Mechanical Smoke Ventilation Calculations

For typical offices floors

Mechanical Ventilation system for typical offices floors
# Assumptions:Fire Area
=
3x3
=
Smoke Plume High (Y)
=
Total height (H)
=
Smoke layer thickness (db) = H - Y
=
Floor Area
=

9
2.5
3.5
1
1050

sq.m
M
M
M
sq.m

# Determining the heat release

Q = q x A (1)
where q =
93 KW/sq.M
Refference :- BS7436 tables with aid of NFBA 204M tables .
From equation (1)
Qs
=
837 kw
# Determining smoke mass flow rate Ms
Ms = 0.188 PY 3/2 (2)
where P = Fire Perimeter
=
Y = Clear height of smoke plume =
From equation (2)
Ms = 0.188 x12 x 2.53/2
Ms =
8.9 kg/s.
# Determining plume temperature rise :
Qs
dT
=
.(3)
Ms x Cps
dT
=
93 K
And
Ts = To + DT .(4)
Where :
Ts = Smoke temp.
To =Ambient temp. =
303 K
Ts

396 K

# Determining the required air flow rate :

V

Ms Ts
To ps

.(5)

Where :V = Required air volumetric flow rate

ps = Smoke density = 1.2 Kg/m3

12 M
2.5 M

V =
=

9.7 M3/Sec.
20,584 CFM

~~=

21,000 CFM

# Determining duct size and fan static pressure :V = A X v .(8)

Where v = volumetric flow rate for one fan =
OR.
v = volumetric flow rate for one fan =
A = duct cross sec. Area
V = desired air velocity in the duct =

21,000 cfm
9.7 M3/Sec.
6 M/Sec.

A =
1.62 M2
Static pressure ( in.wg) = 0.5 + duct friction loss
where duct friction loss = 0.5 in.wg
Total Static pressure ( in.wg) = 1 in.wg.

Conclusion :
System Description :
Exhaust Smoke Fans :
input the sugested fans
Nunmers:
2 Nos.
Fans/Zone
numbers
here .
If u (each)
put it as one it gives
Capacity:
10,500 cfm
Type
: Tubilar ducted the total flow required .
Location
: Roof Top
Duct Size
Duct Size

=
=

7.00 Sq.ft
0.65 Sq.M

=
=

60" X 22"
152 X 56 CM

in case if the enterances

Fresh Air Fans:

area is less than the
so,same
the as exhaust air capacity .
Fresh Air Fansrequired
capacityarea
shall, be
fresh air fans are required
.

Fresh Air properties shall be :

Nunmers:
2 No. Fan
Capacity:
10,500 cfm
Type
: Tubilar ducted
Location
: Roof Top
Total Static pressure ( in.wg) = 1 in.wg.

GENERAL
- All fans used in smoke management and exhaust system ( exhaust and fresh air fans )
shall be capable to withstand 200 oC temp.for 30 min.
- All fans shall be interconnected with fire allarm panel for automatic operation also, shall be
provided with ON /OFF switch near enterances for manual operation by occupants.

Mechanical Smoke Ventilation Calculations

For Basement Floor ( Store)
Mechanical Ventilation system for basement floor
# Assumptions:Fire Area
=
3x3
=
Smoke Plume High (Y)
=
Total height (H)
=
Smoke layer thickness (db) = H - Y
=
Floor Area
=

9
2.5
3.5
1
1050

sq.m
M
M
M
sq.m

# Determining the heat release

Q = q x A (1)
where q =
390 KW/sq.M
Refference :- BS7436 tables with aid of NFBA 204M tables .
From equation (1)
Qs
=
3510 kw
# Determining smoke mass flow rate Ms
Ms = 0.188 PY 3/2 (2)
where P = Fire Perimeter
=
Y = Clear height of smoke plume =
From equation (2)
Ms = 0.188 x12 x 2.53/2
Ms =
8.9 kg/s.

12 M
2.5 M

# Determining plume temperature rise :

Qs
dT
=
.(3)
Ms x Cps
dT
=
390 K
And
Ts = To + DT .(4)
Where :
Ts = Smoke temp.
To =Ambient temp. =
303 K
Ts

693 K

# Determining the required air flow rate :

V

Ms Ts
To ps

.(5)

Where :V = Required air volumetric flow rate

ps = Smoke density = 1.2 Kg/m3
V =
=

17.0 M3/Sec.
36,014 CFM

~~=

37,000 CFM

# Determining duct size and fan static pressure :V = A X v .(8)

Where v = volumetric flow rate for one fan =
OR.
v = volumetric flow rate for one fan =
A = duct cross sec. Area
V = desired air velocity in the duct =

37,000 cfm
17.0 M3/Sec.
6 M/Sec.

A =
2.83 M2
Static pressure ( in.wg) = 0.5 + duct friction loss
where duct friction loss = 0.5 in.wg
Total Static pressure ( in.wg) = 1 in.wg.

Conclusion :
System Description :
Exhaust Smoke Fans :
input the sugested fans
Nunmers:
2 Nos.
Fans/Zone
numbers
here .
If u (each)
put it as one it gives
Capacity:
18,500 cfm
Type
: Tubilar ducted the total flow required .
Location
: Roof Top
Duct Size
Duct Size

=
=

12.33 Sq.ft
1.15 Sq.M

# Determining fresh air intake area :

No. of entrances and doors =
Average door size (m)
=
=
Total fresh air intake area
=
V

= AX v

=
=

60" X 22"
152 X 56 CM

2
2.2
4.4
8.8

doors
(width) ,
m2
m2

EDIT THE ACTUAL

NO. AS PER ARCH.
DRAWINGS .
(height)

.(8)

Where V = The required fresh air supply

=
6 CFM
=
- M3/Sec.
Assuming average air velocity through doors to be 2m/s ( to allow door opening for
occupants evacuation )
A=
- m2
The required area is less than doors and enterance areas
SO, Enterance area is sufficient as fresh air supply openings .
in case if the enterances
Fresh Air Fans:
area is less than the
so,half
theof exhaust air capacity depending on the doors and
Fresh Air Fansrequired
capacityarea
shall, be
fresh to
airdeliver
fans are
required
park ramp opening
adequate
fresh air amount for the other half of the floor area .
.

Fresh Air properties shall be :

Nunmers:
2 No. Fan
Capacity:
10,500 cfm
Type
: Tubilar ducted
Location
: Roof Top
Total Static pressure ( in.wg) = 1 in.wg.

GENERAL
- All fans used in smoke management and exhaust system ( exhaust and fresh air fans )
shall be capable to withstand 200 oC temp.for 30 min.

- All fans shall be interconnected with fire allarm panel for automatic operation also, shall be
provided with ON /OFF switch near enterances for manual operation by occupants.

Left Well Pressurization fan For elevators .

No. Of Stops

No. Of elevators

Gr. +
2

No. Of Elev.Doors =

Floors +

Service Floor =

16 Floors

Nos.
2 (Gr.)

Door Size :W = 0.8 M

H = 2.0 m
Qe

14

just inter the

no. of floors

30 (Typical Floors)

32 Doors

dont touch it
formated cell

dont touch it
formated cell

= KAe (P)1/2

Where :

Ae =

0.003 x

2.0

0.8

K = 0.839
P = 50 Pascal.

Qe = 0.839 x Ae x (50)1/2
Qe

4.3

M3/Sec.

In Case One Door Opened :

Where :A = Door Area

152.8

CFM

2.0 x

32 =

0.73

0.73

M2

Mechanical Ventilation Calculations

For Car Park ( Basement )
inter the floor area here

1-Mechanical Ventilation system

Location
Floor Area
Floor Hiegh
Floor Volume

:
:
:
=

inter the floor hight

here

8000 Sq.M
2.8 M
22400 Cu.M

follow the regulation for

the area application ,
for basement 4times/hr.

No. of air change per hour

4 times

Total air volume

=
=

89600 Cu.M
3166078 Cu.Ft

Total flow rate (cfm)

52767.96 cfm

<=>

52800 cfm

Fan selection
Fan Capacity
No. of fans

=
=

13200 cfm
4 nos. fans

CONCLUSION
System Discription :
Exhaust Smoke Fans :
Nunmers:
4 Nos. Fans
Capacity:
13,200 cfm (each)
Type
: Tubilar ducted
Location
: .

according to plane (or

the posibility to install
many nos. of fans to
reduce the cap. Of the
fan .

Mechanical Smoke Ventilation Calculations

For
Mechanical Ventilation system for
Mf

Q g L2
p Cp T0

0.58 p

1/3

2 +

1+

0.22

Z +2
L

WHERE :Q
p
Cp
g
T0
L

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Heat Flux
= 5000
Density of smoke
1.2 Kg/m3
Specific Heat
1.01 Kj/KgK
Gravity Accel.
9.81m/sec2

KW

FOR Shoping Araes

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Abs.Temp - Amb.Temp.
303 K
Length of void edge past which gases spill
Width of void
3 m
Hight of rise of thermal plume above void edge
H - d2 = 4.0 - 0.8
3.2 m
Emprical hight of virtual source below void edge
0.3 H = 0.3 x 4
1.2 m

THEN :-

Mf

0.58 p

Mf

5193.05

Q g L2
p Cp T0

1/3

2 +

1.2

1+

0.22

Z +2
3

1.2

2/3

2/3

Stair Case Pressurization For Internal Stairs .

No. Of Floors

No. Of Doors

Gr. +

1 (Gr.)

6 Floors + Service Floor =

8 Floors

6 Typical Floors + Service Flo =

8 Doors

Door Size :W = 0.8 M

H = 2.0 m
Qe

= KAe (P)1/2

Where :
Ae =
0.003 x

2.0

0.8

418.8

2.0 x

K = 0.839
P = 50 Pascal.
Qe = 0.839 x Ae x (50)1/2
Qe

11.9

M3/Sec.

CFM

In Case One Door Opened :

Where :A = Door Area
V = Air Velocity = 0.75 m/sec.
Af = Area Factor = 0.6
Qo

VA
Af

0.75 x

4236

2.0 x

0.8

0.6

2.00

M3/Sec.

CFM

Conclusion :
System Description :
Left Well Pressurization fan For elevators .
Qty.
:
1
Nos. Fan/stair case
Capacity
:
4,300 cfm (each)
Type
: Tube Axial Fan
Location
: stair case Roof

1-

Provide one no. fresh air pressurized fan located on each stair case roof
of
4,300 CFM &
1.5 In.wg.

8=

0.18

2-

Provide deffrential pressure sensor at the midlle way of stair case high and interface
with fan control panel .

0.18

M2

MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT.

CAR PARKING VENTELATION CALCULATION *

DESCRIPTION

VALUE

NUMBER OF CARS

64.00

HIGHT,H

10.00

AREA OF PARKING,A

3700.00

AREA OF PARKING,AF

39826.80

TIME OF CAR OPERATION,

120.00

MAX CO2 LEVEL REQUIRED

25.00

OPERATION CARS AT PEAK

40.00

NUMBER OF OPERATION CARS AT PEAK, N

25.60

EMISSION RATE , E

700.00

GENERATION RATE G

0.45

NORMALIZE VALUE OF GENERATION RATE ,GO

2.48

18.14

0.0001363

VENTELATION RATE

0.30

REQUIRED AIR CHANGE /HR

1.78

AIR FLOW RATE

11819

STATIC PRESSURE

2.00

FAN POWER

7.88

* 1999 ASHRAE Application-A 12 Page ( 12.9 )

H:\MECHANICAL DEPT\05-08-1--- AL FAYHA\FAIHAA BASEMENT& GF\AR-02A_02B_02C BASEMENT FLR PLAN.dwg

D:\MECH\ABD ELRAHIM\CURRENT PROJECTS-2008\05-08-1--- AL FAYHA\MECH\MECH-06

DATE : 6 JUNE 2008

PROJECT : xxxx HOSP.

ALCULATION *
UNIT

I/O

CAR

INPUT

FT

INPUT

INPUT

FT

OUTPUT

SEC

RECOMMENDED

PPM

RECOMMENDED

RECOMMENDED

CAR

OUTPUT

GAL/HR

AVERAGE

g/hr.ft

OUTPUT

g/hr.ft

RECOMMENDED

OUTPUT

CFM/FT-S

RECOMMENDED

CFM/FT

OUTPUT

ACH

OUTPUT

CFM

OUTPUT

IN" W

INPUT

HP

OUTPUT

CALCULATED BY :
ENG / M.ABD EL RAHIM

_02C BASEMENT FLR PLAN.dwg

VEVTILATION CALCULATION FOR THE TRANSFORMER ROOM

PROJECT :

1-

2-

ASSUMPTION
- Ambient Temperature
- Max. Allowed Temp. Rise
- Sub- Station Ref. No.
- Number Of Transformers
- Transformer Rateing
- Number Of Transformers
- Transformer Rateing
- Power Factor
- Transformer Eff.
CALCULATION
Heat Loss / Transformer
=(
1 x
1000 +
=
16
KW
=
16000 Watt

Total Heat Dissipation

=
=
16000
=
54608
= 1.08 x CFM
= 1.08 x CFM

=
=

115
10.8
1
1
1000
0
1000
0.8
0.98

=
=
=
=
=
=

0 x

F
F
Nos.
KVA
Nos.
KVA

1000 )x

0.8 x

3.413
Btu/hr
x Temp. Rise
x
10.8

Air Quantity Required for ventilation

Then :The Air Quantity

4,682

CFM

VENTILATION SYSTEM DISCRIPTION

Number of fans
Fan Capacity / Each
Fan rating KW/Each
Fan st. Pressure

=
=
=
=

1
4,682 =
1.11
1

CFM
KW
IN.WG

(1 -

0.98 )

GENERATOR ROOM VENTILATION CALCULATION

Diesel Generator capacity

Ventilating air (cu.m/min.) =

750

KVA

H
SH

Dt

Engine Combustion Air

Where :H
H
V
D

=
=
=
=
=
SH =
=
dT=
=
ECA =
=

Total Heat Radiation in (KW) (for engine + generator)

125.5 KW
(Ref. To specs. Sheet)
Ventilating air (cu.m/min.)
Density of air (kg/m3)
1.07 At 54 deg. C
Specific heat of air ( kw.min/Kg.C)
0.017
Temp. Rise inside engine room ( deg.C)
10 deg.C
Engine Combustion Air (Exhaust gas flow )
120 cu.m/min
(Ref. To specs. Sheet)
7,182 cu.m/hr.

Radiator fan air flow

17.6 cu.m/sec.
1056 cu.m/min
37,256 cu.ft/min.

=
=

(Ref. To specs. Sheet)

THEN :Ventilating air

(V)

1.07

125.5
0.017
x

V =

810

V =

28,564 cu.ft/min.

10

120

cu.m/min

INTAKE LOUVER SIZE

-

Consider Air Velocity

Total Air Quantity
Louver Area

=
=
=

1000
28,564
29
2.7

ft/min.
cu.ft/min.
Sq.ft
Sq.m

Important Notes :1- clean , cool , dry air circulates around the switchgear , flows through the rear of the generator , across
the engine , and discharges through the radiator
2- Cool air shoul always be available for the engine air cleaner (air filter ).
3- For best ventilation results , air should flow first across the generator then to both sides of the engine .
4- Inlets located at the end of the room will provide adequate ventilation only to the engine nearast the
inlet.

5- Air flow restriction should be 0.5 inch W.G

the generator , across

h sides of the engine .

e engine nearast the