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A SOURCE BOOK ON ENVIRONMENT OF KOLKATA

by
Chinmoy Chakrabarti

A publication of
Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project

KOLKATA MUNICIPAL CORPORATION


2013

Copyright Kolkata Municipal Corporation


Published by
Kolkata Municipal Corporation
5 S N Banerjee Road, Kolkata 700 013

Table of Contents
PART I INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1. BACKGROUND

CHAPTER 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES OF KMC

25

PART II. TERRESTRIAL AND AQUATIC ASPECTS

59

CHAPTER 3. LAND ENVIRONMENT

59

CHAPTER 4. SURFACE WATER


CHAPTER 5. GROUND WATER

79
96

CHAPTER 6. EAST KOLKATA WETLANDS

112

PART III. ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS

127

CHAPTER 7. TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY

127

CHAPTER 8. WILD LIFE

136

CHAPTER 9. AQUATIC ECOLOGY

151

PART IV. ATMOSPHERE

163

CHAPTER 10. METEOROLOGY

163

CHAPTER 11. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

177

CHAPTER 12. NOISE

190

PART V. HAZARDS, VULNERABILITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE

195

CHAPTER 13. HAZARDS AND VULNERABILITY

195

CHAPTER 14. CLIMATE CHANGE AND VULNERABILITY

202

There is hardly any published/unpublished concise but authentic account of the state of
environment of Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) area. The most notable effort in this direction
was made by the Department of Environment, Government of West Bengal in 1996 under the project
titled Calcutta Environmental Strategy and Action Plan (CEMSAP). Later in 2002, Kolkata
Environmental Improvement Project (KEIP) of KMC provided a brief but useful account of the
environment of Kolkata as part of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report of the Project
which was subsequently elaborated and updated in 2006 and 2010. During implementation of KEIP,
extensive environmental monitoring was carried out over the subproject areas of KEIP and a wealth of
environmental monitoring data accumulated. Most of these are now available as part of six-monthly
reports on implementation of the Environment Management Plan (EMP) of the Project. Those data
along with other published information have now been collated in a single volume and published as a
source book on environment of Kolkata for use by development agencies and by the research
workers and hence this publication. The bulk of this present publication therefore represents data
based on about a decade of environmental measurements and investigations by KEIP, Central
Pollution Control Board (CPCB), West Bengal Pollution Control Board (WBPCB), government
departments, academic & research institutes and professional consulting groups. The publication is a
work of reference for the student or research scientist or practicing engineer. Facts have been
presented as fully as space permits before the intended readers leading to development of an
account about the extant environment of Kolkata.

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