1-48

From page 1-46

CHAPTER REVIEW

pulses of
In pulse-echo ultrasonic testing,
sound energy are transmitted into a test specimen.
_

short

C
D

long

continuous

leading

The pulse-echo system provides specific information

"

as to a discontinuity s

from

and its
_

the test specimen"s examination surface.

A.

color, location

B.

style, depth

color, location

D.
3

size, sound-path distance

Through-transmission testing uses

transducers.

three
two

one

seven

From page 1-48

The technique of ultrasonic testing where the

transducer is placed on the test specimen with a thin
couplant separating them is called:
A

D.
5

im ersiontesing.

1-49

contact testing.

through-pulsation testing.
pulsed testing.

The technique of ultrasonic testing where the test

specimen and transducer are placed in treated water
is called
testing.
_

A.
B.

pulsed
pulse-echo

immersion

through-echo

6.

The most widely used applications of the ultrasonic

techniques are in

measurement and
_

detection.

lamination, burst

burst, thickness

C
D

discontinuity, lamination
thickness, discontinuity

From page 1-49

1-50

Defect detectability is largely dependent on the

and
of the test system in use.

height, weight
size, type
sensitivity, resolution

D.

probe,

system.

A.

pulse-echo

through-transmission
through-pulsation

Ultrasonics Incorporated

computer compatibility

The best near surface resolution can be obtained

using the

To determine the depth and specific size of a

system.
discontinuity, we would use the
_

X-ray

B.

penetrant

through-transmission

D.

pulse-echo

10.

The problem of transducer alignment is a principal

disadvantage of

testing.

through-transmission

B.

pulse-echo

high-speed

thickness

From page 1-50

1-51

11.

Attenuation is a
problem in throughtransmission testing than in pulse-echo testing.
_

lesser

B.

greater

12.

Compared to the contact technique, the immersion

sensitivity to small
technique has a
_

discontinuities.

lower

B.

constant

higher

13.

Transducer angulation is easier using the

technique.
A

through-pulsation

immersion

through-transmission

14.

contact

Test specimen size is a limiting factor in

testing.
A

contact-immersion

contact

through-transmission

immersion

From page 1-51

1-52

15.

Variables in an ultrasonic testing system that are

controlled by the operator are equipment:

selection and operation.

D.

16.

coupling and scanning sequence.

test procedures and scanning sequence.
acceptance criteria and test procedures.

Given a test specimen of a certain size, shape,

acoustic impedance, surface condition, and
discontinuity properties, only the
(with proper
authorization) can be modified by the ultrasonic
_

operator.
A

material specification

surface condition

17.

discontinuity properties
shape

Assume you are performing an ultrasonic test. The

prescribes the type of reference block or
reference specimen that will be used to compare with
discontinuity indications in the test article.

scanning sequence
surface condition

test procedure

instrument manufacturer

From page 1-52

1-53

18.

Calibration of ultrasonic instruments can be based on

reflections from flat-bottomed

in standard

reference (test) blocks.

19.

discontinuities
cracks

laminations

holes

If a wrought steel plate is being tested by ultrasonics,

the reference blocks used for calibrating the test
instrument should be made of:

20.

A.

wrought steel.

aluminum.

C.

cast steel.

any wrought metal.

Assume that a discontinuity indication is 80% FSH

from a test specimen. The magnitude of the indication
from a 5/64-inch (2.0 mm) flat-bottomed hole at the
same approximate sound-path distance is also 80%
FSH. It can be assumed that the size of the actual

discontinuity is

the flat-bottomed hole.

smaller than
the same size as

larger than

not comparable to

From page 1 -53

1-54

21.

The ultrasonic testing category in which discontinuities

are indicated by a reduction or loss of transmitted
energy in the test specimen is called:

22.

A.

pulse-echo.

through-pulsation.

C.

through-transmission.

immersion echo.

Difficulty in maintaining uniform acoustical coupling

between the test specimen and the transducer is a
disadvantage of

testing.

B.

contact

through-transmission
digital thickness gauge

23.

The most widely used ultrasonic test category is:

A

through-pulsation.

B.

pulse-echo.

C.

pulse-through.

immersion.

24.

through-pulsation

Cracks and notches can be used for calibration,

should the test procedure (and application) allow it.
A

True
False

Turn to the next page for answers to these review questions.

1-55

rom page 1-54

ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS

FOR CHAPTER 1

Question & Answer

1-5

1-15

1-5

1-3

1-10

1-11

7.

1-14

1-15

1-17, 1-22

10.

1-17

11.

1-17

12.

1-24

13.

1-24

14.

1-27

15.

1-34

16.

1-36

17.

1-38

18.

1-42

19.

1-45

20.

1-42

*
-

Reference Paaefe

n to the next page.

From page 1-55

1-56

Question & Answer

Reference Paaefe)

21.

1-5

22.

1-25

23.

1-15

24.

1-41

Turn to the next page and begin Chapter 2.