WORKS CITED

PRIMARY SOURCES
"1950's TV Shows." 1950's TV Shows. Caulley Corner, n.d. Web. 14 Feb. 2015.
This picture shows Miss Frances holding a birthday cake next to a child in celebration.
Beck, Moan. "Ding Dong School Is TV Delight of the Pre-Kindergarten Set." Editorial. The
Chicago Tribune 1 Jan. 1953, Cook County Regional ed.. sec. 4: 41. Chicago Tribune
Archive. The Chicago Tribune. Web. 10 Nov. 2014.
This newspaper article written when the show aired examines how Ding Dong School
brought nursery school fun and within the reach of millions of families lacking funds or
facilities for private pre-school education for their children. it demonstrates that she
actually taught children through real life situations like riding a bus, thus proving that the
show that engrossed over 2.4 million views taught kids to be independent.
Child Labor in America. Digital image. Twenty Two Words. Wordpress, 24 Nov. 2010. Web. 3
Jan. 2015.
This image illustrates the harsh condition child laborers had to work in. They did the
dangerous work with not even shoes and we made to do the work that required small
hands like getting into crevices of a machine to fix it; It also shows how instead of being
in school and expanding their knowledge children were out working in factories doing an
adults job.
Consumerism & Advertising in the 1950s. Digital image. Academics Skidmore College EN 223:
Women and Lit 1940-1970. N.p., 21 Apr. 2013. Web. 30 Dec. 2014.
This image illustrates the 1950s which are often defined by prosperity, domestic bliss. It
also illustrates how parents watched TV with their children so much as seen with the

mother and the father soldier is watching. The television became a necessity, and with
this necessity arose the need of producing quality television and no longer Bozo the
clown like shows as TV influenced the nation.
Davis, Michael. "Chapter 3." Street Gang: The Complete History of Sesame Street. New York:
Viking, 2008. N. Print.
Ding Dong Schools history
"Ding Dong School: 1955 Ad - Sitcoms Online Photo Galleries." Ding Dong School: 1955 Ad Sitcoms Online Photo Galleries. N.p., 08 May 2010. Web. 06 Feb. 2015.
The image shows a baby product advertisement made by Ding Dong School.
Ding Dong. Digital image. The Motion Pictures. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Dec. 2014.
This image is of the real beginning of each show that was sponsored this time by
General Mills Kix.
"Ding Dong School Miss Frances." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2014.
Miss Frances is interacting with children. This short part of the episode shows how the
children show to are very similar to the Ding Dong School
"Ding Dong School." TubeChop. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Dec. 2014.
This short clip show how Miss Frances interacts with children and parents.
"Ding Dong School." Television Academy. Academy Of Television Arts and Sciences. Web. 8
Dec. 2014.
This article provides information regarding the numerous Primetime Emmys the Ding
Dong School was nominated for.
"Dora The Explorer FULL EPISODES -- ALL IN ONE-- PART 1 [ English Subtitles]."
YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 18 NOV. 2014.

Dora the explorer is one of the modern day childrens shows that show how Dora interact
with the children
Eisenstaedt, Alfred. Times Square Iconic Post WWII Kiss. Digital image. Daily Mail. Associated
Newspaper Ltd., 11 Aug. 2012. Web. 3 Jan. 2015.
This iconic primary image illustrates the happiness of the success the United States
achieved in World War 2. This outcome directly led to the impact of the Baby Boom, a
factor that influenced the creation of Ding Dong School, as young men from war wanted
to resume life and start their families.

Grimes, William. "George Heinemann, 78, the Creator of TV's 'Ding Dong School'" The New
York Times. The New York Times, 30 Aug. 1996. Web. 2 Oct. 2014.
This newspaper article provided the information that George Heinemann was the creator
who actually made the Ding Dong School. Though many people aided in the creation of
the show Heinemann was the main creator who made the show become a reality.
History.com Staff. "Baby Boomers." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2010. Web. 10
Oct. 2014.
This article provides information regarding the after effects of World War 2. It mainly
highlights the Baby Boom and the result of consumerism. This article provided the
precursor information of the 1950s time period that impacted the creation of the Ding
Dong School.
Janota, Laura. "Roosevelt Professor Was Pioneer of Children's TV."Roosevelt Professor Was
Pioneer of Children's TV. Roosevelt University, 07 Nov. 2013. Web. 15 Nov. 2014.

This article by Roosevelt University, which Horwich attended, contains an image that
shows Miss Frances ringing the school bell she rang in the show. The article also
provides information regarding how along with pursuing her dream through the show
Horwich truly was dedicated to the effort of enforcing childhood education as she even
lobbied for an Illinois law that permitted children to start school at four.
Jones, Jeffery. "Message from the Director." The Peabody Awards. Peabody Awards, a.n.d. Web.
21 Feb. 2015
This article from the current director of the Peabody Awards explains that to receive this
award given to electronic media requires a difficult requirement which is telling a story
that matters and makes a difference. The programming has to teach something and make
us expand our horizons. This prestigious award was given to the Ding Dong School
demonstrating the show did make an impact.
Kern, Janet. "Abundance of New Shows Puts TV Viewer Behind." Google News Archive. The
Milwaukee Sentinel, n.d. Web. 20 Dec. 2014.
The newspaper article depicts the immense popularity Ding Dong School had that even
after it had been cancelled when brought back it surpassed ratings to the new Arlene
Francis Show. It demonstrates that NBC was wrong to cancel the show since it has great
popularity among its millions of viewers, thus proving that the show provides quality
programming.
"Mister Rogers' Neighborhood Be Yourself Full Episode." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 18 Nov.
2014.
Mr.Rogers Neighborhood is one of the show that are very similar to The Ding Dong
School.

"National Debut of "Ding Dong School"" Jewish Women's Archive. Jewish Women's Archive, 22
Dec. 1952. Web. 2 Nov. 2014.
This article gives a detailed timeline of development the Ding Dong School to the end of
its term. It also emphasizes Horwichs truly lived by philosophy that ones has to engage
children to participate actively in order for them to be able to express themselves in all
aspects.
Post War Baby Boom. Digital image. Virtual Stamp Club. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2014.
This photo is of a stamp nationally sold after World War 2 to commemorate the Baby
Boom that occurred. This stamp shows illustrates the growth of the adolescent population
which contributes to the demand for goods to increase.
Richards, Sarah E. "Frances R. Horwich, 94 `Miss Frances' of `Ding Dong School'" Chicago
Tribune Articles. The Chicago Tribune, 25 July 2001. Web. 19 Oct. 2014.
This newspaper article exhibits how the Ding Dong School was an original leader. Instead
of being like other cartoons that required passive attention Miss Frances engaged children
and listened to what they had to say. This article show how the show upheld Horwichs
theory that adults should address children slowly and clearly to stimulate speech. It also
depicts that the show was successful since it had dedicated anchor that truly believed in
the necessity of quality educational programming for the young.
Stemberg, Joel. "Chicago School of Television." Museum of Broadcast Communications.
Museum of Broadcast Communications, n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2014.
This article gave information on the Chicago School of Television as known as the
Chicago Touch" which demonstrates that programs that came from Chicago were

distinct in their style. This information helps demonstrate that the Ding Dong School is
one of a kind and a leader in its type of programming.
"The Awards." Television Academy. Academy of Television Arts & Sciences, n.d. Web. 21 Feb.
2015.
This web page explains that the Primetime Emmy Awards recognize excellence in
national primetime programming. The Ding Dong School having received four
nominations for this award in itself shows that the show so divergent that it has been
distinguished with the potential of winning the prestigious Emmy award and that in itself
is a tremendous honor.
Wakin, Daniel J. "Frances R. Horwich, 93, Host Of 'Ding Dong School' in 50's."The New York
Times. The New York Times, 25 July 2001. Web. 23 Nov. 2014.
This newspaper article higlights the how simplicity of the Ding Dong School made it
become a sucess. The intent of the show was to educate the kids plainly and
straightforwardly and make them feel belonged like as if at school, and that is exactly
was it did, and is what made it so well received.
Wolters, Larry. "Ding Dong School in 4th Year." Editorial. Chicago Daily Tribune 3 Aug. 1956:
10. Chicago Tribune Archive. The Chicago Tribune. Web. 20 Nov. 2014.
This newspaper article that was written when the Ding Dong School was still airing
portrays the immense success the show achieved in the little time of four years. The show
has done well in ratings, in fan numbers, awards, critical acclaim, charity, and upholding
its purpose of airing quality programming for children.
Women Working at Cairns Pineapple Canning Factory. Digital image. Flickr. Yahoo, 14 May
2010. Web. 10 Jan. 2015.

This primary photo depicts women workers in Cairns Canning Factory during the 1950s.
The picture allows people to see that middle class mothers were working in crowded
factories like their children most of the day, thus showing they couldnt educate their kids
themselves.
SECONDARY SOURCES
"An Estate Nightmare Example To Learn From."Digital Image. An Estate Nightmare Example
To Learn From. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec 2014.
Image of awards
"Awards." IMDb. IMDb.com, n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2014.
This has the the award the Ding Dong School had won and have been nominated for
"Baby Boomers." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2014.
The site talks about the Baby Booms and why there is so many of them. This is relevant
to the topic because so many children during the Baby Boom watched The Ding Dong
School
"Barney Fotos." Barney Bilder,Barney Bild Und Foto. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Dec. 2014.
Picture of Barney
"Bonnie's On It: Ding Dong School Alum." Digital Image. Bonnie's On It: Ding Dong School
Alum. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2014.
Image of Miss Frances ringing a bell
Belpedio, James R. "Ding Dong School." The Encyclopedia of Chicago. 2004. The Electronic
Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society, 2005. Print. 20 Oct. 2014
This electronic encyclopedia gives information regarding basic overview of the history
and achievements of the Ding Dong School. It also gives information that Judith Waller

convinces Horwich to be the anchor for the show as she was already a professor of the
education for Chicagos Roosevelt College.
"By the Numbers: End of World War II - CNN.com." CNN. Cable News Network, n.d. Web. 2
Feb. 2015.
Talks about when World War II ended. This would be the cause of the Baby Boom.
"Caillou." IMDb. IMDb.com, n.d. Web. 22 Dec. 2014.
This source talks about what happen in general of Caillou. This show is relevant because
how Caillou is in some ways similar to Ding Dong School
"Caillou: Train Conductor." Digital Image. Caillou: Train Conductor. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb.
2015.
Image of Dora the Explorer
"Caillou, Vol. 6." Digital Image. ITunes. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2015.
Image of Caillou

"Captain Kangaroo." IMDb. IMDb.com, n.d. Web. 22 Dec. 2014.

This source talks about what happen in general of Captain Kangaroo. This show is
relevant because how Captain Kangaroo is in some ways similar to Ding Dong School
"The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show.".TV.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Dec. 2014.
This source talks about what happen in general of The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show.
This show is relevant because how The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show is in some
ways similar to Ding Dong School
"Curious George Activity Pages." Digital Image.Curious George Activity Pages. N.p., n.d. Web.
22 Dec. 2014.

This is a picture of Curious George

"CTVA US Music Variety - "The Kate Smith Hour" (NBC 1950-54)." CTVA US Music Variety
"The Kate Smith Hour" (NBC 1950-54). N.p., n.d.. Web. 26 Oct. 2014
Image of NBC in the 1950
"A Day with Captain Kangaroo - Bob Keeshan [Captain Kangaroo] | Songs, Reviews, Credits,
Awards | AllMusic."Digital Image. AllMusic. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Dec. 2014.
Image of Captain Kangaroo
"GLOBED | Sesame Street Ebooks."Digital Image. GLOBED RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct.
2014.
Image of Sesame Street Characters
"History of Television - Mitchell Stephens." History of Television - Mitchell Stephens. N.p., n.d.
Web. 13 Feb. 2015.
Talks about when the first television system was invented and by whom.

"The History Place - World War II in Europe Timeline." The History Place - World War II in
Europe Timeline. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2014.
A timeline of the World War II it show what happened before and after WWII. This is
relevant because it shows when events happen after WWII
"Identity Crisis." Identity Crisis. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Nov. 2014.
IMDb.Digital Image. IMDb.com, n.d. Web. 21 Dec. 2014.
Image with a picture of Charlie Brown and Snoopy
"It's the 60th Birthday of Color TV - HomeTechTell." Digtal Image HomeTechTell. N.p., 25 Mar.
2014. Web. 22 Jan. 2015.

Image of one of the first colored tv.

"Kindergarten." Kindergarten. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Nov 2014.
How kindergarten was like in the 1950s. This is relevant because children in the 1950s
did not get education unless they were privileged children
"The Magic School Bus." Digital Image. Behind The Voice Actors. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2014.
Picture of The magic School Bus
"Magic School Bus Board - Leeku 1800." Digital Image. Magic School Bus Board - Leeku 1800.
N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2015
Cartoon Picture of the magic school bus
"More "Ding Dong School" Awards." Digital Image. More "Ding Dong School" Awards. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 30 Jan. 2015.
Pictures of award the Ding Dong School received
"Plot Summary." IMDb. IMDb.com, n.d. Web. 27 Dec. 2014.
This source talks about what happen in general of The Flintstones. This show is relevant
because how The Flintstones is in some ways similar to Ding Dong School
"Program Summary." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 22 Dec. 2014.
This source talks about what happen in general of Curious George. This show is relevant
because how Curious George is in some ways similar to Ding Dong School
"Roots Vinyl Guide."Digital Image. Roots Vinyl Guide. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Feb. 2015.
Picture of the merchandise the Ding Dong School sold
Samuels, Rich. "Ding Dong School." Ding Dong School. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Jan. 2015.

This article though a secondary source provides an abundance amount of information

regarding the Ding Dong School. It explains how the show began, what it encompassed,
and the facts relating to the movement and cancellation of the show.
"School House Rocks! - CaryCitizen." Digital Image.CaryCitizen. N.p., 28 Sept. 2011. Web. 27
Oct. 2014.
Image of the Schoolhouse Rock
"SCHOOLHOUSE ROCK LIVE! SYNOPSIS." SCHOOLHOUSE ROCK LIVE! SYNOPSIS.
N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Dec. 2014.
This source talks about what happen in general of SchoolHouse Rock. This show is
relevant because how SchoolHouse Rock is in some ways similar to Ding Dong School
Sesame Street. Digital image. The Cookie Theif. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Dec. 2014.
Image of the Sesame Street logo.
"Seth MacFarlane Rebooting THE FLINTSTONES." Digital Image Collider. N.p., 16 May 2011.
Web. 4 Jan. 2015.
Image of The Flintstones.
Staff, Star-Ledger. Digital Image "Glimpse of History: Kindergarten at the Peck School, circa
1950." N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2015.
Image of privileged children in school
"Television Comes to America, 1947-57." Digital Image. Television Comes to America, 1947-57.
N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2015..
When television became so popular
"Television Obscurities." Television Obscurities. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2015.
The first color TV.

The Ding Dong School Books. Digital image. Ebay. EBay Inc., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2015.
This auction website displays the many books that the Ding Dong School sold. This
educational item taught kids activities and lessons on their own time and pace. The
selling of this merchandise depicts the immense popularity the show had as it engaged
kids and helped them express themselves in many ways that they also wanted to buy
products as the show couldnt suffice the pleasure they found in it.
"The Ding Dong School Peabody Award." Digital Image. The Ding Dong School Peabody
Award. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2015.
Picture of the Peabody Award Ding Dong School received
" THE FINAL Digital Image. NURSERY SCHOOL OF THE AIR. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb.
2015.
Miss Frances ringing a bell.
"The Pennsylvania Center for the Book - Mister Rogers' Neighborhood." The Pennsylvania
Center for the Book - Mister Rogers' Neighborhood. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2014.
Image of Mr Roger Neighborhood
The Success of Consumerism. Digital image. Chronozoom. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Dec. 2014.
This political cartoon illustrates the increased consumption of goods middle class people
participated in. They took more than they needed and could actually afford in response to
the happiness winning the war.
"Tumblr." Digital Image. Ding Dong School. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2015.
Image of Miss Frances.
""TV Is 75- Years-Old Today JOEL SELVIN / SF Chronicle 7Sep. 02." Digital Image. TV Is 75Years-Old Today JOEL SELVIN / SF Chronicle 7Sep. 02. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2015.

Image of the First Tv.