Perception

Perception
Dr. Jayesh Patidar

www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
2/6/2015
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WE DONT SEE THINGS AS THEY
ARE, WE SEE THINGS AS WE ARE.
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Introduction
When our sensory-organs comes in
contact with the world and are stimulated

by the external stimuli and receive the
sensations it result in perception.
Sensation is the initial response of an
individual to the stimuli.
Perception is the interpretation of
sensory stimuli which reach the sense
organs and the brain.
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Perception
What is Perception?
How we view and interpret the events
and situations in the world about us.
Why is it Important?
Because peoples behavior is based on
their perception of what reality is, not
on reality itself.
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Organizational Behavior
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Definition
Perception is the experience of object,
events or relationships obtained by

extracting the information from and
interpreting the sensations.
(OR)
A process by which individuals organize
and interpret their sensory impressions
in order to give meaning to their
environment.
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Process of perception
Perception is the process by which we
discriminate among the stimuli and

interpret their meanings.
Eg: when we hear a sound we are able
to identify it as being produced by a car
or a bus. Perception gives meaning to
sensation.
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The Perceptual Process

1. Sensation
An individuals ability to
detect stimuli in the
immediate
environment.
2. Selection
The process a person
uses to eliminate some
of the stimuli that have
been sensed and to
retain others for further
processing.
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3. Organization
The process of placing
selected perceptual
stimuli into a
framework for
storage.
4. Translation
The stage of the
perceptual process at
which stimuli are
interpreted and given
meaning. www.drjayeshpatidar.blogsp
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Perceptual Process
Selecting Stimuli
External factors : Nature,
Receiving Stimuli
(External & Internal)
Location,Size,contrast,
Movement,repetition,similarity
,
Interpreting
Attribution ,
Halo Effect, Projection
Organizing
Figure Background ,
Perceptual Grouping
( similarity, proximity,
closure, continuity)
Response
Covert: Attitudes ,
Motivation,
Feeling
Overt: Behavior
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Perception: is a process
by which individuals organize

and interpret their sensory
impressions in order to give meaning to
their environment.
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Principles Perception
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Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception
W.E. Hill, 1915
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German postcard, 1880
We imposewww.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
visual organization on stimuli
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Illusory
Contours
The Kanisza triangle as figure-ground illusory contours

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Three Main Principles:
Grouping (proximity, similarity,

continuity, closure)
Goodness of figures
Figure/ground relationships
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Grouping:
Law of Proximity
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Grouping:
Law of Similarity
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Grouping:
Law of Similarity:
Shape, Scale, Color
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Law of Good Continuation, or

Continuity
Objects arranged in either a
straight line or a smooth
curve tend to be seen as a
unit.
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Law of Closure
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Law of Common Fate
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Goodness of Figure, or the Law of Pragnanz
(Pragnanz is German for Pregnant, but in the sense of

pregnant with meaning, not with child!)
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Figure/Ground relationships
Figure seen as the foreground
Ground seen as the background
Contours belong to the figure
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Reversible Figure/Ground
relationship
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relationship
Can be affected by the

principle of smallness:
Smaller areas tend to be seen
as figures against a larger
background.
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Relationship:
Tessellation interlocking
figure/ground
M.C. Escher
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Gestalt laws of Grouping organize the

visual scene into units
The Law of Pragnanz, or Goodness of
Figure creates the simplest most meaningful
pattern
Figure/Ground relationships define
important parts of the scene
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Factors influencing perception

Sense organs
Brain
Memory images of the past experience

Personal interests & mind set
Acquired interest
Needs and desires
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Errors in perception
Illusion
Hallucination
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CAUSES FOR INACCURATE

PERCEPTION
Defective functioning of sense organs
Inadequate stimulus
Too many stimuli at one time

Poor health
Limited attention
Figure merges in the ground
Guidance
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NURSING IMPLICATIONS OF
PERCEPTION
Accurate perception & observation are very important
for a nurse to provide quality care to a patient.

If she is not a keen observer she will not be able to
note some very critical or important symptoms with
the result that some times the patient may die
premature.
Accurate perception & observation will help the nurse
to gather accurate information & knowledge which will
help the nurse to learn more easily, adjust more
quickly to new situations.
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Count
With accurate perception nurses memory
improve, recording & reporting is more

accurate & is helpful for the patient &
other health team members.
All types of false perceptions, illusions
should be scrupulously avoided by her.
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Thank
you
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40

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Perception

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Perception

Dr. Jayesh Patidar

WE DONT SEE THINGS AS THEY

ARE, WE SEE THINGS AS WE ARE.

contact with the world and are stimulated

events or relationships obtained by

discriminate among the stimuli and

The Perceptual Process

by which individuals organize

Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception

W.E. Hill, 1915

German postcard, 1880

Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception

The Kanisza triangle as figure-ground illusory contours

Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception

Three Main Principles:

Grouping (proximity, similarity,

Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception

Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception

Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception

Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception

Law of Good Continuation, or

Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception

Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception

Law of Common Fate

Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception

Goodness of Figure, or the Law of Pragnanz

(Pragnanz is German for Pregnant, but in the sense of

Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception

Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception

Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception

Can be affected by the

Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception

Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception

Gestalt laws of Grouping organize the

Factors influencing perception

Memory images of the past experience

CAUSES FOR INACCURATE

Too many stimuli at one time

for a nurse to provide quality care to a patient.

improve, recording & reporting is more

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