MAY 23, 2014

HEATING & COOLING LOAD

CALCULATIONS
CLASS ROOM # 03, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING,
COLLEGE OF EME, NUST

MUHAMMAD WAQAS, NAVEED AZIZ MALIK, MUHAMMAD SIDDIQUE, NOMAN AHMED

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
COLLEGE OF ELECTRICAL & MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (EME), NUST

Procedure:
First of all, the design conditions were selected to calculate the cooling and heating
load. The design temperatures were selected by observing the average maximum and
minimum temperature for the month of June and December respectively. The relative
humidity values were calculated likewise. The required indoor temperatures and relative
humidity values for cooling and heating loads were taken according to the comfort level.
Dimensions of all the walls and columns inside the room were taken and noted down.
Resistance (R) and overall heat transfer coefficient (U) values of all the building materials
inside the room were taken from different tables. Psychrometric charts were used to
calculate specific humidity (W) values. According to the dimensions, areas and thickness
of all the walls, doors, windows and columns were calculated. Heat transfer through
conduction was calculated from all the walls using the heat transfer equation. Infiltration
load was calculated through doors and windows. All the values were summed up to
calculate the total heating and cooling load, and a 10% error value was added to account
for assumptions and other factors.

Room Specifications:
The figures of all the rooms including dimensions are shown below:

Areas:
Glass Windows:
Direction

Length (ft)

Width (ft)

No. of
windows

Total Area (ft2)

North
South
South

5.5
5.5
1.25

6
2.5
3.83

4
1
2

132
13.75
9.583

Direction

Length (ft)

Width (ft)

No. of doors

Total Area (ft2)

South

6.75

4.25

57.375

Direction

Length (ft)

Width (ft)

No. of pillars

Total Area (ft2)

North
South
South
East
West
Roof

12.42
12.42
12.42
11.42
12.42
26

1.16
1.16
3.5
3.42
3.5
1.16

3
3
2
1
1
3

43.22
43.22
86.94
39.06
43.47
90.48

Wooden Door:

Pillars:

Walls:
Direction

Length
(ft)

Width
(ft)

Gross Area
(ft2)

Adoors

Awindows

Net Area
(ft2)

North
East
West
South

12.42
12.42
12.42
12.42

40.75
26
26
40.75

506.12
322.83
322.83
506.12

57.375

132
23.603

374.12
322.83
322.83
419.41

Direction

Length
(ft)

Width
(ft)

Gross Area
(ft2)

Adoors

Awindows

Net Area
(ft2)

Floor/Roof

40.75

26

1059.5

1059.5

Roof/floor:

Resistances/Overall Heat Transfer Coefficients:

R Common brick

0.20/in.

hr. ft2 F / BTU

R Cement, plaster & sand aggregate

0.20/in.

hr. ft2 F / BTU

R Terrazzo (1 in.)

0.08

hr. ft2 F / BTU

R Wooden board

hr. ft2 F / BTU

=
=
=

0.61
0.92
0.68

hr. ft2 F / BTU

hr. ft2 F / BTU
hr. ft2 F / BTU

R Air film (exterior surfaces)

=
=

0.17 (winter) hr. ft2 F / BTU

0.25 (summer)

U 8 in. concrete block (pillars)

=
=

0.51 (winter) BTU / hr. ft2 F

0.49 (summer)

U Single glass

=
=

1.10 (winter) BTU / hr. ft2 F

1.01 (summer)

U 8 in. concrete block, no finish

=
=

0.51 (winter) BTU / hr. ft2 F

0.49 (summer)

U 8 in. lightweight concrete deck (roof)

=
=
=

0.09 (winter) BTU / hr. ft2 F

0.08 (summer)
0.126 (for max. CLTD)

U 8 in. concrete deck (floor)

=
=

0.43 (winter) BTU / hr. ft2 F

0.59 (summer) BTU / hr. ft2 F

(intermediate between hardwood & softwood)

R Air film (interior surfaces)

Horizontal Upward flow
Horizontal Downward flow
Vertical Horizontal flow

(Aluminum frame with thermal break)

Heating Load
Design Conditions:
Location:

CRM-3 (Department of Mechanical Engineering)

(College of E&ME, NUST)

33.622449N, 72.956478E

Outdoor:
D.B temperature
Daily temperature range
Relative Humidity
D.B temperature of unconditioned space
Specific humidity at 38 F
Specific humidity at 56.5 F

=
=
=
=
=
=

38 F (3 C)
24 F
60%
56.5 F
20 grains/lb.
40 grains/lb.

=
=
=

75 F
50%
64 grains/lb.

Indoor:
D.B temperature (required)
Relative humidity
Specific humidity at 75 F

Heat losses:

West Wall:
West wall includes:
8 in. brick with in. plaster on both sides
1 in. thick wooden board (cap stand)
9 in. thick pillar (Brick + cement)
Qwest =
Qwest = (
Qwest = (

322.83
1.8+2(0.68)

Qwall + Qpillar + Qboard

+
+

37.63

3.6+2(0.68)

16
1

) (T.D)

) (75 56.5)

Qwest = 2326.34 BTU/hr

East Wall:
East wall includes:
8 in. brick with in. plaster on both sides
4 ft. 8 in. thick stage (Terrazone + Cement + bricks)
9 in. thick pillar (Brick + cement)
Qeast =
Qeast = (
Qeast = (

322.83
1.8+2(0.68)

Qwall + Qpillar + Qstage

+

35.1
3.6+2(0.68)

) (T.D)

26
11.064

) (75 56.5)

Qeast = 2064.38 BTU/hr

North Wall:
North wall includes:
8 in. brick with in. plaster on both sides
Single glass (with aluminum frame) windows
9 in. thick pillars (concrete)
Qnorth =
Qnorth = (

Qnorth = (

Qwall + Qpillars + Qwindows

+ ( ) + ( ) ) (T.D)

374.12
1.8+0.68+0.17

+ (0.51 43.2216) + (1.1 132) ) (75 38)

Qnorth = 11411.55 BTU/hr

South Wall:
South wall includes:

8 in. brick with in. plaster on both sides

Single glass (with aluminum frame) window
9 in. thick pillars (concrete)
2 Doors
Qsouth =

Qsouth = (

Qsouth = (

Qwall + Qpillars + Qwindows + Qdoors

+ ( ) + ( ) +

419.41
1.8+2(0.68)

+ (0.51 118.48) + (1.1 13.75) +

Qsouth = 4560.703 BTU/hr

57.375
1.5

) (T.D)

) (75 56.5)

Roof:
Roof includes:
9 in. Lightweight concrete
18 in. thick beams (concrete)
Qroof =

Qroof + Qbeams

Qroof = (( ) + ( ) ) (T.D)
Qroof = ((0.09 1053.69) + (0.18 90.48)) (75 38)
Qroof = 4111.384 BTU/hr

Floor:
Floor includes:
9 in. Lightweight concrete deck
1 ft. think stage (terrazone + cement + bricks)
Qfloor =

Qfloor+ Qstage

Qfloor =

(( ) +

Qfloor =

((0.43 1046.7 ) +

Qfloor =

9027.94 BTU/hr

) (T.D)

121.33
2.28+0.92

) (75 56.5)

Infiltration Load:
Sensible heat loss:

Qs

1.1 CFM T.C

Latent heat loss:

Ql

0.68 CFM (W2 W1)

CFM Values:
Doors
=

0.5 CFM per ft2 door area

CFMdoor

=
=
=

Adoor 0.5
(57.375 0.5)
28.688

Qs,door
Qs,door
Qs,door

=
=
=

1.1 CFMdoors T.C

1.1 28.688 (75 56.5)
583.8008 BTU/hr

Ql,door
Ql,door
Ql,door

=
=
=

0.68 CFMdoor (W2 W1)

0.68 28.688 (64 40)
468.188 BTU/hr

CFMdoor

Windows

0.37 CFM per ft. of sash crack

=
=
=

Lcrack 0.37
(138 0.37)
51.06

CFMwindow,south

=
=
=

Lcrack 0.37
(24 0.37)
8.8

QS(windows,north)
Q S(windows,north)
Q S(windows,north)

=
=
=

1.1 CFMwindows,north T.C

1.1 51.06 (75 38)
2078.142 BTU/hr

Ql, (windows,north)
Ql, (windows,north)
Ql, (windows,north)

=
=
=

0.68 CFMwindows,north (W2 W1)

0.68 51.06 (64 20)
1527.72 BTU/hr

CFMwindows,north
CFMwindow,north
CFMwindows,south

QS(windows,south)
QS(windows, south)
QS(windows, south)

=
=
=

1.1 CFMwindows, south T.C

1.1 8.8 (75 56.5)
179.08 BTU/hr

Ql, (windows, south)

Ql, (windows, south)
Ql, (windows, south)

=
=
=

0.68 CFMwindows, south (W2 W1)

0.68 8.8 (64 40)
143.616 BTU/hr

Total infiltration load

Qinfiltration = Qs,door + Ql,door + QS(windows,north) + Ql, (windows,north) + QS(windows, south) + Ql, (windows, south)
Qinfiltration

4980.5468 BTU/hr

Total Heating Load:

Qtotal = Qwest + Qeast + Qnorth + Qsouth + Qfloor + Qroof + Qinfiltration

Qwest

2326.34

BTU/hr

Qeast

2064.38

BTU/hr

Qnorth

11411.55

BTU/hr

Qsouth

4560.703

BTU/hr

Qroof

4111.384

BTU/hr

Qfloor

9027.94

BTU/hr

Qinfiltration

4980.5468 BTU/hr

Qtotal

38482.84

BTU/hr

10% error

3848.284

BTU/hr

Qtotal

42331.124 BTU/hr

Qtotal

3.53 tonnes

Cooling Load
Design Conditions:
Location:

CRM-3 (Department of Mechanical Engineering)

(College of E&ME, NUST)

33.622449N, 72.956478E

Outdoor:
D.B temperature
Daily temperature range
Relative Humidity
D.B temperature of unconditioned space
Specific humidity at 104 F
Specific humidity at 99F
Average outside temperature on design day

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Maximum value of CLTD for the month of June =

104 F (40 C)
28 F
65%
99 F
210 grains/lb.
182 grains/lb.

= 0
2

= 104
= 90 F
54

(without ceiling)

Hour of maximum CLTD

For 32o latitude, for horizontal surface
in the month on June LM

2000hrs

D.B temperature (required)

Relative humidity
Specific humidity at 71.6 F

=
=
=

71.6 F
50%
56 grains/lb.

Total no. of students in classroom

Total tube lights
Watts per tube light
BF fluorescent lighting
For moderately active office work
Qs
Ql
CLF

=
=
=
=

40
24
40 W
1.25

=
=
=

250
200
1

Indoor:

28
2

Heat losses:

West Wall:
West wall includes:
8 in. brick with in. plaster on both sides
1 in. thick wooden board (cap stand)
9 in. thick pillar (Brick + cement)
Qwest =
Qwest = (
Qwest = (

322.83
1.8+2(0.68)

Qwall + Qpillar + Qboard

+
+

37.63

3.6+2(0.68)

16
1

) (T.D)

) (99 71.6)

Qwest = 3445.49 BTU/hr

East Wall:
East wall includes:
8 in. brick with in. plaster on both sides
4 ft. 8 in. thick stage (Terrazone + Cement + bricks)
9 in. thick pillar (Brick + cement)
Qeast =
Qeast = (
Qeast = (

322.83
1.8+2(0.68)

Qwall + Qpillar + Qstage

+

35.1
3.6+2(0.68)

) (T.D)

26
11.064

) (99 71.6)

Qeast = 3053.51 BTU/hr

North Wall:
North wall includes:
8 in. brick with in. plaster on both sides
Single glass (with aluminum frame) windows
9 in. thick pillars (concrete)
Qnorth =
Qnorth = (
Qnorth = (

Qwall + Qpillars + Qwindows

+ ( ) + ( ) ) (T.D)

374.12
1.8+0.68+0.17

+ (0.49 43.2216) + (1.01 132) ) (104 71.6)

Qnorth = 10945.283 BTU/hr

South Wall:
South wall includes:

8 in. brick with in. plaster on both sides

Single glass (with aluminum frame) window
9 in. thick pillars (concrete)
2 Doors
Qsouth =

Qsouth = (

Qsouth = (

Qwall + Qpillars + Qwindows + Qdoors

+ ( ) + ( ) +

419.41
1.8+2(0.68)

+ (0.51 118.48) + (1.1 13.75) +

Qsouth = 6754.77 BTU/hr

57.375
1.5

) (T.D)

) (99 71.6)

Roof:
Roof includes:
9 in. Lightweight concrete
18 in. thick beams (concrete)
Qroof =

Qroof + Qbeams

Qroof = ( ) + ( ) (. )
= + + (78 ) + ( 85)
= 54 + 2 + (78 71.6) + (90 85)
= 67.4 F
Qroof = (0.126 1053.689 67.4) + (0.18 90.48) (104 71.6)
Qroof = 9476.0193 BTU/hr

Floor:
Floor includes:
9 in. Lightweight concrete deck
1 ft. think stage (terrazone + cement + bricks)
Qfloor =

Qfloor+ Qstage

Qfloor =

(( ) +

Qfloor =

((0.49 1046.7 ) +

Qfloor =

15091.882 BTU/hr

) (T.D)

121.33
2.28+0.92

) (99 71.6)

Infiltration Load:
Sensible heat loss:

Qs

1.1 CFM T.C

Latent heat loss:

Ql

0.68 CFM (W2 W1)

CFM Values:
Doors
=

0.5 CFM per ft2 door area

CFMdoor

=
=
=

Adoor 0.5
(57.375 0.5)
28.688

Qs,door
Qs,door
Qs,door

=
=
=

1.1 CFMdoors T.C

1.1 28.688 (99 71.6)
864.656 BTU/hr

Ql,door
Ql,door
Ql,door

=
=
=

0.68 CFMdoor (W2 W1)

0.68 28.688 (182 56)
2457.987 BTU/hr

CFMdoor

Windows

0.37 CFM per ft. of sash crack

=
=
=

Lcrack 0.37
(138 0.37)
51.06

CFMwindow,south

=
=
=

Lcrack 0.37
(24 0.37)
8.8

QS(windows,north)
Q S(windows,north)
Q S(windows,north)

=
=
=

1.1 CFMwindows,north T.C

1.1 51.06 (104 71.6)
1819.778 BTU/hr

Ql, (windows,north)
Ql, (windows,north)
Ql, (windows,north)

=
=
=

0.68 CFMwindows,north (W2 W1)

0.68 51.06 (210 56)
5347.0032 BTU/hr

CFMwindows,north
CFMwindow,north
CFMwindows,south

QS(windows,south)
QS(windows, south)
QS(windows, south)

=
=
=

1.1 CFMwindows, south T.C

1.1 8.8 (99 71.6)
265.232 BTU/hr

Ql, (windows, south)

Ql, (windows, south)
Ql, (windows, south)

=
=
=

0.68 CFMwindows, south (W2 W1)

0.68 8.8 (182 56)
753.984 BTU/hr

Total infiltration load

Qinfiltration = Qs,door + Ql,door + QS(windows,north) + Ql, (windows,north) + QS(windows, south) + Ql, (windows, south)
Qinfiltration

11508.6402 BTU/hr

Internal Load:
Lighting:
= 24 (3.4 )
= 24 (3.4 40 1.25 1.0)
= 2080 /

People:
=
= 250 40 1
= 10000 /

=
= 200 40
= 8000 /
Total Internal Load:
Qinternal
Qinternal
Qinternal

=
=
=

Qtube lights + Qsensible + Qlatent

2080 + 10000 + 8000
20080 BTU/hr

Total Cooling Load:

Qtotal = Qwest + Qeast + Qnorth + Qsouth + Qfloor + Qroof + Qinfiltration + Qinternal

Qwest

3445.49

BTU/hr

Qeast

3053.51

BTU/hr

Qnorth

10945.283 BTU/hr

Qsouth

6754.77

Qroof

9476.0193 BTU/hr

Qfloor

15091.882 BTU/hr

Qinfiltration

11508.6402 BTU/hr

Qinternal

20080

BTU/hr

Qtotal

68846.95

BTU/hr

10% error

6884.695

BTU/hr

BTU/hr

Qtotal

75731.645 BTU/hr

Qtotal

6.31 tonnes