Chapter 1

The Problem and Its Background

Introduction
Computer is a machine that allows people to do things easily.
Computers have the ability to process information, data, and generate
transaction over a less period of time. We see computers all time, like in
schools and offices. Vote is the official choice that you make in an election by
casting a ballot or raising your hand, speaking the choice aloud. Election is a
formal decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual
to hold public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which
modern representative democracy has operated since the 17th century.
Elections

may

fill

offices

the executive and judiciary,

and

in

the

legislature,

for regional and local

sometimes
government.

in
This

process is also used in many other private and business organizations, from
clubs to voluntary associations and corporations.

We all know that voting in

the Philippines is not that organized and a lot of anomalies are happening
during this period of time. Whether it is for the Local Elections, Brgy.
Elections, National Elections or just even School Elections. Voting is very hard
because we need to fall in a very long line just to wait for your turn to vote,
and then another long line to submit your vote, the next problem is the
results, this is where the anomalies comes in and it will take a long time for
the results to be posted.
The current voting system that we have is still manual voting, even
though the counting is using PCOS machines, still it takes a long time to
process. The Barangay Elections and the School Elections are still under

manual voting and counting, which has a very vulnerable security, counting
takes a very long time and last for hours and even days.
The fundamental goal of this thesis is to make voting easier by utilizing
computers and the internet. Further usage and functionality of the project will
be discussed throughout the process.
Background of the Study
This thesis aims to apply the said proposal at Don Bosco Technical
Institute in Tarlac City (formerly, Don Bosco Academy), or simply Don Bosco
Tarlac, is an all-male private Catholic pre-school, grade school and high
school, and the first ever Don Bosco school in the Philippines. It is the only
academic-technical school in Tarlac. Its campus is located in Sto. Cristo, Tarlac
City, Philippines. This school has been named after St. John Bosco whom the
Church has proclaimed Father and Teacher of the Youth. He dedicated his life
to teaching. To continue this work, he founded a religious society of priests
and brothers - the Salesians of Don Bosco (SDB). Don Bosco Tarlac was
opened in 1947 in the rented Oriente Hotel by Fr. James Wilson, an American
army chaplain at Clark Air Base concerned with the Catholic education of the
youth of Tarlac. Because of his devotion to the saint, he named his school St.
John Bosco Academy. It transferred to its present site in Brgy. Sto. Cristo in
1948. In 1951, the school received its first Salesian, Fr. Anthony DiFalco. From
then onwards, it received a steady stream of Salesians who continued to
improve the school. It started its technical curriculum in 1974 and four years
later came to be known as Don Bosco Technical Institute. From a student
population of 80 in 1947, it has grown to around 1,034 at present. The first

Salesian educational institution, St. John Bosco Academy, was founded in

1951 in Tarlac, Tarlac. A second institution was established in 1952 at
Victorias, Negros Occidental, and was followed by other schools in
Mandaluyong in 1953, in Cebu and in Makati in 1954 and eventually
Pampanga in 1956. DBTI is made up of the Educative Pastoral Community
(EPC). Its main components are the Salesians, the teaching and non-teaching
personnel, the alumni, the parents, and the students. The Salesian spirit
gives to the institution its lifestyle, its way of doing things. One element is the
Family Spirit. Being an educational institution, DBTI has a system of education
called the Preventive System. This system rests on the pillars of religion,
reason, and loving kindness.

Information Technology Innovation

The required system is hardware and software. It will use a software
were it can be accessible via web, and will have an oracle database. Detailed
information will be shown in Table 1.0 and Table 1.1.

Table 1.0
Hardware Requirement of the Developed System
Computer Specifications
OS

Windows 7

Processor

Dual Core

Speed

1.2GHz

RAM

2gb

Table 1.1

Software Requirement of the Developed System

Programming Language

PHP

Database

PHP Database/Oracle

Rationale
The proponents believed that a better election leads to a better way of
life. The proposed computerized software is secure. The proponents target is
to get a lot of voters due to is efficiency. The proponents require the school
and the students to utilize the system in order to save time which will lead to
teacher having more time to teach.

Statement of the Objectives of the Study

General Objective: The main objective of the study is to develop a system
that will be used in school voting with a purpose of saving effort and time and
to make a reliable, easier and less hassle voting.
Specific Objective: Specifically, the study achieved the following:
1. Design and develop E voting system.
2. Evaluate the develop system in terms of:
2.1
Accuracy.
2. 1. 1 Accurate Result
2. 1. 2 Follows the device commands
2. 1. 3 Votes are inputted correctly
2. 1. 4 Votes go directly to the database
2.2 Security
2. 2. 1 Only authorized users can access the system
2. 2. 2 Saves users id and registration list.

2. 2. 3 Only registered voters can vote.

2.3 Functionality
2.3.1 Voting is done easily
2.3.2 User- friendly
2.3.3 Fast and easy to follow process

Scope and Delimitation

The scope was designed to provide an android based voting system
that will satisfy the user in terms of accuracy, functionality, and security.
It is off limits to the students, meaning students are not given the privilege to
see the list of registered voters and the counting process.
Thus, the system will have the following scope:

The faculty/admin can add/remove voters and candidates.

In the proposed system the faculty/admin can view the counting

process.
The developed system will have the list/tally of votes.
Registered Email address on the database will receive notification of

winner.
Students/User can only view the list of registered candidates.
Admin page will have an authorized access for security purposes.

Delimitations:

After voting the use of indelible ink will be used.

Not accessible online.

Significance of the Study

The main target of the study is to develop an secured e-voting system
that would be beneficial to the users.
The following are the beneficiaries of the system:

Users. It should be able to provide fast, accurate, less hassle, and

effortless by the user avoiding the waste of time and become more
valuable.
Researchers. The study should be able to provide information needed
by the researchers and to comply with the course requirements.
Future Researchers. The study should serve as reference and tool to
future researchers working on similar subject.
Definition of terms
Technical terms are to be defined for better understanding by the
readers. These terms can be defined conceptually through dictionary or
operationally based on its implication in this study. These terms related to the
proposed study are defined as follows:

Definition of Terms
Accuracy.

the degree to which the result of a measurement,

calculation, or specification conforms to the correct value or a standard

Authentication. It refers on authentication of the administrator. It is
the process of identifying an individual, usually based on a username
and password, authentication is distinct from authorization, which is
the process of giving individuals access to system objects based on
their identity.
System. is any component element that work together to perform a
task.

Operating System. is software that manages computer hardware

and software resources and provides common services for computer
programs.
Database. is a collection of information that is organized so that it can
easily be accessed, managed, and updated. In one view, databases can
be classified according to types of content: bibliographic, full-text,
numeric, and images.
Programming Language. is a formal constructed language designed
to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer.
Programming languages can be used to create programs to control the
behavior of a machine or to express algorithms.
PCOS machines. PCOS stands for Precinct Count Optical Scanner. It is
a machine that reads votes based on pencil markings on a special type
of paper. Its maker, Smartmatic gives it the name SAES-1800. A PCOS
machine will read ballots instead of bet slips. You will also mark
numbers using a pencil. Each number corresponds to the candidates
running for the post.

Security. is the degree of resistance to, or protection from, harm. It

applies to any vulnerable and valuable asset, such as a person,
dwelling, community, nation, or organization.