Properties of Stee! ld Stress, Fy = is that unt tense stress at Which the streseatain curve exNbts. 3. wel ‘etined Increase In stain(ato of instantaneous ‘deformation and orginal longi) without an Increase n sires. Modulus of elastic, E = ste slope of the ints ttralgtiine portion ofthe strese-taln agra. {usualy taken es 200,000 MPa for design colelation for al structural tet ‘Shear Modulus, G = 's the ratio ofthe shearing ‘srese to shearing sraln during the int elastic Behavior. Ils usually taken as 77,000 MPa for ‘enign calculations. ‘olazon’s ratio = ie the rato of the transverse ‘rain to longdinel stain. Polsso’s ratio te ‘Sesentily the same for ll structural stoal and has the vai of 0.3 In the elas ange Wildabity = the ability of steel tobe welded ‘ntnout changing ke basie mechanical properties ‘Coefctent of linear expansion, «=i relates the ‘change in tompersture to the chango in a Imateriafs near gimensions. tis the factional Change in length por degree of temperature thange tis wuely taken as 127 x 20° for ‘osign cautions. Tensile strengin, Fu = ls the largest unk stress ‘thatthe material sehiaves na tension test. Foran 136 stoo ti etal taken as 400 MPa. Ducity = the abity ofthe material to undergo lange lnetose deformations without fracture. Toughness = is the ablity of the material to sbeor energy and ls characterized by the ares tinder sveaestraln cure, Mass Density = 7850 kg/eum, Basie formulas used in Structural Stoo! Design (towable Stress Dosen) 1 Simple Stress formats, = P Flexural tres formula, = Me ' yom AKG + Ak HSK t Ake RLVEDAYE ER tat Bae i, Transfer formula for moment of inertia (Paral! axis theorem) Ihe moment of arta with respect {one ane known, the moment of Inertia wih respect to another as Doral othe fist, can be calculated {rom the parallel ans theorem sls owe aa Wanefer aul theorem Wek t Ad, yale tad 1% Radius of Gyration, = fan imaginary ‘datance from tho controll ae ot whicn the entre area can be ssumed to exist without affecting the moment of inert. a ‘Roo Probiom 4: A wide lange section has the {eliowing properties. bt = 150mm w= 9mm 32mm 300mm Q= 38040" mm? Fr=040ry La 7m ‘ection can cary. 2. Determine the shea flow ofthe potion of ‘the fange 20%mm from the edge, Problom 2:A wide flange and a channel have the folowing properties. Tey ae attached a shown, we ‘Shane X=15400mm? A= 6430 met 4=470mm ie a33x0" ment b= 34x40 mm x=20mm tame t=t0mm Fre" 100MPa Foy" 138 MPa Dowrnmeow 16mm Foy= 138 MPO 41 Determine the moment capacty of the section. 2. Determine the safe uniform fad that the ‘beam could cary over a 9m simple span. 3. Determine the rads of gyration of the buitup secon in the axe paral! to the plane ofthe web ofthe wide flange. 4. Determine the spacing of shear rvMocProblom 3: A steel beam is made up of a wide ‘ange section whose total depth is 600mm, width of the flange f 300 mm and has a flange Chlcknoss of 20mm. is web thickness Is 40mm ‘and has a simple span of Sm. 240 KN/m uniform load is toaded throughout Its span and 2 200 i oad acting t mid span. Se SE x + Determine the reid sction modus. Determine the with of top and bottom reinforcing plates 12 mm” thick Mt necessary. ‘3. Detormino the length of tp and bottom reinforlng patos necessary. be Problom 4: The system shown has two diferent soatlons of wide Mangos. The left wie fangs has twice the sifess of the right wide flange. concentrated load P is acting at their connection, ‘The connection between the flanges fs assumed tebe pin connected. 2a e om am 4. Determine the portion ofthe load P the ‘et tange wi cary. Determine the potion of the load P the ‘ight flange wil cay. ‘3. Determine the diplacomont under the load PW P le $70 kN ond the moment of inertia ie 2800208 mim RvMDCSTRUCTURAL STEBL DESIGN, ‘Plastic Design Elst Section ~ Seton used in sllownbe ses deen ~G- Poo Me bet Se= a b= allowable bending ses at any section ‘Se elastic Section Modulus 1x ~cenroidal moment of inertia 1M bending moments any Seton ‘© dstuace ofthe fie in question frm he neural Therefore: Fo= wie. Plastic neu aus ~ divides the secon into two qual pars. . Plastic Shape Factor (PSF) = 2 & Problem 1: A steel Theam is composed of two 2mm x 200rum a bars ply tach. Determine 1. Allowable moment apeity 2. Paste moment apacity 3. Paste Shape Factor ‘Tans Formals Berke +A? Wyrly sad? x = transfered moment inertia at xa i Lu check ig [MORAL Vw * 2 Bn saoeece n-[2_ i be [: aly oO Tara, use the bigger value but not greater than 0.60Fy 70x10 Cb Win? use the bigger value but not greater than 0.60Fy Use Fo= peal where Cb =1.75+1.05 (MyM) +0:3 (Mi/Mzj*notieas than 2.3, Cb= 0 for simply supported beams and cantilever beams (Cb= 1.0 when moment at any point within the unbraced length i greater than at the ends ‘M; ~smaller end moment Ma— tigger end moment |M\/M; is positive when moments are of the same sign or bending in double ‘curvature, negative when moments are opposite in sign or bending in single curvature LL unsupported or unbraced length 7 ~ dius of gyration of comp. flange plus 1/3 of the compression web area about Y-axis, ane [eae Af + 0 6)4w ‘Ar~anea of comp, Flange Ay —atea of wed Ty ~Inertia about y axis,STRUCTURAL STEEL OESICNS ANALYSIS OF SPECIAL FLEXURAL MEMBERS sesteaeecs ernst eee ite nares “Soa SoM) Sa Soueraacnsesnerenn Seuventermenenntirced Sie telat wo typos ot constuction ate_une ‘whole tert cehait noncompoxte seen Howe Fe ste! bean supported oy sors ia sar ‘upp sistem) he ae at emove ut he concrete estes nuert ang Snood ne ‘Sting camponte acon The eectve Honge wich of te ad varie th tne” specteaton The Sommony ured ‘Pesteston, ‘Se aoe Wy te, Nona sma fective wats on each de ofthe Sear cones 4 Oneoith of he beam span, centertocenter of Pore at ‘sncent beam, or age teams the distance a the fg othe st. AiSCASO: ein & based on ashe ans. The ‘Sonate sess nine sce sexton O68" ater = Foronal bucking. heed nc comer fo the Camas suc bit {nut Se oar aga rg coraton Teena ee cee {eter ator maxima moment ane te pnt aro meant ‘ecermined by snag te cmresion ange foes at the pat of maumam moment by te comecte ‘regi tn eae ant the Range compression ‘educed to saretoaa iu 8 dng byt tr of ssi 0220 te Rost shes ony the nate oss Problem 4: & composite Beam has a simple span of {Smt = maco up of wide fang tel sacton end 3 “Bonen tot 0 aol ening sess ot Properties sont we We 23 Kh/m 22rd! mm fwnorain Foose ne the compost section tom the top. 2. Determine the ieee ofthe aang ia ‘ution tote send fd tha the aysten Saad em 3. termine the reguted number of shear omnes. Capac of each sew comnator 15280. tv (igh Suen connection ae ‘hus usa) a Fy 248 Mo SYMMETRICAL / 5 ~ AXIAL BENDING ‘Actual Masimum Bening tess fe foo 1% = ace tenaing mara cuting the beng Bonn tney min a ‘ So tt acon moc abut xa, 5 site secon moss shoaty ns Merly—Myley My he I Triy=iye 7 * Y= perpenaouiar tance of the pln in question sce on tp of tse with pacing at 45m wht Incinaton ot 41 Tho puna te spporting toa) orm oad of 20 /m acting a econo 9nd ‘tpporeaty seeds places ont mdpins Propagate channe Si> 1106120" mm y=380mm 15 20 mm tom the ee ofthe fop Manges Sonate comingsfrblem 3: A wae Flange is used asa simple Dean ‘The tase W of the Dean pat ender te oad and {op othe reauion 89 mum event web cmp pein‘Structural Stee! Design 6 Rivets and Plates Problem 4: A plate with width of 400 mm ‘nd thickness of 12 mm is to be connected to a plate of the same width and thickness by 34mm diameter bolts as shown. The hholes are 2mm larger than the bolt diameter. The plate is A36 stee! with yield strength Fy ~ 248 MPa. Allowable tensile stress is 0.60 Fy. it Is required to determine the value of b so that the net width along bolts 12-34 Is equal to the net width along bolts 42-4, 1L. Determine the value of 2. Whatis the net area for tension? 3. Calculate the value of P so that the allowable tensile stress on net area will not be exceeded. Problem 2: In the connection shown, a load P of 40 kN Is transmitted to the rivets by ‘means of the Plate. B Find the maximum rivet load due to effect of direct load atone. . Find the maximum rivet load due to c’tfect of equivalent moment alone. ‘3. Find the minimum size of rivet that can be used if allowable shear stress is 100 MPa, 4. Find the minimum thickness of plate that can be used if allowable bearing stress is 225 MPa. Problem 3: Two steel plates 226 mm x 10 ‘mm are held together by means of seven rivets 28 mm in diameter. The rivets are arranged in three columns. Three rivets are in the middle column while two rivets are Provided at the ends. The rivets are meant {0 resist any tensile force P that would act axially on the plates. The allowable Shearing stress is pinned at 110 Mpa, allowable tensile stress at 130 MPa and allowable bending stress at 220 MPa, re 1. Determine the axial load P it bearing governs. 2. Determine the arial Load P if shearing governs. 3, Determine the safe axial oad P that the system could carry. Problem 4: A plate is sandwiched by two Blates. The former being 260 mm x 26 mm. while the latter being 250 x 42 mm in dimensions. A 580 KN load is acting axially fon the sandwiched plate which is ‘transmitted to the sandwiching plates by ‘Means of six rivets arranged in three columns with two rivets per column. Fy = 120 MPa and Fbearing = 210 MPa, 4. Determine the tensile stress on the Sanwiched plate considering the gross section, © Determine the rivet diameter It bearing governs. 3. Determine the rivet diameter of the system.‘Structural Steet Design 7 (Special Topics) Problem 1.: A:370mm x 460mm base pate Is. ‘used to transmit a load from a W34x79 steel column toa 520mm x 600mm concrete pedestal. The properties ofthe column are: d= ‘306 mm, by= 254 mm, A= 10100 mm. fe = Properties of L150x 90x32: ‘Area = 2764 mm? = 150 mm y=Simm B= 90mm ts 42mm 21 MPa for concrete and F; = 248 MPa for the Structural steel. According to NSCP, the allowable boaring pressure on the pedestal is (0.357 when the load is applied to the fll area ‘of concrete support. Should the baso plate ‘over less than the full area of the concrete ‘support. the allowable bearing stess is to be determined bythe following expression: tone son nt ent O70 where Ass the bearing area and Asis the entire area of the concrete support. It is suggested that maximum moment forthe base plate be computed at distances approximately 0.80 br ‘and 0.95¢ apart and the larger value is used to Setermine the plate thickness required. The allowable bending forthe base plate ls taken as 075%. 41. Find the alowable bearing pressure on ‘the concrete, 2. Whats the maximum axial load for the column? 3. What isthe required thickness of the base plate? Problem 2: The angular section shown below is welded to 242 mm gusset plate, Goth ‘materiats ae A36 steel with Fy = 248 MPa. The lowable tensile stress is 0.6 F, The weld is 80 Electrode with F.~'550 MPa."The allowable ‘shearing stress for the weld is 0.3 F. “all 4. Whatie the value of P2 2. Find the valve of 3. Determine the value of b. 4. ttanother wedi to be placed at the ond ‘of the connection, what is the now capacity? Problem 3: Two plates are caring the samo toad P acting perpendicular to. their cross: ‘sectional areas. Plate A has a width of 75 mm ‘and a thickness of 25 mm. Plate B has a width that varies uniformly from 50 mm to 400 mm ‘and asthe same thiceess as plete A. Prate A | ye 4. Determine the ratio between the length of plate A and tho length of plate B such that they will experince equal deformation, a 308 + 2.208 tos 8225 2. Ifthe loa? is equal to 200 KN and the plates deform by 0.16 mm, determine {he length of plate Ain mm. a 300 © 400 600 4.500 3. Ifthe load PIs equal to 200 KN and the plates deform by 0.46 mm, determine {he length of plate Bin mm. a. 13333, (e288.46 b 49737 4.24540 Problem 4 : From the concept of shear conte, channel section with the following properties t= ren: Flange width = 80.5 mm Depth of section = 306.8 mm ‘Thickness =42.7 mm Moment of Inertia, l= 67.874 x 106 mm 1. Find the maximum shear stress in ay along the flange of the chanaet section, where Vis the shear frcain kN ‘acting on the section. a 205V «243 & 22iv 4 265V 2. What is the value of the shear force cared bythe flange in terms of V? = 0089 e455 B oaziv 6. a7ev 3. Which of the ‘following ves the stance of the shear center from the vertical line passing thru the center of the web ofthe channel? a a3mm 26mm b. 8mm 6 30mm