TR Tram EN

TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

TRAMMING CIRCUIT
SANDVIK TAMROCK SECOMA S.A.

19 avenue De Lattre-de-Tassigny - ZI
B.P. 46 - 69881 MEYZIEU Cedex
Tel : (33) 472 45 22 00 Fax : (33) 478 31 79 80
AXLE TRAMMING- EN 03 06 F S
2 ( 34 )
TABLE OF CONTENT
1
AXLE TYPE, TRAMMING CIRCUIT
1/1
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
1/2
OVERALL CIRCUIT
1/2/1
BASIC PRINCIPLE
1/3
TRAMMING PUMP
1/3/1
HYDRAULIC SYMBOL
1/3/2
CHARGE PRESSURE CIRCUIT
1/4
SERVO-CONTROL OPERATION
13
1/5
HYDRAULIC BRAKING
19
1/5/1
FORWARD DIRECTION ENGAGED
19
1/5/2
MAXIMUM BRAKING CAPABILITY
20
1/6
SAFETY BRAKING CIRCUIT
21
1/7
HYDRAULIC MOTOR
23
1/7/1
FLAT GROUND TRAMMING
24
1/7/2
UPWARD IN AN INCLINE
25
1/8
HYDROSTATIC BRAKING
28
1/9
HYDROSTATIC & EMERGENCY AUTOMATIC BRAKING.(OPTION)
29
1/10
MECHANICAL BRAKING (OPTION)
30
1/11
ABA BRAKES (OPTION)
32
WHEEL MOTORS
33
2/1
PRINCIPLE
33
2/2
CHARGE PRESSURE
34

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MODULE 1)
1.1
General arrangement
Hydraulic motor
A
The tramming circuit is of hydrostatic close loop type.

This circuit consists of a variable displacement double way pump and one hydraulic
motor.
Neutral position: the pump is driven by the Diesel engine, due to pump in neutral
position there is no flow delivered at either outlet of the pump.
Therefore the motor is not running, the machine does not move.
Hydraulic pump
A
One way tramming: the pump supplies flow out of the port B to the port B of the
hydraulic motor.
The motor in now running, the machine moves.
Reverse direction: from the pump flow is now supplied from the opposite outlet port
A.
The motor runs in the opposite direction, the machine moves in reverse.
NOTE: most of the oil is recycled from the pump to the motor then back to the pump.
CAUTION: avoid contamination within the circuit so as to prevent particles of foreign
material to be recirculating many times in the H.P. loop circuit
WARNING: DUE TO VERY HIGH PRESSURE INVOLVED IN THIS TYPE

OF HYDROSTATIC TRANSMISSION CIRCUIT ALWAYS USE GENUINE MAIN
LINE HOSES S.A.E. 100R9 R TYPE.
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1.2
Overall circuit
13
11
2
bar
B93
A
0.8 mm
2 bar
b
R
12
B92
0.8 mm
14
P B01
B02
AR
T2 T1
PS
Fa2
Fa1
Fe
Mb
X1
X2
M1
9
B
470 bar
470 bar
28
bar
440
bar
A
X1
X2
Mh
Ma
AV
2mm
The tramming circuit includes:

ITEM
9
10
11
FUNCTION
Tramming variable displacement pump
Variable displacement motor
Forward/backward solenoid control valve
ITEM
12
13
14
FUNCTION
Low/High-speed, solenoid control valves
Air cooler
Case drain safety relief valve

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1.2.1
BASIC PRINCIPLE
Hydraulic motor and pump are both of variable displacement piston type. A swash plate controls the displacement
of the pump and the motor.A servo-control valve operates the servo-cylinder. The servo-cylinder moves the swash
plate.
This hydraulic system is designed to automatically adjust itself according to the power available from the Diesel
engine. It tries as far as possible to use the lowest pression according to the ground condition. It always let the
Diesel engine alive even when the steering pump is consuming power together with the tramming one.
At full engine RPM, the "hydraustatic" circuit adapt the power consumption as shown in the curve below.
MACHINE OVERALL
CAPABILITY
OPERATION
MOTOR
MOTOR
TORQUE
DISPLACEMENT
3
PUMP FLOW
PRESSURE IN
VELOCITY
BAR
TRACTIVE
EFFORT
up to 3
minimum
mini. 35 cm /rev
157 l/mn
lowest 200
highest
minimum
maximum
maxi. 107 cm3/

rev
157 l/mn
around 250 *
medium
medium
maximum
maxi. 107 cm3/

rev
76 l/mn
up to 440
lowest
maximum
P
440
30%
250
6%
200
Vmax
0%
V km/h
* According to the machine load, the motor settings can be adjusted.

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1.3
Tramming pump
3
HPb
X1
Ps
T1
X2
Mb
1
T2
Ma
2
G
HPa
T1
T2
X1
Y1
R
3
Fa
X2
Y2
HP.B
PS
X1
R
B
DA
OF
T2
ITEM
G
Ps
Ma
Mb
MA
CP
X2
Y2
MB
HP.A
Ps
FUNCTION
Charge pressure to safety brakes, accelerator
Pilot pressure test point
High pressure test point
Air bleeding plug
S
T1
Suction inlet line

Drain line to air cooler
1
2
3
DA cartridge, pilot pressure valve

Charge pressure relief valve
H.P. control valve
ITEM
FUNCTION
T2
2 bar drain relief line, direct to tank
Fa
X1
X2
Y1
Y2
After filter, charge pressure test point
HPa
HPb
High pressure safety relief, line A

High pressure safety relief, line B
Pilot pressure acting on servo-cylinder

Forward direction, inlet pilot port (HP A)
Backward direction, inlet pilot port (HP B)
NOTE: on hydraulic schematics cp>xb means that the backpressure should never exceed the pressure
indicated. For example the pressure in the line to the air cooler should always be maintained below 2 bar. These
are used on case drain lines to prevent over pressure, which can damage the shaft seals.

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1.3.1
HYDRAULIC SYMBOL
b
R
T2 T1
PS
Fa2
Fa1
Fe
Mb
470 bar
470 bar
28
bar
440
bar
A
X1
HP
ITEM
X2
Mh
Ma
FUNCTION
ITEM
DA valve
Charge pressure relief valve
3
4
5
H.P. control valve

Servo control valve
Servo cylinder
8
HP
FUNCTION
Charge pressure pump
Charge pressure filter (including by-pass
valve)
Main piston pump
H.P. safety relief valves

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1.3.2
CHARGE PRESSURE CIRCUIT
VIEW A
DIESEL ENGINE
Filter
1
SP
BP
DP
DA
2
MH
2
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1 - LUBRICATION FUNCTION
While engine is running if the machine is not moving, the pump does not deliver flow at either main lines A or B.
First purpose of the charge circuit is to supply pressure to lubricate all internal moving parts.
Hydraulic fresh oil from the tank enters the pump at the suction port S. The charge pump (internal gear type) is
linked to the main shaft, therefore it runs at the same RPM as the main pump (engine RPM).
At the outlet of the charge pump, oil is directed to the filter then to the charge relief valve 2 through the DA valve 1..
NOTE: The outlet of the charge pressure relief valve flows directly into the housing of the pump. This is used for
cooling all components with fresh and clean oil. From the pump housing, see drain port T1, drain oil flows to the
tank through the air cooler then directly to tank without filtration to prevent building up of back pressure.
Due to this cooling circuit a large flow can be seen at the drain line. That does not means that the tramming
component are leaking or worn out.
THE PUMP ROTATE CLOCKWISE LOOKING TO THE SHAFT SIDE. THE CHARGE FLOW PASSES THROUGH THE FILTER THEN
BACK INTO THE PUMP.
NOTE : WHEN THE FILTER ELEMENT IS CLOGGED, THE FILTER RELIEF VALVE RECYCLES THE OIL BACK TO THE CHARGE
PUMP INLET LINE. A CLOGGED FILTER RESULTS IN DROP OF CHARGE PRESSURE.
Charge pressure flows as well to the H.P. relief valves. They include a check valve function, which allows charge
pressure to be directed to both main lines A and B. On the drawing beside you can see the old relief valve
replace by the new relief type
, now
Charge pressure lubricates pistons, bronze pads BP in contact to the swash plate SP and the distributor plate DP.
Hydraulic symbol
b
R
T2 T1
PS
Fa2
Fa1
Fe
Mb
B
470 bar
470 bar
28
bar
440
bar
A
X1
X2
HP
Mh
Ma

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2 - INTERNAL LEAKAGES, SIMPLIFIED SCHEMATIC
b
R
T2 T1
PS
Fa2
Fa1
Fe
Mb
B
470 bar
470 bar
440
bar
28
bar
A
X1
X2
Mh
Ma
HPb
HPb
DA
2
MH
HPa
While tramming, both motor and pump are working at high pressure. Tramming pressure range from 50b up to
440b.
There is internal leakage at the motor and pump. Leakage flows into the case drain lines.
The flow returning from the motor back to the pump is not equal to the flow at the H.P. outlet port. In the example
shown, the flow in line A is greater then the flow in line B, due to the motor internal leakage.
To prevent vacuum which damage components, the charge pump will make up the amount of oil lost into the drain
line. The charge pressure flows through the HPb relief valve into the main line B.

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3 - SWASH PLATE CONTROL

Reminder: charge pressure pump is a gear type (fixed
displacement). The flow varies according to the Diesel RPM.
From charge pressure pump, oil flows to the DA valve. The
calibrate orifice O creates a restriction to the flow resulting in
pressure at the inlet of the valve. Higher RPM creates an higher
force at the bottom of the spool due to the increasing flow. At the
outlet of the restrictor, oil flows to the charge pressure relief valve.
The pilot pressure PS depends on the position of the spool
controled by the charge flow.
From the DA valve, outlet PS pressure is then directed to the
servo-control valve.
THE DA VALVE CONTROLS THE PILOT PRESSURE
CP
PS WHICH
OPERATES THE SERVO-CYLINDER.

PS PRESSURE DEPENDS ON DIESEL
RPM.
The curve below shows an exemple of PS pressure according to

the Diesel engine RPM (N=RPM from idle to full revolutions)
PS
Vg max
P
35
30
25
C
PS
20
18
15
10
PS
6
5
28
N (RPM)
CP
The curve C shows the charge pressure, the pilot pressure PS, Vg is the displacement of the main pump according
to the pilot pressure PS.
The pilot pressure in idle mode is not able to operate the swash plate, due to the calibrated springs installed into
the servo-cylinder.
The main pump start to operate with a PS pressure of 6 bar.
The maximum swash plate angle require 18 bar of PS pressure.

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4 - SWASH PLATE OPERATION
B92
B93
Y1
b
R
0.8 mm
2 bar
0.8 mm
Y2
T2 T1
PS
Fa2
Fa1
Fe
Mb
B
470 bar
470 bar
28
bar
440
bar
A
X1
X2
Mh
Ma
2 mm
HPa
3
Tramming forward is selected, note the pressure which enters at the control port Y1.
Not using the inching pedal, the servo-control is fully moved in forward position.
PS pressure is directed to the servo-cylinder.
engine in idle, the swash plate cannot be operated, there is no flow out of the pump, the machine does not
move. The pilot pressure PS is lower than 6 bar.
by increasing step by step the Diesel RPM, the PS pressure can start to move the swash plate, the tramming
speed will increase step by step.
When the swash plate is operated, oil flows to the main HP line A. The check valve at the HPa relief valve is closed
due to the higher pressure applied from line A.

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1.4
servo-control operation
SWASH PLATE
DRIVING KEY
SERVO-VALVE
SERVO-CYLINDER
IMPORTANT NOT TO CONFUSE BETWEEN
PS PRESSURE IS THE PRESSURE CONTROLLED BY THE DA VALVE. IT VARIES ACCORDING TO THE DIESEL RPM
CONTROL PRESSURE IS THE PRESSURE SENT BY THE OPERATOR IN Y1 OR Y2 TO SELECT TRAMMING DIRECTIONS.
CHARGE PRESSURE FLOWS TO THE TRAMMING DIRECTION VALVE, (SOLENOID Y82 / Y83).THE INCHING PEDAL REDUCES
THIS CONTROL PRESSURE WHEN DEPRESS.

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NEUTRAL POSITION
Y1
SERVO-VALVE
Y2
SERVO-CYLINDER
In neutral position : the swash plate is perpendicular to the pump axis, the servo-valve releases both area of the
cylinder to tank.
TRAMMING SIGNAL TO THE SERVO-VALVE when reduces by the inching pedal and Diesel at full RPM
Y1
Y2
The control pressure in Y2 moves the spool upward expending the spring. PS Pilot pressure is directed to the servocylinder. The swash plate shifts.

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CONTROL OF THE SWASH PLATE ANGLE
Y1
Y2
As soon as the servo-cylinder moves, the mechanical linkage expend the sring in the opposite direction of the
control tension given by the control pressure inY2.
The cylinder moves until the spring is fully equalized. When fully balanced, the spool returns to neutral position.
A low control force (in ports Y) results in a small cylinder stroke. The angle of the swash plate can be accurately
monitored according to the control pressure.
The Diesel engine at full revolutions, the operator keep total control of the speed by using the inching pedal.
It is therefore possible to run the engine at high revolutions moving the machine slowly and using at the same time
another pump. In this situation, most of the engine power is a left available by the tramming circuit to other functions.

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DIESEL ANTI-STALLING
HP re-acting force.
OF
X1
R
X2
Y2
HP.B
PS
DA
MB
OF
MA
CP
T2
G
HP.A
For better matching the Diesel engine power the high pressure pistons pushes the swash in opposite side as the
servo-cylinder. There is a re-acting force from the swash plate against the servo-piston force.
An higher working pressure results in an higher re-action force. When the engine start to run overloaded, it looses
RPM. The pilot pressure PS drops due to the DA valve. At the same time the running pressure is high, the re-action
force will assist the pump to "destroke" automatically. The tramming is now running at full pressure in lower flow.
The power requested to the engine is reduced.
The distributor plates is offset to achieve this re-action
force.
NO OFFSET
OFFSET PLATE
With no offset, from each side of the swash plate the

piston balances themselves.
By rotating the distributor plate, we can move the last
pressured piston further in one side. The swash plate is
no longer balanced.
The distributor plates receives an offset by machining
the locking groove with a preset offset angle.
CAUTION : see top drawwing, the same distributor
plate can be used with pump running clockwise or
C.C.Wise.
OF
An adjusting offset screw allows minor adjustment from

factory presetting. The noch on the adjusting screw
shows the adjustment. When parallel to the pump axis
there is the minimum offset. Adjustment can be from
90 in either direction.
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H.P. CONTROL VALVE 3, BACKWARD MOTION SHOWN - HP IN LINE A.
3-1
3-2
MH
2
This valve includes a selector spool 3-2. According to the tramming direction, the HP (here in line A) pushes the spool
3.1 upward.
Since the tramming pressure do not reaches 440 bar, PS pressure stays at the level produced by the DA valve. After
this level of HP pressure, the valve 3 opens. PS pressure drops. Therefore the swash plate moves, reducing the outlet
flow. The flow is automatically adjusted to maintain the HP at a maximum of 440 bar.
The re-acting force help to return the swash plate to lower displacement.
CHECK
& ADJUSTMENT
PUT THE MACHINE ON STABILIZERS, NO WHEELS IN CONTACT TO THE GROUND

MAKE SURE OIL IS AT CORRECT TEMPERATURE
60C
APPLY EMERGENCY/PARKING BRAKES

600 BAR GAUGE AT THE HP TRAMMING TEST POINT
SELECT: HIGH-SPEED MODE THEN ONE TRAMMING DIRECTION
INCREASE DIESEL RPM TO FULL REVOLUTION, THE GAUGE SHOULD SHOW 440BAR
ADJUST THE VALVE 3, IF NOT CORRECT
PLACE A
CHECK THE PRESSURE IN OPPOSITE DIRECTION

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Detail of the HP contrl valve together with its circuit-selctor valve.
E
D
B
C
The drawing shows now the forward motion.

HP oil enters the selector valve from chanel A.
The selector spool moves downward pluging the lower chanel C.
The pressure increases to 440 bar, setting of the valve.
The force crated at the bottom of the pusher D can now compress the spring.
The pusher and the spool E.move upward.
PS pilot pressure drops to tank. Therefore the swash plate moves back, the pump "de-strokes"
THE PUMP WORKS NOW IN PRESSURE MAINTAIN MODE

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1.5
Hydraulic braking
1.5.1
FORWARD DIRECTION ENGAGED
Machine is moving downhill, to reduce speed the operator leave the accelerator pedal, engine reduces RPM.
b
R
T2 T1
PS
Fa2
Fa1
Fe
Mb
B
470 bar
470 bar
28
bar
440
bar
A
X1
X2
Mh
Ma
Oil runs from line A to line B. The machine moving downward, the hydraulic motor works as a pump.
REMINDER : PUMP FLOW
= RPM * DISPLACEMENT
When the operator releases the accelerator, Diesel engine drops in RPM, the pump reduces flow by two ways:
due to reduced RPM
referring to pump working principle, low RPM results as well in PS pressure drop. Therefore the displacement of
the pump reduces.
The flow running through the pump is reduced. The pump creates a restriction to the flow, pressure in line B
increases creating a back pressure at the motor outlet. The tramming speed is reduced.

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1.5.2
MAXIMUM BRAKING CAPABILITY

470bar
b
R
T2 T1
PS
Fa2
Fa1
Fe
Mb
B
470 bar
470 bar
28
bar
440
bar
A
X1
HPb
X2
Mh
Ma
Tramming condition:
machine is moving downward at normal speed in such situation
the operator put the tramming direction switch to neutral
The servo-control valve moves to neutral position, PS pressure is no longer directed to the servo-cylinder. Spring
place the swash plate back to neutral. No oil is able to flow through the pump.
Due to the kinetic energy (weight of the machine and downward speed ) the motor is still running.
The pressure quickly increases in line B. It operates the HPb relief valve, pressure reaches 470bar.
The tramming motor is now at its maximum torque to stop the machine.
Note that the maximum torque in tramming conditions is 440bar controls by the valve 3. Therefore the braking
torque is higher than the tramming torque. This ensures that if the machine claim an incline, the tramming system
get higher braking capability to stop the machine.

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1.6
Safety braking circuit

b
R
T2 T1
PS
Fa1
Fa2
Fe
Mb
B
470 bar
DIESEL
470 bar
28
bar
440
bar
A
X1
X2
Mh
Ma
2mm
10 b
3
10
11
12
13
T
A
front
rear
BRAKES
NORMAL TRAMMING CONDITIONS
operator pulls the brakes control valve 13. Charge pressure is directed through the sequence valve 12 to the brake
cylinders. Charge pressure releases the brakes.
EMERGENCY SITUATION
In the event of one of the main H.P. hoses is damaged, oil is leaking to the ground.
Most of the charge oil will flow through HPb check valve to the pump and through HPa check valve to the damaged
hose then to the ground. There will be a large drop in charge pressure. When charge pressure drops below 12 bar
the sequence valve will automatically shifts back to neutral. The pressure from the brake cylinders is released,
BRAKES ARE APPLIED AUTOMATICALLY.
NOTE: when the tramming components are worn out, the internal leakage increases.
While tramming the charge pressure can drop due to excess of internal leakage. The brakes can be applied in such
conditions.
When the charge pressure is fluctuating around the sequence valve setting, this valve will move from neutral to
open position according to the charge pressure.
Brakes cylinders will be pumping; the final result is a fatigue of the brake springs therefore a drop in braking
efficiency.

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PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
Perform a tramming component test during each weekly maintenance.

WARNING install a 600b gauge at the H.P. test point, raise the machine using stabilizers.
select high-speed mode and one tramming direction
push the brakes valve red button to apply the brakes, run the engine at full RPM.
The 600b gauge should indicate 440b in either tramming direction
The charge pressure should be higher than 12b. A lower charge pressure indicates large internal leakage calling
for component replacement.
ACCELERATOR CIRCUIT
From pump port G, charge pressure is also directed to the accelerator circuit.
Components:
11: pressure reducer
10: accelerator pedal
9: hydraulic accelerator cylinder
The accelerator cylinder is working at a maximum pressure of 10 bar.
From the charge line oil is directed first to the pressure reducer 11.
10 bar reduced pressure supplies oil to the pedal 10. By pushing on the pedal a pilot pressure is directed to the
cylinder 9. The pedal outlet pressure depends on the position of the pedal.
The cylinder stroke will depend on the outlet pressure.

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1.7
Hydraulic motor
Variable displacement type, bent axis.

15
16
18
X1
X2
M1
M1
T
M1
17
X1
X2
T
G
X3
16
M1
17
15
G X3
Hydraulic motor ports and components
A and B, main line inlets
T case drain port. NOTE: drain line should be connected to the top drain port to keep the motor housing full of
oil. This line is directed to the air cooler
G high pressure test point
X1 and X2, connected to the pump port X1 and X2, lines which operate the servo-cylinder
M1 swash plate cylinder test point
15 circuit selector valve 16 swash plate cylinder
17 control valve
18 flushing circuit valve

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1.7.1
FLAT GROUND TRAMMING
15
X1
X2
M1
17
17
G X3
The operator activates:

select high-speed mode
forward direction
push the accelerator pedal fully to get full Diesel RPM
HYDRAULIC POWER
flat ground means, low torque needed by the motor then low tramming pressure; pump runs at full flow
engine is kept at full RPM; the PS pressure is then maximum
HYDRAULIC MOTOR CIRCUIT

forward direction selected means that PS pressure is directed to line X1
the circuit selector 15 is maintained in the position shown
PS pressure from X1 flows through the valve 15 to operate the control valve 17.
high pressure from line A flows through the selector valve 15 to the valve 17.
At the control valve 17, PS pressure is acting on a large pilot chamber, the HP pressure is acting together with the
adjustable spring on the opposite side in a smaller pilot chamber.
In this tramming condition, PS force is higher than HP force + spring force. The valve moves as shown. High
pressure flows to the large chamber of the cylinder.
The motor reduces displacement, the speed increases, torque reduces.

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1.7.2
UPWARD IN AN INCLINE
The operator keeps all controls as previously. Accelerator is still fully down.
15
X1
X2
M1
17
G X3
HYDRAULIC POWER
incline means, high torque needed by the motor then high tramming pressure.
engine must be kept at full RPM; the PS pressure is then maximum
HYDRAULIC MOTOR CIRCUIT:

The HP pressure is now increasing. At the control valve 17 the balance of force becomes: HP force + spring force
> (higher than) PS force. The valve moves back to neutral as shown. The large area of the cylinder is vented to tank
through a restrictor for smooth swash plate motion.
The motor moves to maximum displacement, highest torque.If the decline is maximum calling for very high
tramming pressure (300 bar to 350 bar) the Diesel can be overloaded.
To reduce the power demand from the tramming
circuit at maximum HP pressure, the pump
reduces outlet flow to maintain the Diesel closed
to maximum RPM.
REMINDER : IN MAXIMUM INCLINE THE MOTOR
MOVES FIRST TO LARGE DISPLACEMENT, THE
PUMP "DESTROKE" ITSELF AFTERWARD
MEDIUM PRESSURE
According to the tramming conditions, the motor

can move from full to minimum displacement.
G X3
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LOW RANGE LOCKING DEVICE

X2
low-range mode, solenoids B01 and B02 are not energized
X1
B
P B01
forward direction
B02
15
U
X1
X2
M1
In any tramming condition, the motor will be maintained in maximum

displacement.
The solenoid valve plugs PS pressure from the pump in line X1.
Lines X1 and X2 from the motor are both vented to tank.
The circuit selector-valve 15 stays as shown.
The control valve 17 keeps the position shown due to the HP pressure
applied on one side of the spool + the spring.
The large area of the cylinder is maintained released.
The motor stays in maximum displacement, highest torque.

17
Gauge G shows HP pressure

BACKWARD TRAMMING

low range mode, solenoids B01 and B02 are not energized
X2
backward direction
X1
P B01
X1
X2

B02
M1

The solenoid valve B02 plugs PS pressure from the pump in line X2.
Lines X1 and X2 from the motor are both vented to tank.
From forward circuit, valves 15 and 17 stay in the same position.
HP is now in line B. Line A get charge pressure.
Therefore the cylinder is now maintain is maximum displacement by the
charge pressure.
Gauge G shows charge pressure.
NOTE: the tramming HP test point located at the tramming

compartment is connected to G port. Due to the low range device, for
checking forward and reverse maximum tramming pressure, the speed
selector must be place in high-speed mode (solenoids B01 & B02
energized).
WARNING: For safe tramming, the low range mode must be
selected in decline.

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27 ( 34 )

1.8
Hydrostatic braking
11
19
Charge pressure supplies oil to the inching pedal 19. In neutral, a spring maintains the hydraulic cartridge is fully
engaged position. Full charge pressure is supplied to the "Forward/backward solenoid control valve" 11.
When direction is selected servo-control valve 4 is therefore fully operated.
While tramming, if the operator wants to reduce speed or stop the machine, he releases the accelerator pedal then
he pushes on the inching pedal 19. The pilot pressure directed to the servo-control valve 4 through the solenoid
valve 11 is reduced. Less pilot pressure is directed to the servo-cylinder resulting in a reduced flow at the outlet of
the pump. The speed of the machine is reduced.
If the operator wants to stop the machine, he pushes the pedal fully. Pilot pressure drops to 0. No more pressure is
acting within the servo-cylinder. The pump moves back to neutral. No flow runs through the pump.
Time to stop the machine, the hydraulic motor runs as a pump. The flow from the motor can only circulate through
the HP relief valve until complete stop. (see: paragraph maximum braking capability page 20).

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28 ( 34 )

1.9
Hydrostatic & emergency automatic braking.(option)
V
The hydrostatic circuit bring the machine to complet stop in any tramming conditions.
In declines, after complet stop, due to internal leakages at the motor and at the pump, the wheel are "crimping". The
operator should apply the emergency/parking brakes.
The option describe in the above schematic, applies the parking brakes automatically.
The outlet of the selector valve S directs the control pressure to the sequence valve V set at 5 bar.
The operator pushes the inching pedal to stop the machine. The control pressure at the outlet of the tramming
direction valve Y92 / Y93 drops. The machine stops due to the hydrostatic braking. When the control pressure drops
to 5 bar, the sequence valve V shifts to aplly the brakes.
Note the 2.5mm orifice allows the brakes to be applied softly.

Tel : (33) 472 45 22 00 Fax : (33) 478 31 79 80

1.10
11
Mechanical braking (option)

19

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29 ( 34 )
30 ( 34 )

)
P5
P1: unloading valve, P2: pressure switch, P3:

accumulator, P4: brake pedal, P5: brake actuator
BRAKING CIRCUIT
P4
P2
P3
From the pump oil is directed to the unloading valve. Note

the safety relief valve set at 200bar on the line from the
pump. When the accumulators are low in pressure, the
circuit is as shown. Oil flows through the unloading valve
to both accumulators and to the inlet of the pedal. Note that
there is two separate lines for front brakes and rear brakes.
Each one includes their own:
pilot control unit (within the unloading valve),
accumulator, pressure switch, hydraulic control cartridge
(within the pedal)
P1
When both accumulators are fully charged, the flow from

the pump is released to the tank by the first spool of the
unloading valve.
MAINTENANCE
Every monthly maintenance, check the accumulator

loading cycles.
Not use the brakes
Place a gauge at the outlet line from the pump as
shown.
If there is less than 5 minutes in between two charging
cycles, accumulators must be inflated or repaired.

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31 ( 34 )

ABA brakes (option)

From the pedal braking circuit the only difference is two extra
pressure switches E58 and E59.
front
rear
1.11
ABA safety brake circuit

P
E100
E101
E57
1L
E59
1L
P
E56
E58
B91
A1
B92
A2
SW
E36
front
P
rear
BRAKES
ELECTRICAL FUNCTION
Pressure switches E56 & E57 turn light OFF when both are
pressurized over 110 bar.
200
0 1
When the safety brakes are applied, no pressure in the

actuators as shown, pressure switch E36 turns light ON and
allows the used of the engine starter. To start Diesel engine
the Safety/Park brakes must be ON.
To release the Safety/Park brakes, it is needed:
pull up the electric button at the ABA control box
To make sure that both accumulators are at 75 bar

minimum pressure; both pressure switches E58 & E59 must be pressurized
Pressure switch E100 ensures that charge pressure, which operates the emergency/park brake, is at a
minimum of 10 bar.
If the pressure at any of those 3 pressure switches is below the required level of pressure, , the solenoid valves B91
and B92 apply the Safety/Park brakes.
NOTE: Pressure switch E101 turn a warning light ON to warn the operator that the safety brakes can be applied
soon. The light glows when the charge pressure drops below 15 bar.

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32 ( 34 )

WHEEL MOTORS
MODULE 2)
2.1
WHEEL MOTORS
principle
AVANT
FRONT
DROITE
RIGHT
GAUCHE
LEFT
ARRIERE
REAR

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33 ( 34 )

WHEEL MOTORS
2.2
CHARGE PRESSURE
Due to the location of the central articulation, none of the motors run at the same RPM.
External motors
R
ligne
Orifice B
2
L
R
3
L
ligne
1
R
R
bar
cp>1
Inner motors
CHA
RGE
PRE
SSU
RE
Orifice A
To allow a positive pressure in all tramming situation, charge pressure is directed through the check valve 2 through
the one-way restrictors to lines 1 and 2.
In hydrostatic braking situation, vaccum could be possible in lines 1 and 2. If this situation appends, the charge
pressure will flow through the circuit explain above to maintain a corect positive pressure at the inlet of the motors.
When the machine does not move and it is articulated, the motors must rotate to reduce stress within steering
cylinders. The orifices allow few flow from the internal motors to the external ones.

Tel : (33) 472 45 22 00 Fax : (33) 478 31 79 80

TR Tram EN

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TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

SANDVIK TAMROCK SECOMA S.A.

TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

AXLE TYPE, TRAMMING CIRCUIT

CHARGE PRESSURE CIRCUIT

FORWARD DIRECTION ENGAGED

MAXIMUM BRAKING CAPABILITY

SAFETY BRAKING CIRCUIT

FLAT GROUND TRAMMING

HYDROSTATIC & EMERGENCY AUTOMATIC BRAKING.(OPTION)

MECHANICAL BRAKING (OPTION)

ABA BRAKES (OPTION)

SANDVIK TAMROCK SECOMA S.A.

TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

AXLE TYPE, TRAMMING CIRCUIT

The tramming circuit is of hydrostatic close loop type.

WARNING: DUE TO VERY HIGH PRESSURE INVOLVED IN THIS TYPE

TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

The tramming circuit includes:

SANDVIK TAMROCK SECOMA S.A.

TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

maxi. 107 cm3/

maxi. 107 cm3/

* According to the machine load, the motor settings can be adjusted.

TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

Air bleeding plug

Suction inlet line

DA cartridge, pilot pressure valve

2 bar drain relief line, direct to tank

After filter, charge pressure test point

High pressure safety relief, line A

Pilot pressure acting on servo-cylinder

SANDVIK TAMROCK SECOMA S.A.

TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

Charge pressure relief valve

H.P. control valve

SANDVIK TAMROCK SECOMA S.A.

TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

CHARGE PRESSURE CIRCUIT

TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

SANDVIK TAMROCK SECOMA S.A.

TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

2 - INTERNAL LEAKAGES, SIMPLIFIED SCHEMATIC

SANDVIK TAMROCK SECOMA S.A.

TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

3 - SWASH PLATE CONTROL

OPERATES THE SERVO-CYLINDER.

The curve below shows an exemple of PS pressure according to

SANDVIK TAMROCK SECOMA S.A.

TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

4 - SWASH PLATE OPERATION

SANDVIK TAMROCK SECOMA S.A.

TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

IMPORTANT NOT TO CONFUSE BETWEEN

SANDVIK TAMROCK SECOMA S.A.

TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

SANDVIK TAMROCK SECOMA S.A.

TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

SANDVIK TAMROCK SECOMA S.A.

TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL

With no offset, from each side of the swash plate the

An adjusting offset screw allows minor adjustment from