Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Biol261/2
DEFINITIONS
Genetics is defined as:
(1) The study of genes
(2) The study of inheritance. (Griffiths et al. 9e)
The study of all aspects of genes (Griffiths et al. 10e)
(3) Genetics is the study of heredity and variation
(Lewontin 1974)
Genetics is studied on different natural scales
of organization: molecular, chromosomal,
transmission genetics, population and evolutionary
genetics, genomics.
Consequently, for example, definitions of a gene differ
with the scale and nature of the study.
Genetic
Determinism
Figure 1-18
Genes and the environment both influence
eye size in Drosophila
Our
Textbooks:
An Introduction to Genetic Analysis
Griffiths et al. 10th edition - required.
Solutions Manual for An Introduction to
Genetic Analysis
-suggested
I clicker - required
https://www.myconcordia.ca
Choose Course websites (Moodle)
Lecture slides
Recommended Problems
Course outline and grading scheme
The text book publisher, W.F. Freeman has a web site
www.whfreeman.com
with study aids including animations.
Grading:
20%
Tutorial
40%
2 Midterm Exams
40%
Final
The laws of inheritance were independently
rediscovered in 1900 by Hugo de Vries,
Carl Correns, and Erich von Tschermak.
Inbred Strain
Alternative Hypotheses:
(1)Discrete categorical inheritance or
(2) Blending continuous inheritance
Test: crossing inbred white and purple-flowered
pea strains, are colors retained in hybrids,
through several generations or are they lost,
changed or otherwise altered (blended) in
different offspring generations?
Methods: (1) define the character - flower color
(white, purple with no intermediates), then
(2) the breeding design.
(F1)
Parental Cross
F1: observations?
Interpretation
X
X
F2: observations
Interpretation
Count
224 white (0.24 total)
705 purple (0.76 total)
(1: 3.15)
Inbreed (self)
F3
(pp)
(pP)
(PP)
Dominance hides the frequency of different particles,
gametes or alleles -actually 50% p /50%P
F1
white gametes
breeding population
All Pp
diploid
s
F1 Punnett
Square
Inbreed (heterozygote)
individuals
Pp x Pp
0.5
1/2
0.5
1/2
F2
expected
values
F1 Punnett
Square
Inbreed (heterozygote)
individuals
Pp x Pp
0.5
1/2
F2
0.5
1/2
PP
1/4
Pp
1/4
Pp
1/4
pp
1/4