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BAI GIANG MON LY THUYET CAD/CAM-CNC

Ly thuyet Cad/cam-cnc
Thi lng : 30 tiet
Noi dung
Chng
Chng
Chng
Chng

1
2
3
4

:
:
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:

C s lap trnh cnc


Cong nghe va lap trnh phay cnc
Cong nghe va lap trnh tien cnc
Cong nghe CAD/CAM
Trnh bay : ThS NGUYEN HOAI NAM

ThS NGUYEN HOAI NAM

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Tai lieu tham khao


123456-

Cad/cam theory and applycation, AIT Thailan


ieu khien so va cong nghe tren may ieu khien so, Nguyen ac Loc, KHKT
Cong nghe lap trnh gia cong ieu khien so, oan Th Minh Trinh, KHKT
Cong nghe cad/cam, oan Th Minh Trinh
Ky thuat lap trnh cnc vi MasterCAM V8.1, Nguyen Hoai Nam, HSPKT
Numerical control programming in APT, Irvin H. Kral

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CHNG 1
Noi dung

C S LAP TRNH NC

1- CAU TRUC HE THONG CNC


2- AC TRNG C BAN CUA MAY CNC
3- HE TRUC TOA O CHIEU CHUYEN ONG
4- CAC IEM 0 VA CAC IEM CHUAN
5- CAC DANG IEU KHIEN
6- CAC THU TUC LAP TRNH
7- HNH THC TO CHC GIA CONG TREN MAY CNC
8- QUA TRNH GIA CONG TREN MAY CNC
9- CAU TRUC CUA CHNG TRNH NC
10- LAP TRNH CO DCH CHNH VA BU TR
11- LAP TRNH VI CHNG TRNH CON

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Hnh phay

1- CAU TRUC HE THONG CNC


Cac ac iem ket cau phan biet gia may cong cu ieu khien CNC va may cong
cu thong thng

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Hnh tien

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CAU TRUC MOT HE THONG CNC

Gom 6 thanh phan chnh:


1. Chng trnh gia cong (part program) : bao gom cac ch th a c ma hoa.
2. He ieu khien may (Machine control Unit - MCU) c chia thanh 2 thanh
phan la :
n v x ly d lieu (DPU- Data Processing Unit): thc hien chc nang oc ma
lenh t thiet b nhap d lieu, x ly ma lenh (giai ma), truyen d lieu cho CLU
Mach ieu khien (CLU Control Loop Unit): thc hien cac chc nang noi suy
chuyen ong tren c s tn hieu nhan c t DPU , xuat cac tn hieu ieu
khien, nhan tn hieu phan hoi, ieu khien cac thiet b phu tr.
3. Thiet b oc chng trnh (program input): may oc hay ng truyen RS232C
4. He thong truyen ong (drive system): dung cac ong c mot chieu hoac xoay
chieu ieu chnh vo cap toc o va cac bo truyen chnh xac nh vt me/ ai oc
bi.
5. May cong cu
6. He thong phan hoi (feetback system)
2- AC TRNG C BAN CUA CNC so vi NC
Hien th chng trnh va mo phong bang o hoa qua trnh gia cong.
Nhap d lieu bang nhieu cach.
Co kha nang lu tr chng trnh.
Co kha nang thay oi va cap nhat chng trnh
Kiem tra , chan oan loi chng trnh bang o hoa may tnh.
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Co the giao tiep vi cac thiet b vi x ly khac.


Quan ly d lieu
Co kha nang tnh toan
Bu tr ban knh va chieu dai dao
Noi suy hnh hoc.
Chc nang ho tr lap trnh : thu, phong, xoay ...
Co kha nang hau xu ly (postprocessing): tiep nhan trc tiep d lieu
quy ao chay dao di dang ma nh phan (Binary cutter locationBCL). Thc hien trong che o thi gian thc.
U IEM CUA CNC
nang suat tang do mc o t ong hoa cao.
Tnh linh hoat cao.
Co tnh tap trung nguyen cong.
o chnh xac cao (en 0.001 mm)
Chat lng gia cong on nh, o chnh xac lap lai cao
Gia cong c cac bien dang phc tap (mat 3D)
Hieu qua kinh te va ky thuat cao.
NHC IEM CUA CNC
Gia thanh may cao

Gia thanh bao dng cao, phc tap


Van hanh phc tap, can cong nhan co tay nghe.
Hieu qua thap vi nhng chi tiet n gian.
CAC YEU CAU AT RA
Can co s phoi hp chat che gia cac khau cua qua trnh hnh
thanh san pham (thiet ke, chuan b san xuat, gia cong ...)
Can ao tao nang cao cho th chuyen mon. Mot khoa ao tao ve
ky thuat CNC la phai co.

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3- HE TRUC TOA O CHIEU CHUYEN ONG


Dung he truc toa o decarte
vuong goc, phng chieu va goc
quay tren cac truc c xac nh
theo qui tac ban tay phai

Qui nh ve cac truc quay


A, B, C

Cac truc toa o song song vi


X,Y,Z ky hieu la U, V, W

Khi lap trnh ta qui c rang dung cu chuyen ong tng oi so vi he thong toa
o, con chi tiet ng yen

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4- CAC IEM 0 VA CAC IEM CHUAN


Ky hieu

Mo ta
M

Machine zero point


iem 0 cua may, la iem goc cua cac he thong toa o
may. Do nha san xuat qui nh.
Tren may phay thng la iem xac nh gii han dch
chuyen cua ban may.
Work part zero point
iem 0 cua chi tiet, la iem goc cua he truc toa o gan
len chi tiet.
Do ngi lap trnh chon va xac nh
Program zero point
Chuan thao chng. Dung lam goc toa o trong qua trnh
soan thao chng trnh.
Do ngi lap trnh chon va xac nh
References point
Cac iem chuan cua may, co khoang cach xac nh so vi
iem 0 cua may va c anh dau tren cac ban trt
Do nha san xuat qui nh

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5- CAC DANG IEU KHIEN


ieu khien theo iem (PTP)
Gia cong theo cac toa o xac
nh n gian
Dung cu thc hien chay dao
nhanh khong cat got en cac
iem lap trnh. Khi at en
iem ch dao bat au cat got.
Tuy thuoc vao he ieu khien
ma cac truc co the chuyen
ong ke tiep nhau, chuyen
ong ong thi khong co moi
quan he ham so hay di chuyen
theo hanh trnh ngan nhat .
Dung cho cac lo bang pp
khoan, khoet, doa, taro ren.
ieu khien theo ng
Tao ra cac ng chay song
song vi cac truc cua may vi
dao cat got tao nen be mat gia
cong

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ieu khien theo ng vien


Tao ra cac ng bat ky trong khong gian
Tuy thuoc vao so truc c ieu khien ong thi ma co the phan thanh : ieu
khien 2D, 2 1/2D , 3D, 4D
2D
thc hien mot ng vien trong
mp XY.
Truc th 3 c ieu khien oc
lap vi 2 truc tren

2D1/2
thc hien noi suy mot ng
vien trong mat phang, co the
la mp XY, hay YZ, hay ZX tuy
thuoc vao viec khai bao mp
noi suy trong chng trnh
(G17/G18/G19)
Truc th 3 c ieu khien oc
lap vi 2 truc tren.

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3D

Lu y rang trong ieu khien 3D a tch hp trong o ieu khien iem, ng,
2D

6. CAC THU TUC LAP TRNH


Lap trnh tay

Ngi lap trnh hoan thanh chng trnh ma khong co


s tr giup cua may tnh

Lap trnh co s giup Ngi lap trnh s dung ngon ng lap trnh hoac phan
cua may tnh
mem may tnh nh la mot cong cu tr giup e chuyen
oi t ong d lieu hnh hoc va d lieu cong nghe
thanh chng trnh NC
Lap trnh theo
nghe CAD/CAM

cong Bang cac phan mem tch hp CAD/CAM cho phep s


dung chung c s d lieu cho cac chc nang thiet ke
va lap ke hoach san xuat.
Chc nang CAD cho phep xac lap hnh hoc chi tiet gia
cong
Chc nang CAM tao qu ao chay dao va cac chc
nang cong nghe khac

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7. CAC HNH THC TO CHC GIA CONG TREN MAY CNC


Lap trnh thu cong

Lap trnh t ong :

: nhap ct t panel ieu khien cua may cnc


Nhap chng trnh bang bang uc lo
Nhap chng trnh bang bang uc lo
ieu khien so trc tiep (DNC direct Numerical Control)
ieu khien so phan phoi (DNC Distributed Numerical
Control)

8. QUA TRNH GIA CONG TREN MAY CNC


1- Nghien cu cong nghe gia cong chi tiet
2- Thiet ke qu ao cat
3- Lap chng trnh ieu khien
4- Kiem tra chng trnh ieu khien
5- ieu chnh may cnc
6- Gia cong chi tiet

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10. GHI KCH THC TREN BAN VE


Viec qui chuan cach ghi kch thc tren ban ve dung trong gia cong NC se giup
cho ngi lap trnh de dang bien oi cac thong tin tren ban ve thanh cac thong
tin dch chuyen.
Ghi kch thc tuyet oi :
Moi kch thc eu xuat phat t
iem W

Ghi kch thc tng oi :


Mot kch thc c ghi xuat phat t
v tr cua kch thc trc no

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Ghi kch thc nh cac bang


Ngi ta thay the cac kch thc
tren ban ve bang cac so th t v tr
sau o dung bang e mo ta.

11. LAP TRNH THEO KCH THC TUYET OI VA TNG OI.


LAP TRNH THEO KCH iem ch co cac gia tr toa o luon gan vi
THC TUYET OI
iem W

G90

iem ch co cac gia tr toa o luon gan vi


LAP TRNH THEO KCH v tr cua dao trc o.
Dung chu yeu oi vi cac chu trnh hay cac
THC TNG OI
chng trnh con
12. CAU TRUC CUA CHNG TRNH NC

G91

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Dau hieu chng trnh


Thng dung %<ten ct>
Cac Cau lenh (NC block)

Lenh Ket thuc chng trnh (M30


hoac M2)
12-1 CAU TRUC CUA MOT CAU LENH (NC block)

12-2 CAU TRUC CUA MOT T (word): gom mot ky t goi la a ch (address) va
mot con so (number)
V du
Address
Number
N75
N
75
G01
G
01
Z-10.75
Z
-10.75

trong mot cau lenh Co the co 3 nhom t


1 G funtion
2 Toa o
3
Mot
1
2
3

Thong tin van hanh may va


cac chc nang phu
so a ch theo tieu chuan ISO
address
Mo ta
N
th t cau lenh
G
Ma dch chuyen
X,Y,Z
Toa o iem ch
ThS NGUYEN HOAI NAM

G
X, Y, Z
U, V, W
F, S, T
M
V du
N50
G02
X10 Y20 Z-10.1
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4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15-

A,B,C
D

nh v tr goc quay (X,Y,Z)


A10
nh v tr goc quay quanh truc ac
biet hoac hieu chnh dao.
E
nh v tr goc quay quanh truc ac
biet.
H,L
D tr
U,V,W
Toa o phu (X,Y,Z)
U10 V-10.1
I,J,K
Thong so dung e noi suy cung tron
I5 j10
R
R20
F
Lng chay dao
F120
S
Toc o truc chnh
S2500
T
Dao
T0102
M
Chc nang phu
M99
P,Q
Tham so cua chu trnh
G75 x. y. r. D5 Q2 F.
LAP TRNH CO DCH CHNH VA BU TR

Trong lap trnh gia cong phay, toa o may s dung la toa o tam dao (tool
center coordinate)- quy ao cat la tam dao . Do o khong the s dung trc
tiep toa o tren bien dang cua chi tiet v tam dao cach ng bien cat mot
khoang bang ban knh dao,

Vi dao co ng
knh 10mm
Hay xac nh toa
o cua cac iem
1,2 ,3,4 chuyen
tiep tren quy ao
cat e thc hien
hien gia cong
bien dang chi tiet
nh hnh ve

iem
1
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2
3
4
Vi dao co ng
knh 10mm
Hay xac nh toa
o cua cac iem
1, 2 ,3 , 4 , 5
chuyen tiep tren
quy ao cat e
thc hien gia
cong bien dang
chi tiet nh hnh
ve
iem
1
2
3
4
5

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Phep dch chnh v tr tam dao c goi la bu tr ban knh (radius


compensation)
Trong qui trnh gia cong chi tiet co the s dung nhieu dao vi nhng chieu
dai khac nhau. Do o khi lap trnh ta khong quan tam en chieu dai dao (lap
trnh vi dao gia nh) nhng khi gia cong can phai dch chnh chieu dai dao.
Viec s dung bu tr dao se han che cac phep tnh toan toa o tam dao, do
o lam n gian cong viec lap trnh.
Ngoai ra co the s dung bu tr trong cac trng hp :
+ Dao gia cong khac vi dao lap trnh
+ Phai thay dao do gay dao va khong co dao tng t nh a lap trnh
+ S thay oi kch thc do dao b mon, mai hay sa lai
+ Khi gia cong tho va gia cong tinh c thc hien vi cung mot chng trnh.
LAP TRNH CO BU TR BAN KNH DAO.
c thc hien bi cac lenh G41/G42 , Cac lenh nay tao ra cac vector bu tr
vuong goc vi ng bien chi tiet va co o ln bang ban knh dao
e khai bao cham dt hieu chnh dung G40
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G41

G42

G41

G42

Phay bien
dang loi

Phay hoc

Tien
ngoai

Tien trong

Lu y :
- vecto bu tr ban knh tai cau lenh ngay sat sau cau lenh hieu chnh G41/G42
hoac G40 co :
Vecto au=0
Vecto cuoi = R va vuong goc vi ng lap trnh
Nen co oan khi ong va ket thuc hieu chnh.
Tot nhat chon ngoai phoi.
- Viec bu tr ch co tac dung trong mat phang noi suy.

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6- LAP TRNH VI CAU TRUC LAP, CHNG TRNH CON VA MACRO


e tang hieu suat lap trnh, giam chieu dai chng trnh th vi nhng trng
hp gia cong phc tap ve mat hnh dang hay co tnh chat lap lai ve qui trnh ta
nen s dung lap trnh co vong lap (loops) hay chng trnh con (subprogram)
hay macro.
Cac kha nang lap trnh nay phu thuoc vao he ieu khien.
Vong lap

La mot chuoi lenh c lap lai nhieu lan vi so lan


lap xac nh
Cho phep lap trnh vi cac vong lap khep kn long
nhau (4 cap)

Chng trnh con

La mot phan cua chng trnh chnh va co the goi


theo yeu cau

macro

La loai chng trnh con co bien so.


Chng trnh macro c lu gi nh chng trnh
oc lap vi so hieu rieng tren bo nh va co the goi
t mot chng trnh chnh bat ky.

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Chng 2
LAP TRNH THU CONG PHAY NC
Noi dung
12345-

C s lap trnh phay


THONG SO NC
DIEN GIAI TAP LENH ADIMILL
V DU
LAP TRNH VI CHNG TRNH CON.

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1- THONG SO NC
bao gom cac thong so ve dung cu cat (tool parameters) va cac thong so gia
cong (machining parameters)
1.1 THONG SO DUNG CU

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1.2 THONG SO GIA CONG


Cac thong so c ban can c xac nh trc khi thc hien cong nghe gia cong
Mo ta
Toc o truc chnh
Xac lap toc o truc chnh bang mot so nguyen,
1
(spindle speed)
vg/ph
EX: S4500
Toc o chay dao
Toc o di chuyen dao khi gia cong
2
(feed rate)
Toc o an dao ng
Toc o chay dao theo phng Z
3
(plunge feed rate)
Toc o cat
Toc o chay dao theo phng X,Y
4
(cutting feed rate)
Lng d gia cong
5
(Z depth)
Bc dch dao ngang
Khoang cach gia 2 ng tam dao ke nhau
6
(stepover)
trong mat phang noi suy.
iem thay dao
V tr tr ve cua dao e thay dao hoac khi ket
7
(home postion)
thuc chng trnh.
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Mat phang an toan


(clearence plane)
Feed plane

9
Retract plane

Mat phang ma tai ay dao di chuyen nhanh e


chuyen sang v tr mi trong 1 chu trnh gia
cong

Mat phang gia cong

Mat phang chay dao (mat phang noi suy)

10

11
12

Dao se di chuyen nhanh theo cac phng x,y


trong mat phang nay e xac nh toa o x,y
cua iem bat au gia cong
Mat phang ma tai ay bat au hay ket thuc
chay dao co cat got

Dch chnh dao


(cutter compensation)

Cac thong so khac

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2- DIEN GIAI TAP LENH ADIMILL


1

So th t cau lenh

2
M2
M3
M4
M5
M8
M9
M99
3
G90
G91
G92
G94
G95
G41
G42
G40
G17
G18
G19

chng trnh chnh: N1- N4999


chng trnh con : N5000 N9999
TAP LENH CONG NGHE

Ket thuc ct
Truc chnh quay theo chieu kim ong ho
Truc chnh quay ngc chieu kim ong ho
Dng truc chnh
M ti trn
Tat ti trn
Ket thuc ct con
TAP LENH G
Lap trnh theo toa o tuyet oi
Lap trnh theo toa o tng oi
Dch chuyen chuan thao chng
Toc o chay dao mm/phut
Toc o chay dao mm/vong
Hieu chnh trai
Hieu chnh phai
Xoa hieu chnh
Mat phang noi suy la mp XY
Mat phang noi suy la mp ZX
Mat phang noi suy la mp YZ

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Cu phap

G0 X Y Z

Chc nang

Chay dao nhanh (Fmax) khong cat got

Dien giai

X Y Z toa o iem ch

Lu y : Vi G00 nen lap trnh chay Z rieng trong mot cau lenh trc va sau
o mi en cau lenh chay X va Y.

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Cu phap

G1 X Y Z F
G1 U V W F

Chc nang

Noi suy ng thang

Dien giai

X/U Y/V Z/W toa o iem ch


F : lng chay dao

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Cu phap

G2 X Y Z I J F

Chc nang

Noi suy ng tron thuan chieu kim ong ho.

Dien giai

X/U Y/V Z/W toa o iem ch


I... va J...: Toa o tam cua cung tron c tnh tng oi so
vi iem au cua cung

Cu phap

G2 X Y Z R F

Chc nang

Noi suy ng tron thuan chieu kim ong ho.

Dien giai

X/U Y/V Z/W toa o iem ch


R ban knh cung tron
Gia cong vi cac cung co goc chan cung <=180

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Cu phap

G3 X Y Z I J F

Chc nang

Noi suy ng tron ngc chieu kim ong ho.

Dien giai

X/U Y/V Z/W toa o iem ch


I... va J...: Toa o tam cua cung tron c tnh tng oi so
vi iem au cua cung

Cu phap

G3 X Y Z R F

Chc nang

Noi suy ng tron ngc chieu kim ong ho.

Dien giai

X/U Y/V Z/W toa o iem ch


R ban knh cung tron
Gia cong vi cac cung co goc chan cung <=180

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CHU TRNH
Cu phap

G72 [Q] [X] [Y] [Z] [D]

[F]

G73 [Q] [X] [Y] [Z] [D]

[F]

Chc nang

Phay hoc ch nhat

Dien giai

X,Y,Z : toa o iem B (ay hoc, oi dien iem A)


D : tr so dch dao ngang
Q : tr so dch dao ng cua truc mang dao

Thc hien khi kch thc hoc > 2*k dao.


Cu phap

G75 [Q]

[X]

[Y]

[Z] [R] [D]

Chc nang

Phay hoc tron

Dien giai

X,Y,Z : toa o iem B (ay hoc)


D : tr so dch dao ngang
Q : tr so dch dao ng cua truc mang dao
R : ban knh hoc

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[F]

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Cu phap

G82 [P]

[X]

Chc nang

Khoan lo khong be phoi

Dien giai

X,Y,Z : toa o iem B (ay hoc)


P : thi gian dng ay lo
R : Khoang cach an toan

Cu phap

G80

Chc nang

Ket thuc chu trnh khoan lo.


[X]

[Y]

[Y]

[Z] [R] [F]

Cu phap

G83 [Q]

[Z] [R] [F]

Chc nang

Khoan lo be phoi

Dien giai

X,Y,Z : toa o iem B (ay hoc)


Q : tr so dch dao ng
R : Khoang cach an toan

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V du
Z=100, Q=35 (K=35)
D=10

Chng trnh con


Cu phap

G22

Chc nang

Goi chng trnh con

Dien giai

Axxxx : so th t cau lenh bat au ct con


Ex : A6120
H : so lan lap lai ct con
Ex : H2

Lu y :
- Khi m ct : m ct chnh trc , ct con sau
- Phan mem se hoi so th t cua cau lenh bat au ct con
- Ct chnh va ct con phai nam cung th muc
3. TRNH T THC HIEN TAO CT NC BANG ADIMILL
1. Xac nh kch thc phoi
2. Chon dao se dung (dung th vien dao)
3. Xac nh chuan thao chng
4. Soan thao chng trnh
5. Mo phong kiem tra chng trnh
6. Lu chng trnh

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4. Lap trnh vi chng trnh con


La mot phan cua chng trnh chnh va co the goi theo yeu cau.
Sau khi chng trnh con c goi, quyen ieu khien c giao cho
chng trnh con. Khi chng trnh con thc hien xong quyen ieu khien
chuyen ve cho cau lenh ke sat sau lenh goi chng trnh con.
S dung trong cac trng hp cong viec co tnh chat lap lai
Lam cho chng trnh ngan hn, de quan ly hn
Can co ky nang lap trnh tot

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V du 1
*T1 N1
*0X 0.000
*0Y 0.000
*0Z 30.000
*LX 100.000
*LY 60.000
*LZ 30.000
N10 G17
N20 T1 S2500 M3
N30 G0 X-10. Y15. Z2.
N40 G22 A5000 H5
N50 M2
N5000 G82 P0 U20. V0. Z-10. R2. F45.
N5010 M99

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V du 2
*T1 N1
*0X 0.000
*0Y 0.000
*0Z 30.000
*LX 100.000
*LY 60.000
*LZ 30.000
N10 G17
N20 T1 S2500 M3
N30 G0 X-10. Y15. Z2.
N40 G22 A5000 H5
N50 G0 X-10. Y45. Z2.
N60 G22 A5000 H5
N70 M2
N5000 G82 P0 U20. V0. Z-10. R2. F45.
N5010 M99

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V du 3
*T 1 N1
*0X 0.000
*0Y 0.000
*0Z30.000
*LX100.000
*LY70.000
*LZ30.000
N10 G17
N20 T1 S2500 M3
N30 G0 X10. Y-5. Z2.
N40 G22 A5000 H3
N50 M5
N60 M2
N5000 G0 X10. V20. Z2.
N5010 G22 A6000 H5
N5020 M99
N6000 G82 P0 Z-10. R2. F45.
N6010 G80
N6010 G0 U20. V0. Z2.
N6020 M99

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Chng 3

CONG NGHE VA LAP TRNH TIEN CNC

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1- TRUC TOA O TREN MAY TIEN


He thong toa o tay phai

He thong toa o tay trai

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2. CONG NGHE TIEN NC


tren may tien c ban co 7 nguyen cong nh sau :
tien mat au, tien tru , tien ranh, khoan, tien lo, cat t, tien ren
2.1- dao tien
chng trnh c viet cho dao chuan (dao ly thuyet) va sau o c hieu
chnh lai theo kch thc dao thc te.
Lenh goi dao bat au bang t khoa Txxyy
Xx : cho biet so th t cua dao tren o
Yy : so th t hieu chnh dao
2.2- Toc o cat: F
Di chuyen khong cat got G0 vi Fmax
Di chuyen cat got G1, G2, G3 vi F xac nh.
n v s dung la
mm/ph: G94
mm/vg : G95
2.3- Toc o truc chnh : S
G96

G50 (G92)

G97

Sxxxx

cai at toc o mat khong oi (FPM: feet/phut) tai cac v tr khac


nhau tren be mat chi tiet . Toc o mat la toc o tng oi gia
mui dao cat so vi be mat phoi tai iem tiep xuc.
May se t ong ieu chnh toc o truc chnh sao cho toc o mat
tai v tr ng knh hien hanh luon khong oi va co gia tr xac
nh . V du : G96 S600
cai at toc o vong ln nhat (RPM).
Khi dung lenh G96, toc o mat khong thay oi tai cac gia tr ban
knh khac nhau. Nh vay truc chnh se thay oi toc o khi ban knh
thay oi, theo ly thuyet toc o nay rat ln khi ng knh dan en
0. e gii han toc o vong tai mot gia tr ln nhat ta dung lenh
G50.
toc o truc chnh khong oi (RPM) theo n v vg/phut. Do toc o
vong khong oi nen toc o mat se thay oi tuy thuoc vao ng
knh. Lenh c s dung e huy bo tac dung cua G96
toc o truc chnh, S3000

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2.4 - Cai at he toa o chi tiet.


Dung he toa o mac nh cua Dung lenh G50 nhap gia tr zero Dung dao ra
may
offset
vao mat au
cua chi tiet,
nhap gia tr
xac nh vao
may

oi vi phan mem ADIturn gia tr Zw-zero offset c tnh nh sau:


Zw = Lphoi + 20 c
Vi Lphoi = Lct + A + B + D + c
Lct : chieu dai gia cong
A : Khoang cach an toan
B : Be rong mieng cat
(A+B : co the chon khoang 10)
D : khoang kep chat trong mam cap (qui nh D=20)
c : lng d vat mat au

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2.5- Phng phap lap trnh


Lap trnh theo ng knh : toa o theo phng X la gia tr cua ng knh.
Thng mac nh tren cac bo ieu khien tien CNC
Lap trnh theo ban knh : toa o theo phng X la gia tr cua ban knh.
2.6- Toa o va n v
co 2 cach xac nh dang toa o trong qua trnh di chuyen dao :
toa o tuyet oi : G90 hay t khoa X, Z
toa o tng oi : G91 hay t khoa U,W
co the chon n v lap trnh
G20 : dung he inch
G21 : dung he met
Trong hau het cac he ieu khien so gia nho nhat ma he thong co the chap
nhan c :
0.0001 inch
0.001 mm
0.001 o
cac gia tr nho hn eu c lam tron.

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2.7- BU TR VA CAI AT THONG SO DAO


2.7.1 Offset dao :
la bu tr sai lech ve khoang cach cat gia iem cat thc te so vi iem cat ly
thuyet.
Offset dao thng phai thc hien tren 2 phng X, Z.

B : iem chuan cua dao


L : khoang cach t B en mui dao o
theo phng Z
Q : khoang cach t B en mui dao o
theo phng X

2.7.2 Bu tr ban knh mui dao :


- Chon iem nao tren dao tien e lap trnh ?
Khi ta xem nh dao tien khong co ban
knh mui dao, iem mui dao P luc nay
c goi la mui dao ly thuyet la giao
iem cua 2 ng thang song song vi
2 truc X,Z.
P la iem ao, nhng de xac nh nen
neu c s dung lam quy ao lap
trnh se thuan li ve mat tnh toan.

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Khi lap trnh vi bien dang song song


vi truc cua may, iem cat thc te co
thay oi, nhng van am bao hnh
dang

Tuy nhien, khi gia cong cac ng


cong, ta thay iem P va iem cat thc
te khong vach cung mot quy ao
sinh ra cat sai bien dang tuy thuoc
vao chieu cua vecto cat.
Sai so nay tang khi ban knh mui dao
tang.
Nh vay khong dung iem P c !
Khi quan sat quy ao cua iem M ta
thay no co cung quy ao vi quy ao
cua cac iem cat thc te.
Dung lap trnh se cho bien dang cat
ung vi bien dang lap trnh.
- Lam sao e xac nh iem M va bao
cho may biet ?

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vecto hng dao R (TNC-tool nose


compensation) : xac nh moi quan he
gia P va M

Nh vay, hieu chnh ban knh mui dao la khai bao e he thong co the xac nh
c iem M va s dung no e noi suy quy ao cat ,ma van dung iem P la toa
o iem ai dien cho dao khi lap trnh.
e hieu chnh ban knh mui dao ta can quan tam en chieu dao ly thuyet.
Chieu dao ly thuyet c xac nh bang mot day so th t t 1 en 8 va moi mot
so tng ng vi mot vecto hng dao R

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2.7.4 Lenh bu tr ban knh mui dao G41/G42-G40


Viec chon G41 hay G42 phu thuoc vao cac yeu to sau
he thong toa o
hng cua ng chay dao
v tr cua be mat gia cong so vi ng lap trnh.
G41

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G42

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3. DIEN GIAI ADITURN


Quy nh ve dao

nh
A1

A2

A3

A4

S1

A5

S2

S4

A6

A7

A8

A9
G2
(G3)

B1
I1

S5

I2

X.. Z.. I.. K.. F..


( R)

B2

A So cau lenh bat


au chng trnh con.

I3
P1

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G1

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Tap lenh
1

So th t cau lenh

chng trnh chnh: N1- N4999


chng trnh con : N5000 N9999
TAP LENH CONG NGHE

2
M2

Ket thuc ct

M3

Truc chnh quay theo chieu kim ong ho

M4

Truc chnh quay ngc chieu kim ong ho

M5

Dng truc chnh

M8

M ti trn

M9

Tat ti trn

M99

Ket thuc ct con

G90

TAP LENH G
Lap trnh theo toa o tuyet oi

G91

Lap trnh theo toa o tng oi

G94

Toc o chay dao mm/phut

G95

Toc o chay dao mm/vong

G41

Hieu chnh trai

G42

Hieu chnh phai

G40

Xoa hieu chnh

G92

Dch chuan thao chng

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Cu phap

G0 X Z

Chc nang

Chay dao nhanh (Fmax) khong cat got

Dien giai

X Y Z toa o iem ch

Cu phap

G1 X Z F
G1 U W F

Chc nang

Noi suy ng thang

Dien giai

X/U Z/W toa o iem ch


F : lng chay dao

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Cu phap

G2 X Z I K F
G2 X Z R F

Chc nang

Noi suy ng tron thuan chieu kim ong ho.

Dien giai

X/U Z/W toa o iem ch


I... va K...: Toa o tam cua cung tron c tnh tng oi so
vi iem au cua cung
R : ban knh cung tron

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Cu phap

G3 X Z I K F
G3 X Z R F

Chc nang

Noi suy ng tron ngc chieu kim ong ho.

Dien giai

X/U Y/V Z/W toa o iem ch


I... va K...: Toa o tam cua cung tron c tnh tng oi so
vi iem au cua cung
R : ban knh cung tron

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Chng trnh con


Cu phap

G22

Chc nang

Goi chng trnh con

Dien giai

Axxxx : so th t cau lenh bat au ct con


A6120
H : so lan lap lai ct con
H2

Lu y :
- Khi m ct : m ct chnh trc , ct con sau
- Phan mem se hoi so th t cua cau lenh bat au ct con
- Ct chnh va ct con phai nam cung th muc

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CHU TRNH
Cu phap

G71 A I K D F
G71 P Q I K D F

Chc nang

Tien boc vo tng lp song song vi truc Z

Dien giai

A : chng trnh con (bien dang gia cong)


I : lng d gia cong tinh theo X
K : lng d gia cong tinh theo Z
D : chieu sau lat cat
P Q : t cau lenh --- en cau lenh
F : toc o chay dao

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Cu phap

G72 A I K D F
G72 P Q I K D F

Chc nang

Tien boc vo tng lp song song vi truc X

Dien giai

A : chng trnh con (bien dang gia cong)


I : lng d gia cong tinh theo X
K : lng d gia cong tinh theo Z
D : chieu sau lat cat
P Q : t cau lenh --- en cau lenh
F : toc o chay dao

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Cu phap

G83 X Z D H F

Chc nang

Khoan lo

Dien giai

X,Z : toa o ay lo
D chieu sau lat khoan au tien
H: so lat con lai
F : toc o chay dao

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Cu phap

G76 X Z K D H F

Chc nang

Tien ren

Dien giai

X,Z : toa o iem ch B


K : chieu cao ren
D chieu sau lat cat cuoi cung
H: so lat cat
F : bc ren

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iem bat au va ket


thuc chu trnh G76

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Chng 4
Cong nghe CAD/CAM

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I. Tong quan ve CAD/CAM


CAD - Computer Aided Design la thiet ke tr giup bang may tnh.
CAM - Computer Aided Manufacture la san xuat vi s tr giup cua may
tnh.
CAD/CAM - tong hp cua s lien nganh C kh Tin hoc ien t T
ong hoa, la mot san pham cua CIM
CIM - Computer Integrated Manufacturing, co mo hnh nh sau:
Nhu cau

D bao

Y tng

CAD

C s d
lieu
va
thong tin

CAE

CAPP

CAM

MRP II

PP

CNC, Robots

CAQ

CAD
CAE
CAM
CAPP
CAQ
MRPII
PP

ong goi

Khach hang

Computer aided design

TK vi s ho tr cua MT

Computer aided engineering

Phan tch ky thuat vi s ho tr cua MT

Computer aided manufacturing

Che tao vi s ho tr cua MT

Computer aided process planning

Lap p.an che tao vi s ho tr cua MT

Computer aided quality control

Kiem tra chat lng vi s ho tr cua MT

Manufacturing resources planning

Hoach nh nguon lc san xuat

Production planning

Lap ke hoach san xuat

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2- LCH S PHAT TRIEN CUA CAD/CAM


- Nam 1808, Joseph M Jacquard ieu khien t ong may det bang nhng tam
ton uc lo. anh dau s ra i cua vat mang thong tin thay oi c.
- Nam 1863, M Fourneaux ang ky phat minh ai dng cam t ong Pianola,
trong o cac phm bam c ieu khien bang bang giay uc lo. Bang giay uc
lo dung lam vat mang thong tin c phat kien.
- Nam 1938, Claud E. Shannon tai MIT (Massachusetts Intitue of Technology) a
chng minh rang viec tnh toan va truyen tai nhanh d lieu ch co the duy nhat
thc hien nh ma nh phan.C s khoa hoc cho may tnh va ieu khien so c
hoan thien.
- Nam 1946, may tnh so ien t au tien ENIAC ra i, da tren cong nghe
en ien t.
- Nam 1949 1952, John Parsons va MIT phoi hp che tao thanh cong may
phay ieu khien so au tien co ten la Cincinati Hydrotel, co truc ng.Tu ieu
khien dung en ien t, co the dch chuyen ong thi 3 truc (3D Linear
interpolation), tiep nhan d lieu qua bang uc lo ma nh phan.
- Nam 1954, thiet b ieu khien NC cong nghiep au tien ra i bi Bendix.
- Nam 1957, may phay NC au tien c trang b trong cac xng che tao may
bay cua khong lc Hoa Ky.
- Nam 1958, ngon ng lap trnh APT ra i.
- Nam 1960,cac nha che tao c trnh bay nhng may NC au tien cua mnh tai
hoi ch Hannover.
- Nam 1968, ky thuat mach tch hp IC (Intergrated Circuits) lam cho cac tu
ieu khien nho hn va co o tin cay cao hn.
- Nam 1972, the he cac thiet b NC ket noi vi may vi tnh co cong nang
manh me hn(CNC). The he nay nhanh chong c thay the bi cac cum ieu
khien dung Microprocessor (P).
- Nam 1986, chuan hoa giao dien va truyen thong: lam c s cho he thong CIM
(Computer Intergrated Manufacturing) phat trien.
Nam 1990, hnh thanh va phat trien cac he thong CIM

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NC (Numerical Control):
ieu khien so
CAD (Computer Aided Design):
Thiet ke
vi s tr giup cua may tnh
CNC (Computer Numerical Control):
ieu khien so bang may tnh
CAD/CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing):
Che tao vi s tr giup cua MT
FMS (Flexible Manufacturing System):
He thong san xuat linh hoat
CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing):
He thong san xuat vi s tr giup
cua MT

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