Professional Documents
Culture Documents
5!
3!
!
A!
A*! 3!
5!
!
RNA has a
sugar-phosphate backbone
(phosphodiester bonds).
The ribose has a OH on
the 2 carbon.
RNA is single stranded.
RNA is has 5 to 3
polarity like DNA.
5!
(1)
Gene information-coding
genes (a) Messenger (mRNA) is the protein encoding transcript of
a gene ( 1% of RNA in humans)
(2)
Functional RNA- may have catalytic properties
genes ? (b) Ribosomal RNA rRNA is part of the translation
complex.
genes ? (c) Transfer RNA tRNA participates in translation. It
carries specific amino acids to be incorporated into the new protein.
genes? (d) Small nuclear RNAs (sn RNAs) - spliceosome, rRNA
assembly specific to eukaryotes.
genes? (e) Micro RNAs - short 20-25 nucleotide bases, single
stranded RNAs that may be involved in gene expression or may
block the translation of mRNA.
(f) Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) exogenous double stranded RNA
19-25 bases
genes ? (g) Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) - transcriptional control
(XIST) and epigenetic regulation (200 + bases).
-The RNA product has the same sequence as the upper, coding
strand of DNA, except in has Us in place of Ts, BUT
The lower strand of DNA is the physical template for RNA synthesis.
VARIATION IN NOMENCLATURE!
10
11
12!
13
Prokaryote Initiation
14
Holoenzyme
(complete
enzyme)
One of!
many!
~10 bases!
15
one of many!
5 UTR
(untranslated
region)
Eukaryotic Initiation!
16
In eukaryotic organisms:
-RNA polymerase I transcribes rRNA
in the nucleolus, except for the small
5S rRNA (large fraction of
transcription).
-RNA pol II transcribes all protein
coding genes, some snRNAs, in the
nucleus, Lnc RNA.
-RNA pol III transcribes small
functional RNA genes such as those
in the spliceosome, 5S rRNA, transfer
RNA (tRNA), sn RNAs not made by
RNA pol II in the nucleus
17
Eukaryotic Initiation
19
TBP
20
21
22
23
24
ELONGATION in General
25
27!
28
31
32
33
Capping
Intron removal
Splicing
34
2.
Coding RNA!
35