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Ans:- http://yourcomputer.in/list-port-numbers-windows/
Unicast
Unicast is a one-to one connection between the client and the server. Unicast uses IP
delivery methods such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram
Protocol (UDP), which are session-based protocols. When a Windows Media Player client
connects using unicast to a Windows Media server, that client has a direct relationship
to the server. Each unicast client that connects to the server takes up additional
bandwidth. For example, if you have 10 clients all playing 100-kilobits per second (Kbps)
streams, those clients as a group are taking up 1,000 Kbps. If you have only one client
playing the 100 Kbps stream, only 100 Kbps is being used.
Multicast
Multicast is a true broadcast. The multicast source relies on multicast-enabled routers to
forward the packets to all client subnets that have clients listening. There is no direct
relationship between the clients and Windows Media server. The Windows Media server
generates an .nsc (NetShow channel) file when the multicast station is first created.
Typically, the .nsc file is delivered to the client from a Web server. This file contains
information that the Windows Media Player needs to listen for the multicast. This is
similar to tuning into a station on a radio. Each client that listens to the multicast adds
no additional overhead on the server. In fact, the server sends out only one stream per
multicast station. The same load is experienced on the server whether only one client or
1,000 clients are listening
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/291786
10) What is new in Windows 2008 AD?
Ans:Read-Only Domain Controllers
Fine-Grained Password Policies
Restartable Active Directory Service
Backup and Recovery
SYSVOL Replication with DFS-R
Auditing Improvements
UI Improvements
11) How to configure RODC to replicate password of users?
Ans:- You can add users in the PASSWORD REPLICATION POLICY tab of RODC computer
properties
12) What is the issue we face while recovering AD from VMware snapshot?
13) Difference between Authoritative and Non-authoritative restore in AD?
Ans:- http://yourcomputer.in/authoritative-vs-non-authoritative-restoration-of-activedirectory
14) What is new in Authoritative restoration in windows 2008?
15) What is new in Windows Cluster 2008?
Ans:- http://yourcomputer.in/whats-new-windows-server-2008-cluster/
16) What is Strict Replication?
Ans:Strict Replication is a mechanism developed by Microsoft developers for Active Directory
Replication. If a domain controller has the Strict Replication enabled then that domain
controller will not get Lingering Objects from a domain controller which was isolated
for more than the TombStone Life Time. TSL is 180 days by default on a Forest created
with Windows Server 2003 SP1. A domain controller shouldnt be outof sync for more
than this period. Lingering Objects may appear on other domain controllers if replication
happens with the outdated domain controllers. These domain controllers will not
replicate with the outdated domain controllers if you have set the below mentioned
registry key.You must set the following registry setting on all the domain controllers to
enable the Strict Replication:
KEY
Name: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\NTDS\Parame
ters
Type: REG_DWORD
17) What is Super Scope in DHCP?
Superscopes can resolve specific types of DHCP deployment issues for multinets,
including situations in which:
The available address pool for a currently active scope is nearly depleted, and
more computers need to be added to the network. The original scope includes
the full addressable range for a single IP network of a specified address class.
You need to use another range of IP addresses to extend the address space for
the same physical network segment.
Clients must be migrated over time to a new scope (such as to renumber the
current IP network from an address range used in an existing active scope to a
new scope that contains another range of IP addresses).
You want to use two DHCP servers on the same physical network segment to
manage separate logical IP networks.
18) What is the requirement to configure Full memory Dump in windows?
System is powered on
The CMOS loads the BIOS and then runs POST
Looks for the MBR on the bootable device
Through the MBR the boot sector is located and the BOOTMGR is loaded
BOOTMGR looks for active partition
BOOTMGR reads the BCD file from the \boot directory on the active partition
The BCD (boot configuration database) contains various configuration
parameters( this information was previously stored in the boot.ini)
8. BOOTMGR transfer control to the Windows Loader (winload.exe) or
winresume.exe in case the system was hibernated.
9. Winloader loads drivers that are set to start at boot and then transfers the control
to the windows kernel.
System is powered on
The CMOS loads the BIOS and then runs POST
Looks for the MBR on the bootable device
Through the MBR the boot sector is located and the BOOTMGR is loaded
BOOTMGR looks for active partition
BOOTMGR reads the BCD file from the \boot directory on the active partition
The BCD (boot configuration database) contains various configuration
parameters( this information was previously stored in the boot.ini)
8. BOOTMGR transfer control to the Windows Loader (winload.exe) or
winresume.exe in case the system was hibernated.
9. Winloader loads drivers that are set to start at boot and then transfers the control
to the windows kernel.
computer object alone. You can use the Group Policy loopback feature to apply Group
Policy Objects (GPOs) that depend only on which computer the user logs on to.
31) Difference between Windows 2003 and Windows 2008
Ans:- http://yourcomputer.in/difference-between-windows-2003-and-2008/
32) TCP/UDP ports used in Windows?
Ans:- http://yourcomputer.in/list-port-numbers-windows/
A: Group Policy allows you to implement specific configurations for users and computers. Group
Policy settings are contained in Group Policy objects (GPOs), which are linked to the following Active
Directory service containers: sites, domains, or organizational units (OUs).
Q: What are GPOs (Group Policy Objects)?
A: A Group Policy Object (GPO) is a collection of settings that control the working environment of
user accounts and computer accounts. GPOs define registry-based policies, security options,
software installation and maintenance options, script options, and folder redirection options.
There are two kinds of Group Policy objects:
Q: What is LDAP?
A: LDAP (Light-Weight Directory Access Protocol) determines how an object in an Active Directory
should be named. LDAP is the industry standard directory access protocol, making Active Directory
widely accessible to management and query applications. Active Directory supports LDAPv2 and
LDAPv3.
Q: Where is the AD database stored?
A: The AD database is stored in C:\Windows\NTDS\NTDS.DIT.
Q: What is the SYSVOL folder?
A: The SYSVOL folder stores the server copy of the domains public files that must be shared for
common access and replication throughout a domain.
All AD databases are stored in a SYSVOL folder and its only created in an NTFS partition. The
Active Directory Database is stored in the %SYSTEM ROOT%NDTS folder.
Q: What is Garbage collection?
A: Garbage collection is the online defragmentation of the Active Directory which happens every 12
hours.
Q: When do we use WDS?
A: Windows Deployment Services is a server role used to deploy Windows operating systems
remotely. WDS is mainly used for network-based OS installations to set up new computers.
Q: What is DNS and which port number is used by DNS?
A: The Domain Name System (DNS) is used to resolve human-readable hostnames like
www.intenseschool.com into machine-readable IP addresses like 69.143.201.22.
DNS servers use UDP port 53 but DNS queries can also use TCP port 53 if the former is not
accepted.
Q: What are main Email Servers and which are their ports?
A: Email servers can be of two types:
Incoming Mail Server (POP3, IMAP, HTTP)
The incoming mail server is the server associated with an email address account. There cannot be
more than one incoming mail server for an email account. In order to download your emails, you
must have the correct settings configured in your email client program.
Outgoing Mail Server (SMTP)
Most outgoing mail servers use SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) for sending emails. The
outgoing mail server can belong to your ISP or to the server where you setup your email account.
The main email ports are:
* SMTP port 25
* HTTP port 80
I cant seem to access the Internet, dont have any access to the corporate network and on ipconfig my
address is 169.254.*.*. What happened?
The 169.254.*.* netmask is assigned to Windows machines running 98/2000/XP if the DHCP server is not
available. The name for the technology is APIPA (Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing).
Weve installed a new Windows-based DHCP server, however, the users do not seem to be getting DHCP
leases off of it.
The server must be authorized first with the Active Directory.
How can you force the client to give up the dhcp lease if you have access to the client PC?
ipconfig /release
What authentication options do Windows 2000 Servers have for remote clients?
PAP, SPAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and EAP.
What are the networking protocol options for the Windows clients if for some reason you do not want
to use TCP/IP?
NWLink (Novell), NetBEUI, AppleTalk (Apple).
How do cryptography-based keys ensure the validity of data transferred across the network?
Each IP packet is assigned a checksum, so if the checksums do not match on both receiving and transmitting
ends, the data was modified or corrupted.
Whats the difference between forward lookup and reverse lookup in DNS?
Forward lookup is name-to-address, the reverse lookup is address-to-name.
What is the Difference between Windows 2003 standard Enterprise, Premium, Data center and Web
Edition?
WEB EDITION:
To position windows server 2003 more competitively against other web servers, Microsoft has released a
stripped-down-yet-impressive edition of windows server 2003 designed specially for web services. the feature
set and licensing allows customers easy deployment of web pages, web sites, web applications and web
services.
Web Edition supports 2GB of RAM and a two-way symmetric multiprocessor(SMP). It provides unlimited
anonymous web connections but only 10 inbound server message block(SMB) connections, which should be
more than enough for content
publishing. The server cannot be an internet gateway, DHCP or fax server. Although you can remotely
administer the server with Remote Desktop, the server can not be a terminal
server in the traditional sense. The server can belong to a domain, but cannot be a domain controller. The
included version of the microsoft SQL server database Engine can support as many as 25 concurrent
connections.
How do you recover an object in Active Directory, which is accidentally deleted by you, with no backup?
Using ntdsutil.exe command,we can restored the AD objects.
How to change the windows xp product key if wrongly installed with other product key but you have
original product key? What you will do to Make your os as Genuine?
Some third party software are available for this function or reinstall this system
If 512mb Ram is there what will be the minimum and maximum Virtual memory for the system?
To workout the total virtual memory (page file) required for windows XP you should take the amount of ram in
the system and + 25% (512MB + 25% (128MB) = 640MB total virtual memory. by setting both the min and max
to 640MB you can increase the performances of the operating system.
What is LDAP?
LDAP, Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, is an Internet protocol that email and other programs use to
look up information from a server.
1. Start NT Backup.
2. Select the Restore tab.
3. Select the backup media, and select System State.
4. Click Start Restore.
5. Click OK in the confirmation dialog box.
After you restore the backup, reboot the computer and start in normal mode to use the restored information.
The computer might hang after the restore completes; Ive experienced a 30-minute wait on some machines.
What domain services are necessary for you to deploy the Windows Deployment Services on
your network?
Windows Deployment Services requires that a DHCP server and a DNS server be installed in the domain
has released a
stripped-down-yet-impressive edition of windows server 2003 designed specially for web
services. the feature set and licensing allows customers easy deployment of web pages,
web sites, web applications and web services.
Web Edition supports 2GB of RAM and a two-way symmetric multiprocessor(SMP). It
provides unlimited anonymous web connections but only 10 inbound server message
block(SMB) connections, which should be more than enough for content
publishing. The server cannot be an internet gateway, DHCP or fax server. Although you
can remotely administer the server with Remote Desktop, the server can not be a terminal
server in the traditional sense. The server can belong to a domain, but cannot be a domain
controller. The included version of the microsoft SQL server database Engine can support
as many as 25 concurrent connections.
4 No
4 No
7 No
6 No
5 No
0 No
7 :: What is LDAP?
LDAP, Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, is an Internet protocol that email and other
programs use to look up information from a server.
4 No
2 No
The application directory partition can contain any type of data except security principles
(users, computers, groups).
1 No
Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS) enables a Windows Server 2012 sever to use
login information for a variety of severs and services so that a single login provides users with
access to all resources.
Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (ADLDS) used to setup a small version of
Active Directory database for the purpose of Active Directory integrated applications.
Active Directory Rights Management Services (ADRMS) enables Active Directory to exchange
information with AD RMS- compatible software. Enabling an additional layer of security that content
owners can use to protect their documents. Content owners can specifically set permissions that
controls who can open, modify, forward or print each document.
Application Server a server on which you have installed an server application such as Microsoft
SQL Server or Microsoft Exchange Server.
DHCP Server enables a Windows server to automatically lease IP addresses to different clients
such as computers and printers instead of requiring you to manually configure each devices IP
address settings.
DNS Server configures a Windows server to provide name resolution services the process by
which a computer finds a computers IP address based on a provide computer name.
FAX Server a fax server sends and receives faxes for multiple users. When it receives faxes, a fax
server forwards those faxes to the relevant users mailbox.
File and Storage Services a server service, used to manage access to files on the server. Also
used to implement Distributed File Services (DFS) and access to network storage.
Hyper-V Hyper V service is installed and configured to support the implementation of virtual
machines.
Print and Document Services enables you to centrally manage printers and scanners, as well as
their queues on the network.
Network Policy and Access Services enables you to secure remote access to the network,
meeting requirements that all remote users authenticate to the server running Network Policy and
Access Services before gaining access to the corporate network.
Remote Access - enables users to connect to the network remotely without requiring virtual private
network (VPN) connections.
Remote Desktop Services enables a Windows server to provide access to virtual desktops,
session-based desktops, and applications that encompass Remote App.
Volume Activation Services configures a Windows server to automate the process of tracking
volume license keys and their activation. The service can also be used to implement Key
Management Services (KMS) host or Active Directory-based license activation for domain members.
Web Server (IIS) enables the setup of a Windows server as a web server.
Windows Deployment Services (WDS) a service used to install and configure Windows
operating systems across the network.
Windows Server Update Services (WSUS) enables automated deployment of updates for
Microsoft products such as Windows and Microsoft Office.
Windows Server 2012 Features
Windows BitLocker Drive Encryption enable or disable encryption at the disk or volume level.
Enables encryption at the Windows startup environment.
Failover Clustering used to set up server clusters, increasing the reliability of you your servers by
providing back up servers.
Group Policy Management an administrative console used to implement Group Policy on an
organizations network.
Ink and Handwriting Services enables the network to support input via pens, and recognition of
handwriting and math equations.
Internet Printing Client configure support for user to connect and print to local printers or Internet
printers using the Internet Printing Protocol (IPP).
Network Load Balancing (NLB) used to balance the user workload across multiple servers
running a stateless application. Stateless applications respond independently to each client request,
making it possible for multiple servers to balance the client requests.
Remote Assistance enables support to clients that send invitations, by providing remote
assistance you can access the client desktop as if you were sitting at the actual computer.
Remote Server Administration Tools enables remote management of servers running Windows
Server 2008 R2 and Windows Server 2012. It is also possible to manage Windows Server 2003
servers as long as you connect to them through a server running either Windows Server 2008 R2 or
Windows Server 2012.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol use to configure a server to send email messages.
Telnet Client, Telnet Server enables setup of server to support uses connecting and accessing
files using the Telnet Protocol. The Telnet Client is used to connect to Telnet servers.
Windows PowerShell- provides a command-line interface for running commands or scripts to
perform administrative tasks.
Windows Server Backup use to backup a Windows server and if necessary to restore a backup
after a server failure.
Windows System Resource Manager(WSRM) - enables the configuration of the allocation of both
a servers CPU and RAM resources.
Wireless Local Area Network Service (LAN) configure the wireless LAN service to enable a
server to communicate using a wireless network adapter.
Windows on Windows (WoW) 64 Support Windows Server 2012 64-Bit servers use this feature
to allow 32-Bit applications to run.
New Features Added to Windows Server 2012
Command auto-completion a feature that displays clickable lists of cmdlets as you type in
Windows PowerShell. Lists include matching cmdlets, parameters, parameter values, files, folders.
Enhanced storage Windows Server 2012 includes features that enable the operating system to
support large disk workloads on virtual machines. Also included is a new virtual hard disk format
(VHDX) which improves performance, support for Virtual Fibre Channel enabling virtual machines to
communicate with Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks (SANs); The ability to implement 4-KB disk
sectors on Hyper-V virtual disk for improved capacity and reliability; and support for Offloaded Data
Transfer (ODX), enabling the virtual machine host to focus CPU time on the application and rely on
the SAN to manage reading and writing to disk.
Features on Demand Choosing this feature during installation prevents Setup from copying all
operating system source files to the servers disk. The advantage is it eliminates the use of disk
space for storage of resource files. To install a feature or role you use Features on Demand to install
features and roles by obtaining source files and resources stored in a remote location, Windows
update, or the installation media. The disadvantage of implementation is that you must provide the
source files whenever you want to install a feature or sever role.
IP Address Management (IPAM) Server enables central management of both DHCP and DNS
servers. Can also be used to discover, monitor, and audit DHCP and DNS servers.
New Cmdlets new cmdlets for configuring and managing Active Directory replication and
replication topology.
Resilient File System (ReFS) included in Windows Server 2012 is this new file system provides
enhanced reliability, better data integrity, and compatibility with existing APIs and file system filters.
Revised Task Manager The new Task Manager includes a new Processes Tab, enabling you to
identify the processes that are consuming server resources.
User interface you are prompted during installation whether you want to install a Server Core
installation, a Minimal Server Interface, a server with a graphical user interface (GUI), or full desktop
experience interface. After installing a server different options can be chosen by using PowerShell
cmdlets.