolution capabilities but is designed
to do so be tracking stars.

ajhiker 8/3/2013
Reply | Report
This device will be named "Solar Lathe" copy right reserved.

vineeshc9 8/19/2013

Reply | Report
Hi, Sir
Can i connect 9volt with 1 Amps power supply to the Arduino Uno

a_guadalupi 8/19/2013
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Hi, yes you can!

ashwinswarup 8/23/2013
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During loop back test for arduino uno.
The rx tx leds are glowing when using serial monitor i send data. But i see no echo on the serial monitor itself. I dont have any
external supply connected just the usb to pc.
connections are Reset to GNd , Rx to Tx

ashwinswarup 8/23/2013
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Here is a link to a photo of how i have connected the board
http://postimg.org/image/8vpr6386r/

Angelo9999 8/26/2013
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Hello ashwinswarup,
have you tried to use diffrents baudrate speed?
Regards

Angelo9999 8/26/2013
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different*

Liamthe1st 9/4/2013
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some one please tell me why windows 8 will not let me upload even the examples and gives me the same answer contact the
applications support.Basically the Runtime requested it to terminate in an Unusaual way. avr-g++ returned 3

gemasoft 9/15/2013
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Hi, i'm using arduino uno for a home automation product. But i have a problem. I use an xbee pro s2, and with 1 arduino is all ok.,
but when i use another arduino, the communication fail. The enc28j60 stop and watchdog don't functioning. I think all the atmel
stop.The problem is that 1 arduino is ok, and another fail. I have 100 arduino uno for this project. thanks

ameertg 9/20/2013
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Does the arduino Uno come with jumpers and and a USB cable or do I have to buy everything separately?

castroy 10/10/2013
Reply | Report
Hello!
Can I use the arduino uno with ethernet shield?
Thanks
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