Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Equivalence ratio
Low speed
Medium speed
High speed
Wide-open throttle
High speed
Medium speed
Low speed
In take mass flow rate
(b)
FIGURE 6.1 Typical mixture requirements for two common operating strategies.
Top diagram shows equivalence ratio variation with intake mass flow rate.
Bottom diagram shows recycled exhaust (EGR) schedule as a function of
intake flow rate. When tight control of NOx, HC, and CO emission is required,
operation of the engine with a stoichiometric mixture and a three-way catalyst
3
can be used.
6.2 CARBURETORS
6.2 CARBURETORS
6.2.1 Carburetor Fundamentals
Air
Fuel
1.Inlet section
2.Venturi throat
3.Float chamber
4.Pressure equalizing
passage
5.Calibrated orifice
6.Fuel discharge tube
7.Throttle plate
where
CDT : discharge coefficient
AT: area of the venturi throat
pT: pressure at the throat
po: stagnation pressure
To: stagnation temperature
6
This
For air
8
otherwise
Critical flow
0.70
Critical ratio
where
: discharge coefficient
: area of the orifice
Asked:
Vtot = 3.6x10-3 m3
dT, do
N = 6000 rpm
(A/F)s = 14.6
h = 10 mm
12
Analysis:
From
= 0.1705 kg/s
From
(1)
At the condition that the air flow speed is equal to the speed
of sound (choked flow), = 0.7 and
= 0.528, knowing
that po = patm = 101330 N/m2. We get
13
Ans
(2)
and
14
Then
Pa
kg/s
Ans
15
CARBURATOR PERFORMANCE
The air/fuel ratio delivered by a carburetor is given by
16
lean
Rich
17
20
21
where
22
23
~ 730 kg/m3
24
25
26
close
FIGURE 6.9 Basic automobile carburetor showing (A) venturi, (B) throttle valve, (C) fuel
capillary tube, (D) fuel reservoir, (E) main metering valve, (F) idle speed adjustment, (G)
28
idle valve, and (H) choke.
FIGURE 6.9 Basic automobile carburetor showing (A) venturi, (B) throttle valve, (C) fuel
capillary tube, (D) fuel reservoir, (E) main metering valve, (F) idle speed adjustment, (G)
29
idle valve, and (H) choke.
CHOKE
Choke is the butterfly valve positioned upstream of the
venturi throat. When starting a cold engine, the first step
is to close the choke. This restricts air flow and creates a
vacuum in the entire system downstream of the choke.
IDLE
When the throttle is closed or almost closed, pressure in
the intake system downstream of the throttle is very low.
Therefore, a substantial pressure drop through the idle
valve causes the fuel injection.
30
32
FIGURE 6.9 Electronic multipoint port fuel-injection system with air-flow meter:
34
Bosh L-Jetronic System.
Air flow
Injector
Fuel from
tank
Returned
fuel to tank
37
as a function of
maximum
38
39
choked
Critical pressure
ratio
0.528 patm
= 53.5 kN/m2
1 kN/m2
~ 0.75 cmHg
Yes, its pT !
FIGURE 6.13 The relation between air flow rate, throttle angle,
intake manifold pressure, and engine speed
40