TASK 1

Find :
IP Address > 172.25.114.250
Network Mask > 255.255.0.0 (/16)
Answer :
IP Address
Network Mask
Total Number of Host Bit
Number of Host

127.25.114.2
50
255.255.0.0

10101100

00011001

10010000

01111101

11111111

11111111
16
65534

00000000

00000000

Work Sheet :
1. IP Address

172/2 = 86 = 0
86/2 = 43 = 0
43/2 = 21 = 1
21/2 = 10 =1
10/2 = 5 = 0
5/2 = 2 = 1
2/2 = 1 = 0
1/2 = 0 = 1
10101100

25/2 = 12 = 1
12/2 = 6 = 0
6/2 = 3 = 0
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00011001

144/2 = 72 = 0
72/2 = 36 = 0
36/2 = 18 = 0
18/2 = 9 = 0
9/2 = 4 = 1
4/2 = 2 = 0
2/2 = 1 = 0
1/2 = 0 = 1
10010000

250/2 = 125 = 0
125/2 = 62 = 1
62/2 = 31 = 0
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 = 1
7/2 = 3 = 1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111010

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000000

0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000000

2. Network Mask
255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

3. Number of Host
Number of Host

TASK 2

=
=
=
=

32 16
16
2^16 2
65534

PROBLEM 1
Host IP Address

> 172.30.1.33

Network Mask

> 255.255.0.0(/16)

Answer :

IP Address
Network Mask
Network Address
Network Broadcast
Address
Total Number of Host
Bit
Number of Host

172.30.1.3
3
255.255.0.0
172.30.0.0
172.30.255.
255

10101100

00011110

00000001

00100001

11111111
10101100

11111111
00011110

00000000
00000000

00000000
00000000

10101100

00011110

11111111

11111111

16
65536 or 65534

Work Sheet :

STEP1
1. Changing the IP address and network mask into binary numbers .
172/2 = 86 = 0
86/2 = 43 = 0
43/2 = 21 = 1
21/2 = 10 = 1
10/2 = 5 = 0
5/2 = 2 = 1
2/2 = 1 = 0
1/2 = 0 = 1
10101100

30/2 = 15 = 0
15/2 = 7 = 1
7/2 = 3 = 1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00011110

1/2 = 0 = 1
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000001

33/2 = 16 = 1
16/2 = 8 = 0
8/2 = 4 = 0
4/2 = 2 = 0
2/2 = 1 = 0
1/2 = 0 = 1
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00100001

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000000

0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000000

STEP2

2.Looking for Network Address , by adding binary digits of the IP Address and

Network Mask using the AND operator . Note; 1 AND 1 = 1, whereas if there is a 0
on the right AND the result is 0 .
IP Address
> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001
Network Mask > 255.255.0.0 = 11111111. 11111111. 00000000. 00000000
Network Address
> 172.30.0.0
= 10101100. 00011110. 00000000.
00000000

STEP3
3. Finding the Broadcast Address by replacing the whole numbers from 0 to number
the host becomes number 1 .
IP Address
> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001
Network Mask > 255.255.0.0 = 11111111. 11111111. 00000000. 00000000
Network Address
> 172.30.0.0
= 10101100. 00011110. 00000000.
00000000
Broadcast Address
> 172.30.255.255
= 10101100. 00011110.
11111111. 11111111

STEP4
4. By counting the number of host bits then we can find the Total Number of Host
Bits . Host Bits = 16, then 2^16 = 65536, 65536-2 = 65534

PROBLEM 2
Host IP Address

> 172.30.1.33

Network Mask

> 255.255.255.0(/24)

Answer :

IP Address
Network Mask
Network Address
Network Broadcast
Address
Total Number of Host
Bit
Number of Host

172.30.1.3
3
255.255.25
5.0
172.30.1.0
172.30.1.25
5

10101100

00011110

00000001

00100001

11111111

11111111

11111111

00000000

10101100

00011110

00000001

00000000

10101100

00011110

00000001

11111111

8
256 or 254

Work Sheet :

STEP 1
1. Changing the IP address and network mask into binary numbers .
172/2 = 86 = 0
86/2 = 43 = 0
43/2 = 21 = 1
21/2 = 10 = 1
10/2 = 5 = 0
5/2 = 2 = 1
2/2 = 1 = 0
1/2 = 0 = 1
10101100

30/2 = 15 = 0
15/2 = 7 = 1
7/2 = 3 = 1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00011110

1/2 = 0 = 1
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000001

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1

33/2 = 16 = 1
16/2 = 8 = 0
8/2 = 4 = 0
4/2 = 2 = 0
2/2 = 1 = 0
1/2 = 0 = 1
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00100001
0/2
0/2
0/2
0/2
0/2
0/2
0/2
0/2

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

11111111

11111111

11111111

00000000

STEP 2
2.Looking for Network Address , by adding binary digits of the IP Address and

Network Mask using the AND operator . Note; 1 AND 1 = 1, whereas if there is a 0
on the right AND the result is 0.
IP Address
> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001
Network Mask > 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
00000000
Network Address
> 172.30.1.0
= 10101100. 00011110. 00000001.
00000000

STEP 3
3. Finding the Broadcast Address by replacing the whole numbers from 0 to number
the host becomes number 1 .

IP Address
> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001
Network Mask > 255.255.0.0 = 11111111. 11111111. 00000000. 00000000
Network Address
> 172.30.1.0
= 10101100. 00011110. 11111111.
00000000
Broadcast Address
> 172.30.1.255 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001.
11111111

STEP 4
4. By counting the number of host bits then we can find the Total Number of Host
Bits . Host Bits = 8 , then 2^8 =256 , 256-2 = 254

PROBLEM 3
Host IP Address

> 192.168.10.234

Network Mask

> 255.255.255.0(/24)

Answer :

IP Address
Network Mask
Network Address
Network Broadcast
Address
Total Number of Host
Bit
Number of Host

192.168.10.
234
255.255.25
5.0
192.168.10.
0
192.168.10.
255

11000000

10101000

00001010

11101010

11111111

11111111

11111111

00000000

11000000

10101000

00001010

00000000

11000000

10101000

00001010

11111111

8
256 or 254

Work Sheet :

STEP 1
1. Changing the IP address and network mask into binary numbers .
192/2 = 96 = 0
96/2 = 48 = 0
48/2 = 24 = 0
24/2 = 12 = 0
12/2 = 6 = 0
6/2 = 3 = 0
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11000000

168/2 = 84 = 0
84/2 = 42 = 0
42/2 = 21 = 0
21/2 = 10 = 1
10/2 = 5 = 0
5/2 = 2 = 1
2/2 = 1 = 0
1/2 = 0 = 1
10101000

10/2 = 5 = 0
5/2 = 2 = 1
2/2 = 1 = 0
1/2 = 0 = 1
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00001010

234/2 = 117 = 0
117/2 = 58 = 1
58/2 = 29 = 0
29/2 = 14 = 1
14/2 = 7 = 0
7/2 = 3 = 1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11101010

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000000

STEP 2
2.Looking for Network Address , by adding binary digits of the IP Address and

Network Mask using the AND operator . Note; 1 AND 1 = 1, whereas if there is a 0
on the right AND the result is 0.
IP Address
> 192.168.10.234
= 11000000. 10101000. 00001010.
11101010
Network Mask > 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
00000000
Network Address
> 192.168.10.0 = 11000000. 10101000. 00001010.
00000000

STEP 3
3. Finding the Broadcast Address by replacing the whole numbers from 0 to number
the host becomes number 1 .
IP Address
> 192.168.10.234
= 11000000. 10101000. 00001010.
11101010
Network Mask > 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
00000000
Network Address
> 192.168.10.0 = 11000000. 10101000. 00001010.
00000000
Broadcast Address
> 192.168.10.255
= 11000000. 10101000.
00001010. 11111111

STEP 4
4. By counting the number of host bits then we can find the Total Number of Host
Bits . Host Bits = 8 , then 2^8 =256 , 256-2 = 254

PROBLEM 4
Host IP Address

> 172.17.99.71

Network Mask

> 255.255.0.0(/16)

Answer

IP Address
Network Mask
Network Address
Network Broadcast
Address
Total Number of Host
Bit
Number of Host

172.17.99.7
1
255.255.0.0
172.17.0.0
172.17.255.
255

10101100

00010001

01100011

01000111

11111111
10101100

11111111
00010001

00000000
00000000

00000000
00000000

10101100

00010001

11111111

11111111

16
65536 or 65534

Work Sheet :

STEP 1
1. Changing the IP address and network mask into binary numbers .
172/2 = 86 = 0
86/2 = 43 = 0
43/2 = 21 = 1
21/2 = 10 = 1

17/2 = 8 = 1
8/2 = 4 = 0
4/2 = 2 = 0
2/2 = 1 = 0

99/2 = 49 = 1
49/2 = 24 = 1
24/2 = 12 = 0
12/2 = 6 = 0

71/2 = 35 = 1
35/2 = 17 = 1
17/2 = 8 = 1
8/2 = 4 = 0

10/2 = 5 = 0
5/2 = 2 = 1
2/2 = 1 = 0
1/2 = 0 = 1
10101100

1/2 = 0 = 1
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00010001

6/2 = 3 = 0
3/2 = 1 = 0
1/2 = 0 = 1
0/2 = 0 = 0
01100011

4/2 = 2 = 0
2/2 = 1 = 0
1/2 = 0 = 1
0/2 = 0 = 0
01000111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000000

0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000000

STEP 2
2.Looking for Network Address , by adding binary digits of the IP Address and

Network Mask using the AND operator . Note; 1 AND 1 = 1, whereas if there is a 0
on the right AND the result is 0.
IP Address
> 172.17.99.71 = 10101100. 00010001. 01100011. 01000111
Network Mask > 255.255.0.0 = 11111111. 11111111. 00000000. 00000000
Network Address
> 172.17.0.0
= 10101100. 00010001. 00000000.
00000000

STEP 3
3. Finding the Broadcast Address by replacing the whole numbers from 0 to number
the host becomes number 1 .
IP Address
> 172.17.99.71 = 10101100. 00010001. 01100011. 01000111
Network Mask > 255.255.0.0 = 11111111. 11111111. 00000000. 00000000
Network Address
> 172.17.0.0
= 10101100. 00010001. 00000000.
00000000
Broadcast Address
> 172.17.255.255
= 10101100. 00010001.
11111111. 11111111

STEP 4
4. By counting the number of host bits then we can find the Total Number of Host
Bits . Host Bits = 16 , then 2^16 = 65536 , 65536-2 = 65534

PROBLEM 5
Host IP Address

> 192.168.3.219

Network Mask

> 255.255.0.0(/16)

Answer :

IP Address
Network Mask
Network Address
Network Broadcast
Address
Total Number of Host
Bit
Number of Host

192.168.3.21
9
255.255.0.0
192.168.0.0
192.168.255.
255

11000000

10101000

00000011

11011011

11111111
11000000

11111111
10101000

00000000
00000000

00000000
00000000

11000000

10101000

11111111

11111111

16
65536 or 65534

Work Sheet :

STEP 1
1. Changing the IP address and network mask into binary numbers .
192/2 = 96 = 0
96/2 = 48 = 0

168/2 = 84 = 0
84/2 = 42 = 0

3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1

219/2 = 109 = 1
109/2 = 54 = 1

48/2 = 24 = 0
24/2 = 12 = 0
12/2 = 6 = 0
6/2 = 3 = 0
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11000000

42/2 = 21 = 0
21/2 = 10 = 1
10/2 = 5 = 0
5/2 = 2 = 1
2/2 = 1 = 0
1/2 = 0 = 1
10101000

0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000011

54/2 = 27 = 0
27/2 = 13 = 1
13/2 = 6 = 1
6/2 = 3 = 0
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 =1
11011011

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000000

0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000000

STEP 2
2.Looking for Network Address , by adding binary digits of the IP Address and

Network Mask using the AND operator . Note; 1 AND 1 = 1, whereas if there is a 0
on the right AND the result is 0.
IP Address
> 192.168.3.219
= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.
11011011
Network Mask > 255.255.0.0 = 11111111. 11111111. 00000000. 00000000
Network Address
> 192.168.0.0 = 11000000. 10101000. 00000000.
00000000

STEP 3
3. Finding the Broadcast Address by replacing the whole numbers from 0 to number
the host becomes number 1.
IP Address
> 192.168.3.219
= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.
11011011
Network Mask > 255.255.0.0 = 11111111. 11111111. 00000000. 00000000
Network Address
> 192.168.0.0 = 11000000. 10101000. 00000000.
00000000
Broadcast Address
> 192.168.255.255
= 11000000. 10101000.
11111111. 11111111

STEP 4

4. By counting the number of host bits then we can find the Total Number of Host
Bits . Host Bits = 16 , then 2^16 = 65536 , 65536-2 = 65534

PROBLEM 6
Host IP Address

> 192.168.3.219

Network Mask

> 255.255.255.224(/27)

Answer :

IP Address
Network Mask
Network Address
Network Broadcast
Address
Total Number of Host
Bit
Number of Host

192.168.3.21
9
255.255.255.
224
192.168.3.19
2
192.168.255.
255

11000000

10101000

00000011

11011011

11111111

11111111

11111111

11100000

11000000

10101000

00001010

11000000

11000000

10101000

00001010

11011111

5
32 or 30

Work Sheet :

STEP 1
1. Changing the IP address and network mask into binary numbers .

192/2 = 96 = 0
96/2 = 48 = 0
48/2 = 24 = 0
24/2 = 12 = 0
12/2 = 6 = 0
6/2 = 3 = 0
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11000000

168/2 = 84 = 0
84/2 = 42 = 0
42/2 = 21 = 0
21/2 = 10 = 1
10/2 = 5 = 0
5/2 = 2 = 1
2/2 = 1 = 0
1/2 = 0 = 1
10101000

3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000011

219/2 = 109 = 1
109/2 = 54 = 1
54/2 = 27 = 0
27/2 = 13 = 1
13/2 = 6 = 1
6/2 = 3 = 0
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 =1
11011011

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

224/2 = 112 = 0
112/2 = 56 = 0
56/2 = 28 = 0
28/2 = 14 = 0
14/2 = 7 = 0
7/2 = 3 = 1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11100000

STEP 2
2.Looking for Network Address , by adding binary digits of the IP Address and

Network Mask using the AND operator . Note; 1 AND 1 = 1, whereas if there is a 0
on the right AND the result is 0.
IP Address
> 192.168.3.219
= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.
11011011
Network Mask > 255.255.255.244
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
11100000
Network Address
> 192.168.3.192
= 11000000. 10101000.
00001010. 11000000

STEP 3
3. Finding the Broadcast Address by replacing the whole numbers from 0 to number
the host becomes number 1.
IP Address
11011011

> 192.168.3.219

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.

Network Mask > 255.255.255.224

= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
11100000
Network Address
> 192.168.0.0 = 11000000. 10101000. 00001010.
11000000
Broadcast Address
> 192.168.255.255
= 11000000. 10101000.
00001010. 11011111

STEP 4
4. By counting the number of host bits then we can find the Total Number of Host
Bits . Host Bits = 5 , then 2^5 = 32 , 32-2 = 30

TASK 3
PROBLEM 1
Host IP Address

> 173.30.1.33

Subnet Mask > 255.255.255.0

Answer :

IP Address
Subnet Mask
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Subnets

173.30.1.33

10101100

00011110

225.255.25
5.0

11111111

11111111

0000000
1
1111111
1

8 bits
2^8 = 256 subnet

00100001
00000000

Number of Host Bits per subnet

Number of Usable Hosts per
Subnet
Subnet Address for This IP
Address
IP Address of First Host on this
Subnet
IP Address of Last Host on This
Subnet
Broadcast Address for This
Subnet

256
2^8 2 = 254 host Per Subnet
172.30.1.0
172.30.1.1
172.30.1.254
172.30.1.255

Work Sheet :

STEP 1
1. Changing the IP Address and Subnet Mask into binary numbers.
173/2 = 86 = 0
86/2 = 43 = 0
43/2 = 21 = 1
21/2 = 10 = 1
10/2 = 5 = 0
5/2 = 2 = 1
2/2 = 1 = 0
=0=1
10101100

00011110

00000001

00100001

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000000

STEP 2
2. Finding the Subnet Address for this IP address by adding the binary number of IP
addresses with the subnet mask using the AND operator, Note: 1 AND 1 = 1,
whereas if 0 aggregated using the AND operator, the result is 0
IP Address
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add

> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001

> 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
> 172.30.1.0

= 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00000000

STEP 3
3. Determine the address bits that contain information that contains information
networks and hosts.
IP Address
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add

> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001

> 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
> 172.30.1.0

= 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00000000

STEP 4
4. Determine the subnet range and host range.
IP Address
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add

> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001

> 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
> 172.30.1.0

= 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00000000

STEP 5
5. Determine First Host, Last Host and Broadcast
* Determine First Host by replacing the number 0 on the host range of add-most
end subnet become number 1
IP Address
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add
First Host
00000001

> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001

> 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
> 172.30.1.0
= 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00000000
> 175.30.1.1
= 10101100. 00011110. 00000001.

* Determine the Last Host by replacing the numbers 0 to 1 on the host range of
the subnet add except the very last bit remains 0.
IP Address
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add
Last Host
11111110

> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001

> 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
> 172.30.1.0
= 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00000000
> 175.30.1.1
= 10101100. 00011110. 00000001.

* Determine Broadcast by replacing all of the numbers 0 to host subnet range of

add become number 1.
IP Address
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add
Broadcast
11111111

> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001

> 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
> 172.30.1.0
= 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00000000
> 175.30.1.255 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001.

STEP 6
6. Determine the Number of Subnets by counting bits in the subnet counting range
is 8. Use the formula 2 to the power n, where n is the number of bits in the subnet
counting range.
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Subets

> 8 bits
> 2^8 = 256 Subnets

STEP 7
7. Determine Number Usable Hosts per Subnet by counting bits in the host range is
8. Use the formula 2 to the power of n minus 2.
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Usable Host per Subnet
per subnet

PROBLEM 2

> 8 bits
> 2^8 2 = 256 2 = 254 host

Host IP Address

> 173.30.1.33

Subnet Mask > 255.255.255.252

Answer :

IP Address
Subnet Mask

173.30.1.33

10101100

00011110

225.255.25
5.0

11111111

11111111

Number of Subnet Bits

Number of Subnets
Number of Host Bits per subnet
Number of Usable Hosts per
Subnet
Subnet Address for This IP
Address
IP Address of First Host on this
Subnet
IP Address of Last Host on This
Subnet
Broadcast Address for This
Subnet

0000000
1
1111111
1

14 bits
2^14 = 16384 subnet
4
2
172.30.1.32
172.30.1.33
172.30.1.34
172.30.1.35

Work Sheet :

STEP 1
1. Changing the IP Address and Subnet Mask into binary numbers.

10101100

00011110

00000001

00100001

00100001

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000000

STEP 2
2. Finding the Subnet Address for this IP address by adding the binary number of IP
addresses with the subnet mask using the AND operator, Note: 1 AND 1 = 1,
whereas if 0 aggregated using the AND operator, the result is 0
IP Address
Subnet mask
11111100
Subnet Add

> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001

> 255.255.255.252
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
> 172.30.1.32

= 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100000

STEP 3
3. Determine the address bits that contain information that contains information
networks and hosts.
IP Address
Subnet mask
11111110
Subnet Add

> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001

> 255.255.255.252
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
> 172.30.1.32

= 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100000

STEP 4
4. Determine the subnet range and host range.
IP Address
Subnet mask
11111100
Subnet Add

> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001

> 255.255.255.252
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
> 172.30.1.32

= 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100000

STEP 5
5. Determine First Host, Last Host and Broadcast
* Determine First Host by replacing the number 0 on the host range of add-most
end subnet become number 1
IP Address
Subnet mask
11111100
Subnet Add
First Host
00100001

> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001

> 255.255.255.252
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
> 172.30.1.32 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100000
> 175.30.1.1
= 10101100. 00011110. 00000001.

* Determine the Last Host by replacing the numbers 0 to 1 on the host range of
the subnet add except the very last bit remains 0.
IP Address
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add
Last Host
00100010

> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001

> 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
> 172.30.1.32 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100000
> 175.30.1.34 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001.

* Determine Broadcast by replacing all of the numbers 0 to host subnet range of

add become number 1.
IP Address
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add
Broadcast
00100011

> 172.30.1.33 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100001

> 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
> 172.30.1.32 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001. 00100000
> 175.30.1.35 = 10101100. 00011110. 00000001.

STEP 6
6. Determine the Number of Subnets by counting bits in the subnet counting range
is 8. Use the formula 2 to the power n, where n is the number of bits in the subnet
counting range.
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Subets

STEP 7

> 14 bits
> 2^14 = 16384 Subnets

7. Determine Number Usable Hosts per Subnet by counting bits in the host range is
8. Use the formula 2 to the power of n minus 2.
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Usable Host per Subnet
subnet

> 2 bits
> 2^2 2 = 4 2 = 2 host per

PROBLEM 3
Host IP Address

> 192.192.10.234

Subnet Mask > 255.255.255.0

Answer :

IP Address
Subnet Mask
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Subnets
Number of Host Bits per subnet
Number of Usable Hosts per
Subnet
Subnet Address for This IP
Address
IP Address of First Host on this
Subnet
IP Address of Last Host on This
Subnet
Broadcast Address for This
Subnet

192.192.10.
234
225.255.25
5.0

11000000

11000000

11111111

11111111

0000101
0
1111111
1

8 bits
2^8 = 256 subnet
256
254
192.192.10.0
192.192.10.1
192.192.10.254
192.192.10.255

Work Sheet :

STEP 1
1. Changing the IP Address and Subnet Mask into binary numbers.

11101010
00000000

11000000

11000000

00001010

11101010

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000000

STEP 2
2. Finding the Subnet Address for this IP address by adding the binary number of IP
addresses with the subnet mask using the AND operator, Note: 1 AND 1 = 1,
whereas if 0 aggregated using the AND operator, the result is 0
IP Address
11101010
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add

> 192.192.10.234

= 11000000. 11000000. 00001010.

> 255.255.255.0

= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.

> 192.192.10.0 = 11000000. 11000000. 00001010. 00000000

STEP 3
3. Determine the address bits that contain information that contains information
networks and hosts.

IP Address
11101010
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add

> 192.192.10.234

= 11000000. 11000000. 00001010.

> 255.255.255.0

= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.

> 192.192.10.0 = 11000000. 11000000. 00001010. 00000000

STEP 4
4. Determine the subnet range and host range.
IP Address
11101010
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add

> 192.192.10.234

= 11000000. 11000000. 00001010.

> 255.255.255.0

= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.

> 192.192.10.0 = 11000000. 11000000. 00001010. 00000000

STEP 5
5. Determine First Host, Last Host and Broadcast
* Determine First Host by replacing the number 0 on the host range of add-most
end subnet become number 1
IP Address
11101010
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add
First Host
00000001

> 192.192.10.234

= 11000000. 11000000. 00001010.

> 255.255.255.0

= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.

> 192.192.10.0 = 11000000. 11000000. 00001010. 00000000

> 192.192.10.1 = 11000000. 11000000. 00001010.

* Determine the Last Host by replacing the numbers 0 to 1 on the host range of
the subnet add except the very last bit remains 0.
IP Address
> 192.192.10.234
= 11000000. 11000000. 00001010.
11101010
Subnet mask
> 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
00000000
Subnet Add
> 192.192.10.0 = 11000000. 11000000. 00001010. 00000000
Last Host
> 192.192.10.254
= 11000000. 11000000.
00001010. 11111110
* Determine Broadcast by replacing all of the numbers 0 to host subnet range of
add become number 1.

IP Address
> 192.192.10.234
= 11000000. 11000000. 00001010.
11101010
Subnet mask
> 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
00000000
Subnet Add
> 192.192.10.0 = 11000000. 11000000. 00001010. 00000000
Broadcast
> 192.192.10.255
= 10101100. 00011110.
00000001. 11111111

STEP 6
6. Determine the Number of Subnets by counting bits in the subnet counting range
is 8. Use the formula 2 to the power n, where n is the number of bits in the subnet
counting range.
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Subets

> 8 bits
> 2^8 = 256 Subnets

STEP 7
7. Determine Number Usable Hosts per Subnet by counting bits in the host range is
8. Use the formula 2 to the power of n minus 2.
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Usable Host per Subnet
per subnet

> 8 bits
> 2^8 2 = 256 2 = 254 host

PROBLEM 4
Host IP Address

> 172.17.99.71

Subnet Mask > 255.255.0.0

Answer :

IP Address
Subnet Mask
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Subnets
Number of Host Bits per subnet

172.17.99.7
1

10101100

00010001

225.255.0.0

11111111

11111111

0 bits
2^0 = 1 subnet
65536

0110001
1
0000000
0

01000111
00000000

Number of Usable Hosts per

Subnet
Subnet Address for This IP
Address
IP Address of First Host on this
Subnet
IP Address of Last Host on This
Subnet
Broadcast Address for This
Subnet

65534
172.17.0.0
172.17.0.1
172.17.255.254
172.17.255.255

Work Sheet :

STEP 1
1. Changing the IP Address and Subnet Mask into binary numbers.

10101100

00010001

01100011

01000111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000000

0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000000

STEP 2
2. Finding the Subnet Address for this IP address by adding the binary number of IP
addresses with the subnet mask using the AND operator, Note: 1 AND 1 = 1,
whereas if 0 aggregated using the AND operator, the result is 0
IP Address
Subnet mask
Subnet Add

> 172.17.99.71 = 10101100. 00010001. 01100011. 01000111

> 255.255.0.0 = 11111111. 11111111. 00000000. 00000000
> 172.17.0.0
= 10101100. 00010001. 00000000. 00000000

STEP 3
3. Determine the address bits that contain information that contains information
networks and hosts.
IP Address
Subnet mask
Subnet Add

> 172.17.99.71 = 10101100. 00010001. 01100011. 01000111

> 255.255.0.0 = 11111111. 11111111. 00000000. 00000000
> 172.17.0.0
= 10101100. 00010001. 00000000. 00000000

STEP 4
4. Determine the subnet range and host range.
IP Address
Subnet mask
Subnet Add

> 172.17.99.71 = 10101100. 00010001. 01100011. 01000111

> 255.255.0.0 = 11111111. 11111111. 00000000. 00000000
> 172.17.0.0
= 10101100. 00010001. 00000000. 00000000

STEP 5
5. Determine First Host, Last Host and Broadcast
* Determine First Host by replacing the number 0 on the host range of add-most
end subnet become number 1
IP Address
Subnet mask
Subnet Add
First Host
00000001

> 172.17.99.71 = 10101100. 00010001. 01100011. 01000111

> 255.255.0.0 = 11111111. 11111111. 00000000. 00000000
> 172.17.0.0
= 10101100. 00010001. 00000000. 00000000
> 172.17.0.1
= 10101100. 00010001. 00000000.

* Determine the Last Host by replacing the numbers 0 to 1 on the host range of
the subnet add except the very last bit remains 0.

IP Address
> 172.17.99.71 = 10101100. 00010001. 01100011. 01000111
Subnet mask
> 255.255.0.0 = 11111111. 11111111. 00000000. 00000000
Subnet Add
> 172.17.0.0
= 10101100. 00010001. 00000000. 00000000
Last Host
> 172.17.255.254
= 10101100. 00010001.
11111111. 11111110
* Determine Broadcast by replacing all of the numbers 0 to host subnet range of
add become number 1.
IP Address
> 172.17.99.71 = 10101100. 00010001. 01100011. 01000111
Subnet mask
> 255.255.0.0 = 11111111. 11111111. 00000000. 00000000
Subnet Add
> 172.17.0.0
= 10101100. 00010001. 00000000. 00000000
Broadcast
> 172.17.255.255
= 10101100. 00010001.
11111111. 11111111

STEP 6
6. Determine the Number of Subnets by counting bits in the subnet counting range
is 8. Use the formula 2 to the power n, where n is the number of bits in the subnet
counting range.
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Subets

> 0 bits
> 2^0 = 1 Subnets

STEP 7
7. Determine Number Usable Hosts per Subnet by counting bits in the host range is
8. Use the formula 2 to the power of n minus 2.
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Usable Host per Subnet
host per subnet

PROBLEM 5
Host IP Address

> 192.168.3.219

Subnet Mask > 255.255.255.0

Answer :

> 16 bits
> 2^16 2 = 65536 2 = 65534

192.168.3.2
19
225.255.25
5.0

IP Address
Subnet Mask
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Subnets
Number of Host Bits per subnet
Number of Usable Hosts per
Subnet
Subnet Address for This IP
Address
IP Address of First Host on this
Subnet
IP Address of Last Host on This
Subnet
Broadcast Address for This
Subnet

11000000

10101000

11111111

11111111

0000001
1
1111111
1

8 bits
2^8 = 256 subnet
256
254
192.168.3.0
192.168.3.1
192.168.3.254
192.168.3.255

Work Sheet :

STEP 1
1. Changing the IP Address and Subnet Mask into binary numbers.

11000000

10101000

00000011

11011011

255/2 = 127 = 1

255/2 = 127 = 1

255/2 = 127 = 1

0/2 = 0 = 0

11011011
00000000

127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
0/2 = 0 = 0
00000000

STEP 2
2. Finding the Subnet Address for this IP address by adding the binary number of IP
addresses with the subnet mask using the AND operator, Note: 1 AND 1 = 1,
whereas if 0 aggregated using the AND operator, the result is 0
IP Address
11011011
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add

> 192.168.3.219

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.

> 255.255.255.0

= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.

> 192.168.3.0

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011. 00000000

STEP 3
3. Determine the address bits that contain information that contains information
networks and hosts.
IP Address
11011011
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add

> 192.168.3.219

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.

> 255.255.255.0

= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.

> 192.168.3.0

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011. 00000000

STEP 4
4. Determine the subnet range and host range.
IP Address
11011011
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add

STEP 5

> 192.168.3.219

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.

> 255.255.255.0

= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.

> 192.168.3.0

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011. 00000000

5. Determine First Host, Last Host and Broadcast

* Determine First Host by replacing the number 0 on the host range of add-most
end subnet become number 1
IP Address
11011011
Subnet mask
00000000
Subnet Add
First Host
00000001

> 192.168.3.219

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.

> 255.255.255.0

= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.

> 192.168.3.0 = 11000000. 10101000. 00000011. 00000000

> 192.168.3.1 = 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.

* Determine the Last Host by replacing the numbers 0 to 1 on the host range of
the subnet add except the very last bit remains 0.
IP Address
> 192.168.3.219
= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.
11011011
Subnet mask
> 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
00000000
Subnet Add
> 192.168.3.0 = 11000000. 10101000. 00000011. 00000000
Last Host
> 192.168.3.254
= 10101100. 00010001.
00000011. 11111110
* Determine Broadcast by replacing all of the numbers 0 to host subnet range of
add become number 1.
IP Address
> 192.168.3.219
= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.
11011011
Subnet mask
> 255.255.255.0
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
00000000
Subnet Add
> 192.168.3.0 = 11000000. 10101000. 00000011. 00000000
Broadcast
> 192.168.3.255
= 11000000. 10101000.
00000011. 11111111

STEP 6
6. Determine the Number of Subnets by counting bits in the subnet counting range
is 8. Use the formula 2 to the power n, where n is the number of bits in the subnet
counting range.
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Subets

> 8 bits
> 2^8 = 256 Subnets

STEP 7
7. Determine Number Usable Hosts per Subnet by counting bits in the host range is
8. Use the formula 2 to the power of n minus 2.
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Usable Host per Subnet
per subnet

> 8 bits
> 2^8 2 = 256 2 = 254 host

PROBLEM 6
Host IP Address

> 192.168.3.219

Subnet Mask > 255.255.255.252

Answer :

IP Address
Subnet Mask
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Subnets
Number of Host Bits per
subnet
Number of Usable Hosts per
Subnet
Subnet Address for This IP
Address
IP Address of First Host on this
Subnet
IP Address of Last Host on This
Subnet
Broadcast Address for This
Subnet

192.168.3.21
9
225.255.255.
252

11000000

10101000

11111111

11111111

0000001
1
1111111
1

14 bits
2^14 = 16384 subnet
4
2
192.168.3.216
192.168.3.217
192.168.3.218
192.168.3.219

Work Sheet :

STEP 1
1. Changing the IP Address and Subnet Mask into binary numbers.

11011011

11000000

10101000

00000011

11011011

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

255/2 = 127 = 1
127/2 = 63 = 1
63/2 = 31 = 1
31/2 = 15 = 1
15/2 = 7 =1
7/2 = 3 =1
3/2 = 1 = 1
1/2 = 0 = 1
11111111

11111100

STEP 2
2. Finding the Subnet Address for this IP address by adding the binary number of IP
addresses with the subnet mask using the AND operator, Note: 1 AND 1 = 1,
whereas if 0 aggregated using the AND operator, the result is 0
IP Address
11011011
Subnet mask
11111100
Subnet Add
11011000

STEP 3

> 192.168.3.219

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.

> 255.255.255.252

= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.

> 192.168.3.216

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.

3. Determine the address bits that contain information that contains information
networks and hosts.
IP Address
11011011
Subnet mask
11111100
Subnet Add
11011000

> 192.168.3.219

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.

> 255.255.255.252

= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.

> 192.168.3.216

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.

STEP 4
4. Determine the subnet range and host range.
IP Address
11011011
Subnet mask
11111100
Subnet Add
11011000

> 192.168.3.219

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.

> 255.255.255.252

= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.

> 192.168.3.216

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.

STEP 5
5. Determine First Host, Last Host and Broadcast
* Determine First Host by replacing the number 0 on the host range of add-most
end subnet become number 1
IP Address
> 192.168.3.219
= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.
11011011
Subnet mask
> 255.255.255.252
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
11111100
Subnet Add
> 192.168.3.216
= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.
11011000
First Host
> 192.168.3.217
= 11000000. 10101000.
00000011. 11011001
* Determine the Last Host by replacing the numbers 0 to 1 on the host range of
the subnet add except the very last bit remains 0.
IP Address
11011011
Subnet mask
11111100

> 192.168.3.219

= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.

> 255.255.255.252

= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.

Subnet Add
> 192.168.3.216
= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.
11011000
Last Host
> 192.168.3.218
= 10101100. 00010001.
00000011. 11011010
* Determine Broadcast by replacing all of the numbers 0 to host subnet range of
add become number 1.
IP Address
> 192.168.3.219
= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.
11011011
Subnet mask
> 255.255.255.252
= 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.
11111100
Subnet Add
> 192.168.3.216
= 11000000. 10101000. 00000011.
11011000
Broadcast
> 192.168.3.219
= 11000000. 10101000.
00000011. 11011011

STEP 6
6. Determine the Number of Subnets by counting bits in the subnet counting range
is 8. Use the formula 2 to the power n, where n is the number of bits in the subnet
counting range.
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Subets

> 14 bits
> 2^14 = 16384 Subnets

STEP 7
7. Determine Number Usable Hosts per Subnet by counting bits in the host range is
8. Use the formula 2 to the power of n minus 2.
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Usable Host per Subnet
subnet

>2 bits
> 2^2 2 = 4 2 = 2 host per