Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Prof. A. Plumier
Oslo, 7th November 2007
Structural Types
Moment resisting frames
Frames with concentric bracing
Frames with eccentric bracings
Composite wall structures Type 1 and 2
Mixed systems Type 3 = Concrete walls/columns. Steel or composite beams
TYPE I
Steel or composite
moment frame with
concrete infill panels.
TYPE 2
Concrete walls
reinforced by encased
vertical steel sections.
TYPE 3
d
s,steel
s,composite
x
d
s,steel
s,composite
Structural
Ductility Class
Concept a)
Low dissipative structural DCL
q 1,5 (2*)
behaviour
Concepts b) or c)
q4
DCM
Medium or High Dissipative
+ Limits of Table 12
structural behaviour
DCH
Limits of Table 12
*the National Annex can allow q = 2 in class DCL.
Behaviour factors q
Upper limit reference values of behaviour factor q
STRUCTURAL TYPE
Ductility Class
DCM
DCH
As for steel structures.
See Table 3.
4u/1
4,5u/1
4u/1
Materials.
Concrete and reinforcement of concrete
C20/25 Concrete C40/50
Reinforcing steel, bars and welded meshes considered to contribute to the plastic
resistance of dissipative zones => ratio fu/fy and available elongation
Class B or C in DCM EN1992-1-1:2004, Table C.1
Class C in DCH
Only ribbed bars except for closed stirrups or cross ties
In slabs flanges of composite beams:
welded mesh that does not comply with the ductility requirements may be used
in dissipative zones provided thaty ductile reinforcing bars are present to duplicate
the mesh
Justification: a reliable negative plastic moment resistance in the connection zones
requires the presence of ductile reinforcement
Plastic resistance of dissipative zones: 2 different plastic resistances
Lower bound plastic resistance (pl, Rd) in design checks concerning the sections
of dissipative elements, calculated considering concrete and ductile steel components
Upper bound plastic resistance (U, Rd) in the capacity design of the elements
that are adjacent to the dissipative zones, established considering the concrete
and all the steel components present in the section
hb
s1 s1
s1 s1 s1
A
C
s1< c
bp = hc
A steel beam
B face bearing plates
C reinforced concrete column
A
C
c
b = bc
tf
tw
c
b = bc
s s s s s s s
h = hc
tw
h = hc
tf
note: = (fy/235)
0.5
with fy in MPa
20
14
30
21
13,5
30
21
13,5
42
38
33
38
38
33
10
db
bo bc
s
ho
hc
hC
kr = 1
kr = 1
10<<80
kr = 0,8
AT
}
C
}
A
AT
AT
AT
}
B
A Exterior Node
B Interior Node
C Steel beam
D Faade steel beam
E Reinforced concrete cantilever edge strip
A Exterior Node
A: Exterior column
B: Interior column
C: Longitudinal beam
D: Transverse beam
or steel faade beam
E: Cantilever concrete edge strip
F: Extended bearing
G: Concrete slab
Transverse element
be
(Elastic Analysis)
At exterior column
Not present,
or re-bars not anchored
be for I
Positive M
Positive M
Interior
column
Exterior
column
Exterior
column
Interior
column
Exterior
column
Positive M
Exterior
column
Positive M
Exterior
column
Seismic re-bars
For negative M : 0
For positive M : 0,025 l
be for MRd
(Plastic
resistance)
0,1 l
steel alone
composite steel-concrete
B
E
A
C
A : seismic link
B : face bearing plate
C : concrete
D : additional longitudinal rebars
E : confining ties
T
Steel or composite
moment frame with
concrete infill panels.
TYPE 2
Concrete walls
reinforced by encased
vertical steel sections.
TYPE 3
Mechanical behaviour
of
shear walls Type 1 and 2
Analysis
Type 1 or Type 2 vertical fully or partially encased
Structural steel sections act as boundary members of reinforced concrete infill panels
Analysis assumes: seismic action effects in boundary members are axial forces only
shear forces are carried by the reinforced concrete wall
the entire gravity and overturning forces are carried by
concrete shear wall acting compositely
with the vertical boundary members
Type 3
Composite coupling beams: 2 different flexural stiffness in the analysis
min = 2h
h
C
C: shear connectors
D: cross tie
V
le
B
2/3
le