SIPHON-VORTEX

Water enters through diagonal punching around the rim of the bowl, creating a vortex that draws
the water down into the rear trap with a swirling action that scours the walls of the bowl. Water
strikes two parallel ridges and folds over forming a jet, producing siphonic action. Large water
surface provides a very efficient and clean process, and the flushing is extremely quiet. This
model is mostly of one-piece construction with a low profile. Expensive.

SIPHON-JET
Water enters through rim punchings and jets placed in an up-leg of the rear trap, filling the
trapway and creating an instant siphon action without rise of water level. The result is quick
water withdrawal. Large water surface provides an efficient and clean operation. With quiet
flushing and moderate cost, this is the most popular residential model.

REVERSE-TRAP
Water enters through rim punchings and through a jet that fills the rear trapway completely,
creating a siphon action and resulting in quick withdrawal of water from the bowl. A water jet is
located at the inlet of the trapway. Most of the bowl surface is covered with water. This model is
efficient but moderately noisy. Its cost is reasonably low.

WASH-DOWN
Water enters through an open rim, as though a bucket of water were dumped into the bowl,
filling the front trapway and creating siphon action. This model provides quick removal of water
with minimum water rise. Small water surface makes the model more vulnerable to soiling and
clogging. This is the least efficient and most noisy type but lowest in cost.

PRESSURE/TANKLESS
Strong flushing action is created by a jet of water directed into the rim and jet. The force of the
jet draws the bowl contents into the rear trap. It doesn't use siphonic action but relies on the
driving force of jet action. At flush valve 25 psi is needed with 1.5-in. inlet spud. Large water
surface and large trapway size make this model efficient and suitable for commercial use.
Flushing is very noisy. Expensive.

PRESSURE/TANK
A steel tank is located inside the china tank. Uses pressure from the water supply system. A 1.5
in. water supply line provides 25 psi pressure, compressing trapped air in the tank. When
flushed the compressed air forces the water out. The bowl is designed to accept the torrent of
water. The crest of the surging water empties the bowl through the enlarged trap. Large water
surface makes this model efficient. Design features make it suitable for residential use. Flushing
is very noisy. Low water usage (1.5 gpf) helps conserve water. Expensive.