Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Verffentlichungen ARCO
2012
Editorial: ARCO-Nepal
Prof. Dr. H. Hermann Schleich
September 2012
FIRST ACTIONS AT BUDO HOLI
TURTLE RESCUE & CONSERVATION CENTRE
First Translocation of a
Peacock Softshell Turtle at
Budo Holi Turtle Rescue
& Conservation Centre .
and also of
Yellow-Bellied Roofed Turtles
..3
..3
..4
..4
..5
..6
..7
..7
Next Issues:
!!ARCO Spain, November 11th 2012
ARCO Nepal, December 2012
Annual Assemblages:
A publication of ARCO-Nepal
Copyright free after permission and credit to ARCO-Nepal reg.soc.
More about us at
www.arco-nepal.de
2
We introduce:
Our New Project Partner and new
ARCO-Nepal employee MILAN KHAREL
working for his ph-thesis and realisation
of Turtle Rescue and Conservation
programs at Budo Holi TRCC
Milan Kharel, born on 27/08/1980 (2037/05/11),
married, 2 children. Studied in Jhapa and Biratnagar,
Notary translation of Government acceptance
letter to start with Turtle Rescue Conservation
Centre in SE-Nepal.
ambitious. It will have multiple functions as a centre for research, conservation, education and
conservation-tourism and activities related with freshwater and terrestrial turtles. It will also serve
as a rescue centre for turtles confiscated from illegal trade. Physical facilities for the centre shall
5
include an open-air hatchery, a building as information centre and to house laboratory and office.
Others shall be ponds for freshwater turtles and outdoor enclosures for rescued turtles, breeding
ponds for captive breeding programs, outdoor exhibits for interpretive purposes and an education
centre. Staff, visiting scientists, and volunteers shall have a basis to work and stay. Its main
objective is to serve as living conservation centres for freshwater and terrestrial turtle research
and to conduct research in all aspects of their biology and ecology. Previous study show that
various roof-shelled turtle species such as Pangshura flaviventer, Pangshura smithi smithi,
Pangshura tentoria circumdata, softshell turtles like Nilssonia gangeticus, Lissemys punctata,
Nilssonia hurum, and more terrestrial species like Indotestudo elongate and Melanochelys
tricarinata were existing in Jhapa. Recently, during summer 2012 turtle species like Lissemys
punctata, Nilssonia hurum and Pangshura flaviventer could have been translocated into the main
lake of TRCC area. An updated checklist of the existing flora and fauna in and around the study
area is under preparation. There will be built seminatural habitats for aquatic and terrestrial turtles
and research and education programs initiated. Fund-raising activities, and public outreach through
educational campaigns together with the establishment of a Recreation Park including a small
zoological sanctuary serving as a rescue centre for animals confiscated from illegal trade shall
contribute for its sustainability and income generation for the speciesconservation and livelihood of
the local people.
September, 2012
Board of Directors
Prof.Dr.Hermann Schleich
President
H. Mario Pichler
Vice President
Waldemar Dziakonski
Treasurer
ADVISORY BOARD
Dr. Christiane Anders
D-Munich
Dr. Markus Baur
D-Munich
Prof.Dr. Rudolf Hoffmann
D-Munich
Dr. Werner Kaestle
D-Sachrang/Aschau
Dr. Peter Praschag
AU-Graz
Dr. Peter Pritchard
USA- Florida
Jose-M. Rodriguez Linde
E- Almera
Henk Zwartepoorte
NL-Rotterdam
Prof.Dr. KaluRam Rai
Nepal
Partner of TSA
Turtle Survival Alliance
Verffentlichungen ARCO
2012
December 2012
DEVELOPMENT PLANS FOR THE
TURTLE RESCUE & CONSERVATION
CENTRE AT JHAPA
The dammed lake is filled to max. level since summer 2012
Table of Contents
Development Plans for the Turtle Rescue & Conservation Centre at Jhapa
The building complex
Dam constructions
4
5
7
7
8
Annual Assemblage:
Jahreshauptversammlung
Aerial view of SUMMEF Recreation Park Area and integrated planning of Budo Holi TRCC
Legend for outline/line markings
Black: outline marking of TRCC area
Black: TRCCentre Building with
office, lab, reception etc.
Yellow: Earthen ways/paths around
park and inside TRCC
Blue: Pond and basins for turtle
maintenance and breeding purposes
Pink: Tortoises (terrestrial turtle area)
Blue shaded: Education centre
Dam Constructions
Early construction phase
of the main dam for the
recreation lake area at
Sanichare Martyrs Park..
The dam is now finalized
and to the left of it (see
photo) the area for the
future TRCC lake is
shown here. Up to 100 cm
deep shall become the
attached artificial lake for
the turtle conservation
project. with another dam
construction
For this work ARCONepal still seeks funding
and donations to start as
soon as possible with its
realisation.
A platform for controlled feeding by visitors shall be part of the general construction work.
Scheme for dam construction of TRCC lake and small pond
Drawing: D. Tavor
The north-western part of the park area still bears
more possibilities for future development by a second
small damming project.
5
Different views of the TRCC area : Sal trees of open small forest in background mark the free
roaming tortoise area for Indotestudo elongata. The blue thatched former picnic shelter will be
converted to an Education Centre.
Turtle Conservation
for Nepals Endangered Species
Field ID Cards by ARCO-Nepal
2012
December, 2012
Board of Directors
Prof.Dr.Hermann Schleich
President
H. Mario Pichler
Vice President
Waldemar Dziakonski
Treasurer
Advisory Board
Dr. Christiane Anders
D-Munich
Dr. Markus Baur
D-Munich
Prof.Dr. Rudolf Hoffmann
D-Munich
Dr. Werner Kaestle
D-Sachrang/Aschau
Dr. Peter Praschag
AU-Graz
Dr. Peter Pritchard
USA- Florida
Jose-M. Rodriguez Linde
E- Almera
Henk Zwartepoorte
NL-Rotterdam
Prof.Dr. KaluRam Rai
Nepal
Partner of TSA
Turtle Survival Alliance
Verffentlichungen ARCO
2013
March 2013
SUMMEF Recreational Park & Nature Reserve
Is going to be opened now, spring 2013
Table of Contents
. 1
2-3
3
4-5
6-7
. 8
BIC SSKMDEMMXXX
BLZ 70150000
IBAN DE95701500001000099984
The big main lake of the SUMMEF Recreation Park & Nature Reserve has been filled completely
till end of 2012. Here we could release the first rescued and translocated Roofshelled terrapins
(Pangshura) and Softshell turtles (Nilssonia, Lissemys).
One year of work and preparation for developing and realizing the infrastructure of a new
recreation Park in Sanichare / Jhapa (SE-Nepal) sets the basis for starting with the first
constructions for the Budo Holi Turtle Rescue & Conservation Centre. The cost evaluations
had been made by the Nepali Head institution of the SUMMEF Park, our joint venture
partner.
..and first decisions to start immediately with necessary construction works have been
given by ARCO-Nepal right now this March 2013!
1
The planned lakes 1 + 2 (a future possibility might be a still undecided lake 3) shall serve for
primary acceptance and housing of confiscated turtle species as well as breeding for nonaggressive species that allow to be kept in groups, of course, having the proper infrastructures,
thus also containing visual obstacles, vegetation and hiding as well as basking places.
For Lake 1 we need a concrete dam being constructed of approx. 32 m to receive overflow
water from the main lake. The general size of this. max. 1 m deep will be approx. 1600 sqm and
160 m of perimeter.
ARCO-Nepal gave agreement to SUMMEF to start asap with this construction!
For Lake 2 an earthen dam is planned of 18 m length to achieve 160 qm allowing about a same
water depth of max. 1m. Both lakes shall receive a lower mesh wire fencing, 20 cm dug into
ground and 50 cm above surface to prevent the project turtles from escaping.
The area S to the planned Education
Centre (see next issue of newsletters)
shall receive 3 ponds also for primary
acceptance, separate breeding of
species and housing of confiscated
turtle species.
The background of the photo shows
the place for small future enclosures
for protected rearing of hatchlings
and for breeding purposes for more
aggressive species.
The pillars seen to the left are part of
the future education centre.
2
Of course we are well aware that we are just stepwise approaching the challenge of
breeding endangered turtles in the sake of conservation issues but unless the proper
infrastructure is not developed we just must fight for the survival of confiscated, donated or
whatever survival chance we get for native turtle species.
Date of entry:..
Reporters name:..
Address: ..Cell...............
Common Name of the species: Eng
Species ID: Nep:..
Scientific name of the species:.....
Date of first sight/collection:........................
Location of sight/collection:.
Time of sight /collection:Day:
sunny
cloudy
rainy
Hand
Condition:
Dead
Alive
Sex:
Male
Female
Special features:
Hook
Spots/Markings
External injuries:
Yes
Net
Trap / Others:
Juvenile
Yes
No
No
Type: .
.
Coloration: Carapace: . Plastron: .
General condition:
Kept in...
Food given: ..
Species rescued by:
Released at: TRCC, Jhapa
Date:
Time
Notes/Remarks:
4
N: Putali Kachhuwa
Date of Entry:
25.10.2012
Expired (date):
Others:
Entry data
Locality/Origin form: Bouddha Tole, Damak-10, Jhapa
Imported by (name): Local farmer, Collected from: Canal Way of catchment (hooked/netted/hand
etc): By Hand Acquired by: Milan Kharel
ID photos/drawings/sketches
Sex female
Age sad
Mea su remen ts
Subsequent measurements on separate following data/paper sheets to be added in file holder,
length width (measured at maximum straight mid line) in cm:
Carapace/Shell
Plastron/Shell
Tail-length
Height
Weight (gm)
12.0-11.0
11.5- 10.0
2.0 cm
5.0 cm
240 g
Additional information/notes
Not any external injury was seen at the time of reporting.
5
2. EDUCATION. Four study books (2012) for teachers, students and children are now available
Turtle Conservation
for Nepals Endangered Species
Field ID Cards by ARCO-Nepal
2012
AMPHIBIANS
All known and proved to occur
AMPHIBIANS
of Nepal, with listing of all species and 32
colour photos with full A4 size black/white
drawings for all species
-- to be coloured according to samples given
in colour photographs-- are shown.
32 pages. ISBN 978-3-9814938-3-2
The turtle pillar is mounted in the courtyard of Purnachandi Mandir (temple of Hindu deity of
power, MAHAKALI dated on Bikram Sambat 1219 or Nepal Sambat 208 (present 2070 BS)
which is about 851 years back, around 1162 AD. It is located in the lalitpur sub-metropolitan
city, ward no -20, Kathmandu, Nepal about 200 m east from the Krishna Mandir of Patan
(which is included in the list of world heritages published by UNESCO). During preliminary
survey no other authentic information about the artist of the turtle is collected. According to
locals, the pillar was built by Nepali artist. Reported by: Milan Kharel
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Meetings/assemblages:
Turtle Survival Alliance, 11th meeting: August 7-10th, St. Louis
ARCO-Spain soc. reg., Tabernas, S-Spain at Cortijo Sol y Vida,
Annual assemblage: May 18 th . New Email: arco.spain05@gmail.com
Verffentlichungen ARCO
2013
In 2012 the big main lake of the SUMMEF Recreation Park & Nature Reserve has been filled
completely replacing the formerly abused wetland area. Here we could release the first rescued and
translocated terrapins and Softshell turtles during last years acitivities. Finally two dams will be
constructed only this year s early onset of monsoon rains stopped the construction works.
1
Make your Donation Now!!!! Vote for Turtle Conservation and support our project in SE
Nepal that we can continue with our project development for rescuing, homing and breeding
endangered turtle species of Nepal:
Account/Kto.-Nr. 1000099984
BIC SSKMDEMMXXX
Bank/Credit Institute: Stadtsparkasse Mnchen
BLZ 70150000
IBAN DE95701500001000099984
Finally in time for the World Turtle Day the dam is constructed and the lake is being filled
Project review on Budo Holi Turtle Rescue & Conservation Centre in SE-Nepal
After 25 years working with Nepal for the study and conservation of amphibians and reptiles, ARCONepal (Amphibian and Reptile Conservation-Nepal is the first association founded and dedicated for
research and conservation on Nepals herpetofauna) reached its main target to collaborate directly with
the government authorities in the realization of an active turtle conservation program. About 15 years
ago first planning details for a turtle conservation centre were made for Chitwan National Park and
realized by the Nepali government, Dpt. National Parks & Wildlife (see www.arco-nepal.de).
Arco-Nepal now is glad to have received after many years application the chance for constructing a
Turtle Rescue and Conservation Centre (TRCC) in Sanichare/Jhapa district, SE Nepal. In April 2012 a
Memorandum of Understanding had been signed between ARCO-Nepal and SUMMEF (Sukhani
Martyrs Memorial Foundation) both collaborating as joint venture partners. The project had been
accepted by all national authorities and planning started immediately after agreement. After the
planning phases and accepted cost evaluations, international fund raising activities commenced and
allowed the start of first constructions this May 2013.
Nepal has a potential of 17 turtle species although only 14 are proven so far for their occurrence in the
lower subtropical parts of the country.
The TRCC will be settled in a forested recreation park donated from the Nepali government to the
Local Community District where in honour of the first martyrs for the fight of democracy, are placed
their statues. The whole 22 ha big area is fenced and protected by gates and guardians. A small river
drains the former abandoned wetland and a big dammed lake had been filled up last year, serving now
for fishing, boating and other recreational facilities.
The TRCC shall receive an independent but attached dammed artificial lake of more than 1,000 sqm, a
dammed pond of 260 sqm. In an area of approx. 3,500 sqm, to be fenced finally and partly forested,
several 40 sqm sized pools and various breeding and rearing ponds will be constructed. A central
building for visitors, guests, laboratory etc., an education centre and perhaps a worshipping place shall
become installed, too.
The TRCC shall serve for rescue of confiscated specimens and as breeding centre for Nepals
endangered turtle species as well as training and education centre for the conservation and protection
of turtle wildlife.
By H. Hermann Schleich for Arco-Nepal. c/o Arco-Instituto y Nucelo Zoolgico, E-04200
Tabernas/Almera, Spain; (arco-nepal@t-online.de).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Field Guide
to
Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal
By Kstle, W., Rai, K. & Schleich, H.
2013
Trustee+Editor of Newsletters
Terry Gildert, E- Uleila
Basics
To write and submit monthly detailed report documented also by jpg-photos in quality to be published
To communicate in the requested way by mail and/or verbal
To leave items being purchased for the project as part of project or ARCO properties and to maintain in proper conditions
Tasks
to protocol exactly and detailed the status quo before commencement of the project, then with the development of the project and its
finalisation for having real parameters fixed to discuss what is positive, negative, where are improvements or deteriorations and how will
be proved and realized sustainability for future etc.
The candidate also should start immediately with contacts to locals and fishermen and try to get asap first turtle breeding colonies
together also if there are to make some enclosures provisionally etcListing of all activities of third parties and of SUMMEF regarding the project development
To apply for this position, please submit a Curriculum Vitae and cover letter to
Prof. Dr. Kaluram Rai or directly to Arco-Nepal@T-online.de by August 15.
www. arco-nepal@t-online.de
Arco-Nepal acknowledges the collaboration with Milan Kharel for the year 2012 and conveys best wishes for his future work.
Verffentlichungen ARCO
2013
CONTENT
Construction of second smaller lake soon finalized
Next steps at the Budo Holi TRCC the breeding and rearing unit
Ideas for the Education Centre
Fieldguide of Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal 625 pp, coloured, b/w drawings
ARCO-Spain celebrated its First Open Day Event with great success
Job-Posting for our Turtle & Rescue Centre at SE-Nepal
....
.
.
.
.
.
1
3
4
5
6
8
A triangular shape following an existent depression in the project area is undug and being used
with a new now 2nd dam construction at the project area- to form another artificial lake of
approx.. 260 sqm.
1
In 2012 the big main lake of the SUMMEF Recreation Park & Nature Reserve has been filled
completely replacing the formerly abused wetland area. Here were released the first rescued and
translocated terrapins and Softshell turtles during last years acitivities. Finally two dams will be
constructed for the turtle conservation centre only this year s early onset of monsoon rains stopped
the construction works.
Now this second dam for a smaller lake of approx. 260 sqm is almost finalized.
The dark area in the rear shows a forested Sal wood area, the limit of the parks boundary. The midline
forms the new dam for the triangular lake area in front of the picture. (all photos: Tanka Battarai)
2
In November 2013 the efforts of SUMMEF made it possible: The second dam is constructed to allow
more turtles a future home and better separation of the various species as another independent lake for
the conservation issues.
The TRCC shall receive an independent but attached dammed artificial lake of more than 1,000 sqm,
a dammed pond of 260 sqm. In an area of approx. 3,500 sqm, to be fenced finally and partly forested,
several 40 sqm sized pools and various breeding and rearing ponds will be constructed. A central
building for visitors, guests, laboratory etc., an education centre and perhaps a worshipping place shall
become installed, too.
Next steps at the Budo Holi TRCC the breeding and rearing unit
The existing rearing and breeding area at Chitwan National Park turned out to be useful for that
purpose and we try to take over that idea by constructing 6 small ponds of 100 x 150 cm and four of
200 x 200 cm. A general depth of 60 cm shall allow proper catching and handling of specimens and of
course an individually controllable in- and outflow for proper and easy filling with fresh water and
emptying for cleaning and disinfection are the basic conditions. The whole area must be fenced with
strong chicken mesh wire against predators being dug into the ground till 30 cm and also the roof and
lateral sides have to receive the same protection and natural grasses for giving shade partially. Each
pool must be fenced individually and have a simple but proper door together with a small pathway or
service corridor appropriate for reaching both sides of the tanks.We do have the idea, concept and the
place but clearly spoken we need also some help from your side with some donations to make
this rearing and breeding area a reality!!!!!!!!
Education Centre
The physical units shall be realized by
Conversion of the existing Picnic shelter into an Education Centre
Didactical open air course with explicative panels at the tortoises reserve
Education Programs at the TRCC &
Education at Schools of S-Nepal e.g.:
x Learn, Study and describe the
different activities at a TRCC and
about serious scientific work
x Life of Turtles
x Turtles in our History and Religion
x Turtles and Superstition
x How to eat what once is believed
to be part of the cosmogenesis
x Turtles of the World
x Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal
FIELD GUIDE
to Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal
Kstle , W., Rai, K. & Schleich, H.H.
with identification keys and distribution maps, Size A 5, 625 pages,
52 pl./156 color photographs, 177 maps, over 1000 black/white illustrations
Nepali & English
Basics
To write and submit monthly detailed report documented also by jpg-photos in quality to be published
To communicate in the requested way by mail and/or verbal
To leave items being purchased for the project as part of project or ARCO properties and to maintain in proper conditions
Tasks
to protocol exactly and detailed the status quo before commencement of the project, then with the development of the project and its
finalisation for having real parameters fixed to discuss what is positive, negative, where are improvements or deteriorations and how will
be proved and realized sustainability for future etc.
The candidate also should start immediately with contacts to locals and fishermen and try to get asap first turtle breeding colonies
together also if there are to make some enclosures provisionally etcListing of all activities of third parties and of SUMMEF regarding the project development
To apply for this position, please submit a Curriculum Vitae and cover letter to
Arco-Nepal@T-online.de
www. arco-nepal@t-online.de
Verffentlichungen ARCO
2014
CONTENT
Planning for Breeding & Rearing Centre finalized
Planning for simple workshop finalized
Progress Report in the building of ARCO-Nepal Turtle Rescue & Conservation
Centre Budo Holi in SE-Nepal
Fieldguide of Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal 625 pp, coloured, b/w drawings
ARCO-Spain -Loss of a great friend, member, chief editor, volunteer & trustee
.... 1
. 4
. 5
. 7
. 8
New in 2014:
Construction of Breeding
& Rearing Centre cum
Open air workshop
Breeding &
Rearing Ponds at
the new TRCC
A nine by twelve meter
area shall be used for
the construction of
eight small ponds.
Six of them with sizes
of approx.. 120 x 140
cm outer size and 60 cm
deep should serve for
keeping smaller species
in quarantine, for
breeding purpose or for
rearing of hatchlings till
they reach sizes
appropriate for being
released to outdoor
enclosures
Two of them for mating
purposes of softshells
being built in bigger
size of 220 x 140 cm.
All of them must
receive small antiescape fencing and a
surrounding part of land
for egg laying and
basking.
Most grateful we
acknowledge that
great collaboration
and contribution
again to
D. Diego Tovar
Who already
helped in the early
phase of planning
with his architecttural advices
FIELD GUIDE
to Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal
Kstle , W., Rai, K. & Schleich, H.H.
with identification keys and distribution maps, Size A 5, 625 pages,
52 pl./156 color photographs, 177 maps, over 1000 black/white illustrations
Nepali & English
A R C O SPAIN
Anfibios y Reptiles en Conservacin
Asociacin para la Conservacin de Anfibios y Reptiles, reg. No. 3482, NIF G04528774
INSTITUTO Y NUCLEO ZOOLOGICO No. 6354, Ctjo. Sol y Vida Ctra. A 349 /
km 1, E- 04200 Tabernas /Almera / Espaa. Email: arco.spain05@gmail.com
January 2014, Special Issue
Mourning for a
Great Friend, Wonderful Person Trustee & Editor of ARCO-Es, Member & Enthusiastic Volunteer
Terry became member to ARCO-Spain in 2013 and immediately took over responsibility, weekly
volunteer work and collaboration, brought spirit and activities as chief-editor for our newsletter,
acted as fundraiser and trustee, coordinator and organizer for first volunteers days and
unforgettable our first and successful 1st open day event on October 5th, 2013.
Terry was the person to put hands on, helping mentally and physically with ideas, patience, great
humor and own independent most helpful contributions
.and never having any a bad word for anyone or anything
.. For the Open Day Event & Inauguration of Centro de Interpretacn de
Anfibios y Reptiles de la Provincia de Almera TERRY greatly collaborated to its development
and success
.what we never forget and acknowledge every day having spent together
It was a long term desire and effort to reach
TERRY started as chief editor our first official newsletter and gave it format and appearance
Terry always was much and more than welcome to all of his friends
and he had many of us
he left us with only 58 years much too early
Assemblage meetings, volunteers day, preparation work, ....whatever TERRY was always with
us and will it always be
Verffentlichungen ARCO
2014
Make your Donation Now!!!! Vote for Turtle Conservation and support our project in SE
Nepal that we can continue with our project development for rescuing, homing and breeding
endangered turtle species of Nepal:
Account/Kto.-Nr. 1000099984
BIC S S KMDEMMXXX
Bank/Credit Institute: S tadtsparkasse Mnchen
BLZ 70150000
IBAN DE95701500001000099984
Table of Contents
..... 1
.. 4
.. 6
.. 7
. 11
In February 2014 the new Field Guide Book on Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal (625 pp in
Nepali & English) had been launched successfully. S pecial price offers exist for S AARC countries and Nepali students.
Visit to Budo Holi Turtle Rescue & Conservation Centre (TRCC) in February
2014 an illustrated progress report
Nothing looked anymore as it was seen at our last visit and construction work was partially completed,
ongoing or being started for the new construction units. Improvements and minor modifications had
been finalized in continuous work days and all ponds had at day of our departure been done.
M easurements taking and perimeter fixation for breeding centre (left) and central building (right)
Three finalized ponds can be seen, the one in the background serving for quarantine
The middle rear part of the photo shows the entrance area from SUM M EF Nature & recreation park to
the TRCC. The blue covered shelter in the middle will be converted into the education centre with a
nature walk. The photo to the right below shows finalization with anti-escape fencing and areas for
palustrine and aquatic plants
3
Exhibition
Fig. 1,2: Tortoises rescued by ARCO president Hermann Schleich with help of family Shrestha from a temple in 2002 and
being forwarded to Chitwan National Park
The tortoises have been collected by ARCO-Nepal president and collaborators from a temple in Kathmandu, from a mini
zoo of Hetauda and from the Koshi Tappu River with technical backup from Arco-Nepal. A few specimen could have been
collected and rescued by CNP from nearby villages of CNP.
All specimen delivered to CNP by Arco received individual data sheets as shown in newsletter 05 and had been forwarded
to CNP. The setup of the first turtle conservation program including new maintenance facilities at CNP had been designed
by ARCO-Nepal and realized by late Dr. Tirtha Man Maskey, former Director General.
The turtle conservation program is fully and regular managed by the Government of Nepal since 2000 with a budget of $
750 to $ 1000 allocated each year for feeding and maintenance costs.
Figs. 2,3: Left area for terrestrial species, right area for aquatic species, both at its initial phase (photos: H. Schleich)
Aims of the program
s.n
.
Species
1
.
Terrestrial Species
Elongated tortoise
(Indotestudo elongata)
2
.
3
.
Aquatic Species
Indian-flapshell turtle
(Lissemys punctata)
4
.
Number of species
29
2 ad, 6 ad,
6 sub-ad 9 juv
and 6 hatchlings
2 ad, 3 ad
4 ad
ad
5
.
Brown-roofed turtle
(Pangshura smithii smithii)
6
.
7
.
Total
ad
2 ad, 4 ad
7 ad
Food provided
Remarks
CITES II
CITES II
CITES I
CITES II
CITES II
Not recorded
CITES I
53
Fig. 4: Species and number of specimen actually kept at Kasarah Turtle Breeding Centre Chitwan National Park and type of
feeding. (Editors note: ARCO did deliver husbandry and diet plan but the shown practice is not in accordance)
Fig. 5,6: Starter group of turtles brought by Arco. A big problem in the beginning was the heavy infestation with
entoparasites in Indotestudo and details of identification and treatment had been forwarded by Arco-country representative
Prof. Dr. K. Rai in 2004 (photos: K.R.Rai).
From mating to hatching
Species listed on table above as nos 3 to 7 are kept in a single enclosure where 2 ponds managed. (Editors note: The lack of
adequate separation of both ponds by a half meter high fence could avoid the migration of the bigger softshells in between
the two ponds and preying on newborns of other terrapins.)
Currently, 25 Indotestudo elongata individuals are kept for breeding in the center. This species has bred since 2004 until
now producing more than 30 eggs. Of the 9 hatchlings born in 2013, 6 are surviving in good healthy condition.
Melanochelys trijuga and Melanochelys tricarinata have reproduced but no hatchlings survived. Indotestudo elongate and
Melanochelys trijuga lay eggs in September/October and hatch naturally with no human interference and no artificial
incubation during heavy rains at monsoon time in July. Most eggs of Melanochelys trijuga were eaten by a predatory
mongoose.
Generally, mating was observed from 2nd week of May to end of July but peak time of mating is the last week of June. The
records show, that mating took place either early morning before sunrise or in the evening after sunset and which takes an
average of 30 minutes. The play before mating includes a series of chasing the female by the male and striking their shells,
hitting and producing a dhyke-dhyker sound. When they attain the position of intercourse, the male open its mouth
producing sounds like syaerr, syaerr.., syaerr and the female facilitates ejection by pushing up her sexual
parts or back parts/ventral parts. The paring is so strong that even the appearance of a stranger is not noticed.
In our practice, hatchlings are left with the adults for about 1-2 week after hatching and then all hatchlings are transferred to
another smaller baby-care pen where exists a semi-natural habitat. Hatchlings are fed regularly flower of China rose (Rosa
chinensis) and pumpkin (mature, yellow and sweet) and buffalo meat once a week for additional protein. China rose flower
and pumpkin are accepted as favored food for hatchlings and adult turtles.
Rescue or collection of turtle species from their natural habitat to receive a proper male and female ratio.
Employing turtle care taker for enclosure sanitation, natural food collection and survey of turtles in their natural
habitat.
Having proper established breeding centres at CNPs and other lowland NPs there shall be no doubt that within a short span
of time, a sustainable turtle conservation program can contribute to the survival of our endangered species.
Readings
1992: Schleich,H.H. & Maskey,T.M.:Der Chitwan Nationalpark im Sden Nepals.- Natur u. Museum, 122(8):248-257
1998: Schleich, H.H. & Maskey, T.M.: Necessity for a Turtle Conservation in Nepal.- Verffentlichungen FuhlrottMuseum, 4: 281-290
2002: Schleich,H.H. & Kstle, W. (Hrsg.): Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal.- 1201 pp. (A.R.G.Gantner) FL-Ruggell.
2012: Schleich,H.H. & Rai,K.R.: Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal TURTLES.- pp.32; web: Arco-Nepal.de.
2012: Schleich, H.H.: Turtle Conservation for Nepals Endangered Species Field ID Cards by ARCO-Nepal, 42 pp.
Arco-Nepal, Munich
2013: Kstle, W., Rai, K. & Schleich Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal.- pp 625, ARCO-Nepal, Munich
Editor s note: As we can report from Kasarah Breeding centre at Chitwan National Park (kindly
submitted by Bed Kharka/CNP) several Indotestudo elongata have been bred successfully during last
years. They are offspring from a group that had been brought by ARCO-Nepal to Kasarah 10 years
ago. The adults are roaming with complete natural vegetation and surroundings in one of the open air
enclosures ARCO-Nepal planned for DNPWS at the beginning of the millennium. The offspring have
been reared and raised at the already existing Crocodile Breeding and Rearing Station. Now the time
comes to transfer them to the open air enclosure for observation and adaptation to their planned future
wild life. All individual data sheets of the parental group as well as release suggestions by IUCN and
others had been forwarded to CNP, too.
10
Testudines
Melanochelys trijuga (Indian
Black Turtle)
Status: Lower Risk/near
threatened ver 2.3 / CITES II
Rapti River, Kasarah HQ
Collected + photo: 2014 Apr
10
By Bed Kharka, Assistant Warden, Chitwan Nat. Park; bed.khadka@gmail.com
Serpentes
Sibynophis collaris, Collared
black headed snake, M ale
kalotauke sap
M ustang, Nepal
latitude, longitude
28.74242897903338
83.68156528420513,
2675 m asl
2005 Sept 4; photographs only
collected
M arpha, M ustang
By Mukesh K. Chalise, PhD, Central Dept. Zoology, Tribhuvan University; mukesh57@hotmail.com
11
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Without your generous donations, we would not have already achieved what has
been done so far. We would like to express our acknowledgment and
THANK YOU!!!
(mentioned below are donations received of 200 EUROS and more)
British Chelonian Group
Herpetofauna Foundation, NL
W. Kaestle
NBS V Nederland
H.M. Pichler
Van Rossem
Rutherford, Bristol
S tudbook Foundation, Klaaswaal
Turtle S urvival Alliance Europe
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Table of Contents
Video of the ARCO-Nepal project now on YouTube
..... 1
.. 2
Your donations helped to finalize anti-escape fencing for our turtle sanctuary!
.. 5
The Education Centre still can be finalized and awaits your contribution
.. 7
.. 8
. 9
. 10
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWZtEJkv90I
1
Chillagad Lake
I myself found Lissemys still more abundant during my field trips but this was the first time I saw
Indotestudo (except Chitwan NP and TCC Bhadrapur). I tried to convince them to give that tortoise to
us but still decision is pending as they requested some money from us.
Your donations helped to finalize anti-escape fencing for our turtle sanctuary!
We are very grateful and pleased to mention
donations (alphabetically) by
Gifkins, Mr.&Mrs
URGENTLY NEEDED!!!
Your collaboration and donation
for realizing the final fencing of
the whole BudoHoli - TRCC
4
We need general security fencing
for 170 meters with several courses
of brick from ground level,
Two of the three finalized artificial ponds measuring each approx. 40-60 sqm below.
The Education Centre still can be finalized and awaits your contribution
we need EUR 5.500.We need EUR 2.500.for restoring the building and
preparing it with beams and
panels for fixation of the 32
weatherproofed 100 x 100 cm
posters for in- and outside
. and we need another
EUR 3.000.-
Exhibition
By
Nabin Bhattarai
This Kechana Kalan is the border place to India and the lowest
altitude (58 m) of Nepal. Wet land is seen on the periphery of this
area. At this place a pillar had been constructed during the regime
of King Mahendra. The pillar is placed above a turtle shell. Some
local people told that the turtle and King both are symbolic forms
of god Vishnu. So the king has set such monument in this area as
others told that this is the place for turtle and so he kindly established
that construction. King Mahendra also gave his name to the famous
King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation (KMTNC).
During my visit, I was talking to more than 30 persons about the
wetland of Kechana area and its situation for turtles.
TRCC-Representative
Arco-Nepal
In the past there was a very big natural pond at Kechana a small market place. Now this natural pond is
divided into 7 big and 2 small ponds for fish farming by the Village development committee (VDC).
This is the boarder market at the Indian frontier and lies 3 km S and 1 km E.
Nowadays turtles are sold at this market only occasionally but it was a regular item 7-8 years before.
Local fishermen of this area stated that Lissemys punctata and Melanochelys trijuga can be found in
this natural pond (according presentation of ARCO's turtle poster for identification). Also Nilssonia
hurum and gangetica are thought being still common species in the 5-6 ft deep Mechi river. But this is
not a confirmed result however we hope that there are still chances for these species to be found in that
area, what also had been documented by Prof. K. Rai.
Five contacted persons from that area promised to collaborate informing us when fishermen collect
those turtle species.
Nowadays the turtle situation is deteriorating in Kechana Kalan because most of indigenous people
living here collect and eat the turtle whenever they can find. But happily the collection frequency is
very low in these days. Except Muslims all people kill turtle for meat as food item.
For our TRCC at Sanichare some aquatic plants including big sized lotus (Nelumbo) were transferred
form here and visits will continuously be repeated.
For the future we are planning to realize awareness programs for local people about turtles and their
importance. I think that after such educative inputs killing of turtle cant be avoided but it may help us
to rescue specimens of Nilssonia hurum and gangetica.
This lake needs some conservation
issues for being protected for its
unique wetland habitat as more as
it is regarded as cultural place, too.
Nevertheless locals are searching
for food at its premises including
also protected turtle species.
Free electronic copies of the book (4.1 MB) are available for download here:
http://www.bik-f.de/root/index.php?page_id=77&projectID=55
The new ARCO-NEPAL Field Guide (2013) about reptiles and amphibians in Nepal - dont miss it!
With identification keys and distribution maps, Size A 5, 625 pages, 52 pl./156 color photographs,
177 maps, over 1000 black/white illustrations, Nepali & English Published by ARCO-Nepal reg.soc.
Send your order to Arco-Nepal@t-online.de + Bank payment
Price: 68.- EUR + postage 12 EUR within Europe, + 24 EUR
outside Europe. We deliver only upon prepayment on our
account: Nr. 1000099984 BIC SSKMDEMMXXX
IBAN DE95701500001000099984
Bank/Credit Institute: Stadtsparkasse Mnchen, BLZ 7015000
9
Following table:
(IDS = Individual data sheet as practiced by ARCO)
10
01E
02E
03E
04E
05E
Remarks
Plastron
length x width
12
7
11.5 6
13
8
11
7.2
12.5 7.0
Kg.
0.50
0.50
0.90
0.55
0.60
Enclosure site selection was chosen where there was that uprooted hollow trunk in natural condition
and wild fruit tree of Tatari (Dillenia pentagyna) are available. This is to help tortoises to hide
underneath that hollow trunk and to feed on fruits when fallen from the tree inside the enclosure.
According to our observation tortoises feed on mature fruits of Dillenia pentagyna. We manage also to
provide additional food Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo; mature yellow colour and sweet taste) and
Chickpea (Cicer arientium being soaked one day before offered) from first day until final escape from
enclosure.
By: Bed Bahadur Khadka; Assistant Conservation officer, Chitwan National Park.
Email: bed.khadka@gmail.com
11
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We really need your help now! Make you donation or join ARCO-Nepal as a member for only
2,50 per month! Account/Kto.-Nr. 1000099984 BIC S S KMDEMMXXX Bank/Credit Institute:
Stadtsparkasse Mnchen BLZ 70150000 IBAN DE95701500001000099984
12
Verffentlichungen ARCO
2014
Table of Contents
page
12
18
19
Season s greetings
20
Video of the ARCO-Nepal project now on You Tube and follow us on:
Every Euro or Dollar is wanted for crowdfunding! Please also see:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWZtEJkv90I
1
aquatic vegetation and wild growing native plants converted the artificially constructed ponds into
natural independent habitats
Our triangular earthen pond had been equipped with underwater separation units (left) to receive
bigger and more aggressive softshell turtles. And the TRCC dammed main lake has soon changed into
a wonderful natural habitat to receive a variety of turtle species.
Early this summer the SUMMEF Recreation & Nature Park celebrated its inauguration to public and
last month a police station had been installed to safeguard the park and surroundings.
(photos: N.Bhattarai/ARCO)
2
In October took place the laying of the foundation stone for our TRCC - Building accompanied by a
traditional Hindu ceremony after right day and time had been chosen carefully.
Basic works for the foundation and a view of the plan for finalization of the construction
Front view
Rear view
Basement
Bathroom
kitchen
laboratory
lab/animalhospital
Side entrance
for lab/hospital
Library &
meeting room
First floor
Having same dimensions as basement and also the basement walls are carrying the 1 st floor walls.
The middle part is highest due to the inclined roof, the outer peripheral area is just on a height of
approx. 150 cm, places high enough for beds, shelves etc.
Kitchen
sleeping room
sleeping room
The first floor shall have an independent stairway for guests, to avoid entering through the basement.
There is a small kitchen, a bathroom (shower + sink, lavatory) and an European styled toilet.
Two sleeping and one storage room shall offer possibilities for VIP guests, Researchers, Advisory Board
Members to stay at TRCC when the need arises.
What is ARCO-Nepal?
Amphibian and Reptile ConservationNepal (ARCO-Nepal) is the first association which is working in the field of
Herpetofauna Nepal since past 25 years
ago. As its main task, Turtle conservation
is started first time in Chitwan before and
15 years later first captive born and
grown tortoises were released there by the
department of National Parks and
Wildlife Conservation.
The programme was chaired by chief of SUMMEF local management committee (SLMC) Mr. Birkha
Pradhan, special guest Prof. Dr. KR Khambu, guest Mr. Arjun Rai and Hari Dahal and other invitee
are Nabin Bhattarai, TRCC representative and Kamal Sangraula. More than 100 peoples participated
in the programme who are residents of surrounding of TRCC area.
Hari Dahal, member of SLMC has started the programme with his welcome speech. Arjun Rai, vicepresident of SUMMEF gave his speech on how ARCO-Nepal and SUMMEF jointly run this TRCC
project. Prof. Rai focused on turtle species in Nepal, scientific value, necessity of conservation, status
of turtle in Nepal and the expectation of TRCC to local communities. TRCC representative explained
the infrastructure made at TRCC as well pipeline construction work for turtle rescue and sustainable
conservation of turtle in SE Nepal. Interactive session was the core part of the programme where
participants raised their query and shared their experience. We, Nabin Bhattarai and Prof. Rai,
responsed to their query. Also, at this session, we collected comments and compliments about the
TRCC and turtle conservation. Representative voices are presented below translated into English.
Mr. Pradhan closed the session with word of thanks to participants, guests, chief guest and other who helped
the turtle conservation in Budoholi and this programme.
By: K.R. Rai & N. Bhattarai, ARCO-Nepal reg. soc.
Seen above is the well in the centre (detail left) and right the two Lissemys taken out from it.
9
Similar information we received when searching for turtles keeping in mind that the common name is
Kachuga in Nepali and formerly also was in use as a generic name for several species. Thus, also
receiving the first verbal information more than 25 years ago, of Kachugas (Batagur sp.) living in the
rivers of South Central Nepal and at Chitwan National Park. So far, we do not see evidence for proven
records of these big growing highly endangered terrapins and in the publication of CARON exactly
these particular species are shown with a wide distribution in Nepal but only by using photographs
authored by I. DAS, a serious scientist colleague dedicated to herpetology from S-Asia for his whole
life. Similarily, first records of the Indian eyed or ocellated turtle Morenia petersi which after years
turned out to be that its shell had been received from a petrol station on the way to Indias border and
was never recorded in the close by mentioned lake.
Another misleading publication is a book Herpetology of Nepal: A study of amphibians and reptiles
of Trans-Himalayan Region of Nepal, India, Pakistan and Bhutan by T.K. Shrestha (2004). We
reprint (in part) the book review on Amazon by Smoochy:
I'll come right out and say it - the captions for the pictures in this book are the greatest I've ever seen.
Get this book just for them. The language barrier allows for great one liners such as "Rock agma
basking on the sun", "Wild and Acenic Arun River Chutes Down in to deep gorge near Golga village
with terrific roar and the thunder.", "Ready for sucking spermatophores", "Snake man wearing cobra
blowing his flute semi-terrestrial", and my favorite "Its tail is brown with black mark, which made the
snake quite dreadful." ..
As far as formatting, this book is difficult to use. There are no page headings Names are a bit
strange, and strange murals and diagrams are found in the text. Pictures change from color to black and
white halfway through the plates, and follow a completely different format like two books were stuck
together. Species accounts are punctuated by sidebars like "Ranching Crocodiles in Himalayan
Waters" and sections on how to build a turtle breeding pond. (By the way, you'll notice that the turtle
park and crocodile park diagram are the same, with different cartoon animals drawn in over top).
Focusing still on the turtles again,
FRAZIER (1992) confirmed that there were neither Agrionemys horsfieldii nor Geochelone elegans
originally occuring in Nepal. Thus, as a result of my own experience in dealing with Nepals
local herpetofauna, especially the turtles, I agree and fully support the statements by FRAZIER &
DAS (1994):
10
Free electronic copies of the book on Venomous snakes of Nepal (4.1 MB) are available for
download: http://www.bik-f.de/root/index.php?page_id=77&projectID=55
The ARCO-NEPAL Field Guide (2013) about reptiles and amphibians in Nepal - with identification keys
and distribution maps, Size A 5, 625 pages, 52 pl./156 color photographs, 177 maps, over 1000
black/white illustrations, Nepali & English Published by ARCO-Nepal reg.soc.
Send your order to Arco-Nepal@t-online.de + Bank payment
Price: 68.- EUR + postage 12 EUR within Europe, + 24 EUR outside Europe. We deliver only upon
prepayment on our
account: Nr. 1000099984 BIC SSKMDEMMXXX IBAN DE95701500001000099984
Bank/Credit Institute: Stadtsparkasse Mnchen, BLZ 7015000
For orders within Nepal we do have special offers please request by mail!!
11
Abstract
Conservation and development are co-conflicting terms of the modern age. From the environmental
point of view, the anthropogenic activities are often considered a leading factor for the depletion of wildlife. In
the name of development and practical work in the educational institutes, the loss of a large number of frogs,
lizards and other animals for dissecting, went either unnoticed or ignored. Previously the required specimens
were imported into Nepal from India. This caused no effect on the local species. When India banned export of
specimens into Nepal (1999) for biological utility, local collection increased leading to a dwindling population
of commonly found species. Nepal has felt an immediate need for conservation. Unavailability of specimen in
many Government and private educational institutes created an alarming situation. Concerning the
environmental aspects, there is an urgent need to control the injudiciously commercial collection of the
specimens from their natural habitats. Keeping this view in mind, an attempt has been made in this paper to
analyze the problem and to draw the attention of conservationists towards wildlife farming and breeding for
scientific research, to fulfill the crucial educational necessities in the country.
Keywords: Anthropogenic impacts, herpetofauna, dissecting material, educational institutes, wildlife
farming, Nepal.
Introduction
Geographically, Nepal lies in the subtropical region but it has diversified climatic belts. It has rich
biodiversity which includes 177 species of herpetofauna (SCHLEICH & KAESTLE, 2002, KSTLE, RAI &
SCHLEICH, 2013). Throughout the history of civilization, human activities have been harmful to the natural biota
(DUELLMAN & TRUEB, 1986). Since the 1960s the physical condition and productivity of forest resources have
been gradually deteriorating due to the excessive pressure of over population, overgrazing, and other natural and
manmade calamities (BAJRACHARYA, K.M., 1999). Therefore, only a few remnants of natural forests have
survived where most of the rare wildlife was found and many species have now become endangered. For
example the declining frog populations have caused a heavy economic strain, not only due to the tremendous
rise in purchase of insecticides but also due to the damage to the ecosystem (SHRESTHA, 1990). Rapid
urbanization and industrialization occurs with wide scale deforestations and also is radically changing the
indigenous traditions, whereas science and technological education is bringing an inevitable progress in
everybodys life. In Nepal, most of the scientific research activities are carried out in government laboratories,
different institutions under the universities and Nepal Academy of Science and Technology. While the history
of education in sciences goes back to almost 80 years, the history of scientific research in teaching institutions
of our country is relatively recent (BAJRACHARYA, D., 1999). Introduction of dissertations at post graduate
levels in early 1970s contributed significantly to the promotion of research activities in the teaching departments
of T.U. (ibid). But now, with the expansion of universities, research centers, medical institutes and private
teaching institutes, where a large number of dissecting animals (mainly earthworms, cockroaches. molluscs,
fishes, frogs, lizards, birds, rats etc.) are here still needed for morphological and physiological tests and
experiments. Recently, the education system of Nepal has introduced +2 programme at Higher Secondary level,
where the biological education is offered as a pre-university syllabus. This being developed as a multiuniversity concept (fig. 1) during the last decade. Besides Tribhuvan University (TU) there is Kathmandu
University (KU), Purvanchal University, Pokhara University and affiliated medical colleges established. These
universities have introduced several biological research courses in their curriculae from the levels of
intermediate to Bachelor and Master (tab. 2), where, the locally available perianthropic species of amphibians
and reptiles are chosen for dissections. Such unexpected high demand is causing and creating problems not only
at procurement level for the research institutes but is decimating the species and seriously affecting nature
conservation.
12
Fig. 1: Science Campuses of T.U., K.U., P.U. and Purvanchal University in Nepal
Institutes/Universities/HSS-HMG
T.U., Sc. & Tech. T.U.
(1997)
T.U., Science and Technology
(2001)
Eastern Development Region
"
Middle Development Region
"
Western Development Region
"
Midwestern Development Region
"
Far Western Development Region
"
K.U., Science Faculty
(1997)
K.U., School of Science
(2001)
HMG, Higher Secondary Ed. (10+2) (2001)
Levels
Intermediate
7,366
6,539
1,236
3,726
1,095
183
302
378
439
24,368
Total students
Bachelor
3,378
4,921
669
3,247
607
121
277
192
245
Master
1,283
1,159
70
1,029
46
14
14
14
12,047
12,619
1,972
8,002
1,748
304
593
581
698
24,368
Table 1: Survey on Enrolment of Students at T.U., K.U. and HSS in 1997 and 2001
Source: T.U. Special Bulletin (2002) & Four Monthly Statistical Bulletin, CBS-HMG 74:2002
Data Collection
The data of the enrolment of the students in the higher secondary levels and Universities in the
academic year of 2001 was found to be 37,685 (tab. 1). During the random survey of the stored specimens at the
biology laboratories of East Terai Campuses (e.g., Mechi, Biratnagar, Dharan, Rajbiraj and Siraha), especially
four frogs species were being used and identified as Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, Hoplobatrachus crassus,
Limnonectes sp., and Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (tab. 3). Although protected by CITES, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus
was found to be collected (40.2%) in laboratories without any conservation knowledge. As random samplings
13
Figs. 2-5 clockwise: 2) Collection of frogs for dissection at Mechi Campus in East Nepal. 3) Collection of
Calotes versicolor in Zoology Dept., P.G. Campus, T.U. at Biratnagar. 4) Displaying dissected frog in the Zool.
Lab. of Mechi Campus, Bhadrapur, Jhapa. 5) Students at dissecting work in the Bio Laboratory of BHSS,
Birtamod; Jhapa
14
Level
I. Sc. (Biology)
B. Sc. (Zoology)
M. Sc. (Zoology)
I. Sc. (Biology)
10+2 (Biology)
Used frogs/year
6,539X5 = 32,595
439X5 = 2,195
2400X5= 12,000
Used lizards/year
600X5= 3,000
150X5 = 750
-
Approximately
Total specimens
46,790 / year
3,750 / year
Table 2: Survey on Estimated Number of Frogs and Lizards for Dissection in 2001. Source: Self (pers. comm.
Campuses 2002)
In the course of biology, dissection work on frogs is compulsory (fig. 4 & 5). In the same way at
bachelor and master levels of science, a zoology course needs vertebrates for dissection. Total enrolment of
science students in bachelor and master level at T.U. was 4921 and 1159, and K.U. 245 and 14 respectively (tab.
1). About 10 per cent of total students of B. Sc. or M. Sc. would study zoology. Therefore, as per data, with a
calculation of five lizards per student, the approximate consumption numbers were found to be 3000 lizards in
Bachelor and 750 lizards in Master, in each year (tab. 2). Therefore, the result of data calculation showed that
46790 frogs and 3750 lizards are killed in schools and campuses in Nepal every year.
Stored Specimens
Hoplobatrachus tigerinus
H. crassus
Limnonectes spec.
Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis
Total
Mechi
Campus
140
15
69
8
232
Biratnagar
Campus
75
15
130
80
300
Calotes versicolor
Hemidactylus spec.
Total
10
15
25
50
75
125
Dharan
Campus
70
5
50
25
150
Rajbiraj
Campus
30
5
50
15
100
Siraha
Campus
40
5
45
10
100
Total
Species%
355
45
344
138
882
40.2%
5.2%
39.0%
15.6%
100%
60
90
150
40%
60%
100%
Stored Specimens
Birta HSS
Hoplobatrachus tigerinus
Hoplobatrachus crassus
Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis
Limnonectes teraiensis
L. nepalensis
Limnonectes spec.
Total
45
24
390
86
39
52
636
Damak HSS
30
14
70
52
21
85
272
Birat. HSS
35
20
60
40
34
120
309
Total
Species %
110
58
520
178
94
257
1,217
9.0 %
4.8 %
42.7 %
14.6 %
7.7 %
21.2 %
100 %
Table 4: Data of Dissecting materials (frogs) stored in Higher Secondary Schools in East Terai (2003);
References:Higher Secondary School (HSS)
15
6. Acknowledgements
The author is greatly indebted to Prof. Dr. H.H. SCHLEICH (President of ARCO-Nepal) for his
continuous guidance in the research field of herpetology of Nepal. He would like to thank to Prof. G.P. S HARMA
(Dean of IOST), Prof. T.K. SHRESTHA (Chief of Central Department of Zoology), Former Chief of Central
16
References:
ANDERS, C. (2002): Biologie und Systematik der Amphibien Nepals.- Verffentlichungen Fuhlrott-Museum,
Wuppertal. (6: 630 pp.).
BAJRACHARYA, D. (1999): Scientific Research and National Science Conferences in Nepal. - In (SHARMA,
Madhav, P. ed.): Souvenir; Third National Conference on Science and Technology (March, 1999), Kathmandu.
pp 1-4.
BAJRACHARYA, M.M., (1999): Management of Forest Resources in Nepal: A Policy Guideline. - In (SHARMA,
Madhav, P. ed.): Souvenir Third National Conference on Science and Technology (March, 1999), Kathmandu.
pp 5-11.
CBS, (2002): A Hand Book of Environment Statistics Nepal, 2002. HMG: National Planning Commission
Secretariat; Central Bureau of Statistics, Kathmandu.
DIXIT, K. & TUMBAHANGPHEY, A. (2002): Kalu Ram's frogs and geckos.- In: Nepali Times.18 24 (Weekly) #
77: p 16: Lalitpur.
DUELLMAN, E. & TRUEB, L. (1986): Biology of Amphibians. - McGraw-Hill Book Comp., New York. pp 7-9.
GORKHAPATRA, DAILY (2003): Bhyagutako Mulya Pani Pachchis Ruppeeya!. Nov. 14, 2003: Year 103: No.
186. p. 1. Kathmandu, Nepal.
INGER, R.F. (1986): An overview of the Amphibian fauna of India: List of Indian Species of Amphibians and
Know Occurrence in States.- J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 83 (Suppliment): 136-141 pp.
KAESTLE, W., SCHLEICH, H.H., DAS, I. & ANDERS, C. (2002): Zoogeography of Nepalese amphibians and
reptiles.- In (Schleich & Kaestle, eds.): Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal; Garner Verlag K.G. Germany. pp.
93-128.
MASKEY, T.M., SCHLEICH, H.H., & KAESTLE, W. (2002): Nepals herpetofauna on a razors edge between
threat and conservation.- In (Schleich & Kaestle, eds.): Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal. A.R.G. Gantner
Verlag, FL-Ruggel. pp. 59-77.
RAI, K.R. (2003): Environmental Impacts, Systematics and Distribution of Herpetofauna from East Nepal.Ph.D. Dissertation; Tiribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Delhi. pp 317-330.
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Soc. of Nepal NASHON Bull., 8(1-4): 26-30. T.U. Special Bulletin, (2002): Kirtipur, Kathmandu.
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Author: Prof. Dr. Kalu Ram Rai, Mechi Campus, Bhadrapur- 5, Jhapa, Nepal.
E-mail: drkrkhambu@gmail.com
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630 pp
420 pp
We are delighted to see that our efforts in contributing for the conservation of
Nepals endangered turtles is receiving worthwhile feed back also from the people
of the country for which we are doing it. One of several emails that recently
reached us from S-Asia/Nepal:
I want to become member of this organization. Tell me the way to be there and
process to be member......I want to help rescue animals.... We say thank you!
Membership contributions and any donations from SAARC countries please pay directly upon
our account at the
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