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SAEsteelgrades
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

SAEInternational,asastandardsorganization,maintainsseveralalloynumberingsystems,oneof
which,forsteelgrades,istheSAEsteelgradessystem.
Inthe1930sand1940stheAmericanIronandSteelInstitute(AISI)andSAEwerebothinvolvedin
effortstostandardizesuchanumberingsystemforsteels.Theseeffortsweresimilarandoverlapped
significantly.ForseveraldecadesthesystemswereunitedintoajointsystemdesignatedtheAISI/SAE
steelgrades.In1995theAISIturnedoverfuturemaintenanceofthesystemtoSAEbecausetheAISI
neverwroteanyofthespecifications.[1]
TodaysteelquotesandcertificationscommonlymakereferencetobothSAEandAISI,notalwayswith
precisedifferentiation.Forexample,inthealloy/gradefield,acertmightsay"4140","AISI4140",or
"SAE4140",andinmostlightindustrialapplicationsanyoftheaboveisacceptedasadequate,and
consideredequivalent,forthejobathand,aslongasthespecificspecificationcalledoutbythedesigner
(forexample,"4140barperASTMA108"or"4140barperAMS6349")iscertifiedtoonthecertificate.
Thealloynumberissimplyageneralclassifier,whereasitisthespecificationitselfthatnarrowsdown
thesteeltoaveryspecificstandard.
TheSAEsteelgradesystem'scorrespondencetootheralloynumberingsystems,suchastheASTM
SAEunifiednumberingsystem(UNS),canbeseenincrossreferencingtables(includingtheonesgiven
below).
TheAISIsystemusedaletterprefixtodenotethesteelmakingprocess.Theprefix"C"denotedopen
hearthfurnace,electricarcfurnaceorbasicoxygenfurnace,while"E"denoteselectricarcfurnace
steel.[2][3]Aletter"L"withinthegradenameindicatesleadasanaddedingredientforexample,12L14
isacommongradethatis1214withleadaddedformachinability.

Contents
1Carbonandalloysteel
2Stainlesssteel
3Highstrengthlowalloysteel
4Seealso
5References
5.1Notes
5.2Bibliography

Carbonandalloysteel
Carbonsteelsandalloysteelsaredesignatedbyafourdigitnumber,wherethefirstdigitindicatesthe
mainalloyingelement(s),theseconddigitindicatesthesecondaryalloyingelement(s),andthelasttwo
digitsindicatetheamountofcarbon,inhundredthsofapercent(basispoints)byweight.Forexample,a
1060steelisaplaincarbonsteelcontaining0.60wt%C.[4]
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An"H"suffixcanbeaddedtoanydesignationtodenotehardenabilityisamajorrequirement.The
chemicalrequirementsareloosenedbuthardnessvaluesdefinedforvariousdistancesonaJominy
test.[3]
Majorclassificationsofsteel[2]
SAEdesignation
Type
1xxx

Carbonsteels

2xxx

Nickelsteels

3xxx

Nickelchromiumsteels

4xxx

Molybdenumsteels

5xxx

Chromiumsteels

6xxx

Chromiumvanadiumsteels

7xxx

Tungstensteels

8xxx

Nickelchromiummolybdenumsteels

9xxx

Siliconmanganesesteels

SAEdesignation

Carbonandalloysteelgrades[5]
Type
Carbonsteels

10xx Plaincarbon(Mn1.00%max.)
11xx Resulfurized
12xx Resulfurizedandrephosphorized
15xx Plaincarbon(Mn1.001.65%)
Manganesesteels
13xx Mn1.75%
Nickelsteels
23xx Ni3.50%
25xx Ni5.00%
Nickelchromiumsteels
31xx Ni1.25%Cr0.65%,or0.80%
32xx Ni1.25%Cr1.07%
33xx Ni3.50%Cr1.50%,or1.57%
34xx Ni3.00%Cr0.77%
Molybdenumsteels
40xx Mo0.20%,0.25%,orMo0.25%andS0.042%[1]
44xx Mo0.40%,or0.52%
Chromiummolybdenum(chromoly)steels
41xx Cr0.50%,0.80%,or0.95%Mo0.12%,0.20%,0.25%,or0.30%
Nickelchromiummolybdenumsteels
43xx Ni1.82%Cr0.500.80%Mo0.25%
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43BVxx Ni1.82%Cr0.50%Mo0.12%,or0.35%V0.03%min
47xx Ni1.05%Cr0.45%Mo0.20%,or0.35%
81xx Ni0.30%Cr0.40%Mo0.12%
81Bxx Ni0.30%Cr0.45%Mo0.12%andaddedboron[1]
86xx Ni0.55%Cr0.50%Mo0.20%
87xx Ni0.55%Cr0.50%Mo0.25%
88xx Ni0.55%Cr0.50%Mo0.35%
93xx Ni3.25%Cr1.20%Mo0.12%
94xx Ni0.45%Cr0.40%Mo0.12%
97xx Ni0.55%Cr0.20%Mo0.20%
98xx Ni1.00%Cr0.80%Mo0.25%
Nickelmolybdenumsteels
46xx Ni0.85%,or1.82%Mo0.20%,or0.25%
48xx Ni3.50%Mo0.25%
Chromiumsteels
50xx Cr0.27%,0.40%,0.50%,or0.65%
50xxx Cr0.50%C1.00%min
50Bxx Cr0.28%,or0.50%andaddedboron[1]
51xx Cr0.80%,0.87%,0.92%,1.00%,or1.05%
51xxx Cr1.02%C1.00%min.
51Bxx Cr0.80%andaddedboron[1]
52xxx Cr1.45%C1.00%min.
Chromiumvanadiumsteels
61xx Cr0.60%,0.80%,0.95%V0.10%,or0.15%min.
Tungstenchromiumsteels
72xx W1.75%Cr0.75%
Siliconmanganesesteels
92xx Si1.40%,or2.00%Mn0.65%,0.82%,or0.85%Cr0.00%,or0.65%
Highstrengthlowalloysteels
9xx VariousSAEgrades
xxBxx Boronsteels
xxLxx Leadedsteels

Stainlesssteel
Type102austeniticgeneralpurposestainlesssteelworkingforfurniture
200Seriesausteniticchromiumnickelmanganesealloys
Type201austeniticthatishardenablethroughcoldworking
Type202austeniticgeneralpurposestainlesssteel
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300Seriesausteniticchromiumnickelalloys
Type301highlyductile,forformedproducts.Alsohardensrapidlyduringmechanical
working.Goodweldability.Betterwearresistanceandfatiguestrengththan304.
Type302samecorrosionresistanceas304,withslightlyhigherstrengthduetoadditional
carbon.
Type303freemachiningversionof304viaadditionofsulfurandphosphorus.Also
referredtoas"A1"inaccordancewithISO3506.[6]
Type304themostcommongradetheclassic18/8(18%chromium,8%nickel)stainless
steel.OutsideoftheUSitiscommonlyknownas"A2stainlesssteel",inaccordancewith
ISO3506(nottobeconfusedwithA2toolsteel).[6]
Type304Lsameasthe304gradebutlowercarboncontenttoincreaseweldability.Is
slightlyweakerthan304.
Type304LNsameas304L,butalsonitrogenisaddedtoobtainamuchhigheryieldand
tensilestrengththan304L.
Type308usedasthefillermetalwhenwelding304.
Type309bettertemperatureresistancethan304,alsosometimesusedasfillermetalwhen
weldingdissimilarsteels,alongwithinconel.
Type316thesecondmostcommongrade(after304)forfoodandsurgicalstainlesssteel
usesalloyadditionofmolybdenumpreventsspecificformsofcorrosion.Itisalsoknownas
marinegradestainlesssteelduetoitsincreasedresistancetochloridecorrosioncomparedto
type304.316isoftenusedforbuildingnuclearreprocessingplants.
Type316Lisanextralowcarbongradeof316,generallyusedinstainlesssteelwatches
andmarineapplications,aswellexclusivelyinthefabricationofreactorpressurevesselsfor
boilingwaterreactors,duetoitshighresistancetocorrosion.Alsoreferredtoas"A4"in
accordancewithISO3506.[6]
Type316Tivariantoftype316thatincludestitaniumforheatresistance.Itisusedin
flexiblechimneyliners.
Type321similarto304butlowerriskofwelddecayduetoadditionoftitanium.Seealso
347withadditionofniobiumfordesensitizationduringwelding.
400Seriesferriticandmartensiticchromiumalloys
Type405ferriticforweldingapplications
Type408heatresistantpoorcorrosionresistance11%chromium,8%nickel.
Type409cheapesttypeusedforautomobileexhaustsferritic(iron/chromiumonly).
Type410martensitic(highstrengthiron/chromium).Wearresistant,butlesscorrosion
resistant.
Type416easytomachineduetoadditionalsulfur
Type420CutleryGrademartensiticsimilartotheBrearley'soriginalrustlesssteel.
Excellentpolishability.
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Type430decorative,e.g.,forautomotivetrimferritic.Goodformability,butwith
reducedtemperatureandcorrosionresistance.
Type439ferriticgrade,ahighergradeversionof409usedforcatalyticconverterexhaust
sections.Increasedchromiumforimprovedhightemperaturecorrosion/oxidationresistance.
Type440ahighergradeofcutlerysteel,withmorecarbon,allowingformuchbetteredge
retentionwhenproperlyheattreated.ItcanbehardenedtoapproximatelyRockwell58
hardness,makingitoneofthehardeststainlesssteels.Duetoitstoughnessandrelatively
lowcost,mostdisplayonlyandreplicaswordsorknivesaremadeof440stainless.
Availableinfourgrades:440A,440B,440C,andtheuncommon440F(freemachinable).
440A,havingtheleastamountofcarboninit,isthemoststainresistant440C,havingthe
most,isthestrongestandisusuallyconsideredmoredesirableinknifemakingthan440A,
exceptfordivingorothersaltwaterapplications.
Type446Forelevatedtemperatureservice
500Seriesheatresistingchromiumalloys
600Seriesoriginallycreatedforproprietaryalloys,whicharenolongergivenSAEgrade
numbers[7]
601through604:Martensiticlowalloysteels.
610through613:Martensiticsecondaryhardeningsteels.
614through619:Martensiticchromiumsteels.
630through635:Semiausteniticandmartensiticprecipitationhardeningstainlesssteels.
Type630ismostcommonPHstainless,betterknownas17417%chromium,4%
nickel.
650through653:Austeniticsteelsstrengthenedbyhot/coldwork.
660through665:Austeniticsuperalloysallgradesexceptalloy661arestrengthenedby
secondphaseprecipitation.

SAE
UNS
%
designation designation Cr

Stainlesssteeldesignations[8]
% %
%Ni %C
%P %S %N
Mn Si

Other

Austenitic
201

S20100

16
18

3.5
5.5

0.15

5.5
0.75 0.06 0.03 0.25
7.5

202

S20200

17
19

46

0.15

7.5
0.75 0.06 0.03 0.25
10.0

205

S20500

16.5
0.12 14
0.32
11.75
0.75 0.06 0.03

18
0.25 15.5
0.40

254[9]

S31254

20

18

0.02

max

301

S30100

16
18

68

0.15 2

0.75 0.045 0.03

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6Mo0.75Cu"Super
0.20 austenitic"Allvalues
nominal

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302

S30200

302B

S30215

303

17
19

810

0.15 2

0.75 0.045 0.03 0.1

17
19

810

0.15 2

2.0
0.045 0.03
3.0

S30300

17
19

810

0.15 2

0.2

0.15

min

Mo0.60(optional)

303Se

S30323

17
19

810

0.15 2

0.2

0.06

0.15Semin

304

S30400

18
20

8
0.08 2
10.50

0.75 0.045 0.03 0.1

304L

S30403

18
20

812

0.03 2

0.75 0.045 0.03 0.1

304Cu

S30430

17
19

810

0.08 2

0.75 0.045 0.03

34Cu

304N

S30451

18
20

8
0.08 2
10.50

0.75 0.045 0.03

305

S30500

17
19

10.50
0.12 2
13

0.75 0.045 0.03

308

S30800

19
21

1012 0.08 2

0.045 0.03

309

S30900

22
24

1215 0.2

0.045 0.03

309S

S30908

22
24

1215 0.08 2

0.045 0.03

310

S31000

24
26

1922 0.25 2

1.5

0.045 0.03

310S

S31008

24
26

1922 0.08 2

1.5

0.045 0.03

314

S31400

23
26

1922 0.25 2

1.5
0.045 0.03
3.0

316

S31600

16
18

1014 0.08 2

0.75 0.045 0.03 0.10 2.03.0Mo

316L

S31603

16
18

1014 0.03 2

0.75 0.045 0.03 0.10 2.03.0Mo

316F

S31620

16
18

1014 0.08 2

316N

S31651

16
18

1014 0.08 2

0.75 0.045 0.03

0.10
2.03.0Mo
0.16

317

S31700

18
20

1115 0.08 2

0.75 0.045 0.03

0.10
3.04.0Mo
max

317L

S31703

18
20

1115 0.03 2

0.75 0.045 0.03

0.10
3.04.0Mo
max

321

S32100

17
19

912

0.75 0.045 0.03

0.10 Ti5(C+N)min,0.70
max max

329

S32900

23

0.08 2

2.55 0.08 2

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0.2

0.10

0.16

0.10

min

0.75 0.04 0.03

1.752.50Mo

12Mo
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28
330

N08330

17
20

3437 0.08 2

0.75
0.04 0.03
1.50

347

S34700

17
19

913

0.08 2

0.75 0.045 0.030

Nb+Ta,10xCmin,
1max

348

S34800

17
19

913

0.08 2

0.75 0.045 0.030

Nb+Ta,10xCmin,
1max,but0.10Ta
max0.20Ca

384

S38400

15
17

1719 0.08 2

SAE
UNS
%
designation designation Cr

%Ni %C

%
Mn

0.045 0.03
%
Si

%P %S %N

Other

Ferritic
405

S40500

11.5

14.5

0.08 1

0.04 0.03

0.10.3Al,0.60max

409

S40900

10.5
0.05
11.75

0.08 1

0.045 0.03

Ti6x(C+N)[10]

429

S42900

14
16

0.75

0.12 1

0.04 0.03

430

S43000

16
18

0.75

0.12 1

0.04 0.03

430F

S43020

16
18

0.12 1.25 1

0.06

430FSe

S43023

16
18

0.12 1.25 1

0.06 0.06

0.15Semin

434

S43400

16
18

0.12 1

0.04 0.03

0.751.25Mo

436

S43600

16
18

0.12 1

0.04 0.03

0.751.25MoNb+Ta
5xCmin,0.70max

442

S44200

18
23

0.2

0.04 0.03

446

S44600

23
27

0.25

0.2

1.5 1

0.04 0.03

%
Mn

%P %S %N

SAE
UNS
%
designation designation Cr

%Ni %C

%
Si

0.15

min

0.60Mo(optional)

Other

Martensitic
403

S40300

11.5 0.60
13.0

0.15 1

0.5

0.04 0.03

410

S41000

11.5
0.75
13.5

0.15 1

0.04 0.03

414

S41400

11.5 1.25
0.15 1
13.5 2.50

0.04 0.03

416

S41600

12
14

0.15 1.25 1

0.06

0.15

min

0.060Mo(optional)

12
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416Se

S41623

14

0.15 1.25 1

0.06 0.06

0.15Semin

420

S42000

12
14

0.15
1
min

0.04 0.03

420F

S42020

12
14

0.15
1.25 1
min

422

S42200

11.0 0.50 0.20 0.5

0.5
12.5 1.0
0.25 1.0

0.025 0.025

0.901.25Mo0.20
0.30V0.901.25W

431

S41623

15
17

1.25
0.2
2.50

440A

S44002

16
18

440B

S44003

440C

S44004

0.06

0.15

min

0.60Momax
(optional)

0.04 0.03

0.60
1
0.75

0.04 0.03

0.75Mo

16
18

0.75
1
0.95

0.04 0.03

0.75Mo

16
18

0.95
1
1.20

0.04 0.03

0.75Mo

SAE
UNS
%
designation designation Cr

%Ni %C

%
Mn

%
Si

%P %S %N

Other

Heatresisting
501

S50100

46

0.10
1
min

0.04 0.03

0.400.65Mo

502

S50200

46

0.1

0.04 0.03

0.400.65Mo

Martensiticprecipitationhardening
630

S17400

15
17

35

0.07 1

0.04 0.03

Cu35,Ta0.150.45
[11]

Highstrengthlowalloysteel
Seealso
ASTMInternational
Steelgrades
Unifiednumberingsystem

References
Notes
1. ^abcdeBringas,JohnE.(2004).HandbookofComparativeWorldSteelStandards:ThirdEdition
(http://web.archive.org/web/20070127135646/http://www.astm.org/BOOKSTORE/PUBS/DS67B_SampleCha
pter.pdf)(3rded.).ASTMInternational.p.14.ISBN0803133626.Archivedfromtheoriginal
(http://www.astm.org/BOOKSTORE/PUBS/DS67B_SampleChapter.pdf)onJanuary27,2007.
2. ^abJeffus,p.635.
3. ^abDegarmo,p.115.
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4. ^Degarmo,p.113
5. ^Oberg,p.406.
6. ^abc"StainlessSteelFasteners"
(http://web.archive.org/web/20070929001157/http://www.assda.asn.au/asp/index.asp?pgid=18732).Australian
StainlessSteelDevelopmentAssociation.Archivedfromtheoriginal(http://www.assda.asn.au/asp/index.asp?
pgid=18732)on20070929.Retrieved20070813.
7. ^Cobb,Harold(September2007)."TheNamingandNumberingofStainlessSteels"
(http://www.asminternational.org/portal/site/www/AsmStore/ProductDetails/?
vgnextoid=0abe29e36c228110VgnVCM100000701e010aRCRD).AdvancedMaterials&Processes:3944.
8. ^Oberg,pp.411412.
9. ^"WhatisStainlessSteel?"(http://www.nickelinstitute.org/index.cfm/ci_id/11021.htm).NickelInstitute.
Retrieved20070813.
10. ^"section2,partA:Standardspecificationforchromiumandchromiumnickelstainlesssteelplate,sheet,and
stripforpressurevesselsandforgeneralapplications".ASTMASA240/SA540M.2007.p.385.
11. ^"PrecipitationHardeningStainlessSteelType174PH(S17400)"(http://www.upmet.com/media/174.pdf)
(PDF).

Bibliography
Degarmo,E.PaulBlack,JT.Kohser,RonaldA.(2003).MaterialsandProcessesin
Manufacturing(9thed.).Wiley.ISBN0471656534.
Jeffus,LarryF.(2002).Welding:PrinciplesandApplications(http://books.google.com/?
id=zeRiW7en7HAC).CengageLearning.ISBN1401810462.
Oberg,E.etal.(1996).Machinery'sHandbook(25thed.).IndustrialPressInc.
Cobb,Harold(September2007)."TheNamingandNumberingofStainlessSteels"
(http://www.asminternational.org/portal/site/www/AsmStore/ProductDetails/?
vgnextoid=0abe29e36c228110VgnVCM100000701e010aRCRD).AdvancedMaterials&
Processes:3944.
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